Academic literature on the topic 'Export country screening'
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Journal articles on the topic "Export country screening"
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Van Niekerk, Antoinette, and Wilma Viviers. "Promoting sustainable economic growth in South Africa through the production and export of low-carbon environmental goods." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 4 (August 29, 2014): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i4.607.
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Many countries, particularly those in the developing world, are under increasing pressure to improve their growth rates in order to tackle pressing economic problems at the domestic level. Increasing export volumes can make a positive contribution to a country’s economic growth rate, but it can also endanger the environment. How to reconcile the often conflicting phenomena of increased export activity, stronger economic growth and a lower carbon footprint is the focus of this study. A core outcome of the study was the creation of a single list using a cross-section of international sources, of low-carbon environmental goods, and their ranking according to their inherent ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, South Africa’s capacity to produce them, and their economic benefits, as reflected in the export opportunities they present. These export opportunities were revealed through the application of the Decision Support Model (DSM), an export market selection tool that incorporates a systematic filtering and screening system. The results of the analysis should help guide policymakers in their strategic deliberations on which export sectors to incentivise and support with a view to encouraging more ‘green’ growth in South Africa in the years ahead. diffusion of such goods. If the production and export of environmental goods were to increase, it could have a potentially positive effect on economic and environmental objectives, such as raising economic growth rates and lowering greenhouse gas intensity, respectively. For the purpose of this study, an analysis of four existing lists of environmental goods led to the identification of 39 core environmental goods. These 39 goods were ranked according to three criteria: i) the potential environmental benefits of each environmental good, using consensus among role players as a proxy; ii) South Africa’s capacity to produce each environmental good, using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of each good as a proxy; and iii) the potential economic benefits of each environmental good, using the potential export value as calculated by Steenkamp (2011) in the Decision Support Model (DSM) as a proxy. It emerged that the top five low-carbon environmental goods are: photosensitive semiconductors (HS-6: 854140); towers and masts (HS-6: 730820); electrical control and distribution boards (HS-6: 853710); gearing and screws (HS-6: 848340); and static converters (HS-6: 850440). In addition, the intensive and extensive product-country export opportunities for these top five low-carbon environmental goods were identified.
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Kawooya, Ronald. "Accomplishments of Tea Research in Uganda in the Year 2019." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.214.
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Tea is Uganda’s third most important export earner and oscillates between coffee and fish. The current production in the country is 59,000 tonnes of made tea per year, earning 104 million United States Dollars to the Uganda’s economy. Despite its importance to Uganda, the tea sector is faced with a number of constraints that include rising production costs, age of tea bushes, high overhead costs, poor agronomic agricultural practices, pests and diseases, low genetic potential, poor seed system, low labour productivity,and climate change. Since the collapse of Tea Research Institute of East Africa, tea research in Uganda has been dormant for three decades, due to limitations in tea experts, finance, and infrastructure. This review paper highlights the current tea research accomplishments made with the help of government of Uganda Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness Advisory Service (ATAAS) funding. These endeavors include: a) Genetic structure of tea diversity in Uganda has been determined, b) Characterization of tea clones with desirable attributes initiated, c) Soil nutrient up take of tea clones has been determined, d) Screening tea clones for resistance to Xylaria and Armillaria diseases and e) Tea dissemination material accomplished. This paper further spells out the future perspective and strategic intervention of tea research in Uganda.
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Peoples, M., S. Sadeghieh, E. Hwang, S. Chen, G. Hannon, C. Long, and M. Westhusin. "5 INHIBITION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS IN VITRO USING RNA INTERFERENCE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab5.
