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1
Rykova, Inna, and Denis Taburov. "Tools Improvement for Stimulating Investment Attractiveness of the Energy Complex of Russia." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 3. Ekonomika. Ekologija, no. 1 (March 2019): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu3.2019.1.9.
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The article deals with the investment forecast for the energy sector of Russia in the long term for the period up to 2030, analyzes the dynamics and identifies cause-effect relationships. The hypothesis of growth of investment attractiveness is formed on the basis of revenue assessment of the largest companies of the fuel and energy complex of Russia. The authors describe the possibilities for the use of financial instruments for the development of the real sector of the economy. The indicators of evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects in the field of oil exploration and production are given. The potential of the world leaders in the field of oil supply to the international energy market is studied. Methods, forms and sources of financing of the real sector of economy are defined. The measures to stimulate economic growth and increase the investment attractiveness of the studied industry are recommended. The analysis of the oil and gas complex is carried out on the following economic indicators: criteria of return on capital and sales, coefficients of business activity, financial leverage, liquidity and capitalization of assets of companies operating in a single industry. This made it possible to identify inefficient producers of raw materials whose investment strategies are in dire need of adjustment and optimization of sources of financing. As a result of the study, proposals are formulated to redistribute investments into more profitable segments of the extractive industry, to combine the mechanisms of taxation of mineral extraction with the extraction of economic benefits from the expansion of the range of export duties levied on foreign trade operations. The article traces the economically significant idea of the need to modernize infrastructure organizations, the construction of new facilities in the activities of generating industries based on the optimization of investment flows in the companies of the real sector of the economy. As a result of the research, the authors substantiate the proposals for linking the economic growth of the country with the processes of investment in oil production and exploration taking into account the elimination of imbalances in the structure of revenue and capital.
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Lyulyov, Oleksii V., and Bogdan A. Moskalenko. "Assessment of Country Investment Attractiveness Evaluation Approaches." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 4 (2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.86.12.
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Investment attractiveness of a country, and approaches to its evaluation have been thoroughly debated over few last decades. Initially, the key question concerned the reasons as to why large number of resource holders (financial funds, technologies, management systems etc.) would locate their assets, especially research and development projects, in other countries rather than remaining in their home economies. Increasing the quantity and quality of contacts with developed countries within investment process is crucially important for the development of Ukrainian economy. As follows from that point, the authors have identified features of approaches to investment attractiveness evaluation on a macroeconomic level analyzing latest works of scientists and researchers around the world. It is believed, that the most valuable type of investments for future GDP growth is funds from multinational corporations: they bring not only money, but technologies, and decision how make new businesses profitable. Thus, the fundamental consideration for countries competing for investments is the influencing and improvement of such factors through effective investment incentives policies. Within this work, we researched recent studies of investment attractiveness evaluation around the world, and assumed key points for improving and applying those approaches in Ukrainian economy. Within literature analysis the authors structured approaches to the evaluation based on the methods and subjects those approaches used. The most common methods are related to econometric analysis of statistical data that is collected and published by international institutions and rating agencies. Current analysis shows a tangible dependence between country investment attractiveness and the dynamics of FDI inflows. This dependence is not always straightforward, which is explained by influence of many other determinants within decision-making process. The authors suggest that involving independent experts from respective sectors of the economy could help to optimize the results of statistical data analysis. The expert survey provides the necessary correction coefficients which are to increase the accuracy and relevance of the investment attractiveness evaluation. The authors proposed a generalized approach to assessing the country investment attractiveness, taking into account international experience and features of the Ukrainian economy. Key words: investments, country investment attractiveness, foreign direct investment, investment attractiveness evaluation.
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Borodin, Alex, Manuela Tvaronavičienė, Irina Vygodchikova, Galina Panaedova, and Andrey Kulikov. "Optimization of the Structure of the Investment Portfolio of High-Tech Companies Based on the Minimax Criterion." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 4647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154647.
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A model has been developed for the optimization of the share structure of an investment portfolio in high-tech projects supported by the leaders of the leading industry companies in Russia. Several indicators (financial leverage, integrated rating of companies, industry rating) were applied in the decision support system for the shared distribution of investments. High-tech production is based on innovative technologies for saving resources, the resiliency of systems for transporting and transferring raw materials and finished products within Russia, so the main income will remain within the country. It is possible to export high-tech products, rather than raw materials, which will increase export revenues. Investors will invest in high-tech projects of Russian companies, taking into account the targeting of investment development. The guarantee is the stable financial position of the companies and the competitiveness rating. Methods: The authors propose a new approach that does not contradict modern rating scales, based on a hierarchical rating procedure and fuzzy logical rules that allow you to build an integral rating in the form of portfolio shares from the whole. A higher share shows an indicator of the higher investment attractiveness of companies. The industry rating is obtained based on the principle of the company’s first affiliation to the highest rating indicator. The final minimax portfolio is based on the initial ratings in a circular convolution and is then adjusted by industry. A software package has been compiled that allows the testing of the method of capital allocation between investment projects for the largest companies’ leaders of high-tech industries in Russia. This software uses the author’s method of multi-stage analysis, the evaluation of financial coefficients, the integral ranking and the correction of the solution taking into account the industry attributes. Results: The results are presented with computer-aided design (CAD) in the form of an algorithmized decision support system (DSS). The CAD system is based on a hierarchical algorithm, based on the use of a multi-level redistribution of investment shares of high-tech companies, taking into account the adaptation to the requirements of the return on investment portfolio. When compiling the portfolio, the minimax optimality criterion is applied, which allows the stabilization of the risk by purposefully redistributing funds between the companies involved in the analysis. The authors of the article have compiled an algorithm for the software implementation of the model. Features of the rating approach: the use of the author’s mathematical apparatus, which includes a hierarchical analysis of the ranked indicators of the financial and economic activity of companies, taking into account their priority, and the use of a minimax approach to obtain a rating assessment of companies, taking into account the industry attributes. Development: The proposed approach should be used for targeted financing of large industry companies engaged in the implementation of high-tech projects.
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Lyulyov, O. V., and B. A. Moskalenko. "PROBLEMS OF EVALUATION AND INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS MANAGEMENT AT THE MACROECONOMIC LEVEL." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2020): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.1-24.
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Analysis of the dynamics of the movement and structure of investment resources allows us to determine how competitive a sector of the national economy is in attracting foreign investment and identify problems before they affect the related macroeconomic indicators. The article examines the factors influencing FDI inflows and their interaction with public authorities. Based on the data of the quality of political institutions (WGI), developed with the participation of representatives of the World Bank, a basis for assessing the investment attractiveness of Ukraine was formed. As part of a study of international experience in assessing investment attractiveness, the authors analyzed current approaches to assessing the impact of political institutions on the dynamics of FDI and concluded on the qualitative characteristics of political institutions. Due to the limited supply of quality investment resources, the study of the assessment of the investment potential of the national economy is an important aspect of the implementation of domestic socio-economic policy. The study of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of the economy of Ukraine allowed to form a set of indices that have a significant impact on decision-making by potential investors. The authors proposed an approach to determining investment attractiveness based on the analysis of the dynamics of quantitative indicators of the state of the economy and quality indicators of public administration. The proposed model allows to assess the impact of each of the factors on the dynamics of FDI, to identify problems that demotivate the inflow of investment resources and to develop recommendations for investment policy management at the state level. Analysis of the dynamics of the movement and structure of investment resources allows us to determine how competitive a sector of the national economy is in attracting foreign investment and identify problems before they affect the related macroeconomic indicators. The authors' approach to assessing investment attractiveness takes into account most of the main determinants of FDI. In the analysis of the literature, it was decided to take into account not only quantitative statistics, but also the results of a survey of experts, which should have avoided the bias associated with the problem of non-consideration of variables. Further development of improving the assessment of investment attractiveness of the country by updating the list of determining factors and indicators influencing the movement of FDI, and ranking of indicators of investment attractiveness using the methods of expert assessments.
