Journal articles: 'Export country identification'

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Nasir, Shahbaz. "Modern Services Exports from Emerging Countries—Perspectives and Opportunities." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (December 1, 2012): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.209-226.

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Traditionally, developed countries are the major exporters of services; however, technological developments in IT and communications over the last two decades have made it possible for developing countries to exploit their comparative advantage in some modern services. The driving force for this comparative advantage is the large pool of semi-skilled and skilled graduates in emerging countries who can deliver their services across borders, using advanced communication technologies. Why do emerging countries have increasing modern services exports? How are these exports explained by theory? What are the factors behind this export growth and the reasons to expect future growth? These are some of the important questions that researchers and policy-makers would like to find answers to and an attempt has been made to answer these questions in this paper. Identification of the sources of services export growth from emerging and developing countries can be attempted through established theories of goods trade and production. This paper reviews selected theory and empirical work in order to explain the underlying causes for growing exports of services. Causes for the export of modern services may include a comparative advantage of the exporting country, cost reduction for the importing firm through outsourcing, reduction in trading costs due to technological improvements and an increase in gains from services trade.

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Galeev, Marat Mirsayafovich, and Alexander Sergeevich Baleevskikh. "Functioning of food enterprises in the context of export development policies implementation." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 11, no. 31 (October 1, 2020): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.31.09.

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The article describes the development trends of the modern poultry product subcomplex as a raw material base for food industry and state export activity. Import substitution and increasing export volumes are a priority for the federal and regional development policies of Russia. In this regard, the aim of the study was to analyze the current state of food industry in the context of policy implementation of import substitution and export development. The achievement of the set goal was disclosed by solving several interrelated tasks: 1) analysis of resources of food products (eggs and egg products) and their use; 2) identification of a hidden correlation between indicators “production” and “import”; 3) identification of a hidden correlation between indicators “production” and “export”. We hypothesized that indicators “production” and “export” of agri-food are directly correlated. Studies to identify hidden correlation dependencies have shown that there is a direct correlation between indicators “production” and “import”. Indicators “production” and “export” don’t have dependencies and influence on each other, therefore an increase in production doesn’t affect the direct export of eggs from the country.

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Novikova, Е. S. "EXPORT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS THE TOOL FOR COMPETITIVENESS IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMIES IN THE WORLD." International Trade and Trade Policy 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2021-2-133-148.

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The research paper covers the impact of higher education export on the competitiveness level of key world economies in terms of international division of labor and global value chains, including USA, Germany and China. At the same time, the comparison in the field of higher education export in Russia has been implemented. There have been revealed main factors in the attraction of foreign students in universities of analyzed countries: the economic factor (the profit from higher educational services for foreign citizens), the consumer factor (the profit from living costs of foreign citizens during the educational period), factor of additional labor force (the employment of foreign graduates in the international companies), factor of “soft power” (the loyal attitude to the country, where higher education has been received) and factor of innovation development (the participation of foreign citizens in the development and implementation of research ideas in startups). Additionally, indicators of selected countries were compared in terms of its competitiveness level, including the complexity of economies and its innovation development. The result of this research is identification of interaction between export of higher education and competitiveness level of a country: USA, Germany and China have high indicators in this field in comparison with Russia. Based on the results main directions of higher education export development have been described with a target of competitiveness level increase in the national economy globally.

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Ivanova, Svetlana V., and Artyom V. Latyshov. "Trade of the EAEU Countries in Agricultural Products: Trends, Conflicts, Factors." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-4-120-134.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of domestic and foreign trade of the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU) of agri-food products; identification and assessment of current trends, growth factors and imbalances in the light of efforts to create a unified agricultural policy of the member States of the Union. It is determined that Russia's successful implementation of the priority project «Export of agricultural products» contributed to the increase in grain exports to third countries in spite of the limited effective demand within the EAEU. The largest contribution to exports within the five countries, especially in terms of livestock products, makes Belarus with a significant negative balance of its trade in agricultural products with countries outside the Union. The free trade agreement with Vietnam stimulates export from Russia with mainly wheat, which strengthens its position as a source of agricultural raw materials without shifting the focus to products of deep processing. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that agriculture is officially recognized as a strategic industry, and food security is an integral part of the national security of the country. It is of interest to study the formation of a single agricultural market within the EAEU and the realities of foreign trade with third countries.

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Wright, Dominie. "How the misidentification of a pathogen can cause an emergency response – a real life case study of an Australian grain export incident." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12029.

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In February 2004, a shipment of Australian wheat was rejected by an importing country that alleged the grain contained ustilospores of Tilletia indica. This allegation caused all wheat trading and shipments from Australia to be stopped. At this time, Australian wheat was worth A$4 billion and provided 14% of the world's export demand. How did this misidentification occur? And why is correct identification of pathogens so important when trading with other countries?

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Mostafiz, Md Imtiaz, Murali Sambasivan, and See Kwong Goh. "Impacts of dynamic managerial capability and international opportunity identification on firm performance." Multinational Business Review 27, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-09-2018-0061.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of international opportunity identification (IOI) in export-manufacturing firms. The fundamental question addressed in this research is: How does dynamic managerial capability (DMC) of entrepreneurs contribute to IOI and success of the firms? Design/methodology/approach The research model was tested through structural equation modeling among the readymade garment manufacturing firms in the least developed country, Bangladesh. A survey was conducted with a random sampling approach and responses were collected from 390 firms. Findings The salient findings are: DMC has direct and indirect impacts through IOI on financial and non-financial performance; IOI mediates the relationship between managerial social capital and non-financial performance and between managerial cognition and non-financial performance; IOI has a negative relationship with the financial performance of the firms; and scope of accelerated internationalization positively moderates the relationship between IOI and financial performance of firms. Originality/value This paper notably shows that DMC of export-manufacturing entrepreneurs leads to the identification of the right kind of opportunities, which, in turn, generate better performance. It is advantageous for this type of firm to operate a business in multiple countries.

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Bruneckiene, Jurgita, and Dovile Paltanaviciene. "Measurement of Export Competitiveness of the Baltic States by Composite Index." Engineering Economics 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1218.

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Theoretical and practical aspects of the measurement of export competitiveness are analyzed in this article. The relevance and timeliness of analysis of the concept of export competitiveness proves the fact that competition is a very important precondition, which affects the effectiveness of development of national economy under the conditions of globalization. The research of the concept of export competitiveness and the ways of improving competitiveness of national economy are especially relevant for the countries in the period of recovering from the outcomes of economic crisis of 2008 -2009. In the European Union, the worst influence of economics recession was brought on Baltic States – Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia economies. One of the most important factors, which could stimulate the development of national economy, is export. Its development is especially essential for small countries, which are too small to consume all the production made by these countries. Higher export competitiveness could help the country to overcome after-effects of economic recession and stimulate the development of the total national economy. Export is often associated with competitiveness of the country at the international level. While the academic understanding of international competitiveness of the country is still forming, the factors of international competitiveness are still being identified in scientific literature, export competitiveness can be measured in different ways: by analyzing one or several factors of the country's export, creating composite indices, analyzing factors and conditions which stimulate the international trade, etc. As every method has its advantages and disadvantages, the scientists seek to find the most reliable, methodologically justified, understandable, convenient to practical use and objective method, which could be accepted generally and widely used in strategic planning on improving competitiveness of the national export and total national economy. But why the measurement of export competitiveness is so important? The answer to this question is related to the fact, that if competitiveness can not be measured, it can not be improved. As Baltic States and other countries compete directly among each other for the export markets, the identification of the current situations of export competitiveness in comparison with other competitors and its variation in the period of time will provide the information necessary for the government, business and scientist sectors, which are creating, updating, implementing and evaluating efficiency of the export improvement strategy and various means for its stimulation. This article presents the problems related to the increase of export competitiveness in the Baltic States and its measurement. The factors enhancing export development are distinguished, possibilities on application of the basic competitiveness models and methods and their application for measurement of the export competitiveness are analysed. Based on the conducted theoretical analysis, the index of measurement of the Baltic States export competitiveness was established, thus allowing to identify the main factors determining competitiveness of the Baltic States export and quantitative measure the competitiveness of the Baltic States export. The established index is empirically based when assessing competitiveness of the Baltic States export within the period of 2005 – 2010. The article ends by providing strategic proposals regarding increase in export competitiveness of Lithuania. The newly created Baltic States export competitiveness index, presented in the article, is one of the ambitions to promote the methodological background for measurement of export competitiveness and promote establishment of conditions, stimulating national enterprises to export and be competitive within international markets.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1218

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Fedosieieva, Hanna S. "The Role of United Territorial Communities in the Development Foreign Economic Activity of Agricultural Producers." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 1 (2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2020.87.08.

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The paper describes the mechanism of cooperation between the united territorial communities and agricultural producers. An example of the activities of a particular rural territorial community identifies the benefits of such cooperation for each participant. In particular, the most important positive results for the united territorial communities are the development of employment of the local population; development of social and rehabilitation of industrial infrastructure; an increase in the average wage; reducing the rate of migration of young people. The system of measures to be taken by the united territorial community in order to stimulate the export operations of local agricultural producers is justified. The factors that should be taken into account by agricultural producers in the process of joint development of the strategy of entering the foreign market are identified: identification of the object and the country of export; study of legislation in the field of agricultural imports of the partner country; the possibility of involving an external specialist in foreign economic activity and international certification; search for a foreign partner; calculation of economic efficiency of the planned export operation; others. The export options are presented for certain agricultural producers, taking into account their modern specialization, the possibility of diversification of activities, the volume of agricultural lands, the export price for certain types of products, promising markets, and the available competitive advantages. The focus is on the expediency of exporting niche types of agricultural products, including white beans. In addition, the emphasis is placed on the need to consolidate the provisions of mutually beneficial parity cooperation and to determine the parameters of a concrete positive effect of such cooperation for the united territorial community. Keywords: agricultural producer, export, foreign economic activity, united territorial community.

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Capobianco-Uriarte, María de las Mercedes, Juan Carlos Gázquez-Abad, Jaime De Pablo-Valenciano, and María del Pilar Casado-Belmonte. "INFLUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF COUNTRY PROFILES WITHIN THE EUROPEAN TOMATO MARKET." Journal of Business Economics and Management 22, no. 3 (May 7, 2021): 823–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.14468.

