Relevant bibliographies by topics / Explosive transients

Academic literature on the topic 'Explosive transients'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Explosive transients"

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Oguri, Masamune. "Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients." Reports on Progress in Physics 82, no. 12 (November 7, 2019): 126901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ab4fc5.

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Bersier, David, Mike Bode, Shiho Kobayashi, Carole Mundell, and Iain Steele. "Explosive transients: a time-variable sky." Astronomy & Geophysics 52, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 1.10–1.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2011.52110.x.

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Vanderspek, Roland, and George R. Richer. "ETC Observations of the Gamma-ray Burst GRB 941014." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 151 (1995): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100035405.

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AbstractThe Explosive Transient Camera (ETC) is a dedicated wide-field sky monitor for short-duration optical transients. The ETC operates completely automatically, searching for transients in the night sky without the need for a human observer on site. Data products from the ETC include data from any transients detected, as well as CCD images of the fields-of-view observed. We report here the imaging by the ETC of the 2.5σ error region of GRB 941014 90 seconds after the end of the burst.
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Justham, S. "Forming the Progenitors of Explosive Stellar Transients." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S339 (November 2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318002168.

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AbstractExplosive stellar transients arise from diverse situations, including deaths of massive stars, a variety of thermonuclear outbursts, and compact-object mergers. Stellar interactions are heavily implicated in explaining the observed populations of events, and not only those where binarity is obviously involved. Relationships between these classes probably help to elucidate our understanding; for example; the production of double neutron-star mergers from field binaries is thought to be heavily biased towards routes involving stripped core-collapse supernovæ. As we gain an ever more synoptic view of the changing sky, theorists should be mindful of developing an ability to take robust quantitative advantage of the available population information to help constrain the physics. This is complementary to aiming for deep understanding of individual events.
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Guépin, Claire, and Kumiko Kotera. "Can we observe neutrino flares in coincidence with explosive transients?" Astronomy & Astrophysics 603 (July 2017): A76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201630326.

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The new generation of powerful instruments is reaching sensitivities and temporal resolutions that will allow multi-messenger astronomy of explosive transient phenomena, with high-energy neutrinos as a central figure. We derive general criteria for the detectability of neutrinos from powerful transient sources for given instrument sensitivities. In practice, we provide the minimum photon flux necessary for neutrino detection based on two main observables: the bolometric luminosity and the time variability of the emission. This limit can be compared to the observations in specified wavelengths in order to target the most promising sources for follow-ups. Our criteria can also help distinguishing false associations of neutrino events with a flaring source. We find that relativistic transient sources such as high- and low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), blazar flares, tidal disruption events, and magnetar flares could be observed with IceCube, as they have a good chance to occur within a detectable distance. Of the nonrelativistic transient sources, only luminous supernovae appear as promising candidates. We caution that our criterion should not be directly applied to low-luminosity GRBs and type Ibc supernovae, as these objects could have hosted a choked GRB, leading to neutrino emission without a relevant counterpart radiation. We treat a set of concrete examples and show that several transients, some of which are being monitored by IceCube, are far from meeting the criterion for detectability (e.g., Crab flares or Swift J1644+57).
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Muthukrishna, Daniel, Gautham Narayan, Kaisey S. Mandel, Rahul Biswas, and Renée Hložek. "RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients Using Deep Learning." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 131, no. 1005 (September 30, 2019): 118002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ab1609.

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Leybourne, Allen E. "Frequency‐averaged, mean‐squared coherence of simulated underwater explosive transients." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, S1 (May 1989): S126—S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2026713.

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Wyrzykowski, Łukasz, Simon T. Hodgkin, Nadejda Blagorodnova, and Vasily Belokurov. "The Explosive Universe with Gaia." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S298 (May 2013): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313007114.