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Bazhanov, Victor A., Lyudmila S. Veselaya, and Iina I. Oreshko. "Assessment of the export potential of Russian engineering." World of Economics and Management 20, no. 1 (2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2020-20-1-5-19.
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The article attempts to assess the possible parameters of the state of mechanical engineering in Russia in the event of a significant increase in the export of its products provided for by the national project "International Cooperation and Export". The evaluation of the parameters is based on the premise that an increase in the export of engineering products will entail an increase in the volume of its production (provided that there is no decrease in domestic consumption) in the country, which in turn will necessitate a possible re-equipment and reconstruction of existing industries and the creation of new ones. In addition, increasing the output of competitive high-tech products will require increased R&D and the creation of related organizations. All this in total may require significant investment. Evaluation of hypothetical investments in the implementation of intentions to increase the export of engineering products was carried out according to the table of use of domestic products at basic prices from the Rosstat system of input-output tables. At the same time, the original table was transformed into a worksheet with the inclusion of the investment unit, as a result of calculations on which, apart from hypothetical investments equal to the difference between the initial and estimated values of fixed assets, the impact on the output of economic activities related to engineering was determined.
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Mamo, Gezahagn Dugassa. "Assessment on Impact of Live Animal Export on Meat Export Performance in Ethiopia; Policy Implications." Business and Management Studies 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v5i3.4467.
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Ethiopia has one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. Due to lack of livestock market structure, performances, prices are poor and inadequate for designing policies and marketing system, the sector has remained stagnant. Despite fluctuation over years, the exports of meat (16,877 tonnes) and live animals (472,041 head) have significantly increased in 2010 -2012 Ethiopian Fiscal Year (EFY), recording 69 % increment from the previous years (kefyalew,2011). In 2018/19 EFY live animal contributes 33% of the earning, while 67 % was obtained from meat export (ERCA, 201819). However, lack of export routes and ports, illegal live animal trade, shortage of live animal and lack of appropriate breeding programs are some of the main challenges faced to the sector (kefaylew,2011). The presence of large livestock population with diverse and adaptable genotypes, and diverse agro-ecologies for production of different types of livestock; expansion of agro-industries and the increase of by product feedstuffs allowing for enhanced productivity; proximity of the middle east countries, high demand for meat and live animals including the domestic market are some of the opportunities that the sectors have. Therefore, the country would have been benefited more from the sector if the aforementioned challenges have been overcome. (Ameha,2011)
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Yakushev, N. "Assessment of Export Specialization of Small and Medium Enterprises in Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 7, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2019-23-34.
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The ability to implement strategic priorities in regional development and the activation of export activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are necessary conditions for the successful solution of economic problems in the framework of the National project “Small and medium-sized enterprises and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative” adopted at the end of December 2018. The aim of the study is to assess the export specialization of small and medium-sized businesses in the region to further develop a unified approach to promoting the development of SME exports in the direction of stimulating the non-resource segment. The article presents the results of the study of export specialization of small and medium enterprises in the Russian Federation. Aspects of the theory of entrepreneurship in the context of exports are studied and reflected. The key characteristics of the component of export orientation in the sale of products on the international market are analyzed. The article presents an approach to the characteristics of the specialization of exports in the all-Russian comparison, which allows a more objective assessment of this specialization of the region with the possibility of further development and prioritization in a particular segment of manufacturing industries. The export specialization of the SME sector in the Russian regions broken down by segment groups is shown. The analysis of the structural features of the export of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regional context. In conclusion, the conclusions are drawn and the directions of export development of small and medium-sized businesses at the regional level are proposed. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of a segmental structure of exports of small and medium-sized businesses that allows to reflect the assessment of export specialization in the region. In the further stages of the study, it is planned to develop tools to assess the specifics of SME exports in the non-resource sector, not only in the country, but also in a particular region.
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Remeikienė, Rita, Ligita Gasparėnienė, and Alius Sadeckas. "The determinants of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export: macroeconomic approach." Business: Theory and Practice 20 (March 26, 2019): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2019.16.
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The development of an appropriate export promotion strategy in any country calls for consideration of such country-level determinants as macroeconomic indicators and cultural elements. Small economies, like Lithuania, must have a clear understanding of which macroeconomic factors most significantly contribute to the competitiveness of their exports. This article is aimed at assessment of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export in the macroeconomic context.
The main purpose of the research is to assess the determinants of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export in the macroeconomic context. For accomplishment of the defined purpose, the following objectives were raised: 1) to review the general determinants of export competitiveness; 2) to develop the methodology for assessment of the country’s export competitiveness in the macroeconomic context; 3) to empirically assess the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the competitiveness of Lithuanian export over the period 2007–2015. The research methods include comparative and systematic literature analysis, correlation and regression analysis.
It has been found that GDP (gross domestic product) per capita and general state’s revenue from taxes and social contributions explain the trends of Lithuanian export by 99.1 percent. A very strong correlation has been estimated between Lithuanian export and terms of financing for exporting enterprises, a negative medium-strong correlation has been estimated between the country’s export and its general tax level, while a positive medium-strong correlation has been captured between the country’s export and its minimum wages.
Novelty. The results lead to the conclusion that the competitiveness of Lithuanian export is mainly affected by the state’s tax policy, terms of financing for exporting enterprises and social wage strategies. By improving the above-mentioned areas, the country could occupy stronger competitive positions in international markets.
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Ayten Mekhraliyeva, Ayten Mekhraliyeva. "CHALLENGES FACING THE CURRENT STATE OF EXPORT POTENTIAL (IN THE CASE FOR AZERBAIJAN)." Caucasus-Economic and Social Analysis Journal of Southern Caucasus 43, no. 04 (July 10, 2021): 04–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/cescajsc4304202104.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the importance of increasing export activity in ensuring economic development and the main conditions for increasing the country's export potential, to stimulate exports based on an assessment of the current state of export operations. Moreover, the study determines the directions for increasing the country's export potential and improving the legal framework for its use, furthermore, compile the adequate suggestions and recommendations. The report identifies the importance of export activities in the modern system of economic relations; The main conditions for increasing the export potential in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the stimulated means of using the export potential have been studied; the need for legal regulation of state intervention to increase the export potential of Azerbaijan and promote its implementation was substantiated; the system of legislative acts regulating the implementation of export operations was analyzed; the mechanisms of realization of the existing state support in the field of export stimulation in our country have been studied; The directions of improving the legal framework to increase the export potential and stimulate exports have been identified in our country. Keywords: export, foreign relations, economic development, growth, international trade.
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Zulauf, Carl, Olena Prutska, Eleonora Kirieieva, and Natalia Pryshliak. "Assessment of the potential for a biofuels industry in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.08.
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Ukraine is the only major agricultural country whose production of biofuels has declined since 2010. Nevertheless, it has set a target of 11.5 percent of primary energy supply from biomass, biofuels and waste by 2035. Agricultural land needed to produce biofuels feedstock is calculated for two scenarios based on its current 11.5 percent target and previous 5.0 percent target specified as a share of transport energy consumption. The export orientation of Ukraine’s crop sector and resulting foreign currency earnings pose trade-offs if crops are diverted from exports to biofuel feedstocks. Given these trade-offs, policy options for developing a biofuels industry while satisfying Ukraine’s export and domestic markets are to (1) bring land not currently cultivated into production and (2) increase yield. Both options are found to have substantial potential.
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Kuzmina, A. O., N. V. Karpenko, S. M. Popov, and A. A. Rozhkov. "Economic Assessment of Options for Prospective Development of Production Subsystem of Export-Oriented Coal Companies." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 4/2021 (August 25, 2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-4-101-105.
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The authors review the challenges and trends of the Russian coal exports and describe fields that are potentially attractive for exports in the new coal mining centers in the East of Russia. A conclusion is made that the only option available for the Russian coal industry in the eastern parts of the country is the export-oriented sustainable development in conditions when the global coal trade is shifting towards the Asia-Pacific region. Scientific and methodological support for the implementation of investment projects of Russian coal companies has been developed for the new economic conditions. The economic and mathematical model is proposed to assess the options of perspective development of production subsystem of an export-oriented coal company, which helps to define the parameters of a rational option to develop the coal sector including the volumes of annual expenses of investors to obtain the highest revenue from coal export.