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The objectives of this work are to determine the profiles of the countries that make up the European tomato consuming market and to observe if the economic-financial crisis (2007/2008) has influenced them. Both Lafay’s economic indicators were applied and country profiles and subprofiles were identified through a multilevel two-stage cluster analysis. The empirical analysis covers the period from 2005 to 2016, separated into two periods, pre-crisis (2005–2010) and post-crisis (2011–2016). Most countries obtained import and export profiles that coincide in both indices, Except in Italy. Only one post-crisis profile change was detected, this being for Greece, from an importer to an exporter. As a result of the initial two-stage clustering analysis (both in the pre-crisis and post-crisis period), three clusters were obtained. At the first level of clustering, Italy is identified with a producer profile and Spain and the Netherlands with an exporter profile. At the second level of clustering of the initial larger group, two clusters were identified, Germany and the United Kingdom with an importing sub-profile, and France and Belgium with an exporting sub-profile. In the transition from the pre-crisis to the post-crisis period, Portugal changed from a producer sub-profile to an exporter sub-profile.

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Juchniewicz, Małgorzata, and Magdalena Łada. "Diversification of the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in EU." International Journal of Management and Economics 56, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0006.

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Abstract The high-technology sector has a particular importance in the development of modern national economies. It affects both the level of competitiveness and innovation. This was a prerequisite for the study to assess the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the European Union (EU) countries. The starting point of the discussion was the definition of the concept of competitiveness, the competitive position of the advanced technology industry, and the classification of the high-tech sector. Based on the selected indicators, the competitive position and the rank of countries have been established. As for this, the indicators of the export share of the advanced technology sector in the intra-export market, the profitability of the high-tech sector, and the degree of export–import coverage were used. Based on the adopted indicators, a synthetic indicator of a competitive position has also been calculated which enabled determination of the most competitive country in the EU in reference to the industry. This enabled the identification of factors influencing the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the EU member countries.

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Koohdar, Fahimed, Masoud Sheidai, and Seyed Mehdi Talebi. "Population genetic structure and genetic diversity study in Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth.: identification of potential gene pools in Iran." Hacquetia 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2018-0009.

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Abstract Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth. (Family Lamiaceae), is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Iran. It is an herbaceous pant that is commonly known as “Lady mantle”. The vernacular name of Lallemantia royleana’s seed is Balangu or Balangu Shirazi that is used as a source of medicine. Medicinal plants are very important from economic point of view in Iran and several large industries are focused on medicinal plants cultivation, extraction and export. Therefore, providing data on the biology of these plants is important for the country. Lallemantia royleana grows in different parts of Iran and forms several local populations. Genetic, morphological and biochemical divergence of geographical populations are well known in plant species. We have no report on population genetic structure, genetic fragmentation, local adaptation and gen flow of Lallemantia royleana populations in the country. Therefore, the present population genetics investigation was programmed to produce data on above said questions. Randomly collected plants of 7 geographical regions were studied by ISSR molecular markers. This information can be used in hybridization and gene conservation of this medicinal plant in Iran.

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Van Niekerk, Antoinette, and Wilma Viviers. "Promoting sustainable economic growth in South Africa through the production and export of low-carbon environmental goods." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 4 (August 29, 2014): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i4.607.

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Many countries, particularly those in the developing world, are under increasing pressure to improve their growth rates in order to tackle pressing economic problems at the domestic level. Increasing export volumes can make a positive contribution to a country’s economic growth rate, but it can also endanger the environment. How to reconcile the often conflicting phenomena of increased export activity, stronger economic growth and a lower carbon footprint is the focus of this study. A core outcome of the study was the creation of a single list using a cross-section of international sources, of low-carbon environmental goods, and their ranking according to their inherent ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, South Africa’s capacity to produce them, and their economic benefits, as reflected in the export opportunities they present. These export opportunities were revealed through the application of the Decision Support Model (DSM), an export market selection tool that incorporates a systematic filtering and screening system. The results of the analysis should help guide policymakers in their strategic deliberations on which export sectors to incentivise and support with a view to encouraging more ‘green’ growth in South Africa in the years ahead. diffusion of such goods. If the production and export of environmental goods were to increase, it could have a potentially positive effect on economic and environmental objectives, such as raising economic growth rates and lowering greenhouse gas intensity, respectively. For the purpose of this study, an analysis of four existing lists of environmental goods led to the identification of 39 core environmental goods. These 39 goods were ranked according to three criteria: i) the potential environmental benefits of each environmental good, using consensus among role players as a proxy; ii) South Africa’s capacity to produce each environmental good, using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of each good as a proxy; and iii) the potential economic benefits of each environmental good, using the potential export value as calculated by Steenkamp (2011) in the Decision Support Model (DSM) as a proxy. It emerged that the top five low-carbon environmental goods are: photosensitive semiconductors (HS-6: 854140); towers and masts (HS-6: 730820); electrical control and distribution boards (HS-6: 853710); gearing and screws (HS-6: 848340); and static converters (HS-6: 850440). In addition, the intensive and extensive product-country export opportunities for these top five low-carbon environmental goods were identified.

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DUNDAS, NAUDIA S., DANIEL M. FITZPATRICK, JOHN S. McKIBBEN, VICTOR A. AMADI, and RHONDA D. PINCKNEY. "Identification of Helminth Parasites from Selar crumenophthalmus in Grenada, West Indies." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 7 (June 25, 2019): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-470.

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ABSTRACT Grenada is a tropical island country reliant on local fish for food and export. Specifically, Selar crumenophthalmus, known locally as jacks or bigeye scad, is commonly consumed by residents and visitors to the island. To date, there are no data about the prevalence of different helminths in S. crumenophthalmus in Grenada. In particular, it was unknown if Anisakis, a genus containing parasitic nematodes, implicated in both fish and human disease, is of concern for local fish and human health. In this study, 39 samples of S. crumenophthalmus were dissected and assessed for helminth infection. Of these fish, 26 (67%) contained helminths in and around the internal organs (mean, 3.6 helminths per infected fish). DNA was extracted from each helminth, followed by PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, or Sanger sequencing or a combination of them to identify the parasites. Results confirmed that 89 (96%) of 93 helminths identified were Anisakis typica, and the remaining four helminths were likely acanthocephalans. Neither is considered pathogenic to humans, livestock, or companion animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of either type of helminth in fish in Grenada. Future studies are needed to ascertain the role of A. typica and acanthocephalans in fish health in Grenada, including any association with observed fish kills. Additional studies are also needed to identify other helminths found in S. crumenophtalamus, which may be of importance to its health and also human health. HIGHLIGHTS

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Torres, Lorena E., Paula C. Brunetti, Carla Baglio, Pablo G. Bauzá, Ana G. Chaves, Yamile Massuh, Sonia F. Ocaño, and Marta S. Ojeda. "Field Evaluation of Twelve Clones of Oregano Grown in the Main Production Areas of Argentina: Identification of Quantitative Trait with the Highest Discriminant Value." ISRN Agronomy 2012 (July 16, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/349565.

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In Argentina, oregano (Origanum spp.) is one of the most important aromatic species. Leaves and flowering tops are used as seasoning, targeting the retail consumer, industrial and less to export. Local production has low-average yields due to the variability of cultivated material, the vegetative propagation methods used, and the lack of knowledge and adaptive experimentation on advanced cultivation practices. Clones of oregano grown in the country were collected in order to characterize the germplasm used in Argentina. Twelve oregano clones, sanitized by meristems culture and micropropagated in vitro, were field evaluated in three different growing locations. Regardless of growing site, the quantitative variables with more discriminating value were essential oils yield, internode length, length of the longest branch, fresh weight, dry weight of leaf and stem, leaf/stem ratio, and leaf area. Based on the quantitative traits, oregano clones can be classified into four groups. From the observations based on botanical characteristics, it was determined that the evaluated clones belong to three different taxa: Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare, Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, and Origanum x majoricum (hybrid). Within each group, the clones belong to the same taxon.

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LAGODIIENKO, Volodymyr, Olexander BOGDANOV, and Vladyslav LAGODIIENKO. "PLACE AND ROLE OF UKRAINE IN THE WORLD WHEAT MARKET." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-33.

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Introduction. Wheat production is a leading industry in both the agricultural sector and the public sector as a whole. This is due to his crucial role in ensuring the food security of the country. Considering the leading role of wheat grain in the list of Ukrainian export commodities, there is a need to find a compromise between ensuring the country's food security and increasing the presence of these Ukrainian products on the global market. The purpose of the article is assessment of the place and determination of the role of Ukrainian producers in the world wheat grain market, identification of factors that impede the expansion of the presence of relevant domestic products in the global market. Results. The analysis of world production, final stocks and consumption of wheat grain has allowed to determine the increase of production volumes with excess of consumption rates, which led to price stabilization. An analysis of the volume and structure of world wheat grain exports has made it possible to determine that Ukraine is in the top ten. The largest importers of Ukrainian wheat in Europe are Italy and Spain; Indonesia, Bangladesh and Thailand in Asia. Asia in the overall structure in the 2014-2018 average had about 49 %. Africa ranks second after Asia, with a volume of 28 %, with half imported by Egypt. The prospects for the markets of Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia for export of Ukrainian grain have been substantiated, taking into account trends in population growth, complications of natural conditions for cultivation and low transportation costs. The cost forecast of 1 wheat metric ton for the future is made. The grain market segment occupied by Ukraine according to the quality of its products is considered. The price and quality of imported and exported wheat grain in Ukraine are analyzed. The necessity of increasing the volume of mineral fertilizers application to increase the yield to prove the problem of these disproportions has been proved. Conclusions. Quality of products will become a key factor of competitiveness in the world market of wheat production in the near future. North African countries – Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia – are a promising direction for expanding global markets for Ukrainian wheat. The biggest problem for domestic producers of wheat grain is its poor quality in many parameters. To improve the quality, it is necessary to significantly increase the amount of application of minimal fertilizers. Keywords: wheat grain, world market, production, consumption, final stocks, forecast, slowdown, export, price, quality, fertilizers.

