Academic literature on the topic 'Explosive single-leg jumps'
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Journal articles on the topic "Explosive single-leg jumps"
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Hamilton, Ryan J., Carl D. Paton, and William G. Hopkins. "Effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Performance of Competitive Distance Runners." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.1.1.40.
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In a recent study competitive road cyclists experienced substantial gains in sprint and endurance performance when sessions of high-intensity interval training were added to their usual training in the competitive phase of a season. The current study reports the effect of this type of training on performance of 20 distance runners randomized to an experimental or control group for 5 to 7 weeks of training. The experimental group replaced part of their usual competitive-phase training with 10 × 30-minute sessions consisting of 3 sets of explosive single-leg jumps (20 for each leg) alternating with 3 sets of resisted treadmill sprints (5 × 30-second efforts alternating with 30-second recovery). Before and after the training period all runners completed an incremental treadmill test for assessment of lactate threshold and maximum running speed, 2 treadmill runs to exhaustion for prediction of 800- and 1500-m times, and a 5-km outdoor time trial. Relative to the control group, the mean changes (±90% confidence limits) in the experimental group were: maximum running speed, 1.8% (± 1.1%); lactate-threshold speed, 3.5% (±3.4%); predicted 800-m speed, 3.6% (± 1.8%); predicted 1500-m speed, 3.7% (± 3.0%); and 5-km time-trial speed, 1.2% (± 1.1%). We conclude that high-intensity resistance training in the competitive phase is likely to produce beneficial gains in performance for most distance runners.
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Hermassi, Souhail, Mohamed Chelly, Georg Fieseler, Thomas Bartels, Stephan Schulze, Karl-Stefan Delank, Roy Shephard, and René Schwesig. "Effects of In-Season Explosive Strength Training on Maximal Leg Strength, Jumping, Sprinting, and Intermittent Aerobic Performance in Male Handball Athletes." Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 31, no. 03 (June 29, 2017): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-103469.
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Abstract Background Team handball is an intense ball sport with specific requirements on technical skills, tactical understanding, and physical performance. The ability of handball players to develop explosive efforts (e. g. sprinting, jumping, changing direction) is crucial to success. Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of an in-season high-intensity strength training program on the physical performance of elite handball players. Materials and methods Twenty-two handball players (a single national-level Tunisian team) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n = 10) or a training group (TG; n = 12). At the beginning of the pilot study, all subjects performed a battery of motor tests: one repetition maximum (1-RM) half-squat test, a repeated sprint test [6 × (2 × 15 m) shuttle sprints], squat jumps, counter movement jumps (CMJ), and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. The TG additionally performed a maximal leg strength program twice a week for 10 weeks immediately before engaging in regular handball training. Each strength training session included half-squat exercises to strengthen the lower limbs (80 – 95 % of 1-RM, 1 – 3 repetitions, 3 – 6 sets, 3 – 4 min rest between sets). The control group underwent no additional strength training. The motor test battery was repeated at the end of the study interventions. Results In the TG, 3 parameters (maximal strength of lower limb: η² = 0.74; CMJ: η² = 0.70, and RSA best time: η² = 0.25) showed significant improvements, with large effect sizes (e. g. CMJ: d = 3.77). A reduction in performance for these same 3 parameters was observed in the CG (d = -0.24). Conclusions The results support our hypothesis that additional strength training twice a week enhances the maximal strength of the lower limbs and jumping or repeated sprinting performance. There was no evidence of shuttle sprints ahead of regular training compromising players’ speed and endurance capacities.
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Arisetiawan, Rachlai Eko, Andi Fepriyanto, and Nugroho Agung Supriyanto. "Plyometrics: Meningkatkan Power Otot Tungkai dan Under Shoot Atlet Bola Basket." Journal Sport Area 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2020.vol5(1).4059.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plyometric exercises in single leg jump and depth on explosive power and under shoot. This study used 18 basketball players. The results showed a significant influence between before and after training in group I plyometric single leg jump to increase power and under shoot results, in group II depth jump was a significant effect between before and after training on increasing power and under shoot, whereas in group III the control had no significant effect on increasing power and under shooting. It can be concluded that the group I plyometric single leg jump and group II depth jump explosive power and under shoot both have a significant influence on basketball athletes.