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Ashmarina, Svetlana, and Ekaterina Nikulina. "Assessment of global trends impact on development of higher education system." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (December 5, 2017): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.06.
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The article deals with research of global regularities in the global system of higher education. The interrelation of information, Internet and educational environments, branding and marketing are investigated as a qualitative basis for sustainable development of universities. The government strategies stimulating development of international experience for students are explored and analyzed. This experience resulted in mass opening of international branch campuses and popularity of educational centers (“education hubs”). World tendencies in the field of human capital development in the sphere of higher education are revealed. Special attention is given to development of international institutional and industrial partnership. At present, the challenges facing the modern system of higher education in Russia are related to the need to ensure its competitiveness in the international arena and create centers for the innovative development within the Russian Federation. In the sphere of higher education of Russia, a number of priority projects of the higher education system can be identified, which were approved at the end of 2016: “Universities as Centers of Innovation Development”; the project of “Modern Digital Educational Environment” and the model of the export potential development of the “Russian education system”, which increases the attractiveness and competitiveness of the international educational services market in order to increase the volume of revenues from the export of educational services.
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Ferreira, Fernando A. F., Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, Edmundas K. Zavadskas, Marjan S. Jalali, and Sandra M. J. Catarino. "A Judgment-Based Risk Assessment Framework for Consumer Loans." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 18, no. 01 (January 2019): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021962201850044x.
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Credit to personal consumption is an important activity of the financial system and crucial to the socioeconomic development of a country. It is important, therefore, that the methods and techniques used to evaluate consumer credit risk be as efficient and informative as possible, in order to strengthen decisions to approve or reject credit and promote sustainable economic growth. This study aims to create a multiple criteria expert system which integrates cognitive maps and the measuring attractiveness by a categorical-based evaluation technique (MACBETH) to create a complementary framework for consumer credit risk assessment. The results show that this integrated approach allows the evaluation process of consumer credit risk to be more informed and transparent, providing value for the evaluation processes of this type of credit application as a result of the privileged contact established with a panel of credit analysts. Advantages, limitations, and managerial implications are also discussed.
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Cirera, Xavier, and Andrea Alfieri. "Unilateral Trade Preferences in the EU: An Empirical Assessment for the Case of Mozambican Exports." Economics Research International 2012 (January 29, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/691302.
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Unilateral trade preferences are one of the most important instruments offered by developed countries to foster developing country exports. This paper analyzes the impact of unilateral trade preferences on developing countries by focusing on the experience of Mozambique. In this paper, we analyze whether unilateral preferences offered by the EU are “valuable” for Mozambican exporters based on the impact on preferential margins, utilization rates, and export prices. We use a detailed dataset with cif unit values at HS8-digits level covering the period 2000–2007. Our findings indicate that (i) for a large number of product lines, export margins are zero; (ii) utilization rates are generally high; however, (iii) this does not translate into a positive price margins captured by Mozambican exporters compared to MFN competitors. These findings cast doubts on the “value” of preferences and their potential impact on developing country exports.
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Mihci, Hakan, and Devrim Karaman. "An Assessment of Output Performance in Northern Cyprus." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10033-009-0002-7.
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An Assessment of Output Performance in Northern CyprusThis paper mainly attempts to investigate empirically the Northern Cyprus output performance by using a panel data method for the period 1977-2005. A supplementary aim is to assess the impact of export orientation on the Northern Cyprus output level. Empirical results suggest that investment, employment and export variables significantly and positively affect the sectoral production increases in Northern Cyprus. Among other variables, exports of goods and services exert considerable affects on the sectoral production in the case of Northern Cyprus economy. Therefore, it can be suggested that a production structure mostly dependent on foreign demand makes it easier to overcome the restrictions originating from the insufficiency of the domestic market through creating new employment opportunities for highly qualified labor force and additional production capacity with productive investments. Moreover, exports have the potential to rise total factor productivities, and hence, to improve output expansion of the country further. In short, one may propose that outward orientation seems to be relevant in achieving higher levels of output in the case of the Northern Cyprus economy.
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Gechbaia, Badri, Eter Kharaishvili, and Zurab Mushkudiani. "The trends of producing agro-food products and export innovative marketing strategy in Georgia." Economics ecology socium 3, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-1.
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Introduction. Historically, agriculture has been a traditional sector for Georgia and the country has favorable natural and resource potential for its development. However, the rate of development of this sector has been below the corresponding indicators of the other sectors of the economy for many years, the level of self-sufficiency for local agricultural products is low, the import of food products exceeds export by four times on average and therefore, the country faces serious challenges in this regard. So in the paper discusses about the agro-food products in Georgia and its export potential in order to reveal the relevant export stimulation economic policy as the country has the rich natural resources to develop and export.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the research is to develop the recommendations for the export stimulating economic policy based on the assessment of the agro-food products and export potential in Georgia.
Results. The economic influence of stimulating export and importing the economy is assessed by the justification of the positive influence of international trade on the development of the agro-food sector. The article studies the determinants of innovative marketing in agribusiness. It is proved the role of innovative marketing in elaborating export strategy of agro-food products in the international markets. Based on bibliographic research and empirical materials, the possibility of diversification of production and export of agro-food products is revealed.
Conclusions. In the agricultural sector of Georgia in recent years there has been a tendency to increase production; however, the volume of import still significantly exceeds export. It is believed that export diversification will enable Georgia to overcome the limited market capabilities and promote productivity. To achieve these goals, the use of relevant stimulating economic policy tools is offered: subsidizing export; export credits; optimization of trade barriers; effective management of exchange courses; export insurance; offering the special financial services and more.
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Tsenkov, Yuri. "Model for Economic Security Assessment." European Journal of Marketing and Economics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejme.v3i1.p6-11.
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The problem of measuring the economic security of a country is a complex topic with an ongoing research since there are a number of factors with different characteristics that should be taken into account. The goal of the research is to suggest a model for economic security assessment based on public available data from official sources like EUROSTAT or national databases. The main assumption is that economic security is directly proportional to the economic development. Based on this assumption the economic security could be assessed using measurements for economic development such as GDP, GDP per capita, inflation, unemployment, budget deficit, government debt, net export, etc. A model is provided giving 7 indicators of economic growth and referencing values that if achieved and sustained for a longer period of time should provide a higher level of economic security. Based on the referencing values and comparison with other countries the model could be used for assessing the current level of economic security of a country.
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Anissah, Umi, Ajeng Kurniasari Putri, and Giri Rohmad Barokah. "An Estimation of Endogenous Formaldehyde Exposure due to Consumption of Indonesian Opah Fish (Lampris guttatus) in Three Major Export Destination Countries." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v14i1.369.
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The demand for Indonesian opah fish as an export product is increasing in the international market. Three countries (Malaysia, Mauritius, and Taiwan) recorded as the leading export destination of Indonesian opah fish. However, as the fish kept in a frozen state during export transportation, the endogenous formaldehyde may increase over time. This research presented the health risk assessment of population in the leading export destination countries that consumed opah fish from Indonesia. The study aimed to reveal the most potential export destination country that may accept an increasing volume of opah fish supply from Indonesia. The potency was determined from current export volume, the amount of endogenous formaldehyde content, and fish consumption at each country. The data were calculated with @Risk®7.0 software. The results showed opah fish consumed by Malaysian can be categorized as safe. Increasing the number of opah fish imported by Malaysian as much as six times, 12 times, 18 times, 27 and 36 times relatively does not cause health risks related to the presence of its endogenous formaldehyde. Moreover, opah fish consumed by Taiwanese is also safe, but with increasing the number of consumptions by more than 26 times is suspected to be potentially causing a health problem. However, opah fish consumed in Mauritius was categorized as unsafe and potentially caused health risks. Based on these results, Indonesia may consider to increase the opah fish export to Malaysia and Taiwan in the future.