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ZAMASLO, Olga, Oleg PIDKHOMNYI, and Marta PETYK. "IDENTIFICATION OF THREATS TO THE CUSTOMS SECURITY OF THE STATE." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 4(61) (2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.04.037.

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Introduction. The rapid revitalization of integration processes worldwide, the strengthening of international economic cooperation, the intensification of export-import operations increase the impact of the customs system on the state of the national economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to use effective mechanisms of blocking and elimination of factors that undermine the customs of customs in order to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the customs system and improve the level of customs security of the state. Purpose is assessing Ukraine’s customs security indicators and identification of sources of customs danger, clarification of the role and assessment of fiscal efficiency of customs authorities in ensuring the customs security of the state, development of recommendations on elimination of the main customs threats in the context of minimization of customs risks in the context of conflict of interests of individual participants of foreign economic relations. Results. The essence of the customs security of the state is revealed, the sources and threats to the customs security are identified. The importance of the indicators of the customs security of Ukraine through the prism of the customs load on the economy of the country and the efficiency of the activity of the customs authorities during 2009–2018 are analyzed. At the same time, it should be noted that the dependence of the state budget on 2/5 of the amount of customs payments is a separate risk from the point of view of the financial security of the state. It is established that the system of customs control, first of all, is characterized by qualitative output parameters, which for the most part are outside the direct jurisdiction of the customs authorities, but which directly affect the effectiveness of the customs administration in practice. The subjective factors influencing the efficiency of the customs administration are the level of information and technical support and the procedure for the organization of customs control procedures, time spent on customs clearance of goods, the establishment of communication relations between the customs relations, the level of qualification of employees and the knowledge and observance of all participants of the FEA and customs clearance procedures. It is confirmed that the main criteria for assessing the customs security of the state should be the completeness of payment of customs duties and the frequency of detection of cases of customs offenses. VAT reimbursement for bogus exports. The customs security of the state is closely related to the customs security of the subjects of foreign economic activity when crossing the goods across the customs border and is determined by the level of well-established interaction of all subjects of customs relations. Conclusion. Proposals for implementation of priority measures in the system of improving the customs security of Ukraine are substantiated and they include coordination of actions of all state bodies on the implementation of customs control in order to eliminate the corruption component during the passage of customs and border clearance, modernization of information support and communication between employees of the customs authorities and entities activities

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Rud, Victoria. "VEGETABLE GROWING IN THE FOOD MARKET SYSTEM: PECULIARITIES, TENDENCIES, PROSPECTS." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.3-4.5.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is the analysis of the current state of vegetable production in Ukraine, identification of the main problems of its development, identification of areas for stabilization and improving the efficiency of the vegetable sub-complex in the future. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study was scientific papers on the formation and functioning of the vegetable market. The following methods were used: dialectical, abstract and logical, system analysis (theoretical generalizations and conclusions); mathematical and statistical, the method of expert assessments (when establishing a rating assessment of the level of vegetable yield). Findings. The analysis of production indicators, sown areas and yield levels of major crops for the period 2000-2019 in Ukraine, Europe and the world was carried out. The peculiarities of the development of the vegetable sub-complex in the system of the national food market are determined. Aspects of formation of food security of Ukraine on the basis of an estimation of levels of manufacture and consumption, volumes of export and import are considered. The level of food security of the country in 2015 and 2019 was determined by calculating the indicator of economic affordability of products and indicators of adequacy of consumption of different groups of products in Ukraine in 2019. The reasons of unsatisfactory condition of the vegetable sub-complex are analysed, the general strategy and priority directions of development of vegetable growing and melon growing and processing branch for the period till 2025 are stated. Originality. The study of trends in the development of the vegetable industry for the 20-year period (2000-2019) in Ukraine, CIS countries, regions of the world and a comparison of the rate of change of these indicators for this period was further developed. Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be used in the development of sectoral and regional strategic policy documents for the development of vegetable growing, as well as agricultural enterprises in determining further guidelines for their own development. Key words: food security, vegetable growing, production dynamics, consumption, innovative development.

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Krantz, Ruben, Valerio Gemmetto, and Diego Garlaschelli. "Maximum-Entropy Tools for Economic Fitness and Complexity." Entropy 20, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20100743.

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The concepts of economic fitness and complexity, based on iterative and interdependent definitions of the quality of exporting countries and exported products, have led to novel insights into the dynamics of production and trade. A key step in the calculation of these quantities is the preliminary identification of statistically relevant country-product pairs.In this paper, we propose a method that could improve the current practice of filtering based on the revealed comparative advantage, by employing the maximum-entropy principle to construct an unbiased link weight probability distribution that, unlike the traditional thresholding method, allows for the statistical assessment of empirical trade volumes. The result is an adjusted geometric distribution for trade links that refines the revealed comparative advantage approach. This allows us to define the statistical significance of each trade link weight, leading to statistically supported trade link filtering decisions. Using this statistically justified filtering method, we have obtained results that are similar in nature to those that were found without this method, even though there are significant deviations in the details. In addition, the statistical information thus obtained on each trade link allows us to perform a spectral analysis of the export portfolio of individual economies.

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Tsiligiris, Vangelis. "An adapted Porter Diamond Model for the evaluation of transnational education host countries." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-03-2017-0076.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an adapted Porter Diamond Model (PDM) that can be used by transnational education (TNE) countries and institutions as an analytical framework for the strategic evaluation of TNE host countries in terms of attractiveness for exporting higher education. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a literature review to adapt the PDM in the context of TNE host countries. A pilot study of adapted PDM is conducted for China and Malaysia. Available country data are collected via desk study. Findings The pilot application of the adapted PDM revealed no major issues or failings. Only some minor difficulties in the identification of appropriate data which can be resolved with the use of alternative metrics. The results from the analysis of the two countries indicate that China and Malaysia are both suitable TNE host countries for expanding existing and developing new activities. This also indicates that the proposed use of the adapted PDM is suitable to effectively evaluate TNE host countries. Practical implications This adapted model can be used by TNE exporting institutions and countries to access the suitability of prospective TNE host countries for education export. Also, it can be used to evaluate the future risks for existing TNE activities. TNE host countries can use the model to strengthen their attractiveness for education import or to plan of becoming education hubs. Originality/value Considering the scale and the expected growth of TNE, as well as the lack of strategic analysis tools for TNE; the proposed model provides a valuable practical tool to aid strategic planning at institutional and country level.

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Haule, Michael John. "ARTICULATING INDUSTRIAL CULTURE FOR PERFECTION OF THE CURRENT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA." Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 5 (June 3, 2020): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.2.5.3.

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Industrial culture is both a product and a mover of industrial development. The owners of industries and the workers have a long term relationship which is derived from the operation of the sector, and that constitutes industrial culture. The study was carried out through a deep literature review whereby various issues pertinent to industrial culture and development, were articulated for the identification of the highlights critical for the advancement of the industrial sector in Tanzania. A change in perception and embracing of the new culture are aspects necessary for the perfection of industrialization and industrial production systems. Industrial culture requires a new vision for industry owners, industry employees, and both the potential and actual consumers of the branded industrial goods. For industry owners, this implies a change from exporting raw materials to the export of standardized industrial products. For the consumers, a change envisaged is from the consumption of branded agro-products to the consumption of branded and standardized industrial goods. At the current onset of industrialization, the Tanzania government requires an understanding of what an industrialized country should respond to addressing cultural issues for prospective positive operation and growth of the sector. The broad agro-based industrial development scheduled for the country requires an integration of various trans-sectoral strategies extending to issues of employment, industrial planning, and spatial location of industries. As such, the main findings of the paper stresses that there is the paucity of industrial culture in Tanzania, hence the need to accommodate it for sustainable industrial development. Political readiness is essential for the selection of appropriate industrial technologies to cope with the modern production process. Cultural transformation is a necessity for the enhancement of the benefits of agglomeration and the advancement of the sector. The above are the preconditions for a move towards a meaningful and appropriate industrial path for Tanzania.

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Viviers, Wilma, Martie Lubbe, Ermie Steenkamp, and Douglas Olivier. "The Identification Of Realistic Export Opportunities For The South African Pharmaceutical Industry." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 13, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i2.8438.

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South Africa needs to advance its industrialisation process and diversify its exports if it is to enhance its global competitiveness ranking and meaningfully tackle the double scourge of unemployment and poverty. The pharmaceutical industry makes a significant contribution to the countrys economy, and has a growing international footprint. However, export activity is largely centred on Southern and Eastern Africa, while markets in other parts of the world remain largely untapped. A longstanding concern of the government has been that export market selection has not been conducted in a scientific manner. Added to this is the problem of limited resources on the part of export promotion organisations. A Decision Support Model (DSM), originally conceived by Cuyvers et al. (1995) and then developed for the South African environment by Viviers, Steenkamp, Rossouw, and Cuyvers (2009, 2010), was used in this study to identify those export opportunities with the greatest potential for the South African pharmaceutical industry. Through a systematic filtering and elimination process, the DSM revealed that there are a large number of export opportunities for South African pharmaceutical products, particularly in Western Europe, North America, and Africa. Such information constitutes an important basis for strategic decision making on the part of industry and government stakeholders.

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Kazmi, Aqdas Ali. "National Savings Rates of India and Pakistan: A Macroeconometric Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 1313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1313-1324.

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Savings provide the most important economic link between the past, present and future of a country. An adequate rate of national saving is regarded as an essential condition for achieving targets in the investment and growth rates. For these reasons,· the literature relating to savings and consumption with particular emphasis on their determinants-demographic, monetary, fiscal etc., has shown a phenomenal growth during the last half century. An up-to-date and comprehensive review of theoretical and empirical literature on savings made in Kazmi (1991) led to the conclusion that while literature on the determinants of savings (private, corporate and public) had proliferated over time, there was little work on the 'quantification offactors' causing a differential in the savings rates of two particular countries. This paper makes an attempt to fill this gap by a~opting a simple but innovative methodology which has been used for analysing the national savings rates of India and Pakistan and constitutes the following steps: (a) A regression model incorporating the major macroeconomic variables relevant for explaining the national saving behaviour was specified. (b) The estimation· of the model was instrumental in identification of the signs and magnitudes of coefficients of the variables of the model. Thus the variables could be classified in terms of their negative or positive correlation with the national saving rates. (c) The difference in the average values of the relevant macro variables of the two countries was estimated. This information as given in Table 1 for India and Pakistan for 1960-88 indicates that on an average basis Pakistan performed better than India in real growth rate, export ratio,

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Zykiene, Ineta, Rūta Laučienė, Rasa Daugėlienė, and Aistė Leskauskienė. "Strengthening Lithuanian - Latvian Cross - Border Cooperation in the Context of International Trade." European Integration Studies 1, no. 15 (September 16, 2021): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.15.29062.

