Academic literature on the topic 'Explosions au port de Beyrouth (2020)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Explosions au port de Beyrouth (2020)":

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Corbo, Stefano, and Marie-Pierre Duhamel Muller. "Les cicatrices de la ville." Le Visiteur N° 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/visit.027.0043.

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En dix-huit mois, le Liban a été confronté à une série d’événements dramatiques. L’aggravation de la crise économique systémique a fait passer le PIB du pays de 55 milliards de dollars en 2018 à 33 milliards en 2020. L’épidémie de Covid-19 et les terribles explosions au port de Beyrouth en août 2020 ont fait des centaines de victimes et des milliers de blessés, et ont causé des dégâts matériels, qui concernent essentiellement les logements et le patrimoine culturel, estimés à 4 milliards de dollars. De larges zones du front de mer, ainsi que des bâtiments historiques, des hôpitaux, des infrastructures, des entrepôts et le silo à grain principal, ont été sérieusement endommagés. Aujourd’hui, dans le centre-ville, les traces des dégâts causés par ces explosions côtoient d’autres ruines, qui remontent à la guerre civile de 1975-1990, et qui sont tout aussi chargées de connotations politiques et culturelles. À quelques kilomètres du port, en effet, se dresse ce qu’on appelle l’Œuf, une coquille de béton dégradée située à proximité de la place des Martyrs. Conçu en 1965 par l’architecte libanais Joseph Philippe Karam, l’Œuf fait figure de paradigme des problèmes actuels de Beyrouth, mais aussi de ses enjeux et de ses exceptionnelles possibilités. Sa situation nous renseigne sur les relations complexes entre architecture, politique et espace public. Le texte souligne la pertinence de l’Œuf en tant que caisse de résonance de questions plus larges, et décrit son appropriation en tant qu’acte politique. Le choix de l’Œuf comme lieu idéal de débat a cristallisé l’essor de modèles alternatifs de participation, et en même temps a témoigné de la capacité latente de l’architecture à fournir un cadre à l’action. L’Œuf est un amplificateur : ses intérieurs absorbent et réverbèrent l’expression de nouvelles exigences, spatiales et politiques.
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Zoghbi, Marianne, Eugénie Bitar, Elio Haroun, Anthony Nasr, Etienne Melky, and Antoine Zoghbi. "4 août 2020 : explosion du port de Beyrouth, réponse de la Croix-Rouge libanaise et leçons apprises." Médecine de Catastrophe - Urgences Collectives 5, no. 4 (December 2021): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pxur.2021.07.004.

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Berger, Chloé. "Liban : chronique d’une faillite annoncée." Questions internationales 103-104, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/quin.103.0110.

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Resté en marge des troubles qui ont agité la région depuis 2011, le Liban apparaît à bien des égards comme un cas d’école. En dépit de la proximité du conflit syrien, le pays avait réussi à préserver les fragiles équilibres communautaires sur lesquels repose son modèle politico-institutionnel. Or, le mouvement de contestation populaire qui a émergé à l’automne 2019 appelle à une remise en cause fondamentale de ce système et à la définition d’un nouveau contrat social à même de représenter l’ensemble de la population libanaise. Alors que la classe dirigeante libanaise semble bien en peine de proposer des solutions à la mesure des problèmes, la terrible explosion sur le port de Beyrouth qui a endeuillé durant l’été 2020 le Liban a porté la colère des Libanais à son comble .
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Ghalib, Hafidh A. A., Gordon Kraft, Abdulmutaleb Alchalbi, and Robert Wagner. "Seismic Location of the 4 August 2020 Beirut Port Chemical Explosion." Seismological Research Letters 93, no. 1 (October 13, 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220210123.