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Michael Isaac, OPUSUNJU, AKYUZ Murat, and INIM E. Victor. "Assessment Of China – Nigeria Trade Relations (1990-2018)." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i1.4.
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The study assessed China- Nigeria trade relations covering a period of 29 years from 1990 to 2018. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design and obtained data for export and import transactions from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The study used T-test, charts, and tables to address the engagement of China-Nigeria trade relations. The study used Microsoft excel software package and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 to analysis the data. The study found that Nigeria has not gained from trade relations with China from 1990 to 2018 and it is only China that benefited from trade relations with Nigeria from 1990 to 2018. The study recommended that the Nigerian Government should re-strategise its industrial sector to enable the country to manufacture industrial goods and manufactured consumable goods as well as medical equipment to export to China. They should try to discover what type of industrial goods that China does not well produce and should re-strategise to produce it with low labour and low capital. The Chinese Government should continue to import goods to Nigeria since they are the ones benefiting from trade relations in Nigeria from 1990 to 2018. They should also encourage the Nigerian government to produce and manufacture industrial goods so that they can face a little competitive with Nigeria in the future for improvement of their products.
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Bojnec, Štefan, and Imre Fertő. "The duration of global agri-food export competitiveness." British Food Journal 119, no. 6 (June 5, 2017): 1378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2016-0302.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern, duration and country-level determinants of global agri-food export competitiveness of 23 major global agri-food trading countries. Design/methodology/approach A large panel data set is compiled to facilitate assessment of the pattern, duration and country-level determinants of global agri-food export competitiveness using a revealed comparative advantage index. Findings The results suggest that the duration of revealed comparative advantage is heterogeneous at the agri-food product level. Long-term survival rates as revealed by the comparative advantage indices are among the highest for the Netherlands, France, Belgium, the USA, Argentina and New Zealand. The level of economic development, the share of agricultural employment, subsidies to agriculture and differentiated consumer agri-food products increase the likelihood of failure in the duration of comparative advantage, while the abundance of agricultural land and export diversification reduce that likelihood. Originality/value The framework is conceptually innovative in how it models the likelihood of failure in the duration of comparative advantage and assesses implications. Export competitiveness is a crucial factor in long-term global farm business survival as it fosters opportunities for business prosperity on global markets.
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Pančenko, Ērika, and Tatjana Ivanova. "Latvian Potential in the Trade with the EU Countries." Economics and Business 28, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eb-2016-0010.
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Abstract The importance of international trade for the economic development of any country, on the one hand, and the decreasing rates of goods turnover within the EU countries in recent years, on the other hand, reveal the relevance of the research on the assessment of Latvia’s trade potential with the EU countries. The aim of this study is to measure and assess Latvia’s export potential with the European Union countries based on the gravity model. Since the development of trade relations is influenced by various factors, the article provides an overview of empirical studies that analyse various factors determining the level of trade among the countries. Possible volume of exports from Latvia to the EU countries was calculated on the basis of gravity model; calculations were conditioned by several factors included in the model, such as GDP, geographical distance and the degree of country’s economic freedom. The article also provides an assessment of Latvia’s export potential realisation extent. The method described in this article allowed applying the gravity model for the assessment of cooperation between Latvia and the EU countries, and was suitable for the quantitative evaluation of the extent to which export potential was realised in other countries
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Ginevičius, Romualdas, Dainora Gedvilaitė, and Andrius Stasiukynas. "QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION IN THE COUNTRY’S REGIONS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 24, no. 5 (October 22, 2018): 2083–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2018.5696.
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To this date, insufficient number of reasoned methods for assessing the industrial composition in the country or in the region in an integrated and quantitative manner is on offer. The existing proposals are basically intended for explaining the drivers of change in the industrial composition as well as the reasons thereof. Following this analysis, the most export-oriented industries are determined. Hence, the focus is not on assessing the industrial composition of a country or a region itself in a quantitative manner, but rather the impact of the changes thereof on economic indicators, i.e. derivative measures of industrial composition. The industrial composition of a country or a region can be described through indicators that reflect three key aspects, i.e. the variety of active economic entities by their number, size and types of economic activities. The proposed methodology is suitable for assessing the industrial composition of a country’s region.
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Ayten Mekhraliyeva, Ayten Mekhraliyeva. "ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF AZERBAIJAN'S EXPORT POTENTIAL IN THE CONTEXT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES." Caucasus-Economic and Social Analysis Journal of Southern Caucasus 43, no. 04 (April 10, 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/cescajsc4304202118.
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Entrepreneurship is one of the most important factors in the formation and development of a market economy, supporting the domestic market. It can solve social problems along with the solution of an important socio-political task - the formation of the middle class, the strengthening of democracy and social institutions, small business. In modern conditions, the intensification of state regulation and the promotion of the development of entrepreneurship, the organizational forms of interaction of government agencies with private entrepreneurship are changing. During this work, there are significant changes in the goals, mechanisms, management apparatus in the combination of state and market regulatory mechanisms, which is necessary to talk about the importance of the analysis of the structure of activities. In order to accelerate the pace of economic development in Azerbaijan, to apply the improved features of the market economy, the importance of free entrepreneurship, especially innovative entrepreneurship in accordance with the requirements of the time, is very high. Because innovative entrepreneurship allows to increase low production capacity and product quality. The goals and objectives of the research are to study the specifics of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Azerbaijan, to identify their origin, principles of operation, and their specific features. It is also the subject of research to determine the main directions of export activities of business entities and their impact on foreign economic activity, the volume of import-export operations and trade turnover of the country. Keywords: entrepreneurship activity, Azerbaijan’s export policy, economic development, SME, market economy,
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Wilson, Shellyanne. "Assessing export competitiveness of food manufacturers in SIDS." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 28, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 408–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-07-2016-0038.
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Purpose For Small Island Developing States (SIDS), achieving export manufacturing competitiveness is a major challenge. This paper aims to provide a framework that can be used to study the export competitiveness for food manufacturers. Design/methodology/approach The revealed comparative export advantage (RXA) and the constant market share (CMS) measures are used in a case study set in the Trinidad and Tobago’s food and beverage sector to study export manufacturing competitiveness. Findings When using the RXA and CMS measures to assess the current state of export manufacturing competitiveness in SIDS, specific product groupings should be used in the analysis to obtain a more accurate assessment of competitiveness than that provided when using aggregate commodity groups. Furthermore, the export market section of the conceptual framework provides a structured approach towards studying the distribution effect element of the CMS analysis. Research limitations/implications Trade data are heavily used, which is subject to a number of well-documented limitations. In addition, there is no mandatory registration for companies operating in the case country, which results in under-reporting of industrial activity, and so limits the use of the framework in studying the exporting companies and the export products. Finally, a single case study limits the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications In particular, policymakers responsible for designing interventions for increasing export manufacturing competitiveness can use the framework to consider specific strategies as they relate to the exporting companies, the export products and the export markets. Originality/value This paper brings together three basic elements that contribute to export manufacturing competitiveness in the form of the conceptual framework.
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Kudryashova, Irina, Elena Dolbnya, Natalia Zakharova, and Anastasiya Loginova. "Methodological Aspects of Assessment of Foreign Economic Activity in Coal Mining Regions." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 04032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017404032.
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In the article it is considered methodological aspects of assessment of foreign economic activity at the level of Russian regions, it is highlighted advantages and disadvantages of some approaches. It was concluded that at present it is advisable to develop an integrated methodology for assessing the effectiveness of foreign trade activities of the region and its investment attractiveness, which can minimize the disadvantages of existing approaches and comprehensively reflect the ongoing processes in the region in the field of foreign economic activity. The need to assess foreign economic activity in the Russian regions on the basis of the principles of complementarity, cooperation and integration with other regions, generation of synergy, extension of spatially distributed value chains is justified. Application of this methodical approach in regional economy as the effective instrument of modern socially oriented management of processes for exploitation of natural resources, development of science and education, creation of regional infrastructure for support of export-oriented and import-substituting business is offered.