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AbstractThe Gaia mission will observe the entire sky for 5 years providing ultra-precise astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic measurements for a billion stars in the Galaxy. Hence, naturally, Gaia becomes an all-sky multi-epoch photometric survey, which will monitor and detect variability with millimag precision as well as new transient sources such as supernovae, novae, microlensing events, tidal disruption events, asteroids, among others.Gaia data-flow allows for quick detections of anomalies within 24-48h after the observation. Such near-real-time survey will be able to detect about 6000 supernovae brighter than 19 mag up to redshifts of Z 0.15. The on-board low-resolution (R 100) spectrograph will allow for early and robust classification of transients and minimise the false-alert rate, even providing the estimates on redshift for supernovae. Gaia will also offer a unique possibility for detecting astrometric shifts in microlensing events, which, combined with Gaia's and ground-based photometry, will provide unique mass measurements of lenses, constrains on the dark matter content in the Milky Way and possible detections of free floating black holes.Alerts from Gaia will be publicly available soon after the detection is verified and tested. First alerts are expected early in 2014 and those will be used for ground-based verification. All facilities are invited to join the verification and the follow-up effort. Alerts will be published on a web page, via Skyalert.org and via emailing list. Each alert will contain coordinates, Gaia light curve and low-resolution spectra, classification and cross-matching results.More information on the Gaia Science Alerts can be found here: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/ioa/wikis/gsawgwiki/The full version of the poster is available here: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/ioa/wikis/gsawgwiki/images/1/13/GaiaAlertsPosterIAUS298.pdf
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Zenati, Yossef, Alexey Bobrick, and Hagai B. Perets. "Faint rapid red transients from neutron star–CO white dwarf mergers." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 3956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa507.

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ABSTRACT Mergers of neutron stars (NS) and white dwarfs (WD) may give rise to observable explosive transient events. We use 3D hydrodynamical (smoothed particle hydrodynamics – SPH) simulations and 2D hydrodynamical–thermonuclear simulations (using the flash adaptive mesh refinement code) to model the disruption of CO-WDs by NSs, which produce faint transient events. We post-process the simulations using a large nuclear network and make use of the SuperNu radiation transfer code to predict the observational signatures and detailed properties of these transients. We calculate the light curves and spectra for five models of NS–CO-WD mergers. The small yields of 56Ni (few $\times 10^{-3}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$) result in faint, rapidly evolving reddened transients (RRTs) with B(R) peak magnitudes of at most ∼−12 (−13) to ∼−13 (−15), much shorter and fainter than both regular and faint/peculiar Type Ia supernovae. These transients are likely to be accompanied by several months long, 1–2 mag dimmer red/infrared afterglows. We show that the spectra of RRTs share some similarities with rapidly evolving transients such as SN 2010X, although RRTs are significantly fainter, especially in the I/R bands, and show far stronger Si lines. We estimate that the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope could detect RRTs at a rate of up to ∼10–70 yr−1 through observations in the R/I bands. The qualitative agreement between the SPH and flash approaches supports the earlier hydrodynamical studies of these systems.
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Gress, O. A., V. M. Lipunov, D. Dornic, E. S. Gorbovskoy, V. G. Kornilov, N. V. Tyurina, P. V. Balanutsa, A. S. Kuznetsov, V. V. Vladimirov, and D. A. Kuvshinov. "MASTER INVESTIGATION OF ANTARES AND ICECUBE ALERTS." Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica Serie de Conferencias 51 (April 13, 2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ia.14052059p.2019.51.15.

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This paper presents the first investigation results of possible coincidences of optical transients in the MASTER global robotic telescope net database with the localization regions of VHE and UHE neutrino alert events from ANTARES and IceCube observatories. MASTER is the first robotic telescopic system in Russia, dedicated to optical observation and registration of the most energetic and fastest explosive processes in the Universe. The goal is a deeper and more thorough study of space and time coincidences of the MASTER optical transients and high energy neutrinos.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Explosive transients"

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Neunteufel, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Helium Accreting White Dwarfs as Progenitors of Explosive Stellar Transients / Patrick Neunteufel." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149154209/34.

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Oesterreich, Mark H. "Transient response analysis of the 72 Inch TAC-4 ruggedized shipboard rack subjected to an underwater explosion event." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA354298.