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The use of short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting viral genomes has shown great promise in human medicine and in vitro research in animal agriculture. However, this research has not been extrapolated into livestock applications. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a world-wide disease resulting in decreased production and export limitations in countries with endemic FMDV, as well as severe economical impacts if an outbreak occurs in an FMDV-free country. The long-term goal for this project is to produce transgenic cattle that express shRNA targeting the FMDV genome resulting in resistance to infection. As a starting point, five siRNA and one non-targeting control siRNA (Null) were developed targeting different highly conserved regions of a FMDV type-A based replicon. The siRNA were transfected into BHK cells 48 h before viral RNA challenge. Eighteen hours post challenge the cells were lysed and analyzed. Three siRNA targeting the non-structural polymerase protein exhibited severe knockdown of 87, 90, and 92% when compared with the Null siRNA transfected control. The siRNA targeting the VPG3 cap protein reduced activity by 59%, and the siRNA targeting the internal ribosomal entry site had a minimal effect of 15% reduction. Based upon these results, we produced recombinant lentiviral particles designed to deliver the shRNA sequence targeting the FMDV genome and the fluorescent marker, dsRed, into a bovine fetal fibroblast cell line. This transgenic cell line expressing the most effective shRNA (based on initial siRNA screening) was used for somatic cell nuclear transfer to create bovine embryos. One hundred and sixty oocytes were enucleated, of which 149 had successful fusion resulting in 35 blastocysts after in vitro culture. Two embryos per recipient were transferred into five recipients. At Day 40 of pregnancy three of the five recipients had a fetus, but no heart beat could be detected. We are currently in the process of creating another cell line and repeating this experiment. If successful, transgenic calves will be visually and genetically analyzed for expression of dsRed and shRNA targeting FMDV. Transgenic and control animals/tissues will then be analyzed for resistance to infection with FMDV.
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Ardiansyah, M., Ibnu Qizam, and Abdul Qoyum. "Telaah kritis model screening saham syariah menuju pasar tunggal ASEAN." IJTIHAD Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 16, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v16i2.197-216.
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Shariah stocks is one of the financial sectors that experienced with most significant growth in recentyears. the most important issue in Shariah stock is Stock screening mechanism. The aim of this study isto examine the screening models of Shariah stocks in ASEAN countries. This study is very crucialespecially in the era of ASEAN economic community (AEC). In addition, this study aims to examinesome of the factors that contribute to the differences in screening models applied in five ASEANcountries. By using descriptive method and literature studies approach, this study found a few things.Firstly, there are various models of Shariah stock screening in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailandand Philippines. In this context, the model screening in ASEAN countries have two tendencies, namely;for the country in the majority of the population is Muslim whereby there are many Sharia expert, thenthey will use the specific screening model and applied only in the country, while for the country that themajority is not Muslim, then they will tend to use models of screening that has been used globally forexample DJIM, FTSE, etc. This second pattern has been applied by Singapore, Thailand and Philippines.Secondly, differences in shariah screening models influenced by several factors, namely; differencesin social structure of a country where the Islamic stock market is located; the difference in the financialindustry that exist in the country will affect on the difference of screening models; and differences sectembraced by most scholars in a country is one of the fundamental factors in determining stock screeningmodel of sharia in 5 ASEAN Countries.
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Smith, Paul Julian. "Screenings." Film Quarterly 71, no. 1 (2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2017.71.1.73.
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By happy coincidence, Mexico in 2016 yielded two expert and moving documentaries on women, sex, and aging: María José Cuevas's Bellas de noche (Beauties of the Night) and Maya Goded's Plaza de la Soledad (Solitude Square). Both are first-time features by female directors. And both are attempts to reclaim previously neglected subjects: showgirls of the 1970s and sex workers in their seventies, respectively. Moreover, lengthy production processes in which the filmmakers cohabitated with their subjects have resulted in films that are clearly love letters to their protagonists. Widely shown at festivals and beyond, Bellas de noche won best documentary at Morelia, Mexico's key festival for the genre, and was picked up by Netflix in the United States and other territories. Plaza de la Soledad, meanwhile, earned plaudits at Sundance and a theatrical release in its home country in May 2017, a rare opportunity for a documentary. Complex and contradictory, these twin films celebrate women whose lives may be limited by circumstances cruelly beyond their control but who are vital, still, in their quest for friendship and freedom.
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Yusuf, Careema, Marci K. Sontag, Joshua Miller, Yvonne Kellar-Guenther, Sarah McKasson, Scott Shone, Sikha Singh, and Jelili Ojodu. "Development of National Newborn Screening Quality Indicators in the United States." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns5030034.
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Newborn screening is a public health program facilitated by state public health departments with the goal of improving the health of affected newborns throughout the country. Experts in the newborn screening community established a panel of eight quality indicators (QIs) to track quality practices within and across the United States newborn screening system. The indicators were developed following iterative refinement, consensus building, and evaluation. The Newborn Screening Technical assistance and Evaluation Program (NewSTEPs) implemented a national data repository in 2013 that captures the quality improvement metrics from each state. The QIs span the newborn screening process from collection of a dried blood spot through medical intervention for a screened condition. These data are collected and analyzed to support data-driven outcome assessments and tracking performance to improve the quality of the newborn screening system.