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Carolan, David, Enda King, Chris Richter, Andy Franklyn-Miller, Ray Moran, and Mark Jackson. "Differences in Strength, Patient-Reported Outcomes, and Return-to-Play Rates Between Athletes With Primary Versus Revision ACL Reconstruction at 9 Months After Surgery." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 232596712095003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120950037.
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Background: Patient-reported outcomes and return-to-play (RTP) rates are inferior after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) compared with primary ACLR. Physical properties such as maximal, explosive, and reactive strength influence reinjury and RTP rates after ACLR. No study has compared these outcomes between revision and primary ACLR. Purpose: To compare maximal, explosive, and reactive strength of the ACLR limb, as well as patient-reported outcomes and RTP rates between primary and revision ACLR at 9 months after surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A comparative study was performed at 9 months after surgery for 344 male athletes who had undergone ACLR (298 primary, 46 revision). Maximal strength of the ACLR limb was measured by means of isokinetic dynamometry. Explosive strength was measured by use of single-leg countermovement jump height, and reactive strength was measured by single-leg drop jump. Patient-reported outcomes and responses to RTP questionnaires were recorded for both groups. Results: The primary ACLR group had higher scores than the revision ACLR group for single-leg countermovement jump height ( P = .02) and single-leg drop jump reactive strength index ( P = .01) on the ACLR limb. No significant difference was observed between groups on maximal strength of the quadriceps or hamstring, and no significant difference in limb symmetry index was observed between groups on any strength or jump test. The primary ACLR group demonstrated higher scores on the Marx Activity Rating Scale ( P = .03) and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport after Injury scale ( P < .001). Athletes in the primary ACLR group were more likely to have returned to sport ( P < .001). Conclusion: At 9 months after surgery, athletes who had undergone revision ACLR achieved maximal strength similar to that of athletes who had undergone primary ACLR. However, athletes who had revision ACLR demonstrated lower scores on explosive and reactive strength tests. Athletes who underwent revision ACLR had lower RTP rates at 9 months after surgery, potentially due to explosive and reactive strength deficits and lower perceived readiness for RTP.
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Schiltz, Marc, Cédric Lehance, Didier Maquet, Thierry Bury, Jean-Michel Crielaard, and Jean-Louis Croisier. "Explosive Strength Imbalances in Professional Basketball Players." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.39.
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Abstract Context: Despite the high rate of lower limb injuries in basketball players, studies of the dominant-limb effect in elite athletes often neglect injury history. Objective: To determine lower limb explosive-strength asymmetries in professional basketball players compared with junior basketball players and control participants. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Academic medical institution. Patients or Other Participants: 15 professional basketball players, 10 junior basketball players, and 20 healthy men. Main Outcome Measure(s): We performed an isokinetic examination to evaluate the knee extensor (Ext) and flexor (Fl) concentric peak torque at 60°·s−1 and 240°·s−1 and (Fl only) eccentric peak torque at 30°·s−1 and 120°·s−1. Functional evaluation included countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms, 10-m sprint, single-leg drop jump, and single-leg, 10-second continuous jumping. Variables were compared among groups using analysis of variance or a generalized linear mixed model for bilateral variables. Results: The 2 groups of basketball players demonstrated better isokinetic and functional performances than the control group did. No differences in functional or relative isokinetic variables were noted between professional and junior basketball players. Professional players with a history of knee injury failed to reach normal knee extensor strength at 60°·s−1. Knee Ext (60°·s−1) and Fl (eccentric 120°·s−1) torque values as well as 10-second continuous jumping scores were higher in those professional players without a history of knee injury than those with such a history. Compared with the group without a history of knee injury, the group with a history of knee injury maintained leg asymmetry ratios greater than 10% for almost all isokinetic variables and more than 15% for unilateral functional variables. Conclusions: The relative isokinetic and functional performances of professional basketball players were similar to those of junior players, with no dominant-side effect. A history of knee injury in the professional athlete, however, was reflected in bilateral isokinetic and functional asymmetries and should be considered in future studies of explosive strength.
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Huang, Yu-Lun, Eunwook Chang, Samuel T. Johnson, Christine D. Pollard, Mark A. Hoffman, and Marc F. Norcross. "Explosive Quadriceps Strength and Landing Mechanics in Females with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 7431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207431.