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Thesis (Degree of Mechanical Engineer and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998.
"June 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Young S. Shin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97). Also available online.
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Sadeghi, Mehdi. "Potential of the Empirical Mode Decomposition to analyze instantaneous flow fields in Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine : Effect of transient regimes." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2069/document.

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Cette étude introduit une nouvelle approche appelée Bivariate 2D-EMD pour séparer le mouvement organisé à grande échelle, soit la composante basse fréquence de l’écoulement des fluctuations turbulentes, soit la composante haute fréquence dans un champ de vitesse instantané bidimensionnel.Cette séparation nécessite un seul champ de vitesse instantané contrairement aux autres méthodes plus couramment utilisées en mécanique des fluides, comme le POD. La méthode proposée durant cette thèse est tout à fait appropriée à l’analyse des écoulements qui sont intrinsèquement instationnaires et non linéaires comme l'écoulement dans le cylindre lorsque le moteur fonctionne dans des conditions transitoires. Bivariate 2D-EMD est validé à travers différents cas test, sur un écoulement turbulent homogène et isotrope (THI) expérimental, qui a été perturbé par un tourbillon synthétique de type Lamb-Ossen, qui simule le mouvement organisé dans le cylindre. Enfin, Il est appliqué sur un écoulement expérimental obtenu dans un cylindre et les résultats de la séparation d'écoulement sont comparés à ceux basés sur l'analyse POD. L’évolution d’écoulement dans le cylindre pendant le fonctionnement du moteur transitoire, c’est à dire une accélération du régime moteur de 1000 à 2000tr/min en différentes rampes, sont mesurée en utilisant de PIV 2D-2C haute cadence. Les champs de vitesse sont obtenus dans le plan de tumble dans un moteur un moteur GDI mono-cylindre transparent et forment une base de données nécessaire pour valider les résultats de simulation numérique
This study introduces a new approach called Bivariate 2D-EMD to separate large-scale organizedmotion i.e., flow low frequency component from random turbulent fluctuations i.e., high frequency onein a given in-cylinder instantaneous 2D velocity field. This signal processing method needs only oneinstantaneous velocity field contrary to the other methods commonly used in fluid mechanics, as POD.The proposed method is quite appropriate to analyze the flows intrinsically both unsteady and nonlinearflows as in in-cylinder. The Bivariate 2D-EMD is validated through different test cases, by optimize itand apply it on an experimental homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow (HIT), perturbed by asynthetic Lamb-Ossen vortex, to simulate the feature of in-cylinder flows. Furthermore, it applies onexperimental in-cylinder flows. The results obtained by EMD and POD analysis are compared. Theevolution of in-cylinder flow during transient engine working mode, i.e., engine speed acceleration from1000 to 2000 rpm with different time periods, was obtained by High speed PIV 2D-2C. The velocityfields are obtained within tumble plane in a transparent mono-cylinder DISI engine and provide a database to validate CFD
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Roche, Nicolas J.-H. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l'influence des effets cumulés de l'environnement spatial sur le niveau de vulnérabilité de systèmes spatiaux soumis aux effets transitoires naturels ou issus d'une explosion nucléaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20108.