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The article analyses the strengthening of the competitiveness of countries based on crossborder cooperation through the prism of international trade indicators. Due to the increase in international competition, countries, especially small economies, are finding it increasingly difficult to maintain their position in the global market and remain competitive if this position is pursued individually. It is therefore necessary to review competition strategies and reassess opportunities and competitive advantages, as well as to promote coopetition between border region companies at institutional level. The article presents a new approach to regional competitiveness, which is achieved not through the development of the competitive advantages of the regions of individual countries, but through their cooperation and thus achieving common benefits. This is particularly relevant for border regions, as their uniqueness allows them to exploit cross-border region cooperation, which can generate added value by utilising the potential of cooperating regions to complement each other and become a competitive hub for economic growth. Only a strategic partnership based on regional cooperation will promote cooperation between manufacturers in different regions and ensure the achievement of co-creation and international development goals. The article analyses the case of Lithuania and Latvia as an example of cross-border cooperation, as internationally these countries are often matched and treated as one region, but in fact they compete fiercely with each other for better positions in foreign markets. This also shows that Lithuania’s and Latvia’s foreign trade with the European Union (hereinafter - the EU) accounted for the largest share of their foreign trade. Secondary statistical data of the EU-28 Eurostat of 2010 - 2019 and Finger Kreinin, RCA, and Lafay indices were used for the study. After assessing the convergence of the Lithuanian and Latvian export structure according to the FKI index during the study and finding that the export structure of these countries is very similar, the relative comparative advantage of exports by individual product sectors was assessed on the basis of the RCA index and the comparative advantage on the basis of the LAFAY index. The study showed that both countries had comparative advantages in the same product groups. The identification of common points of contact has highlighted economic activities, the development of which could be given more attention through the cooperation between the countries, and which would ensure overall economic benefits. The article concludes with strategic recommendations and measures to promote cross-border cooperation and increase the region’s competitiveness. The article contributes to the regional economic subject literature, as the concept of cross-border region competitiveness is developed by promoting not the competition of individual regions, but their cooperation by discovering common similarities in economic development. The article presents methodological logic and empirical calculations that would allow policy makers to develop cooperation strategies with those border regions with which it is expedient to cooperate for greater economic benefits. Promoting regional development and reducing regional disparities not only between regions within the same country but also between different countries requires the patient and consistent work of governments, businesses and academia, as well as individual communities, to develop measures and initiatives to promote cross-border cooperation.

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Shekel, V. F., B. M. Kurtyak, A. I. Padovsky, and I. S. Dembitska. "Veterinary aspects of protection people`s heals and role VET departments in the sanitary food safety according to requirements OIE." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (March 2, 2018): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8371.

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The main designs of the creating services of veterinary medicine are struggle with animal diseases and realization a series of obligatory preventive measures to control the most dangerous epizootics. The function services of veterinary medicine spreads to the intermediate chain «from farm – to slaughter» and a complete final chain «from crib – to table». Over the last decades, we have been paying attention to providing food safety from usual methods of control (so-called «good practice») to the using of food safety systems (HACCP). The work of the risk management system is extremely important, it is based on the regulation of the theses of the WTO (World Trade Organization) agreement with the SPM (sanitary and phytosanitary measures). Veterinary services have an important role in the practical implementation of the risk analysis procedure. The tasks set are based on the national legislation of each country, with clear concordance with partners – participants in international trade. In veterinary services tasks includes an important role abreast farms for informing on consultancy on the elimination and control of hazards, including the sanitary safety of feed, residual medicaments and pesticides, mycotoxins and contaminants from the environment. The meat-slaughter inspection of live animals (ante mortem) and their brawns (post mortem) are very important. The Codex for Animal Health contains recommendations for the control of serious biological hazards to animal health and human health by using the above-mentioned inspections. The Codex Alimentarius Commission lead a close cooperation in the preparation of rules that guarantee the protection of food products during the chain of production. The management of the veterinary services have to own the operational systems that allow for the supervision of inspection procedures and the exchange of information in order to achieve maximum effectiveness. Worth integrating systems of animal identification, that make it possible to constantly ascertain the farm of origin as the animals themselves, as well as tracking the processing of slaughter products during the chain. An important function of veterinary services is the issuance of sanitary certificates for both internal use and for export.

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WAHYUN, WIWIN CINDYTIA, and ARJON SAMUEL SITIO. "Pest Detection Expert System And Method Using Bayes Rice Diseases." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i2.411.

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Indonesia is included in an agricultural country that is rich in agriculture, fertile land in Indonesia allows for the growth of various types of plants, one of which is rice. But in the cultivation of rice plants, it will never be separated from pests and diseases of rice plants, so that the growth of rice plants is not optimal. Due to the large number of pests and diseases that can attack rice plants, it is necessary to take proper care in dealing with pests and diseases of rice plants to avoid losses that can result in reduced production of rice plants. Therefore an expert system was created which was expected to help farmers in consulting about diseases and pests contained in their rice plants to the experts without having to meet with experts directly. In its identification, the expert system for diagnosing ahama and rice disease uses the Bayes method and uses the Website in its implementation.

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Ostashko, Tamara, and Iryna Kobuta. "Changes in world trade and trade policy in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities for Ukraine." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2020, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.03.007.

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The article analyzes the trends of world trade and features of trade policies across the world during the period of economic restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It also analyzes the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade and trade policy measures, which are applied by the government in the pandemic. Based on the identification of challenges and opportunities for the development of this country’s foreign trade during this pandemic and the analysis of forecasts and recommendations of international organizations, the authors substantiate proposals on the directions of Ukraine’s trade policy with an emphasis on the agri-food market. A comparison of world trade developments in 2020 and 2021 forecasted by international organizations is made in the article. In the first half of 2020, the world trade development was closer toward the optimistic scenario of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank scenario, but the expected second wave of the pandemic may return the world trade trend to the WTO pessimistic scenario, where the world trade could be reduced by 31,9% in 2020. The development of Ukraine's foreign trade also shows a trend close toward the more optimistic scenarios of international organizations - in the first half of 2020 the country’s foreign trade volume only decreased by 10.6% compared to the first half of 2019. In the article, the main channels of the COVID-19 impact on the world trade are indicated, namely: reduction of the production of goods and services due to restrictions on economic activity imposed by countries, disruption of global value chains, rising commercial costs, sharp decline in services, and price decrease of goods with low degree of processing. As in the rest of the world, the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are largely mitigated by the spread of digital technologies in trade, and conversely, the pandemic stimulates their development. Already in the second quarter of 2020, Ukraine’s exports of ICT services resumed growth and exceeded the pre-crisis level of the fourth quarter of 2019. The authors identify advantages and issues of accelerated digitalization of trade in a pandemic. The protection measures introduced by countries, including Ukraine, after the spread of coronavirus, are analyzed, with an emphasis on policy measures related to agri-food trade. It is proved that the limit of wheat exports during the pandemic is the result of annual memorandum of grain market players, so it cannot be considered a governmental measure restricting trade. It was also proved that the ban on the export of buckwheat introduced by the Ukrainian government, which expired on July 1, 2020, had of a rather socio-political nature, since the supply of buckwheat on the domestic market and the level of consumer prices for this product were guaranteed by import deliveries. This conclusion applies to other goods of significant social importance, whose imports increased significantly during the pandemic, especially for products of animal origin. The directions of the formation of Ukraine’s trade policy in the conditions of world trade changes and trade policies revision are determined. The spread of the trend towards country self-sufficiency in food will lead to a reduction in food chains, a decrease in import dependence, an increase in state support and, as a result, a strengthening of competitive position of domestic producers. Therefore, full and timely financing of state budgetary programs to support agriculture in Ukraine is of particular importance. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the context of the accelerated digitalization of trade as a result of the pandemic, it is necessary to rapidly develop the infrastructure that provides rural areas with high-speed fixed broadband Internet access. Along with the spread of protectionism in world trade, there is an opposite trend of liberalization of agri-food markets, typical for food-importing countries. Thus, the countries-exporters of agri-food products, which include Ukraine, will have easier access to the markets of these countries, new markets will open, and the situation on export markets will improve.

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Ostashko, Tamara, and Iryna Kobuta. "Changes in world trade and trade policy in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities for Ukraine." Economy and forecasting 2020, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.03.005.