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Lower explosive quadriceps strength, quantified as rate of torque development (RTD), may contribute to landing mechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, the association between quadriceps RTD and landing mechanics during high demand tasks remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of quadriceps RTD on sagittal plane landing mechanics during double-leg jump landings (DLJL) and single-leg jump cuts (SLJC) in females with and without ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Quadriceps RTD was measured during isometric muscle contractions. Landing mechanics were collected during DLJL and SLJC tasks. Separate stepwise multiple linear regression models determined the amount of variance in sagittal plane landing mechanics that could be explained by quadriceps RTD, group (ACLR or Control), and their interaction. The results indicate that greater quadriceps RTD is associated with lower loading rate (p = 0.02) and longer time to peak vertical ground reaction force (p = 0.001) during SLJC, regardless of ACLR status. As greater loading rate may lead to higher risk of ACL injuries and post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis post-ACLR, explosive muscle strength interventions might be useful for individuals with and without ACLR to facilitate the use of safer landing mechanics.
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Hermassi, Souhail, Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly, Herbert Wagner, Georg Fieseler, Stephan Schulze, Karl-Stefan Delank, Roy J. Shephard, and René Schwesig. "Relationships between maximal strength of lower limb, anthropometric characteristics and fundamental explosive performance in handball players." Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 33, no. 02 (February 14, 2018): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124496.
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Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between lower body muscular strength, anthropometric characteristics and several measures of explosive performance in elite team-handball players. Methods 22 male elite team-handball players (age: 19.1 ± 1.7 years) were studied during the competitive season. Standard anthropometric and body composition measures included body mass index, lower limb and thigh muscle volume, and body fat percentage. Maximal leg strength was determined by a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) half back-squat. Vertical jump performance was assessed using a squat jump (SJ) and a counter movement jump (CMJ). Repeated shuttle-sprint ability (RSA) was tested by 6 (2 × 15 m) shuttle sprints with 20 s of active recovery intervals. The best time in a single shuttle sprint (30m; RSAbest), fastest total time (RSATT) and RSA test performance decrement (RSAdec) were recorded. Agility was measured using a modified T-half test (MAT). Throwing velocities of jump shooting and 3-step throwing were recorded by digital video camera. Results The explained variance of 1-RM half-back-squats ranged from 0.2 % (RSA% Fatigue Index) to 70.1 % (CMJ). Four out of 8 variables (RSA Best Time, CMJ, SJ, throwing velocity of jump shoot) demonstrated an r2 > 0.5. Jump performances seemed closely related to 1-RM half-back-squats. Furthermore, 1-RM half-back-squats were positively correlated with leg and thigh muscle volumes (r = 0.652, r = 0.768). Conclusion The anthropometric characteristics and some physical performance tests are closely related to the maximal strength performance of handball players. Coaches should focus on maximal strength training programs for the lower limbs when seeking improvements in the throwing velocity and jump performance of handball players.
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Khayyat, Hadi Nabizadeh, Sibel Güler Sağır, Özkan Hataş, Marcin Smolarczyk, and Cengiz Akalan. "Physical, physiological and psychological profiles of elite Turkish taekwondo athletes." Biomedical Human Kinetics 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2020-0024.
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SummaryStudy aim: To identify the physical, physiological and psychological profiles of elite Turkish taekwondo athletes.Material and methods: Twelve players of the Turkish national taekwondo team (age = 22.7 ± 2.8 years, BMI = 22.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2, body fat = 12.8 ± 3.4%) participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements including leg length and foot size were assessed. Maximal oxygen uptake, explosive power of leg extensors, isokinetic peak torque, muscular endurance, anaerobic power, agility, flexibility, maximal speed, reaction time, and postural balance were examined by incremental treadmill running, vertical jump, isokinetic strength, sit-ups and push-ups, Wingate, shuttle run, sit-and-reach, 30-meter sprint, multiple-choice reaction time, and General Postural Stability and Athlete Single Leg stability tests, respectively. Psychological characteristics including mental skills and mood states were evaluated using OMSAT-3 and POMS tests.Results: VO2max, isokinetic peak torque and Wingate test mean power values were 54.1 ± 4.4 mL ∙ kg−1 ∙ min−1, 191.7 ± 19.2 N ∙ m, and 9 ± 0.7 W/kg, respectively. Postural stability index 0.18 ± 0.06, single leg stability index 0.82 ± 0.11, reaction time 0.344 ± 0.032 s, 10 × 5-m shuttle run 17.09 ± 0.68 s, 30-meter sprint 4.60 ± 0.23 s, and vertical jump 43.5 ± 6.1 cm were the other values reported. The highest scores for the 12 mental skills in OMSAT-3 were for goal setting (6.25 ± 0.45) and self-confidence (6.16 ± 0.45). The lowest score was for Imagery (5.64 ± 0.36). The results of six mood states of POMS showed higher scores on the Vigor-activity, Anger-Hostility and Tension-Anxiety scales and lower scores on Depression-Dejection, Fatigue-Inertia and Confusion-Bewilderment than norms.Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed the physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics in taekwondo. The results of the tests could be useful for performance assessment of taekwondo players.