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Abstract On 4 August 2020 Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, was rocked by a sequence of colocated fires and chemical explosions that left hundreds of people dead, thousands injured and homeless, demolished the city’s seaport, and heavily damaged the surrounding neighborhoods and businesses. The event was well recorded by many regional seismic stations in and around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Using a network of 58 stations, 105 regional seismic phases, and a Bayesian methodology places the event at 1.8 km south of the ground-truth location, the seaport warehouse. Achieving this accuracy is significant, considering very limited local seismic data were available to use in this study. The location bias is attributed, in large part, to a small but statistically significant difference in the Moho velocity for sea paths compared with continental paths. The depth to the Moho is generally consistent with the iasp91 model. Concurrent to the port explosion is a series of unrelated small explosions, 11 s apart, attributed to a seismic survey that was being carried out at the time in the eastern Mediterranean Sea using air guns.
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Calargé, Carla. "Cartographies du deuil dans Mon port de Beyrouth de Lamia Ziadé." Contemporary French Civilization 49, no. 1 (April 2024): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfc.2024.2.

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Cet article examine le quatrième livre illustré de Lamia Ziadé, Mon port de Beyrouth (2021) dans lequel l’auteure-dessinatrice raconte l’explosion du 4 août 2020 qui a fait 215 victimes, plus de 6,000 blessés, détruit 20 pour cent de la capitale libanaise et laissé 300,000 personnes sans domicile. Créé sous le choc de la catastrophe et dans l’urgence de témoigner, ce récit graphique raconte les premiers moments de la tragédie et les semaines qui suivent. En m’appuyant sur le modèle conceptuel d’Avril Maddrell (2016), je propose de cartographier l’expérience de la perte, du deuil et du souvenir dans trois types d’espaces: les espaces physiques, les espaces incarnés psychologiques du corps et de l’esprit et les espaces virtuels. Dans chacun de ces espaces, je montrerai comment s’entrecroisent des cartographies individuelles et collectives; l’œuvre elle-même devenant à la fois l’incarnation et la sublimation d’un travail de deuil individuel et un site de commémoration (collective) des victimes, soit un lieu de mémoire dans lequel s’ancrent le désir de justice et le refus d’oublier.
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Alrashidi, Wafaa. "Strategies in Translating Collocations in Political Texts: Case study of the Beirut Port Explosion 2020." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 23, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v23i2.461.

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: The present study examines the strategies used by Saudi undergraduate students when translating adjective plus noun collocations and verb plus object collocations in political texts from English into Arabic. An English proficiency test, along with a translation test, were conducted to evaluate the performance of the students. The translation test consisted of 10 English collocations selected from 53 random extracts from two online articles on the BBC and The Guardian websites, focusing on the Beirut port explosions in August 2020. The results show that the literal translation technique was highly dominant in translating both types of classification. This indicates that students encounter some obstacles when it comes to determining the correct equivalents in Arabic. However, the data show that sometimes literal translation can sometimes be adequate in translating the political collocations in both types. The data also reveal that a synonymy strategy was adopted more frequently in translating the verb + object than the noun + adjective. This is mainly because the frequency of (un)restrictedness of collocation errors may be limited in political texts because the structure of political texts is different from that of other texts, in the sense that it has a limited number of culture-specific collocations that are frequently translated, and therefore an equivalent can easily be found in the target language.
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Hamama, Islam, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Mohamed N. ElGabry, Noha Ismail Medhat, Hany S. Elbehiri, Adel Sami Othman, Mona Abdelazim, Ahmed Lethy, Sherif M. El-hady, and Hesham Hussein. "Investigation of near-surface chemical explosions effects using seismo-acoustic and synthetic aperture radar analyses." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 3 (March 2022): 1575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009406.