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The article analyzes the trends of world trade and features of trade policies across the world during the period of economic restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It also analyzes the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade and trade policy measures, which are applied by the government in the pandemic. Based on the identification of challenges and opportunities for the development of this country’s foreign trade during this pandemic and the analysis of forecasts and recommendations of international organizations, the authors substantiate proposals on the directions of Ukraine’s trade policy with an emphasis on the agri-food market A comparison of world trade developments in 2020 and 2021 forecasted by international organizations is made in the article. In the first half of 2020, the world trade development was closer toward the optimistic scenario of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank scenario, but the expected second wave of the pandemic may return the world trade trend to the WTO pessimistic scenario, where the world trade could be reduced by 31,9% in 2020. The development of Ukraine's foreign trade also shows a trend close toward the more optimistic scenarios of international organizations - in the first half of 2020 the country’s foreign trade volume only decreased by 10.6% compared to the first half of 2019. In the article, the main channels of the COVID-19 impact on the world trade are indicated, namely: reduction of the production of goods and services due to restrictions on economic activity imposed by countries, disruption of global value chains, rising commercial costs, sharp decline in services, and price decrease of goods with low degree of processing. As in the rest of the world, the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine are largely mitigated by the spread of digital technologies in trade, and conversely, the pandemic stimulates their development. Already in the second quarter of 2020, Ukraine’s exports of ICT services resumed growth and exceeded the pre-crisis level of the fourth quarter of 2019. The authors identify advantages and issues of accelerated digitalization of trade in the pandemic. The protection measures introduced by countries, including Ukraine, after the spread of coronavirus, are analyzed, with an emphasis on policy measures related to agri-food trade. It is proved that the limit of wheat exports during the pandemic is the result of annual memorandum of grain market players, so it cannot be considered a policy measure restricting trade. It was also proved that the ban on the export of buckwheat introduced by the Ukrainian government, which expired on July 1, 2020, had of a rather political nature, since the supply of buckwheat on the domestic market and the level of consumer prices for this product were guaranteed by import deliveries. This conclusion applies to other goods of significant social importance, whose imports increased significantly during the pandemic, especially for products of animal origin. The directions of the formation of Ukraine’s trade policy in the conditions of world trade changes and trade policies revision are determined. The spread of the trend towards country self-sufficiency in food will lead to a reduction in food chains, a decrease in import dependence, an increase in state support and, as a result, a strengthening of competitive position of domestic producers. Therefore, full and timely financing of state budgetary programs to support agriculture in Ukraine is of particular importance. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the context of the accelerated digitalization of trade as a result of the pandemic, it is necessary to rapidly develop the infrastructure that provides rural areas with high-speed fixed broadband Internet access. Along with the spread of protectionism in world trade, there is an opposite trend of liberalization of agri-food markets, typical for food-importing countries. Thus, the countries-exporters of agri-food products, which include Ukraine, will have easier access to the markets of these countries, new markets will open, and the situation on export markets will improve.

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Khrypiuk, Viktoriia. "PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF UKRAINE’S FOOD INDUSTRY." Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2020-1-6.

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Ukraine's food industry is extremely important for the country's economy, and food production always deserves special attention in state economic policy and ensuring food security of the country. Therefore, this research is dedicated to the analysis of the main problems of development of the food processing sector of the country's economy and finding prospects for its development in the current conditions of functioning. The purpose of the article is the researching of problems of functioning and search of ways of improvement of development of Ukraine's food industry in the conditions of reorientation of process of manufacturing of branch products to more innovative and technologically advanced with high value added, taking into account modern global financial and economic, and technological trends of functioning of economy; identification of all positive and negative factors of functioning in the new conditions of the industry. Such production is considered as the main instrument of the country for improving the efficiency of development of the food industry of Ukraine in particular, and the economy of the country as a whole. In order to reach this purpose, the following objectives have been solved: the basic tendencies of development of the food processing sector of Ukraine are summarized in the context of solving global problems and challenges of the present and the directions of improving the efficiency of development of the food industry of Ukraine are justified by determining the priority of the state influence on the production and increase of export of food products with high value added. The subject of the research have been scientific, theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the problems and prospects of development of the food industry of Ukraine. The methodology of the research assumes the dialectical nature of the relationship between the development of the global economy, integration processes, structural and transformational changes in the world economy with the formation and functioning of the food processing sector of the national economy. The research is based on a systemic approach, which is a comprehensive study of the main problems of food industry development. In addition, the methods of the empirical as well as theoretical levels have been used, namely: comparative analysis is to study the development of particular branches of the food industry and the main problems inherent in a particular industry; SWOT analysis, the methodology of which is the basis for developing strategic plans at any level; statistical and economic methods are to identify trends in structural and dynamic changes in food production; abstract-logical method is for generalization of theoretical propositions, establishment of causal relationships and formation of conclusions and proposals. The article considers the objective necessity of state supporting of the food industry of Ukraine in the conditions of a market economy, in view of their unique features. The economic principles of the necessity of directing state regulation to support the development of food processing with a deeper technological process of manufacturing of innovative products with high value added, as the main tool for enhancing the development of the food industry, are formed. The results of the research and conclusions obtained can be used in the practical activity of public authorities and local self-government aimed at ensuring food security, for the development of programs for the development of food industry, in the development of state programs of socio-economic development.

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Komornicki, Tomasz, Rafał Wiśniewski, and Andrzej Miszczuk. "Delimitacja przygranicznych obszarów problemowych = The delimitation of problem border areas." Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 4 (2019): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2019.4.2.

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While border areas are usually perceived as peripheral in nature, denoting only a limited level of economic development, it is clear that a border location might also be in a position to offer measurable benefit. In that context, work described here in relation to Poland has focused in on: (1) the delimitation of border areas; and (2) an identification and subdivision of units into those whose location by a state border brings either positive or negative economic consequences. The criterion applied most often in designating border areas is administrative (cf. Kałuski, 1990), with different hierarchical levels referred to (e.g. the NUTS 3 where pursuit of the EU policy on Territorial Cooperation is concerned; or LAU 2 where the need is to designate areas characterised by small-scale border traffic, with account then taken of the criterion of distance of a given administrative unit from the border). Alongside the administrative, a second main criterion relates simply to physical distance from a border, and usually gains application in denoting a zone of particularly intensive scrutiny by the Border Guard and other state services such as the Customs Administration (e.g. in the United States). Use of this criterion actually does much to hinder scientific research, given the lack of concordance with units of administration. Neither of the divisions referred to above embraces real functional linkages, while the real-life zone of impact of a border is likely to be indicated by just such linkages, of a socioeconomic nature, and specific in the sense that other parts of a country do not manifest them (Węcławowicz et al., 2006). Such linkages would seem to offer a basis to determine, first, if border areas actually exist at all, and, second, how they can be delimited in a detailed way, by reference to multiple criteria. It is certain that a key aspect is involved here, as the attempt is made to set the benefits of a border location against the “non-benefits”. But it is clear that attention also needs to be paid to the configuration of internal interactions, as aspects of a border location become all the more unfavourable the more peripherally a given unit is located. Ultimately, it is possible to indicate which border areas are actually problem areas, and to set these apart from other areas by a border whose geographical position ensures that a border represents no barrier to development and/or does not determine peripheral status. For the above reasons, the work presented here does indeed propose a delimitation based on real economic linkage (levels of export), as well as the degree to which regional centres are accessible from the given area. The first stage of the delimitation procedure thus takes in the designation of a border area formed from a belt of Polish communes (LAU 2) “two deep”. A second stage then sees elimination from this set of those units with a favourable location vis-à-vis the nearest regional centre (s), it being assumed that the proximity of these centres helps even out any potentially negative impact of the border; as well as with a high value for the statistic regarding the value of exports to the neighbouring country (the assumption then being that such units benefit from a border location, rather than suffering as a result of it). Units left behind following the application of this procedure were deemed to be border communes of problem status, potentially in need of support if they are to develop. In the event, such units are found to be located primarily along Poland’s borders with the Russian Federation, Lithuania, Belarus and Slovakia (as opposed to Germany, the Czech Republic and Ukraine). Unsurprisingly, it is communes by the Polish-German border that are seen to benefit most from their location. The authors set other divisions and classifications already in effect against the proposal for delimitation which is offered here, along with relevant recommendations for the development of regional policy.

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Margaryta, BOІKO, BOSOVSKA Myroslava, and OKHRIMENKO Alla. "REFRAMING OF THE TOURIST BRANDING CONCEPT." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 137, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2021(137)05.

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Background. The use of innovative tools in various spheres of Ukraine’s tourist system, including in particular its branding, will provide new development opportunities in the context of the global pandemic COVID-19. Analysis of recent research and publications has shown that the problems of formation Ukraine’s national tourism brand require systematic comprehensive research despite scientific interest and practical necessity. The aim of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of reframing concept (from English reframe – to do over, to change) of tourism branding on the basis of the holistic approach. Materials and methods. The portfolio tools and methods of scientific research such as analysis, synthesis, analytical researches; systematization, decomposition and generalization were used to substantiate the concept of the national tourist brand of Ukraine, structuring of the process of tourist brand formation, descriptors identification of the brand semantic model. Results. Scientific hypotheses about the correlation between the share of problem loans in the total volume of issued loans and the ratio of individual macroeconomic indicators of the country’s development were suggested; their empirical testing was carried out. The range of proposals, based on the results of this study, was developed. It included restriction of high-risk balance and off-balance banks credit operations; introduction of the mechanism for mandatory stress testing of credit risk, taking into account key indicators that characterize the level of global misbalances; establishment of a direct relationship between the level of credit rating of the country and the degree of credit activity of its banks; establishment by the mega-regulator of the critical value of the ratio between the volume of financial assets and GDP; determination of tight credit risk standards, etc. The implementtation of these proposals will stabilize the situation in global financial markets. Conclusion. The generated national brand is a means of increasing tourist interest in Ukraine and a prerequisite for the tourist flows growth. The national brand value is not only in the feasibility to create a positive image, increase the benefits of activities in global, regional and national markets, but also in strengthening the country’s position at the international level. Global economic asymmetries in tourism are not homogeneous, therefore new impulses and new quality of tourism can be obtained through the development of the tourism branding concept, which depends on the socio-economic and cultural impact of the tourist destination, its attractiveness to potential tourists and export-oriented development model of tourism.

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Mattoo, Aaditya, Prachi Mishra, and Arvind Subramanian. "Beggar-Thy-Neighbor Effects of Exchange Rates: A Study of the Renminbi." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150293.

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This paper estimates the effect of China's exchange rate changes on exports of developing countries in third markets. The degree of competition between China and its developing country competitors in specific products and destinations plays a key role in the identification strategy. The strategy exploits variation across exporters, importers, products and time—afforded both by disaggregated trade data and bilateral exchange rates—to estimate this “competitor country effect.” There is robust evidence of a statistically and quantitatively significant effect. A 10 percent appreciation of China's real exchange rate boosts a developing country's exports at the product level on average by about 1.5–2.5 percent. (JEL F14, F31, F33, O19, O24, P33)

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Kononiuk, Anna, and Alicja Ewa Gudanowska. "DETERMINANTS OF DIFFERENTIATION FOR SELECTED COUNTY LABOUR MARKETS IN PODLASKIE VOIVODSHIP – THE APPLICATION OF THE SCENARIO METHOD." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 25, 2018): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3289.