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L'environnement radiatif spatial est composé d'une grande diversité de particules dans un spectre en énergie très large. Parmi les effets affectant les composants électroniques, on distingue les effets cumulatifs et les effets singuliers transitoires analogiques (ASET). Les effets cumulatifs correspondent à une dégradation continue des paramètres électriques du composant induits par un dépôt d'énergie à faible débit de dose tout au long de la mission spatiale. Les ASETs sont eux causés par le passage d'une particule unique traversant une zone sensible du composant et engendrant une impulsion de tension transitoire qui se propage à la sortie de l'application. Au cours des tests au sol, les deux effets sont étudiés séparément, mais ils se produisent simultanément en vol. Il se produit donc un effet de synergie, induit par la combinaison de la dose et de l'apparition soudaine d'un ASET dans le dispositif préalablement irradié.Une étude de l'effet de synergie dose-ASET est proposée. Pour accélérer les irradiations, une technique connue sous le nom de « méthode de commutation de débit de dose » (DRS) prenant en compte la sensibilité accrue au faible débit de dose (ELDRS) est utilisée. Un modèle haut niveau est développé en utilisant l'analyse circuit permettant de prédire l'effet de synergie observé sur un amplificateur opérationnel à trois étages. Pour prédire l'effet de synergie, l'effet de dose est pris en compte en faisant varier les paramètres décrivant le modèle suivant une loi de variation déduite de la dégradation du courant d'alimentation qui est couramment enregistré au cours des essais industriels. Enfin, les effets transitoires des radiations sur l'électronique (TREEs) induits par un environnement de très fort débit de dose de rayons X pulsés ainsi que l'effet de synergie dose-TREE sont étudiés à l'aide d'un générateur de Flash-X. La méthode classique d'analyse des ASETs permet alors d'expliquer la forme des impulsions transitoires observées
The natural radiative space environment is composed by numerously particles in a very large energy spectrum. From an electronics component point of view, it is possible to distinguish cumulative effects and so-called Analog Single Event Transient effects (ASET). Cumulative effects correspond to continuous deterioration of the electrical parameters of the component, due to a low dose rate energy deposition (Total Ionizing Dose: TID) throughout the space mission. ASETs are caused by a single energetic particle crossing a sensitive area of the component inducing a transient voltage pulse that occurs at the output of the application. During ground testing, both effects are studied separately but happen simultaneously in flight. As a result a synergy effect, induced by the combination of the low dose rate energy deposition and the sudden occurrence of an ASET in the device previously irradiated, occurs. A study of dose-ASET synergistic effects is proposed using an accelerated irradiation test technique known as Dose Rate Switching method (DRS) tacking into account the concern of the Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS). A High Level Model is developed using circuit analysis to predict the synergy effect observed on a three stages operational amplifier. To predict synergy effect, the TID effect is taken into account by varying the model parameters following a variation law deduced from the degradation of the supply current which recorded during usual industrial TID testing. Finally, the Transient Radiation Effects on Electronics (TREE) phenomena induced by a Very High Dose Rate X-ray pulse environment and the dose-TREE synergy effect are then investigated using an X-ray flash facility. The classical ASETs methodology analysis can explain the shapes of transients observed
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"Identifying Explosive Transients and Implications for Gravitational Wave Followup." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.45015.

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abstract: High-energy explosive phenomena, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Supernovae (SNe), provide unique laboratories to study extreme physics and potentially open up the new discovery window of Gravitational-wave astronomy. Uncovering the intrinsic variability of GRBs constrains the size of the GRB emission region, and ejecta velocity, in turn provides hints on the nature of GRBs and their progenitors. We develop a novel method which ties together wavelet and structure-function analyses to measure, for the first time, the actual minimum variability timescale, Delta t_min, of GRB light curves. Implementing our technique to the largest sample of GRBs collected by Swift and Fermi instruments reveals that only less than 10% of GRBs exhibit evidence for variability on timescales below 2 ms. Investigation on various energy bands of the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) onboard Fermi shows that the tightest constraints on progenitor radii derive from timescales obtained from the hardest energy channel of light curves (299--1000 keV). Our derivations for the minimum Lorentz factor, Gamma_min, and the minimum emission radius, R = 2c Gamma_min^2 Delta t_min / (1+z), find Gamma < 400 which imply typical emission radii R ~ 1 X 10^14 cm for long-duration GRBs and R ~ 3 X 10^13 cm for short-duration GRBs (sGRBs). I present the Reionization and Transients InfraRed (RATIR) followup of LIGO/Virgo Gravitational-wave events especially for the G194575 trigger. I show that expanding our pipeline to search for either optical riZ or near-infrared YJH detections (3 or more bands) should result in a false-alarm-rate ~1% (one candidate in the vast 100 deg^2 LIGO error region) and an efficiency ~90%. I also present the results of a 5-year comprehensive SN search by the Palomar Transient Factory aimed to measure the SN rates in the local Luminous Infrared Galaxies. We find that the SN rate of the sample, 0.05 +/- 0.02 1/yr (per galaxy), is consistent with that expected from the theoretical prediction, 0.060 +/- 0.002 1/yr (per galaxy).
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Astrophysics 2017
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Books on the topic "Explosive transients"