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Hariprasad, R., R. Babu, S. Arora, and R. Mehrotra. "Capacity Building in Cancer Screening Using ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes): Innovative and Cost-Effective Model." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 160s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.17500.
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Background and context: Three most common cancers in India are breast, uterine cervix and oral cavity, together accounting for approximately 34% of all cancers. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India has released an operational guidelines for cancer screening last year and has urged all the states to roll out population based cancer screening at various health care levels. As per these guidelines, the existing health care providers (HCPs) at various facilities would be rolling out the population based cancer screening in the country. However, the existing HCPs lack the skills and are not trained in cancer screening. Considering the size of the country, it is neither a feasible nor economically viable to provide in-person training for all cadres of HCPs. The limitation is comprehensively overcome by ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model provides a cost effective way to exponentially expand the capacity to mentor and train these HCPs in cancer screening best practices. ECHO as per the motto to “move knowledge rather than patients or doctors”, uses widely available one to many video-conferencing technology, didactic presentations and case based learning techniques to mentor and support HCPs to implement best practices in the field. In teleECHO clinics expert teams at an academic “hub” partner with willing participants to participate in knowledge networks in which all teach and all learn. Aim: To train the health care providers in cancer screening through technology assisted learning. Strategy/Tactics: A structured training program was designed using ECHO platform for all HCPs in separate batches that included, gynecologists, dentists and community health workers (CHWs), by virtual training to address all issues while they roll out cancer screening in their communities. Program/Policy process: A structured course of 20 week-sessions' virtual (online) cancer screening training program for various cadres of health care providers was undertaken. A typical one hour of ECHO session consisted of 25-30 minutes of didactics by the expert followed by 2 case presentations by the spokes. A “Beginner´s program” was well received by the participants who requested us to take it ahead with “Advanced training program” for specialists. Outcomes: 58 participants completed the course in cancer screening. The pre- and posttraining knowledge evaluation demonstrated a significant increase in the knowledge gained by participants. What was learned: In a resource constrained environment it is feasible to develop a basic curriculum in cancer screening program and train and support, all cadres of HCPs. Rolling out a technology enabled model such as ECHO for teaching and training can enable the development of a population based cancer screening program.
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Hariprasad, Roopa, and Ravi Mehrotra. "Cancer Screening Program Using Technology Assisted Learning." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 23s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.004036.
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Abstract 29 There is an estimated burden of over 1 million individuals who were diagnosed with cancer in India in 2012. The three most commonly occurring cancers in India are breast, uterine cervix and oral cancers, together accounting for one third of India’s cancer burden. All three are usually detectable at early stages, and malignancies of the oral cavity and cervix have precancerous stages that are amenable to secondary prevention. Therefore, screening and early detection of these three cancers will help to markedly reduce the cancer burden in India. The technology used in this project is the ECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) model of the University of New Mexico. ECHO clinics are supported by basic, widely available teleconferencing technology. It links expert specialist teams at an academic ‘hub’ with primary care clinicians in local communities – the ‘spokes’ of the model. This pilot project is being conducted at the primary health centre (PHC) Gumballi, a tribal village in Karnataka. We are incorporating cancer screening program in the existing infrastructure and manpower in-country, using the ECHO model. The Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICPO) helps in empowering the community health workers (CHWs) at the PHC to conduct cancer screening of the population covered by the PHC. We have used two modes of training health care providers: Initial face-to-face training on cancer screening tests, allowing for hands-on training and practice of skills. ICPO staff visited Gumballi and provided 4 days of intensive training to the community health workers in screening of oral, breast and cervical cancer. Subsequently, fortnightly, ECHO clinics are being conducted to include reiteration of the training, discussing patient cases, resource sharing and expert presentations. To date, the CHWs have screened 11,342 individuals for oral, breast and cervical cancer, out of the 16,042 eligible population. The screen positives and suspicious cases are being evaluated and treated by a team of specialists from the Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, which is a tertiary care centre for cancer treatment in that region. This pilot study proves that the cancer screening is feasible at the primary health network with the existing resources which can be replicated to the larger masses and subsequently to the whole country. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from either author.