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The main aim of the paper is to present the possibilities of scenario method use for the identification of the factors determining a different situation in selected county labour markets in Podlaskie Voivodship, Poland. The novelty posited by the authors of the paper consisted in the application of the qualitative method based on the intuitive logic school of scenario construction for the county labour markets analysis. The following pairs of poviats were subjected to the case study: Hajnowski and Bielski, Grajewski and Wysokomazowiecki, Suwalski and Sejneński. The selection of the experts of the presented case study followed the rules of researcher triangulation. The expert team consisted of representatives of labour market institutions, local government units and enterprises, which allowed for a multifaceted view on the analysed issues. The scenario method was preceded by the STEEPVL analysis. The main problem issue undertaken during the case study analysis was the identification of factors affecting the development of selected poviats and the assessment of these factors in terms of validity and uncertainty. The STEEPVL analysis and the scenario method were implemented for poviats, which in pairs of poviats occupy lower positions in the ranking of poviats in the region. The research methods applied by the authors of the paper were literature review, a case study, STEEPVL analysis and the scenario method.

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Sharma, Gajendra, and Subarna Adhikari. "Crowdsourcing for the Identification and Conservation of the Floral Diversity of Nepal: A Technological Perspective." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education 1, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.asci1265.

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Nepal is rich in biodiversity in terms of both flora and fauna. While significant effort has been given to the conservation of wild animals, rare or otherwise, same cannot be said for the floral diversity of the country. In fact, due to significant challenges, the floral diversity of the country remains largely unexplored. The system proposed in this paper tries to overcome those challenges by using technology to aid the collection of information about the floral diversity of the country by crowdsourcing at a local level, using the image data collected for the plant identification by using machine learning or through expert users/volunteers.

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Reddy, Y. V., and Subhash S. Naik. "Determinants of Goan SME Firms Going Global: Theoretical and Empirical Approach." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 36, no. 2 (April 2011): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920110204.

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Choice of entry mode has been widely recognized as one of the critical decisions in a firm's internationalization. However, most of the research primarily focuses upon Western multinational enterprises rather than Indian state small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In the past, several major theories have been proposed but none of them is able to explain the choice from the complete set of entry modes. The purpose of this research is to understand the various entry modes, improve the selection decision, and explain the entry mode strategies of Goan SME firms in the international markets. A firm can deploy a variety of arrangements (entry modes) like wholly-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, contracts, and export modes to implement its product market strategies in foreign countries. Each of these arrangements entails decisions about the location of production facilities and⁄or marketing operations, and the type of ownership of these operations. This study examines the internationalization behaviour of 200 randomly selected Goan SME firms. It examines the factors associated with each theory and seeks to integrate them to gain a better understanding of how SME businesses succeed in the international marketplace. The determinants under examination are also substantiated with the identification of several international SME entry mode models. The nine groups of determinants are: International planning experience, firm size, R&D intensity, competitive advantage, degree of standardization, demand intensity, economic development, regulation, and political risk. The proposed framework is an effort to fill the gap between theory and practice of entry mode choice. The framework is broader in scope than the extant theories because it transcends across industries and nationalities of firms. The primary objectives of the study are: (a) to identify the descriptive determinants that have been strongly associated with SME internationalization entry behaviour; and (b) to determine if the propensity of Goan SME firms will be significantly predicted using specific empirical analysis. Data for the study were obtained through a questionnaire used in numerous previous theories. The study used multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results from the hypothetical foreign market entry situation strongly support the propositions that firm-specific resources and host country factors, viewed as a source of sustainable competitive advantage, encourage involvement in foreign markets. One broad implication for managers is the importance of both analysing the characteristics of the chosen product market and critically examining the firm's capabilities in order to focus on what it does best, build upon it and, where necessary, complement this through collaboration with others.

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Kask, Kristjan, Liisa Tarkus, and Alina Harkovskaja. "Identification of Provoked State in Estonian County Court Rulings of 2006–2016." Juridica International 27 (September 30, 2018): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2018.27.10.

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In certain cases, homicide, if committed in a state of sudden extreme emotional disturbance caused by violence or insult inflicted on the killer or a person close to the killer by the victim, can be classified as manslaughter in a provoked state. The article examines the extent to which Estonian county courts apply assessments by forensic psychiatry and psychology experts in their identification of provoked state. The sample, from rulings published in the State Gazette between 2006 and 2016, was composed of 84 county court rulings, from four districts in Estonia. It was found that in two thirds of cases, forensic psychiatry and psychology experts were consulted in assessment of the presence of provoked state. Also, region-specific differences in identifying provoked state were found.

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KARPENKO, H. Yu, and K. O. KHAMID. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKET AND THE PROMOTION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION." Economic innovations 20, no. 3(68) (September 20, 2018): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.3(68).68-78.

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Topicality. The agro-industrial complex is one of the budget-filling branches of the national economy, the share of which in the consolidated budget of Ukraine in recent years is an average of 12%, and in the export structure - more than a third. The agrarian sector is part of the country's overall economic system and is linked to other sectors of the economy through complex multilateral relations. Stimulation of integration activities in the agrarian sector has a positive effect on the development of the industry. In turn, Ukraine's integration into the institutions of the world community is to create a favorable precedent, a new form of economic relations for a higher level of development. An agricultural enterprise is characterized by a mismatch of interests of agricultural producers with processors and other suppliers. Integration is to create conditions for mutual assistance for enterprises on the basis of agreed principles of beneficial relations (pricing, technological assistance at home) and coherence of interests .Purpose and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the conceptual framework for regulating the economic development of the agricultural market infrastructure and stimulate agricultural production, for example, local producers, their possibilities for geographical certification / identification and establishing links with organizations that support the work of these producers locally. Certified local eco-products can have an impact on the development of local businesses and influence other products, namely: increase their value, strengthen integration in rural areas and increase the cost of local resources. The task is also to reflect the real state and identify the problems of the agrarian sector development, stimulate the agro-industrial production in Ukraine , the definition of the competitiveness of products, the functioning of the infrastructure of the agrarian market. The methods of scientific research are used: the dialectical method of knowledge of the effect of economic laws, statistical and comparative analysis .Results. The conceptual principles of regulation of the economic development of the infrastructure of the agrarian market and stimulation of agro-industrial production, on the example of local producers, their possibilities for geographical certification / identification and establishment of connections with the organizations supporting the work of these producers at the local level are considered. The author's interpretation of the agro-food market as the system of institutions and economic relations providing the processes of production in the agrarian sector, exchange, sale and consumption of food products is presented. The issues of agrarian production that are solving a complex of problems of social and ecological nature are studied, since the domination of only economic interests causes irreparable damage to the environment, affects the quality of life of citizens, indirectly reduces the level of food security of the country and, as a result, destroys the national security of the state. The theoretical and methodological principles of sustainable development concept are systematized taking into account the peculiarities of its branch implementation.Conclusions. In order to improve the development of the infrastructure and the functioning of the agrarian sector in the production of products, these surveys serve as a benchmark for the adoption of managerial decisions regarding the directions of increasing production and the competitiveness of agro-industrial products. The Institute for Certification of Local Eco-Products will influence the development of organic production, increase the value of such products, increase integration in rural areas and increase the cost of eco-products.

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Pacheco, Carlos Eduardo, María Inmaculada Aguado, and Danilo Mollicone. "Identification and characterization of deforestation hot spots in Venezuela using MODIS satellite images." Acta Amazonica 44, no. 2 (June 2014): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672014000200004.

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Land cover changes over time as a result of human activity. Nowadays deforestation may be considered one of the main environmental problems. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize changes to forest cover in Venezuela between 2005-2010. Two maps of deforestation hot spots were generated on the basis of MODIS data, one using digital techniques and the other by means of direct visual interpretation by experts. These maps were validated against Landsat ETM+ images. The accuracy of the map obtained digitally was estimated by means of a confusion matrix. The overall accuracy of the maps obtained digitally was 92.5%. Expert opinions regarding the hot spots permitted the causes of deforestation to be identified. The main processes of deforestation were concentrated to the north of the Orinoco River, where 8.63% of the country's forests are located. In this region, some places registered an average annual forest change rate of between 0.72% and 2.95%, above the forest change rate for the country as a whole (0.61%). The main causes of deforestation for the period evaluated were agricultural and livestock activities (47.9%), particularly family subsistence farming and extensive farming which were carried out in 94% of the identified areas.

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Dudar, Taras. "Development of beekeeping in Ukraine; successes achieved, the need for marketing cooperation in the industry, the strategy of the honey business." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(96) (July 10, 2020): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.02.036.

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Introduction. Beekeeping is one of the traditional and most ancient branches of Ukrainian agriculture, which is engaged in breeding bees and obtaining from them honey and other beekeeping products. From ancient times for Ukrainian peasants, honey was one of the main goods in the trade of that time and a separate source of profit. In modern conditions, beekeeping performs a very important intersectoral multifaceted function, as the obtained bee honey and beekeeping auxiliary products (royal jelly, wax, propolis, bee venom, pollen) are widely used in more than 40 industries, as well as in medicine, sculpture, painting. Today, Ukrainian beekeeping is a sphere of economic activity that not only provides employment but also forms a market for the industry, gives the opportunity to develop in this type of agribusiness, both domestic and foreign markets. Its foundation is not only the fact that Ukraine accounts for about 6% of world honey production, but also the fact that consumer demand for Ukrainian honey on the world market is growing dynamically, and as a result, our country is in the TOP-3 largest world exporters of bee honey. The aim of the study is a systematic analysis of the dynamics of production and sale of honey as the main product of beekeeping in Ukraine, identification of the main economic and environmental factors shaping the demand for bee honey, substantiation of strategic guidelines for further development of beekeeping for decent competition in domestic and global honey markets. Results. It is established that the main market for Ukrainian honey is the EU countries, among which the largest consumers are Germany and Poland. In second place after the EU, the US became the buyer of domestic beekeepers. It is indicated that in order to expand export quotas for the supply of honey to EU countries, its entry into new segments of the world market, an important factor is the streamlining of the honey business. It is emphasized that due to the instability and existing challenges of the foreign honey market, the strategy of domestic beekeeping should be focused not on increasing the number of bee colonies and gross honey production, but on a more stable domestic market and modern honey processing technologies. It is argued that in order to create better conditions for the sale of beekeeping products by small and medium-sized agricultural producers, which as a result of pooling resources in cooperatives, will be able to use the latest technologies, form their marketing channels and thus strengthen their position in the agricultural food market. Prospects. The study of the honey business system, improving the quality of bee honey are necessary areas of further research in beekeeping in Ukraine, because these important components deserve special attention in further adaptation of the beekeeping industry to international standards and trade conditions.