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Walter, Donald A. Simulation of advective flow under steady-state and transient recharge conditions, Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Northborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Walter, Donald A. Simulation of advective flow under steady-state and transient recharge conditions, Camp Edwards, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Northborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Stapleton, Erin K. The Intoxication of Destruction in Theory, Culture and Media. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724531.

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This book examines the desire for, and intoxication with, destruction as it appears in cultural objects and representation, arguing that all cultural and aesthetic value is fundamentally predicated on its own fragility, as well as the living transience of those who make and encounter it. Beginning with a philosophy of expenditure after Georges Bataille, each chapter maps different operations of destruction in media and culture. These operations are expressed and located in representations of human extinction and explosive architecture, in the body and in sexuality, and in media and digital archives, which constitute a further destabilisation of the notion of destruction in the dynamic between aspirational immortality and material volatility embedded in the archival systems of digital cultures.
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Oesterreich, Mark H. Transient response analysis of the 72 Inch TAC-4 ruggedized shipboard rack subjected to an underwater explosion event. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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Maund, Justyn, and Ferdinando Patat. Polarimetry of Explosive Transients. Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020.

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D, Holland Anne, and Langley Research Center, eds. Transient/structural analysis of a combustor under explosive loads. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1992.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Final report for the NASA/MIT explosive transient camera (ETC) program. [Boston]: Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.

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Transient Response Analysis of the 72 Inch TAC-4 Ruggedized Shipboard Rack Subjected to an Underwater Explosion Event. Storming Media, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Explosive transients"

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Reig, O. A. "Karyotypic Repatterning as One Triggering Factor in Cases of Explosive Speciation." In Evolutionary Biology of Transient Unstable Populations, 246–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74525-6_15.

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Ho, Anna Y. Q. "Evidence for Late-Stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN 2018gep, a Broad-Lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient." In The Landscape of Relativistic Stellar Explosions, 147–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15367-9_6.

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"Transient Combustion of Propellants and Pyrolants." In Propellants and Explosives, 393–433. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693481.ch13.

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Farnfield, R., and S. Mencacci. "The measurement and analysis of near-field pressure transients in production blasting." In Explosives and Blasting Technique, 467–73. Taylor & Francis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833476.ch57.

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"Fuel and Obstacle Dependence in Premixed Transient Deflagrations." In Dynamic Aspects of Explosion Phenomena, 51–58. Washington DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866272.0051.0058.

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"Criteria for transience or recurrence and explosion or non-explosion of diffusion processes." In Positive Harmonic Functions and Diffusion, 235–82. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511526244.007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Explosive transients"

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Vanderspek, Roland, Hans A. Krimm, and George R. Ricker. "The search for optical transients with the explosive transient camera." In Gamma-ray bursts: Second workshop. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.45844.

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Kim, Soon-Wook. "Flares in X-ray transients." In The first KIAS astrophysics workshop: Explosive phenomena in astrophysical compact objects. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1368295.

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Burgay, M., M. A. McLaughlin, and S. P. Reynolds. "On the debated nature of Rotating RAdio Transients." In THE MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS. American Institute of Physics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2774917.

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Vestrand, W. T. "Mining the Sky for Explosive Optical Transients with Both Eyes Open." In GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY: Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1810945.

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Ge, Lei, Yantao Wang, Huipeng Hu, Lijun Li, and Yiben Zhang. "Numerical Study on Explosion Cutting Process of PMMA Plate and Key Factors Influence on Cutting Performance." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86793.