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Winston, Randi. "Introducing the Newborn Hearing Screening Training Curriculum." Perspectives on Hearing and Hearing Disorders in Childhood 18, no. 2 (October 2008): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/hhdc18.2.39.
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Abstract Although hospital based universal newborn hearing screening programs have been implemented in the majority of hospitals in the country, state Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs and hospitals face the ongoing challenge of ensuring that all screening staff are properly trained and competent. Inadequately trained screening staff jeopardizes the integrity and efficiency of the early identification and intervention process. Over the past 2 ½ years, a team of experts dedicated to newborn hearing screening, represented by The EAR Foundation of Arizona (EFAZ) and the National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management at Utah State University (NCHAM), collaborated on a project to develop a competency based, multi-media training curriculum to meet hospitals’ training needs. The goal was to provide a consistent and comprehensive training solution to help hospitals achieve an improved standard of care to babies and families through efficient screening practices. A draft version was piloted and evaluated in 10 EHDI state programs. Feedback from 70 hospitals was incorporated. This document will discuss considerations and methods used for development and an overview of the curriculum content.
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Sattar, Wasim. "Cost effectiveness of treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: A report from a developing country." Journal of Global Oncology 5, suppl (October 7, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2019.5.suppl.131.
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131 Background: Current recommendations for first line therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) is life-time use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI's). Unfortunately, the financial burden of continuous TKI therapy is unsustainable especially in developing countries. In Pakistan, an access-program for Imatinib (IM) and Nilotinib is available; the cost of therapy is subsidized with the Government paying for 3 months and Novartis for 9 months. Updated results from several trials support continued long term durability of treatment free remission (TFR). We attempted TFR in our patients in an attempt to reduce financial burden and improve quality of life for the patients. We aimed to evaluate the economic impact of discontinuing imatinib versus continuous use of imatinib in patients taking IM 400mg. Methods: 57 patients of CP-CML taking Imatinib 400 mg for the last 10 years who were negative by FISH for at least 3 years or in MR 4.5 at least once in 12 months were evaluated. Of these 30 were screening failures, 4 patients refused consent prior to screening and 25 were eligible for the trial. Two consecutive RQ-PCR were performed 3 months apart prior to enrollment. Patients were eligible if they achieved MR 4.5 for at least 3 months prior to entering the study. Molecular response was assessed by Quantitative BCR-ABL RQ-PCR every 4 weeks after discontinuation for year 1 and 8 weeks at year 2. Cost of Imatinib 400 mg per month was calculated as well as the cost of BCR-ABL RQ-PCR by gene expert for the trial. Results: Of the enrolled 25 patients, 10 lost their deep molecular response and were restarted on therapy, 5 withdrew consent after screening.10 patients are currently on trial at varying time intervals (10-14 months) of cessation of imatinib. The cost of one month of imatinib is US $ 800 and the cost of RT PCR is $ 67. TFR translated into approximately US 1.2 million saved. Conclusions: The discontinuation of TKI in this small subset of patients has resulted in remarkably large savings with significant impact on the meager health budget in our resource limited setting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Export country screening"
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Gould, Richard Robert, and RichardGould@ozemail com au. "International market selection-screening technique: replacing intuition with a multidimensional framework to select a short-list of countries." RMIT University. Social Science & Planning, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081125.145312.
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The object of this research was to develop an international market screening methodology which selects highly attractive markets, allowing for the ranges in diversity amongst organisations, countries and products. Conventional business thought is that, every two to five years, dynamic organisations which conduct business internationally should decide which additional foreign market or markets to next enter. If they are internationally inexperienced, this will be their first market; if they are experienced, it might be, say, their 100th market. How should each organisation select their next international market? One previous attempt has been made to quantitatively test which decision variables, and what weights, should be used when choosing between the 230 countries of the world. The literature indicate that a well-informed selection decision could consider over 150 variables that measure aspects of each foreign market's economic, political, legal, cultural, technical and physical environments. Additionally, attributes of the organisation have not been considered when selecting the most attractive short-list of markets. The findings presented in the dissertation are that 30 criteria accounted for 95 per cent of variance at cross-classification rates of 95 per cent. The weights of each variable, and the markets selected statistically as being the most attractive, were found to vary with the capabilities, goals and values of the organisation. This frequently means that different countries will be best for different organisations selling the same product. A
Conference papers on the topic "Export country screening"
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Jariwala, Vishal, Louis Larosiliere, and James Hardin. "Design Exploration of a Return Channel for Multistage Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57777.