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Das, Prosenjit. "An Evaluation of the Determinants of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Indian Information Technology Industry: An Application of DEA-based Malmquist Index." Central European Review of Economics and Management 1, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.566.

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Aim: India has emerged as one of the most favoured destinations in the global Information Technology (IT) outsourcing market. On the other hand, the IT industry has been playing an instrumental role in transforming India’s image from a low income-backward nation to a knowledge-based economy. Furthermore, the role of IT industry has been pivotal in putting India on a higher growth path. In addition, India’s IT industry has been showing robust performance in revenue earning, particularly in export revenue. However, the performance of this industry is likely affected by some recent global phenomena, such as 2008’s subprime crisis originated in the US, uncertainties in changes in H1-B visa rules, Britain’s exit from the EU, automation etc. There are other factors, like exchange rate volatility, emerging competition from other low-cost outsourcing destination countries, are also posing threat to India’s IT-outsourcing business. Against this backdrop, it is crucial to analyse the sustainability of performance of Indian IT industry. Thus, the present study aims at assessing the performance of Indian IT industry and evaluating the determinants of performance thereafter.Design / Research methods: To realize the objectives of the study, firm level data has been collected from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database. For empirical analysis, we have applied a two-stage method. In the first-stage, we have used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) to evaluate the Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) of Indian IT industry during the period from 2004-05 to 2014-15. For this purpose, a balanced panel consists of 70 IT firms has been considered. Further, the TFPG has been decomposed into three components, viz. Catch-up, frontier-shift, and scale efficiency change (SEC). Consequently, in the second-stage, three random-effects panel regression models are considered to investigate the determinants of TFPG, catch-up, and frontier-shift separately. Conclusions / findings: During the study period, the average TFP and frontier-shift has been improved. On the other hand, catch up effect is found to have declined. The variables, such as export intensity, salaries and wages intensity have positive and statistically significant impact on the catch-up and frontier-shift. Export intensity has positive impact on TFPG. Age of the firms has positive impact on catch-up and TFPG. Salaries and wages intensity has positive impact on TFPG. On an average, the firms which spent on research and Development (R&D) have experienced improvement in TFPG and frontier-shift. The public limited firms performed better than their private counterparts in terms of catch-up, frontier-shift, and TFPG. The non-group firms have performed better than the group firms in case of catch-up. On the other hand, on an average, the firms exhibiting decreasing Returns to Scale (DRS) are found to have registered deterioration in catch-up and TFPG with respect to the benchmark firms which are exhibiting Constant Returns to Scale (CRS). The firms exhibiting Increasing Returns to Scale (IRS) have shown improvement in catch-up and TFPG over the benchmark CRS firms. The impact of the US subprime crisis has been negative on catch-up, frontier-shift, and TFPG. The firms, which have spent on royalty, have experienced improvement in catch-up and TFPG. Originality / value of the article: So far in our knowledge, not so many studies of this kind have been done in the arena of empirical research pertains to the IT industry, especially in a developing country like India. Moreover, we have not found any study that covers the span of the dataset considered in the present study. In addition to this, the present study has employed a random-effects panel model to accommodate a number of time-invariant dummy variables which would not be possible in case of a fixed-effects panel model incorporated by some previous studies of this genre.Implications of the research: The identification of the determinants of TFPG and its components would help the stakeholders and policy makers of the IT industry to formulate appropriate policies which could mitigate the risks faced by the industry on one hand, and stimulate the forces that would enhance the growth of this industry on the other. For instance, to mitigate future risks, Indian IT industry should reduce its dependence on the US and UK markets. Besides, it should explore new markets in the EU, and other emerging economies where opportunities are plenty. To maintain India’s robust global position in the long run, Government of India should play the key role in providing world class infrastructure and telecommunication facilities to its IT industry. In addition to this, Government needs to rationalise and simplify the existing Indian labour law to facilitate the business of IT industry. Various stakeholders along with the Government should put necessary efforts to develop the domestic IT market as there exists ample of opportunities in future. Keywords: information technology industry, data envelopment analysis, Malmquist productivity index, random-effects model, total factor productivity, catch-up, frontier-shift, India. JEL: C23, C61, L86, O47

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Susanti, Sri, and Olven Manahan. "Disease Diagnosis Expert System At Chili Plants Using Bayes Method." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i2.432.

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The state of Indonesian is a country with a large part of the population earning a leaving in the agricultural sector, the agricultural sector in Indonesian contributis quite a lot in the development of long-term economic development. The role of the agricultural sector is as a source of producing ba sic foodstuffs, clothing and shalter, providing employment, and contributing to high national income. Chile is one of the agricultural commodities that are needed in daily life, Because this commodity has many benefits. Often Farmers detect disease that is wrong. To detect disease in precisely requires expert or expert in agriculture. The number of expert agricultural expert can not Overcome the problem of chili farmers, so it is needed a system where the system can help the work of an expert. In the expert system Dease In These chili diagnosing plant identifications using Bayes method in process. This expert system is implemented a in the form of a website the which aims to Facilitate access and use.

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ESMAELNEJAD, Morteza. "IDENTIFICATION OF THE GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF AFGHANISTAN, A CASE STUDY: BAMIYAN COUNTY." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 36, no. 2spl (June 30, 2021): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.362spl10-692.

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Afghanistan is a wilderness and varied country in the geo-tourism sector. The aim of this study was to investigate the capabilities of geotourism and also to identify the capacities of geotourism development in Bamiyn province. In this area model Hadžić et al (2010) has been used, the survey was conducted using 20 tourists and 5 experts. Geographic information system were effectively used for identification of the potential ecotourism sites. It is the indicator of a vast range of geological and geomorphic forms in Bamyan state. The result indicates that the study area has strengths and opportunities for the development of geotourism that are not well identified and introduced.

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Carvalho, Henrique Duarte, and Henrique Terra Fonseca. "A MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS OF LOGISTICS STRUCTURE AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVENESS." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 14, no. 1 (May 26, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2017.v14.n1.a10.

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The importance of logistics structure to economies is becoming increasingly significant and in order to support the economic growth based on exports, governments have sought to constantly improve the quality of logistics infrastructure of their countries, ensuring and promoting competitiveness of its production internationally. The consensus is that the logistics structure forms a vital link in the entire chain of trade, contributing to the international competitiveness of a country. This study aims to characterize the country as its logistics structure and relationship of this result to the promotion of competitiveness for them by relevance participation in world trade. To reach that goal the methodological procedure was performed a literature search and analysis of secondary data. Initially, through the identification and validation of data for countries and hence the application of multivariate data analysis methods to measure dimensions that allow such classification, planning, and especially the identification of dimensions of logistics infrastructure components in terms of promotion competitiveness.

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Jankauskiene, Danguole, and Gintare Petronyte. "A MODEL FOR HTA PRIORITY SETTING: EXPERIENCE IN LITHUANIA." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 29, no. 4 (October 2013): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462313000470.

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Objectives: To promote the further development of HTA, this study aims to design a model for HTA priority setting, which would address national needs for a country with little experience in the field of HTA, and assess its feasibility for the health system.Methods: Literature search and review, as well as qualitative research have been used in the design and testing of the model for HTA priority setting. To test the model and the methodology, a three-round Delphi study was conducted in 2011 in the form of an electronic questionnaire, which was distributed to the panel of eleven national experts. The panel was composed of experts representing various fields of the health care sector: policy-makers, health care service professionals and academics, with diverse professional roles.Results: The designed model consists of four stages: (i) selection of experts for the panel, (ii) indication and selection of health policy topics, (iii) identification of health technologies, and (iv) priority setting. Three rounds of the Delphi study were performed to test the model and reach expert consensus on a list of health technologies for assessment, including pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical devices, diagnostic methods, public health interventions, organizational systems, etc.Conclusions: Based on the Delphi technique as a method for consensus building, the model for HTA priority setting was developed for Lithuania; however, it could also be used for other countries with little experience in the field of HTA.

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Prianto, Eko, Reny Puspasari, Dian Oktaviani, Priyo Suharsono Sulaiman, and Regi Fiji Anggawangsa. "PEMANFAATAN IKAN NAPOLEON (Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell 1835) MELALUI SISTEM PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA DI KABUPATEN NATUNA." Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 11, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.11.2.2019.101-111.