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Šergo, Zdravko, and Jasmina Gržinić. "Does the International Tourism Industry Relax Sovereign Credit Ratings: The Case of Countries Most Reliant on Tourism." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2018-0014.
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Abstract Sustainable tourism plays a dominant role in the economic well-being of some of the world’s countries, especially small ones. Tourism earnings account for a significant proportion of their GDP, and they have an overwhelming reliance on tourism as a source of service exports. The general trends in tourism earnings and volatilities in country risk ratings often go hand in hand, especially for small touristic countries in that region. The research presented in this paper provides a comparative assessment of the international country risk ratings and highlights the importance of their tourism earnings and tourism export. This study employs the ordered response and Poisson count panel data model for a sample of twenty-two countries most reliant on tourism, including Mediterranean countries. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the tourism determinants of sovereign credit ratings for those countries vary between different rating agencies (Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch’s). The key finding is that an increase in tourism earnings as a proportion of GDP and as the main export share in the total country export impairs the sovereign risk rating and turns out to be robust across the different methodologies.
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Yulia Wardani, Ranti, Patrick Ziltener, and . "Striking a Trade Deal With President Trump? an Assessment of The Potential of Bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the Republic of Indonesia and the United States of America." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17108.
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The US President Donald Trump announced that US would have some bilateral trade consent, as averse to multilateral trade deal such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). This research study investigates empirically the economic potential of bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Indonesia and the US. The goal is to calculate the maximum savings potential for exporters. The savings potential is defined as duties that have been paid by any WTO exporter countries to another country based on the combination of its exports and the duties that not reduce at FTA based. The “maximum savings” is the from the presumption of all export products from the country origin will have zero tariff to enter another country who have an FTA. By using this measurement, country could have ex ante scenarios close to the real calculation tariff without FTA. The data is collected from the UNCOMTRADE and applied tariff rate (ATR) from the WTO. In this research, the level of analysis is the Harmonized System Code (HS Code) 6 digit level. The research findings show that duties of foodstuffs (HS Code 16-24) Indonesian import from the US is the biggest duties compare to other import item products. On the other side the biggest duties export from Indonesia to the U.S is mainly textile (HS Code 50-63). Therefore, the potential saving from striking a trade deal would be considerable for both side countries. This research study gives more insight about the savings potential for mutual trade bilateral agreement for both countries. Once both countries agree on trade deal, it would encourage more export, raise the competitiveness level for some companies then lead to the economic growth.
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Torekhanov, A. A., and N. K. Zhumadillayev. "ETTI MERINOS – KAZAKHSTANI EXPORT-ORIENTED MEAT BREAD." REPORTS 335, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.21.
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Sheep breeding in Kazakhstan is a traditional branch of animal husbandry. The development of the industry is facilitated by the presence of large areas of pasture lands, as well as the existing valuable gene pool of breed resources, created by national selection and long-term work of scientists-breeders. The republic has great potential for the further development of sheep breeding industry and is able not only to meet the population's need for mutton, but also to become a major exporter. The restoration and further development of domestic sheep breeding should be based on rational use of genetic potential of animals and natural pastures of the country for the cost-effective production of high quality sheep products that meet international standards. The article deals with the development of fine-wool sheep breeding in Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan regions, improvement of meat characteristics of the South Kazakh merino. The experience of using "etti merino" rams-producers in farms of Turkestan region showed that meat merino rams have a positive effect on meat productivity of the South Kazakh merino, and at the same time do not worsen their wool characteristics. The information on the population number of sheep of "Etti Merino" breed for 2020, the class composition of the ewes on farms, productivity of rams-producers in a number of generations, assessment of the quality of the offspring of 6-7 month old rams, wool productivity of the breeding groups of female sheep are presented.
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Ali, M. Yunus, and A. K. Shamsuddoha. "Export promotion programmes as antecedents of internationalisation of developing country firms: a theoretical model and empirical assessment." J. for Global Business Advancement 1, no. 1 (2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jgba.2007.012547.
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Setiawan, Sigit. "DAMPAK PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN BARANG ASEAN-KOREA FTA (AKFTA) TERHADAP INDONESIA DAN KOREA SELATAN." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 16, no. 1 (November 9, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v16i1.25.
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Preferential tariff scheme on ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Area (AKFTA) Trade Agreement in Goods have been above four years after its entry info force on July 1, 2007, as stated in Minister of Finance Decree Number 131/PMK011/2007. Its impact assessment should be conducted to review the expected gains for Indonesia and its country partner, South Korea from joining the agreement. This study employed a quantitative approach to measure and analyze the gains received by the two countries in AKFTA Trade Agreement in Goods from the increase of export growth and export contribution to national income. From the forecasting model employed, it showed that Indonesia gained more than Korea from AKFTA.
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Alleyne, Antonio, Zhaoyong Zhang, and Yifei Mu. "Sustaining International Trade with China: Does ACFTA Improve ASEAN Export Efficiency?" Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 6159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156159.
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The business of international trade has never been identified as zero-sum. Yet, dependence on regional agreements to provide alternate means for countries to overlook shortcomings persists. China’s recent rise up the trade value-chain has fostered an assumption that the regional agreement provides various advantages to exports from Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries. This paper provides an empirical assessment of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) impact on ASEAN export efficiency into the Chinese market, in pre and post eras. Using a structured gravity approach to estimate potential export pattern at aggregate and industry level, this research indicates that though not consistent across years, the ACFTA offers improvements to ASEAN exports to China. No clear effects of the ACFTA can be extrapolated from the years surrounding the initial signing (Article 8—2004). However, following its full enactment (2010), the ACFTA resulted in more sustainable trade from ASEAN members towards China, at both the industry and country levels. While seeing improvements in export efficiency during its era, ACFTA’s facilitation of efficiency measures with China came at no expense to other major export destinations.
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Eskelund, Karsten, Helena Grunfeld, and Phal Des. "Exploring the Competitiveness of Cambodia as an IT Outsourcing Destination." Journal of Global Information Management 28, no. 2 (April 2020): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2020040102.
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Using assessment criteria from the A.T. Kearney global services location index, the authors explore Cambodia's competitiveness in the global IT outsourcing market (ITO), identifying how the country could become more competitive. The findings are discussed from the perspective of the Heeks and Nicholson software export success model, assessing Cambodia from a national competitiveness perspective. With ITO's export revenue and skills development potential, it is important to understand why Cambodia is not considered a significant ITO destination and what the country can do to increase its competitiveness in this area. This paper is useful for practitioners considering Cambodia as an ITO destination, for the Cambodian government as a guide to policy measures for increasing its competitiveness as well as for IT researchers, who could complement the study with primary data and development the conceptual approaches applied in this article, whether in Cambodia or other developing countries.
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Bozheva, E. O. "Learning-by-export effects in the russian software industry." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 2 (July 15, 2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-2-38-49.
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Learning-by-export effects exist due to the nature of the creation, accumulation, transfer of knowledge, as well as the companies’ absorption capacity to accumulate and adapt the best experience, competences borrowed from abroadwithin the organization. The length and direction of exports have a significant impact on the innovation activities of organizations, while innovations do not always encourage the leaders to initiate export activities. In the course of empirical research, we have identified the following rules in relation to Russian IT-firms:1) New IT-exporters have no visible link between the introduction of new products, technologies and the start of exports. Investments in research and development, which may have been initiated after entering foreign markets or at the same time, have not yet yielded results. 2) Stable export activity encourages IT-companies to apply new technological, process and marketing innovations that were not previously part of the firm's plans, much more often than firms in the local market. 3) The impact of external knowledge effects on the productivity of IT-companies depends on the geographical direction of exports: a) the markets of the near abroad (CIS countries) and Russia itself;b) the markets of the far abroad. 4) Investments in R&D, marketing and production of new products are more typical for companies located in capitals (Moscow and Saint-Petersburg). On the contrary, the relationship between the presence of an international office and the introduction of innovations has not been proven. The size of companies has only affected the production of new technologies: if a company is a medium-sized enterprise or a larger one, the probability of innovation is increased by 22%. 5) The smaller the firm, the lower its desire to participate in extensive innovation networks, increase the number and diversity of external relations. The size of the company determines the level of influence of cooperation with other market participants on its internal innovation processThe article discusses the classification of knowledge spillover effects, the methodology of the study, the analysis of the economic impact of the process "flow" as a result of entering foreign markets. The paper’s emphasis is on assessment of recipients’ capabilities to accumulate new knowledge in the course of export activities, to extract advantages in terms of future development such as increasing innovation activity and, consequently, attractiveness, resulting in higher performance efficiency.