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Tramel, Whitney, Robert G. Lockie, Keston G. Lindsay, and J. Jay Dawes. "Associations between Absolute and Relative Lower Body Strength to Measures of Power and Change of Direction Speed in Division II Female Volleyball Players." Sports 7, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7070160.
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Volleyball is a sport comprised of multiple explosive efforts and multidirectional change of direction speed (CODS) actions. Since strength underpins both of these abilities, it is important to explore the relationship between these variables in order to develop strength and conditioning programs to optimize performance. The purpose of this study is to determine if a relationship exists between absolute and relative strength and measures of power and CODS in collegiate volleyball players. Archived testing data from ten (n = 10, age: 19.1 ± 1.2 yrs, Ht: 173.1 ± 6.64 cm, Wt: 67 ± 7.04 kg) female DII collegiate volleyball players were analyzed. These data included: block vertical jump (Block VJ), approach vertical jump (Approach VJ), a repeat jump test (i.e., four consecutive VJs), modified T-test, 5-0-5 agility test, a single leg triple hop test, and a 1-3RM deadlift. Significant large correlations were observed between relative strength and the repeat jump test, modified T-test, and 5-0-5 agility test. Significant correlations were also observed between absolute strength and the modified T-test. These results indicate that strength and conditioning professionals should emphasize the development of both absolute and relative lower-body strength to improve measures of power and agility in collegiate volleyball players.
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Panidi, Kotsala, Bogdanis, Gaspari, Spiliopoulou, Terzis, and Donti. "Muscle Architecture of Gastrocnemius Medialis and Rate of Force Development during Different Stretching Protocols." Proceedings 25, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019025022.
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AIM: Rate of force development (RFD) of the leg extensor muscles is important for jumping performance. Static stretching has been shown to reduce explosive force generation, but little is known regarding changes in muscle architectural characteristics due to stretching and jumping performance alterations. Τhe aim of this study was to determine the effects of two different static stretching protocols (20 or 60 s) on gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle architectural characteristics and RFD during jumping in a population with long-term flexibility training background. MATERIAL & METHOD: Twelve female professional ballet dancers (age, 25.3 ± 2.2 years) performed 5 days of testing using a single leg stretching and jumping design. RFD during one-leg countermovement jump and jump height were measured on the first visit. On the other four visits, dancers stretched their hamstrings, quadriceps and plantar flexors for 20 or 60 s per muscle group, in a counterbalanced order. Immediately after stretching, RFD and jump height were measured. Fascicle length (FL), pennation angle (PA), and muscle thickness (MT) at the medial and the distal part of GM were assessed at rest and during static stretching for each protocol, using ultrasonography. RESULTS: There was a main effect of time for FL, PA, and MT (p < 0.01) with no difference between stretching protocols, at the medial and distal parts of GM, in FL (p = 0.373 and p = 0.651, respectively), PA (p = 0.724 and p = 0.477, respectively) and MT (p = 0.314 and p = 0.444, respectively). Greater FL elongation was observed at the medial compared to the distal part of GM (p = 0.013) during the long stretching protocol. RFD significantly decreased after the long stretching protocol (p = 0.019), while it remained unchanged in the short stretching protocol (p = 0.061). Significant correlations were found between resting FL at the medial part of GM and RFD (r = −0.645, p = 0.05) and between fascicle elongation at the medial part of GM and CMJ height (r = 0.717, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The long static stretching protocol induced non-uniform adaptations along GM length and decreased RFD, suggesting that prolonged stretching durations should be avoided immediately before activities requiring rapid force production.