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Indonesia merupakan salah satu daerah penyebaran dan pengekspor ikan napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell 1835) di dunia. Pemanfatan jenis ikan ini telah diatur baik ditingkat nasional yang dilindungi terbatas berdasarkan ukuran dan ditingkat internasional masuk di dalam daftar Appendiks II CITES. Salah satu kabupaten di Indonesia yang memiliki sumber daya ikan napoleon melimpah adalah Kabupaten Natuna. Pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan napoleon dengan cara membesarkan anakan yang ditangkap dari alam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan pemanfaatan dan opsi pengelolaan sumber daya ikan napoleon di Kabupaten Natuna. Metodologi pengumpulan data dan informasi dilakukan dengan studi literatur yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan, kegiatan pemanfaatan ikan napoleon di Kabupaten Natuna terdiri atas penangkapan benih di alam dan pembesaran di karamba. Kedua kegiatan tersebut merupakan sebagai rangkaian kegiatan yang tidak terpisahkan sehingga membentuk sistem perikanan budidaya. Hasil identifikasi terhadap kode sumber produksi hasil kegiatan budidaya ikan napoleon di Kabupaten Natuna sebagai penangkaran (ranching/”R”). Oleh karena itu, volume kuota ekspor ikan napoleon dari Kabupaten Natuna diberikan di luar volume kuota yang selama ini berlaku. Pengembangan sistem budidaya tersebut harus mempertimbangkan prinsip kehati-hatian di dalam penangkapan anakan dari alam. Keadaan ini perlu dilakukan upaya pengelolaan yang tepat melalui: i) pembatasan ukuran anakan ikan yang ditangkap; ii) membentuk kawasan suaka perikanan; iii) restoking hasil budidaya ke alam; iv) pengendalian penangkapan dan v) pengembangan kelembagaan pemanfaat.Indonesia is one of the distribution regions and exporter country of napoleon fish (Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell 1835) in the world. The utilization of this species has been regulated at the national level with limited protection based on size and at the international level included in the CITES Appendix II. Natuna waters are one of distribution area of napoleon fish in Indonesia, where it could be found in the high abundance. Utilization of napoleon resources by raising juvenile were captured from nature. The aim of this paper is to described the utilization activities and management options of napoleon in Natuna Regency. Data and information were collected through literature study then descriptively analized. Result showed that the sea ranching activity are divided into two main steps, there are catch of juvenile in nature and growing up the juvenile in cage. The both of these activities are as a series of activities that are inseparable part, so establish aquaculture system. Identification results to the source code of aquaculture activity production of napoleon in Natura Regency as a rancing/R. Therefore, the quota volume of napoleon export from Natuna regency is given outside the quota volume that has been in force. The development of the aquaculture system must consider the precautionary principle in the capturing juvenile from nature. To improve the management measures of napoleon fish in Natuna waters, the sea ranching activity is need to be combined with: i) limitation of fish size caught in nature, ii) develop napoleon fish sanctuary in nature to protect napoleon fish brooder, iii) restocking of sea ranched fish, iv) effort control, v) governance development of napoleon fish stake holder.

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Svankulov, A. "USE OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE IN FORENSIC EXPERTISE. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2019): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.38.

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The article describes the use of linguistic and psychological knowledge in the forensic expert activity of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an independent form of complex psychological and philological research where experts who obtained knowledge in the field of psychology and philology take part. During the implementation of this type of research, research methods have been developed that are included in the State Register of Methods of Forensic Research of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, the article states that further development of this area in forensic expert activities will contribute to the formation of a new type of research – Forensic Religious Expertise. The direct application of linguistic knowledge in conducting forensic expertises is subdivided into five areas, such as: expert examination of real works on charges of extremist activity, as well as on charges of violating racial, religious, national and social hate and hostility, linguistic examination of advertising texts and treaties, linguistic expert examination of trademarks, verbal study of crimes related to the propaganda of extremism and terrorism, in the investigation of corruption crimes, fraud, extortion. The article also shows the connection of the linguistic expertise with other types, for example, with a judicial video phonography examination, in case of the need for identification of the speaker by verbal speech on the phonogram under study, during the author’s examination for the authorship of the text, in the psychological and forensic expertise – for the solution of question of the learned speeches of the suspect, other persons during the interrogation, other investigative actions. The author presents the results of a comparative analysis of the use of linguistic knowledge abroad, in particular, in the UK. Its peculiarity is that linguistic research is carried out at scientific educational centers of the humanitarian orientation. The following directions in linguistic studies conducted in this country are considered: a) forensic authore-identification, the essence of which is the determining the authorship of oral or written text, individual characteristics of the author (age, way of life, religious and political views, nationality, gender, profession, etc., b) forensic phonetics which involves the use of phonetics and phonology – sections of linguistics, c) forensic stylistics aimed at solving issues related to the plagiarism of the semantic content of the texts, while the author states that in Kazakhstan the decision on this issue is assigned to the competence of authore-identification examination, d) discourse analysis as the most promising type of research at present, is connected with research of written, verbal text in combination with non-verbal means of communication (gestures, facial expressions). Key words: legal linguistics, discourse, psychological and philological examination, forensic authore-identification, products of speech activity, linguistic research, psychological research.

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Valmohammadi, Changiz, and Ali Ghassemi. "Identification and prioritization of the barriers of knowledge management implementation using fuzzy analytical network process." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 46, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-08-2015-0046.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers of knowledge management (KM) implementation in Alborz Province industrial Parks Corporation and prioritize them using fuzzy analytical network process (FANP). Design/methodology/approach Through an in-depth review of the literature on KM and researcher findings from observations and interviews with experts, the main barriers of KM implementation, namely, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resource, technology and miscellaneous factors along with their related factors in the surveyed organization were identified. Then, based on the information gathered, an expert questionnaire was developed. Finally, the priority of each main barrier and their sub-factors were determined using FANP. Findings The results show that human resource and organizational culture factors with the weights of 0.66 and 0.22, respectively, have the highest ranking and therefore are the most important barriers. The technology factor with the weight of 0.00002 is the least important barrier in implementing KM in the surveyed corporation. Research limitations/implications One of the limitations of this study is the generalizability of the findings, which may be limited by the single case study method used. Originality/value There are fewer studies about KM barriers specifically with a focus on prioritizing them in organizations, especially in the context of Iran as a developing country. This study develops a comprehensive and solid mathematical technique to prioritize the identified barriers of KM implementation in the context of Iran.

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Christenson, Dino P., Jennifer Lin, and Todd Makse. "Ask Only What Your Country Can Do for You: Group Interests, Constituency Characteristics and Demands for Representation." American Politics Research 49, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x20961028.

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Providing representation entails making choices about prioritizing the needs of diverse groups within one’s constituency. While citizens cannot reasonably expect that representatives will cater to their particular interests or priorities all the time, we know little about citizens’ expectations in this regard. In this paper, we present the results of two survey experiments that probe the relationship between citizens’ group identifications, their perceptions of their constituencies, and their demands regarding representation. We find that citizens are generally egocentric, in that they expect a representative to cater to personally relevant interests even when such interests are not an important part of the representative’s constituency. Moreover, we find that this egocentrism is not mitigated through the provision of information about the district’s diversity or composition, indicating that voter ignorance about the nature of constituencies is not the primary cause of these expectations. Regardless of sophistication, we observe expectations that are unrealistically self-centered.

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Zubrzycki, Waldemar. "Contribution of the Police Academy in Szczytno to Counter-terrorist Activities." Internal Security Special Issue (June 1, 2020): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1576.

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One of the state entities which have the task of preventing and combating terrorism is the Police, while the Police Academy in Szczytno is their intellectual base. It is not only an organisational unit of the Police, but also a higher education institution with legal personality. This status entitles it to teach at different levels of civilian higher education, as well as conduct in-service training for police officers. Education in the area of terrorist threats and counteracting them is aimed, on the one hand, at making the students aware of the scale of such threats and their accurate identification, as well as the ways of responding to them by the state and its institutions, and, on the other hand, at learning specific reflexes that will allow anyone who finds themselves in an area threatened by a terrorist attack to quickly assess the resulting threat and to react immediately. The goals set in this way are reflected in the employment structure of the academy, which includes specialist organisational units, and among the scientific and teaching staff are experts, including practitioners, who in the past carried out the tasks of the state at different levels of the system for counteracting terrorist threats. They systematically participate in scientific undertakings, including research projects, scientific conferences and publication work, participate in the work of expert teams, both national and international, and cooperate extensively with external entities. The result of their multidimensional activities is shaping and deepening social awareness of terrorist threats and desired attitudes towards them, as well as appropriate preparation of police officers, but also other services, to safely perform tasks related to the elimination of terrorist threats.

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Khoso, A. R., J. S. Khan, R. U. Faiz, M. A. Akhund, A. Ahmed, and F. Memon. "Identification of Building Failure Indicators." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2872.

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A most frequent problem in the construction industry of Pakistan is the failure of structures, especially buildings, before their expected design life. Structural failure in buildings at the time of construction or after completion may result in human casualties, waste of money, social disturbance, and clashes, and claims between stakeholders. Many researches have already been conducted about key causes which lead a structure to fail at later stages. This research is pursuing to analyze early building failure indicators (BFIs) in Pakistan. Indicators and causes emerged from a thorough literature review, past projects, and site visits of various projects in Pakistan. The causes were grouped in sets of BFIs with the consent of structural experts. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS using mean value. Critical reasoning and conceivable recommendations are suggested by the opinion of experienced stakeholders having worked at various projects in Pakistan. The identification of these indicators is a key interest research topic for the country, as it would possibly reduce the failures of buildings in the future, saving lives, money, time, and conflicts among stakeholders.

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Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea, Iñaki, Leonor Varela-Lema, Elena Baños, Setefilla Luengo-Matos, Aurora Llanos, Mar Polo-Desantos, Isabel Prieto, et al. "VP32 Improving The Efficiency Of Early Awareness For Non-Drugs In Spain." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700321x.

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INTRODUCTION:Early awareness and alert systems (EAAS) try to anticipate the impact of new technologies in the healthcare systems. Spain, which has a decentralized health system with public provision and universal health coverage, has been a pioneer in establishing EAAS activities. From 2006 a network of regional agencies coordinated EAAS activities. Taking into account the individual agencies scarce resources and in order to improve efficiency, this collaboration decided to distribute tasks when identifying and early assessment of new and emerging health technologies. The aim was to inform the common benefit package of the Spanish public health system.METHODS:Four out of eight Spanish Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies had EAAS in Spain (AETS-Carlos III Institute; AETSA-Andalusia; Avalia-t-Galicia; Osteba-Basque Country). Each agency has taken care of different sources for the identification of new and emerging non-drug health technologies: industry and innovator contacts, health expert networks, mass media and EAAS databases. Members of the network used the same filtration criteria to reach the final list. The system will run in parallel to a biannual identification process in major databases.RESULTS:In 2016, the network identified and filtered sixty-three technologies: ten by mass media; five by health experts; thirty-five other EAAS and thirteen by direct contact with industry and innovators. Main represented specialties were: endocrinology (seven); gynecology and obstetrics (six); cardiology and cardiac surgery (five); emergency medicine (four); dermatology (three) and pneumology (three). Technologies were grouped by specialty in order to inform the different commissions that discuss inclusion in the Spanish Benefit Package. Specialty monographs will be published to inform stakeholders.CONCLUSIONS:The approach is feasible, and increases the capacity of individual agencies to address the needs of the national and regional systems by improving their efficiency. There is a need to previously define the methods and the criteria that will be used for the identification and filtration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Export country identification'

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