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Manzoor, Asma, and Nasreen Aslam Shah. "Labour Laws And Women Workers Of The Export Processing Zones In Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 7, no. 1 (June 8, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v7i1.266.
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The selection of Karachi Export Promotion Zone (EPZ) is inspired by the fact that this city being the centre of industrial and economic activity attracts an everincreasing number of job seekers from across the country. EPZs are an integral part of the expanding global market. Procurement of cheap and easy-to-control labour are the prerequisites of a market-based economy. Concentration of markets in developed countries and the establishment of production units in the less developed or slow developing countries mirrors political power imbalance. As women are the focus of this study, the assessment of the status of female factory workers is the centre point of this paper. Whereas women have always been part of waged-work outside the home, the phenomenon of women factory workers is a product of the World Wars, which encouraged women to work in factories as men were on the war front. This paper draws upon a research whose findings are not dramatically different from similar studies conducted elsewhere, however it presents a fresh perspective on the experiences of women working in a poor country. This paper presents both quantitative as well as qualitative data about 330 women working in 25 industrial units of varying production capacities. The paper also examines the absence of the phenomenon of labour laws in the Karachi Export Processing Zone and examines its impact on the lives of women workers.
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Milashevich, A. A. "FULL ASSESSMENT OF THE MEDICAL CLUSTER." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 63, no. 3 (August 25, 2018): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2018-63-3-377-384.
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Taking into consideration modern conditions of world economic development the evaluation of effectiveness of clusters, including the services sector, becomes very important. In this paper the technique of full assessment of the medical cluster can be found, including the rationale underlying the seven indicators that characterize economic processes in the cluster. All indicators are combined into blocks: the block assessments of the scale of the cluster, allowing to evaluate the performance of the cluster, is not in isolation but in conjunction with those processes that occur in the health system of the country; unit innovative activities of the cluster; the evaluation unit export capacity. The proposed integrated assessment of indicators gives the opportunity to bring all indicators to a common complex, calculated as the sum of the weighted coefficients of different directions of activity of the medical cluster; indicators of methodology are useful for assessing the effects of cluster activities for the state, businesses and consumers. The application of such methods in practice will allow to monitor the cluster operation, to review economic processes in dynamics and interrelation; to prevent negative trends that may occur in exports of services in the cluster and to take in due time meaningful steps to eliminate it; take into account the forecasts of development of medical clusters in medium and long term; the technique can be the basis for calculating the economic efficiency of the clusters created in the services sector in the Republic of Belarus and abroad.
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Indrasti, Rita, and Jefny B. Markus Rawung. "The Assessment of Production System and Marketing of Siam Citrus in Jember Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 232 (2021): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123202025.
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Siam citrus is a potential horticultural commodity for export and has high economic value. This research was conducted in Umbulsari District, Jember Regency, one of the productions and marketing centres for Siam citrus in East Java Province. The research results on the production and marketing system for the Siam citrus commodity in Jember Regency show that economically the Siam citrus agribusiness provides direct economic benefits to local farmers and has a multiplier effect for a household. The marketing system has been running, involving many actors known as the perfect competition market. However, it is necessary to increase farmers' bargaining value by strengthening farmer institutions, capital institutions, and market and technology information systems. The SWOT analysis results show that the opportunity for the development of Siam citrus is still facing technical problems in cultivation and marketing institutions. However, Siam citrus cultivation is the strength component to meet domestic demand in the country.
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Bayzakov, S. B., and M. K. Uandykova. "Innovative development of the regions and multiplier-based performance impact assessment of local resources." Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 13, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2020-2-167-181.
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One of the most important tasks of innovative development of a country and its regions is building an innovative vector of development essential for reaching a competitive level and economic growth. The authors have explored tasks and issues and tasks connected with quantitative explanation of still unresolved dependence of export-oriented countries’ economic growth on export volumes and prices in the foreign market. They used a three- way model of innovative development to study the productivity of resources in different areas of development.As a result of their research the authors introduced a different approach to the notion of innovative development. It allows researchers to view it as a system and integrity in three co-related directions: technique and technology, currency and finance, and society and politics. Thus, they have the opportunity to estimate how much each sector of national (regional) economy individually and all of them together contribute to the economic growth. This approach provides the opportunity to examine the basic holistically co-related directions which allow measuring the level of innovative development, estimating the economy’s innovativeness, determining and viewing differently the innovative paradigm. The authors used mathematical model to study and introduce productivities of major types of resources. They point out that effective functioning of economy (including financial) makes it possible to develop industries gradually and to smooth out economic development of the regions, to avoid structural shifts and disproportions in economy which finally results in the possibility of productive implementation of programs of the country’s innovative development.The authors have systematically studied the correlation between the productivity of resources and the achievement of systematic multiplier effect (there is no wide research found on this problem, the authors dealt with individual indicators of multiplier effect)
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Ahmadova, Esmira, Lala Hamidova, and Leyla Hajiyeva. "Diversification of the economy in the context of globalization (case of Azerbaijan)." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219207002.
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Research background: Azerbaijan, as a country with rich mineral resources, faces macroeconomic difficulties due to income instability. In 2011-2013, during the period of high world oil prices, Azerbaijan began to diversify the economy and develop the non-oil sector at the expense of oil and gas export revenues. The need to diversify the economy and export has become especially important in the conditions of increased global competition and the integration of the national economy into the world economy. Purpose of the article: The aim of the issue is assessment and study the characteristics of diversification of the economy of Azerbaijan, analyze the dependence of the country’s economic development on the degree of diversification of its economy and exports, assess the level of economic diversification of the country. Methods: To measure the level of diversification, we used indicators such as Herfindahl-Hirschmann export diversification index, and industry concentration in GDP. The originality and value of the research lies in revelation a number of indicators specific to the Azerbaijani economy that affect economic growth based on correlation-regression analysis and other econometric methods. According to econometric characteristics, the resulting model is adequate and confirms the empirical findings Findings & Value added: The results of the study showed that deeper diversification of the economy is required. To overcome oil dependence and conduct effective economic diversification, it is necessary to develop processing industries, expand the accessibility of small and medium enterprises to financial resources, and stimulate foreign investment in the non-oil sector.
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Busov, V. I. "Territorial Systems of Public Services Efficiency Assessment." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 4 (September 6, 2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-4-94-101.
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The subject of the research is territorial systems of public services efficiency in the context of current growth of social developmental tasks role. Until recent times, the solution of the problem was being searched within the cost approach where monetary performance indicators of production systems are used as criteria of assessment that direct them in the first place towards increase of capital, capitalization, often to the detriment of social development and of accomplishment of production social tasks. Production systems social significance growth conditioned in many respects by the growth of human factor and intellectual labor importance in the process of production determines the urgency of the efficiency assessment both from economic (cost) and social (public) point of view. In the article, the author by the example of territorial systems of public services and using a systems approach suggests a comprehensive method of production systems efficiency assessment. The purpose of the article is to ground the advisability and develop methods of resource targeted approach to territorial public services systems efficiency assessment. Methods of determining of the efficiency of their activity aimed at attaining of economic, social, scientific and technical, as well as environmental development goals are proposed. It is concluded that comprehensive efficiency assessment of territorial systems of public services that uses methods of cost and resource targeted approaches allows to determine the direction and recourses of their development within the framework of creating highly productive, export-oriented sector of economy of the country.