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In this study, aerodynamic design improvement options are explored for a low vane count and high flow-coefficient stage return channel, which was found to produce larger than acceptable levels of residual swirl and distortion at the stage exit. A CFD-driven design exploration of three classes of return channel vanes was conducted with the goal of achieving a useful reduction in the stage exit residual swirl angle and its spanwise variance without compromising total pressure loss. First, the approach taken to anchor the CFD model with test data and resultant aerodynamic diagnosis at design point for the baseline return channel are discussed. This is followed by a cursory parametric design screening to explore concepts that can potentially meet the design goal while adhering to the spatial envelope (stage spacing) and mechanical constraints. Results of this exploration are presented and some conclusions are offered concerning the suitability of a 3D return channel guide vane partially extended into the crossover bend.
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Childs, Edward, and Stephen Kohr. "Multi-Disciplinary Optimization of a Turbocharger Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14805.
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Abstract The design of a turbocharger compressor must meet aerodynamic performance requirements, operate within specified stress and vibration limits, and respond quickly to changes in operating conditions. Design optimization must therefore include static, thermal and modal analysis (including weight and polar moment of inertia calculations) along with aerodynamic analysis (CFD). In some cases, a design optimized for aerodynamic performance only can be optimized separately to meet structural goals, using impeller backface geometry, bore radius and fillet radius inputs, which generally do not impact aerodynamic performance. If, however, impeller geometry inputs such as R1t-R1h, R2, B2 influence both aerodynamic and structural analysis, a coupled optimization is required, and each design must have both CFD and FEA analyses. In this study, a radial compressor with a vaneless diffuser at a single operating point is considered. The aerodynamic parameters for the impeller (BETA1H, BETA1S, BETA2S, main blade count, B2, R2, R1t) and diffuser (Pinch, R3/R2, Rex/R2) comprise in total 10 independent aerodynamic inputs. The aerodynamic objectives are to meet the operating point pressure ratio target and to maximize efficiency. The structural parameters for the backface (shoulder position, shoulder radius, web thickness at outer diameter (OD), OD angle, shoulder angle), bore radius and fillet radius comprise in total 7 independent structural inputs. The main structural objectives are to minimize the polar moment of inertia, and satisfy constraints on allowable maximum stress, deflection and the frequencies of blade vibration (flapping) modes. Successful multi-disciplinary optimization requires both CFD and FEA analysis to complete successfully for each trial design. Initial test runs of the optimization resulted in many geometries for which a valid CFD grid or FEA grid could not be generated. The high percentage of failed runs in the initial DOE impeded the construction of a viable surrogate model. A comprehensive investigation of all failure modes led to prescreening of both CFD and FEA geometry generation, using input constraints. The failure rate was greatly reduced as a result, leading to an improved search. Prior to the geometry screening, the optimizer found a large Pareto frontier between the efficiency and polar moment of inertia objectives. Following the screening, the efficiency and IP objectives became more cooperative. The optimization was carried out using Concepts NREC tools AxCent® and TurboOPT II™, NUMECA Fine/Turbo, and ESTECO modeFRONTIER®.
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Cerutti, Matteo, Giovanni Riccio, Antonio Andreini, Riccardo Becchi, Bruno Facchini, and Alessio Picchi. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Novel Natural Gas Low NOx Burners for Heavy Duty Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76670.