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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been widely utilized to manufacture the covers of aircraft cockpits, naval vessels, car windows and so on, due to their high transmittance, low density, easy processing formability, high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. Under special conditions such as ejection lifesaving, the PMMA plate needs to be split precisely by explosion cutting technology. Hence, an accurate numerical simulation of PMMA structures is significantly important in engineering application. This paper aims to study the cutting behavior of PMMA plate numerically and investigate the influencing factors on cutting performance of PMMA plates. First of all, the simulation of explosion cutting process of PMMA plate is carried out by a non-linear explicit solver in LS-DYNA software using the fluid-solid coupling method. Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state is used to simulate the relationship between the transient pressure and specific volume of explosives during explosion. The material model considering failure behaviors is used in the simulation. Additionally, the influence of explosive dosage as well as explosive type on the cutting performance of PMMA plate is investigated. Furthermore, the effect of PMMA geometry size on cutting performance is discussed. This study contributes to the knowledge for the design of PMMA structures which needs explosion cutting and the selection of explosive dosage and explosive type.
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Van den Abeele, F., and P. Verleysen. "Finite Element Analysis of Subsea Pipelines Subjected to Underwater Explosion." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10736.

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Underwater mines and explosives, left in ports and harbours after World War II, can still pose a threat to subsea pipelines. In case of an accidental explosion, or even during controlled detonation, such explosives can cause significant damage to subsea pipelines. To assess the safety of pipelines exposed to an underwater explosion, finite element analyses are performed to predict the transient response of the pipeline to an acoustic pressure shock wave. This type of problem is characterized by a strong coupling between the structural response of the pipe and the acoustic pressure on the wetted interface between the pipe surface and the surrounding seawater. The spherical pressure wave induced by an underwater explosion is characterized by a very steep wave front, where the maximum pressure is attained over an extremely short rise time. The pressure then drops off exponentially over a significantly longer period of time. As a result, the structural behaviour is a combination of a long time response, dominated by an added mass effect (low frequency), a short time response, governed by radiation damping (high frequency), and an intermediate time-frequency response, where both added mass and radiation damping effects are present. In this paper, a finite element model is presented to simulate the transient response of a subsea pipeline subjected to an underwater explosion. The close coupling between acoustic pressure and structural response gives rise to numerical challenges like the accurate formulation and representation of the shock wave, the mesh requirements for the acoustic domain, and the position of the surface based absorbing radiation boundaries. An explicit dynamic solver is used to tackle these challenges, and to predict the behaviour of subsea pipelines exposed to an underwater explosion. The numerical results are compared to published experimental data, and can be used to assess the safety of submerged pipelines in the vicinity of explosives.
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Stewart, D. Scott, Sunhee Yoo, David E. Lambert, Mark Elert, Michael D. Furnish, Ricky Chau, Neil Holmes, and Jeffrey Nguyen. "CRITICAL IGNITION TRANSIENTS IN CONDENSED EXPLOSIVES." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2833082.

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Vanderspek, Roland, John P. Doty, and George R. Ricker. "Current status of the explosive transient camera." In Gamma-ray bursts. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42773.

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Akus, Yener, and R. Orhan Yildirim. "Effect of Thickness on Deformation of Plates Subjected to Transient High Pressures." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58628.

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Abstract:
Blast loading can induce a substantial amount of damage in structural elements such as, beams and plates, the shape and extent of which is quite difficult to predict. This work investigates the changes in the deformation of a square plate that undergoes a constant weight explosive detonation with changing plate thickness. As a first step, free field explosion is investigated. After the calculation of the pressures and forces acting on the plate, and the positive phase duration of the pulse, the non-dimensional impulse values are found. Plate tearing is predicted by using these non-dimensional impulse values. The same plate is modelled and solved for the numerical prediction of the midpoint deflection. Using this procedure, the effect of the plate thickness is investigated for the deformation of plates. The results of the theoretical and numerical solutions are then compared with the experimental findings.
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Thomas, Keith A. "Transient Detonation Processes in a Plastic Bonded Explosive." In Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001: 12th APS Topical Conference. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1483714.

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Reports on the topic "Explosive transients"

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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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