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Ziolkowska, J., K. Jechlitschka, and D. Kirschke. "Global implications of national price policies on the wheat market – quantitative assessment of world market effects." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 10 (November 9, 2009): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2612-agricecon.
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Price policy instruments are common political measures to influence the supply and export of agricultural products. Different price policies have thus different influence on national agricultural markets. These policies can also influence the world market and third countries provided that the exporting country places a high share of its production on the world market. Using a Cobb-Douglas market model we quantitatively assess global implications of national price policies in the EU-27, Russia, and the US (as leading wheat exporting countries) on the world market price for wheat and on welfare, foreign exchange, and producer surplus in third countries. The results prove that increasing protectionist price policies in the EU-27, Russia, and the US would only slightly influence the welfare in third countries. This policy would however bring about a higher decrease of foreign exchange and producer surplus in third countries.
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Holubova, H. V. "Application of Index Models in Assessing the Foreign Economic Activity of Ukraine." Statistics of Ukraine 84, no. 1 (March 23, 2019): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(84)2019.01.03.
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The importance of statistical assessment of foreign economic activities in Ukraine, considering the structure and geographical re-orientation of the Ukrainian foreign trade and new challenges of the globalized and highly competitive market of goods and services, gives rise to the modeling of patterns underlying future tendencies in the development of the Ukrainian foreign trade. The article contains a description of approaches to the analysis of foreign economic activities in Ukraine by use of index models. Several index models are constructed and used for assessing the debt burden of Ukraine, the impact of selected sub-factors on it are determined, and the dynamics of the export quota in 2016–2017 are highlighted
By use of the chain substitutions method it is found that the debt burden of Ukraine decreased in 2017, compared to 2016, by 21.0% due to the reduced import dependence of Ukraine, by 12.0% due to the partial debt burden, but increased by 4.1% due to the export losses. The results show that the strongest impact on the dynamics of debt burden of Ukraine came from the import dependence (56.6%), which means that the strict import quota remains the main factor of the increasing foreign debt of Ukraine, which caused 5.9% loss of export earnings in 2016, and 2.3% in 2017.
The analysis of the export quota dynamics based on the index model showed that the impact of the international intraspecific specialization of the country on it was 43.2%, and the impact of the exports’ share in the foreign trade balance made 44.7%. That is, the main factors of change are the commodity and geographical specialization of Ukraine, as well as the imbalance in the foreign trade.
Results of the analysis of the indices of averages show that due to the growth in export quotas of products of vegetable origin, fats and oils by 12.7%, and under the influence of the commodity structure of exports (–8.4%), the export quota increased by 3.2% in 2017 compared to 2012. The import quota of goods decreased by 17%, including by 7.6% due to the reduced import dependence of the country, and by 10.1% due to the changed structure of imports.
Results of the analysis indicate significant change in the trend of export and import quotas of Ukraine on account of geographical reorientation: due to changes in the geographical structure of exports and imports of Ukraine, the export and import quotas decreased by 41.5%, and 32.2%, respectively.
The analysis of the commodity structure of the Ukrainian foreign trade in 2012–2017 shows that the largest export positions were non-precious metals (ferrous metals and products made thereof), grain crops, fats and oils, electric machinery; in the exports of services, the largest share was accounted for by transport services, telecommunication services, computer and information services, processing of material resources, and business services. In the commodity structure of imports, mineral products had the largest share, which, however, decreased by 7.36 percentage points in 2017 compared to 2012. Imports of services are dominated by transport services and government services.
The Russian Federation remains to be main partner in export-import operations of Ukraine: 9.1% of the Ukraine’s exports of goods in 2017, which is 16.53 percentage points less than in 2012; and 14.5% of the imports of goods in 2017, which is 17.86 percentage points less than in 2012. The main partner of Ukraine in the imports of services is the U.S., with 11.78% of the total imports of services in 2017, which is 6.7 percentage points more than in 2012.
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Shen, Ching-Cheng, Yen-Rung Chang, and Der-Jen Liu. "Rural Tourism and Environmental Sustainability—A Study on a Model for Assessing the Developmental Potential of Organic Agritourism." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 9642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229642.
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In light of the public’s increasing awareness of and desire to create healthy and friendly environments, developments in organic agriculture and organic agricultural products have gradually yielded optimum choices in terms of healthy diets, travel options, and lifestyles, in addition to winning considerable attention and popularity from the public. This study was centered on a model for assessing the developmental potential of organic agritourism, with empirical analyses being conducted regarding visitors to Yuli Township in Hualien County, Taiwan. The results were as follows. By means of on-site interviews and surveys, as well as a review of relevant literature, this study constructed several assessment indicators of the developmental potential of organic agritourism. The constructed model consisted of four criteria, namely, the attractiveness of resources, market development potential, community development capabilities, and the creation of diverse values, as well as 23 sub-criteria. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach was employed, and a questionnaire with expert validity was used to deduce the weights of each criterion and sub-criterion. The highest-weighted criterion was the attractiveness of resources, followed by, in order, the creation of diverse values, market development potential, and community development capabilities. The results of this study can serve as a reference for Yuli Township in developing strategies to promote organic agritourism in the area.
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Tanasiichuk, Alona, Svetlana Kovalchuk, Olha Hromova, Hryhorenko Inna, and Fedortsova Olena. "Evaluation of the Convergence of International Markets for Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine under International Diversification Conditions." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p467.
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It is proposed the classification of indicators of convergence assessment of international markets for determining their marketing attractiveness for the enterprise, which includes absolute and relative indicators of measurement of general statistical data, evaluation of factors of production, information on products and services, dynamic indicators and convergence indicators used by enterprises for the search of new international markets. In the expert assessment of convergence indicators, the markets of foreign countries, the indicators of which are as close as possible to the Ukrainian economy, are distinguished, the result of the assessment allowed to draw conclusions about the marketing opportunities of domestic enterprises in the conditions of the export of goods to the markets of these countries. As the analysis of practical aspects of the functioning of agricultural enterprises and their associations results, a scientific and methodical approach to a comprehensive convergence of agricultural enterprises activities of Ukraine assessment under the conditions of international diversification has been developed. The proposed approach is based on the method of summing up the ranks to rank foreign markets according to the system of dynamic indicators application, which allowed to determine the marketing attractiveness of new international markets for the domestic enterprises activity in these markets and to assess their convergence. As the application of the proposed approach result, foreign markets have been identified which demonstrate favorable conditions for doing business on them, indicating the convergent conditions existence, which is a prerequisite for domestic agricultural enterprises to the markets of these countries release, and also determines the factors and criteria for making managerial decisions regarding realization of domestic agrarian enterprises activity under international diversification conditions. It is proved that the markets of Belgium, Italy, Ireland, Switzerland, and Japan have demonstrated favorable conditions for doing business with them, indicating a significant convergence of markets in these countries. It is determined that the markets of Greece and China are promising for domestic enterprises in the presence of opportunities to overcome a significant margin of discretion. Keywords: convergence, international diversification, international markets marketing attractiveness, convergence evaluation of international markets
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Golovin, Artem, Natalya Derkach, and Danil Zyukin. "Development of food exports to ensure economic security." Economic Annals-ХХI 186, no. 11-12 (December 28, 2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v186-09.