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A novel dry low-NOx gas turbine technology requires well balanced assessments since the early development phases. The weak knowledge of often conflicting aspects, such as operability and manufacturability, make any roadmap difficult to be drawn. The introduction of innovative manufacturing technologies such as the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process allows rapid manufacturing of components and test them in dedicated facilities to support real-time development of new products. The use of such a manufacturing process allows the adoption of designed experiments based development strategies, which are still uncommon at industrial level, due to the reduced time from drawings to test. The paper describes a reactive test campaign performed by BHGE in cooperation with University of Florence, aimed at the exploration of capabilities of different innovative burners in terms of pollutant emissions containment and blow-out margin. In particular, the test campaign has been conceived to provide a robust estimate of the effects of key geometrical parameters on principal burner performances. The flame stabilization mechanism of the investigated burners is based on the swirling flow generated by different setup of two internal channels: co-rotating and counter-rotating radial and axial swirlers. The effect of both the shape and the size of the internal air passages, as well as of the swirler characteristics, has been matter of investigation. Burners were tested in a single-cup test rig operated at moderate pressure conditions (up to 6bar), with two levels of preheated air temperature (300°C and 400°C). Each burner was equipped with two natural gas feeding lines representing the diffusion (pilot) and premixed (main) fuel supplies: both lines were regulated during tests to assess the effect of fuel split on emissions and to identify a stable low-NOx operating window, within which a lean blow-out test was performed. Dynamic pressure probes, were used to evaluate the onset of combustion instabilities. The burner development was supported by CFD investigations with the purpose to have a detailed understating of the flow-field and flame structure and to perform a preliminary screening to select the most promising solutions for the testing phase. The post process of the experimental results has allowed to correlate the main design parameters to burner performance variables discovering possible two-fold optimizations in terms of emissions and operability.
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Tung, Fletcher (Cheng-Piao), Jensen (Ying-Chou) Tsai, Yu-Po Wang, Joe (Chih-Nan) Lin, and Gary (Yue-Long) Fan. "Packaging Challenges of Thin High Bandwidth POP." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11181.
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Abstract Components for Smartphone has been the biggest driving force of IC industry for years, and one of the most important IC is application processor (AP). AP needs to work with low power double data rate (LPDDR), the mobile DRAM together for the primary processing of cellular phone and other smart functions. At the beginning, they were packaged separately and then mounted onto printed circuit board (PCB) very close to each other. Nowadays, AP for flagship Smartphone is packaged with a variety of PoP (package on package) structures to shorten the communication distance between AP and LPDDR as well as to save more rooms for battery. High bandwidth package on package (HBW-POP) is the most popular structure among them. As compared to other substrate based PoP, HBW-POP provides the most top side pin count while keeps larger ball pitch for system assembly house to mount LPDDR packaged by fine-pitch ball grid array (FBGA) on top of it. And compared to novel Fan-Out based PoP, HBW-POP has lower cost for AP packaging. In addition, maximum package height of HBW-POP has been shrinking. It is because when LPDDR is mounted onto HBW-POP, the combination is always the tallest chips on the PCB, which determines how slim specific Smartphone can be. HBW-POP consists of 3 parts to encapsulate AP die, and they are top 2-layer substrate, middle molding and bottom 3-layer substrate. Each part has its own coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and rigidity, and the warpage performance of HBW-POP is important to align the warpage behavior of LPDDR. The warpage of HBW-POP needs to align with FBGA properly during reflow for good joint, but when HBW-POP becomes thinner, the rigidity of its different parts is changed, which result in different warpage behavior during the reflow. In this paper, we will review the challenges of thin HBW-POP packaging, meanwhile we will explore possible solutions to address each challenge. The study includes the screening of different thickness combination of the 3 parts of HBW-POP, and the optimization of the rigidity and CTE of them. Design of Experiments (DOE) are conducted to find solutions which can meet warpage target, and finally, we present more different tests to prove the reliability of our results.
Reports on the topic "Export country screening"
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Karam, Sofia, Morteza Nagahi, Vidanelage Dayarathna, Junfeng Ma, Raed Jaradat, and Michael Hamilton. Integrating systems thinking skills with multi-criteria decision-making technology to recruit employee candidates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41026.
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The emergence of modern complex systems is often exacerbated by a proliferation of information and complication of technologies. Because current complex systems challenges can limit an organization's ability to efficiently handle socio-technical systems, it is essential to provide methods and techniques that count on individuals' systems skills. When selecting future employees, companies must constantly refresh their recruitment methods in order to find capable candidates with the required level of systemic skills who are better fit for their organization's requirements and objectives. The purpose of this study is to use systems thinking skills as a supplemental selection tool when recruiting prospective employees. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior research that studied the use of systems thinking skills for recruiting purposes. The proposed framework offers an established tool to HRM professionals for assessing and screening of prospective employees of an organization based on their level of systems thinking skills while controlling uncertainties of complex decision-making environment with the fuzzy linguistic approach. This framework works as an expert system to find the most appropriate candidate for the organization to enhance the human capital for the organization.