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This paper deals with knowledge in the field of increasing the level of the state economic security in view of the development of foreign trade in food products. The obtained results make it possible to determine the relationship between food and economic security, as well as the place of foreign trade in achieving sustainable development. The assessment of the volume of food production and the level of food security has allowed the authors of the paper to identify promising food groups for export. They include meat and meat products, as well as vegetables and gourds. These groups were determined on the basis of an assessment of the level of production, the volumes of which correspond to the threshold values of food security and have growth prospects. Calculations of the balance of food products, taking into account the needs of the domestic and foreign markets, are presented in the paper. The calculations are based on the condition of maintaining the target level of food security and increasing economic security. The main results of stimulating exports of food products will be: diversification of exports, an increase in the country’s share in world trade, an increase in foreign exchange earnings, expansion of agricultural production and a cumulative growth in gross domestic product. The instruments of state regulation of foreign trade in food products will be export quantitative quotas for goods the production level of which exceeds the threshold of self-sufficiency, as well as increased export duties on food, the production of which does not cover the domestic needs of the country. As part of the study a potential effect of the proposed measures implementation to improve economic security was presented. The potential for increasing exports is more than 1.5 million tons for meat and meat products and 162 thousand tons for vegetables and gourds.
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Kolaei, Amin Zargari, Mahnaz Nasrabadi, and Saeid Givehchi. "Risk Assessment of Gas Condensates Export Pipelines by Indexing Method (Case Study: Special Economic Energy Zone of South Pars-Assaluyeh)." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n3p175.
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Due to the sensitivity and vital and undeniable role of gas energy in the energy basket of the country, especially in economy, evaluation of risk assessment studies on the designing and exploiting of this massive and extensive industry including oil and gas pipelines seems to be very necessary. Generally, risk assessment is process of the determining the risk quantity and quality by analyzing potential risks in the project which will be done by taking into account the sensitivity or vulnerability of the surrounding environment. kent Muhlbauer’s method based on relative scoring of parameters that are involved in risks creation deals with the risk assessment. In order to establishment this system for risk assessment of statistical data collection, due to the failure of Iranian oil and gas pipelines, experts and scholars’ experiences as a field project (South Pars gas condensate export pipeline) were collected. According to the existing conditions and availability of information sources in the Iranian oil and gas industry, finally, these data as safety risk assessment criteria of pipelines were processed in a graph and scoring was conducted based on the relative weighting of risk starter elements in the pipeline. according to the obtained scores and the relative risk of different areas of pipeline by considering km scale of areas, it was identified that 16% of the total pipeline had very high risk level, 34% of the total pipeline had high risk level, 34% of the total pipeline had medium risk level and 16% of the pipeline had low risk level.
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Umbitaliev, A. D., B. N. Sabenova, and T. N. Mashirova. "AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: ACTIVATION AND ASSESSMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN'S ADAPTABILITY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION." Statistika, učet i audit 80, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2021-1.21.
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The research is devoted to the issues of adaptability, agro-industrial complex, Kazakhstan, within the framework of the Eurasian economic Union and increasing its competitiveness. Originality of the research. The authors believe that the assessment of the competitiveness of the agroindustrial complex should be carried out not by absolute, but by relative indicators: crop yield, productivity of livestock and poultry, net export index, profitability of production, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets, the volume of products per capita. Based on the analysis, the authors concluded that each partner country in the EAEU has its own comparative advantages, which should be taken into account when forming a single food market within the framework of the Eurasian economic Union. Research result. The article examines the impact of economic integration on the national economy, including the country's agro-industrial complex. Positive and negative effects of integration are revealed. The dynamics of economic indicators of agriculture in Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus is analyzed.
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HANAS, Liubov, and Olha KHOMIK. "Peculiarities of certification of led products of Ukrainian origin in the introduction of export direction to European Countries." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 1/1 (January 27, 2021): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.1(1).2.
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Introduction. In conditions of intensified market competition, the quality and safety of goods play an important role in the economic, social and environmental position of the state in the international market. To regulate the circulation of goods in foreign and domestic markets and prevent oversaturation, countries are actively using the tools of technical regulation of products. Foreign economic entities engaged in foreign economic transactions must first adapt the characteristics and features of the goods to the requirements of the host country, regulating the conformity of the components of the goods to the conditions, norms, standards and technical regulations of the country. The purpose of the paper is to define the procedure for certification of LED products intended for export to the markets of the European Union. Results. The paper analyzes the features of certification of LED products intended for export to the markets of the European Union. It is determined that LED panels and lamps can be placed on the EU electronic market subject to compliance with Directives 2014/30/EU, which are designed to protect work from electromagnetic interference. In order to confirm that the products meet the requirements specified in the Directive, it is necessary to pass a conformity assessment, in particular, to conduct internal control of production and examination of the EU. The publication also contains the requirements for internal production control and EU expertise, the features of labeling of LED products. When placing electrical or electronic products on the EU market covered by Directive 2014/30/EU, it must bear the CE mark. The mark must be placed on each unit of production, on the packaging, on the accompanying documents. The CE marking must be visible, clear and legible. Energy-related products sold in the EU must meet the energy labeling requirements set by EU Regulation 2017/1369. In addition, the basic requirements for the development of labels for LED products intended for export are also defined. Conclusions. Compliance with all EU requirements for the quality of goods and compliance with the Directives allows domestic companies to export goods to European markets. Access to EU markets has a positive effect on the country's economy as a whole.
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Qasemipour, Ehsan, Farhad Tarahomi, Markus Pahlow, Seyed Saeed Malek Sadati, and Ali Abbasi. "Assessment of Virtual Water Flows in Iran Using a Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 7424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187424.
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The growth of Iran’s agricultural sector in the past few decades has exerted enormous pressure on its aquifers. There is a strong disparity between economic development and natural resource endowments, which threatens water and food security. In this paper, we used a multiregional input–output (MRIO) framework to assess the virtual water flows in Iran. We also estimate the internal and external water footprint of regions compared to their water availability. The results show that the northern part of the country, with no water scarcity, imported virtual water through the trade of goods and services, while severely water-scarce regions were net virtual water exporters. Iran had a net export of 1811 Mm3 per annum. While blue water resources (surface and groundwater) accounted for 92.2% of the national water footprint, 89.1% of total exports were related to the agriculture sector, contributing to only 10.5% of the national income. The results suggest that policy-makers should reconsider the current trade policy regarding food production liberalization in order to make Iran’s limited water resources available for producing industrial goods, which can contribute more to the economy.
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Ali, Ernest Baba, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, and Parise Adadi. "Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020628.
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The exponential increase in the population of Ghana and the need to meet the population’s food security needs while creating job opportunities have necessitated the implementation of the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) initiative by the Government of Ghana (GoG). Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analytical tool, we SWOT of the PFJ initiative. We further complemented the study with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) tool to rank the various criteria (factors) identified under the SWOT analysis. The study identified favorable environmental conditions as the highest strength, which recorded 59.3%, followed by agricultural lands availability (21.8%). Inadequate of financial services was identified as the highest weakness (55.8%), followed by over-reliance on climatic conditions (25.9%). High export potential relative to agricultural products in the country was identified as the highest opportunity, which recorded a weight of 50.3%. The One District One Factory (1D1F) initiative came up as the second highest opportunity. Negative ramification of climate change was identified as the main threat to Ghana’s agricultural sector (57.9%), followed by the importation of basic food products (25%).
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Ali, Ernest Baba, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, and Parise Adadi. "Agriculture for Sustainable Development: A SWOT-AHP Assessment of Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Initiative." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020628.
Full textAbstract:
The exponential increase in the population of Ghana and the need to meet the population’s food security needs while creating job opportunities have necessitated the implementation of the Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) initiative by the Government of Ghana (GoG). Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analytical tool, we SWOT of the PFJ initiative. We further complemented the study with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) tool to rank the various criteria (factors) identified under the SWOT analysis. The study identified favorable environmental conditions as the highest strength, which recorded 59.3%, followed by agricultural lands availability (21.8%). Inadequate of financial services was identified as the highest weakness (55.8%), followed by over-reliance on climatic conditions (25.9%). High export potential relative to agricultural products in the country was identified as the highest opportunity, which recorded a weight of 50.3%. The One District One Factory (1D1F) initiative came up as the second highest opportunity. Negative ramification of climate change was identified as the main threat to Ghana’s agricultural sector (57.9%), followed by the importation of basic food products (25%).