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Chemical explosions are ground truth events that provide data, which, in turn, can enhance the understanding of wave propagation, damage assessment, and yield estimation. On 4 August 2020, Beirut, Lebanon was shocked by a catastrophic explosion, which caused devastating damage to the Mediterranean city. A second strong chemical explosion took place at the Xiangshui, China chemical plant on 21 March 2019. Both events generated shock waves that transitioned to infrasound waves, seismic waves, as well as hydroacoustic signals with accompanying T-phases in the case of the Beirut event. In this work, the seismo-acoustic signatures, yields, and associated damage of the two events are investigated. The differentiainterferometry synthetic aperture radar analysis quantified the surface damage and the estimated yield range, equivalent to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene [C7H5(NO2)3] (TNT), through a “boom” relation of the peak overpressure was evaluated. Infrasound propagation modeling identified a strong duct in the stratosphere with the propagation to the west in the case of the Beirut-Port explosion. In the case of the Xiangshui explosion, the modeling supports the tropospheric propagation toward the Kochi University of Technology (KUT) sensor network in Japan. Although the Beirut yield (202–270 ± 100 tons) was slightly larger than the Xiangshui yield (201 ± 83.5 tons), the near-source damage areas are almost the same based on the distribution of damaged buildings surrounding the explosions.
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Hoteit, Maha, Youssef Al-Atat, Hussein Joumaa, Suheir El Ghali, Rania Mansour, Reem Mhanna, Fatima Sayyed-Ahmad, Pascale Salameh, and Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh. "Exploring the Impact of Crises on Food Security in Lebanon: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Study." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 8753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168753.

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This study aims to explore the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households since the ordeals of COVID-19, economic crisis, and Beirut port explosions. At the core of the study, a mobile application entitled Nutrition Assessment System (NAS) that simplified the data collection was used as toolkit and a technical test was carried out in all Lebanese governorates between November 2020 and March 2021. Findings show that food insecurity is an immediate problem for households in Beirut and in many governorates in Lebanon. Nine in every 16 households ate less than 2 meals per day and more than 70% of them skipped their meals to spare food. Even though half the population studied had a low food consumption score, 82.4% of the people were not relying on livelihood coping strategies. However, more than three out of ten of these households relied on at least three food-based coping strategies. In addition, as for the livelihoods, this assessment found that most Lebanese households reported a drop in income along with an expansion in debt incurrence in the last 24 months to be able to buy food. Improving food security in Lebanon requires effort not only on the part of the government, but through regional and international actions.
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Anas, S. M., Mehtab Alam, and Mohammad Umair. "Air-blast and ground shockwave parameters, shallow underground blasting, on the ground and buried shallow underground blast-resistant shelters: A review." International Journal of Protective Structures 13, no. 1 (October 7, 2021): 99–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20414196211048910.

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Weak political systems and poor governance in certain developing countries are found to have a war-like environment where structures are being targeted by blasts and bombs. Industrial blasts due to frail know-how and mishandlings are also quite common. Recent accidental explosions like that occurred at the Beirut Port, Lebanon (August 2020); ammunition depot in the outskirt of the Ryazan City of Russia (November 2020) are of concern for the safety of adjacent building infrastructure and their users. Such intense loading events cause damage to certain elements of a structure which may result in disproportionate or progressive collapse. It necessitates a clear understanding of the phenomenon of the blast and extreme loads induced out of it, and response of the target structure under such loadings. In this study, the state of research on air-blast and ground shockwave parameters, shallow underground blasting, and on the ground and buried shallow blast-resistant shelters are presented. The phenomenon of the self-Mach-reflection of the explosion, loading parameters and empirical blast models available in the open literature followed by the damage criteria for the buildings subjected to the underground blasting and available peak particle velocity (PPV) prediction models have been discussed. To make the application of advanced materials such as fibrous concrete, ultra-high performance concrete, FRP composites, etc., it is important to comprehend the existing blast/shock-resistant shelters and their response under such loading. The shelters are primarily designed by incorporating features of the materials like high degree of deformability/ductility, use of the shock-isolation panels and the mechanism for controlling crack formations. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future studies are summarised. This paper presents prospects to engineers, town planners, researchers, policymakers and members of the core drafting sectional committees to understand the phenomenon of the blast and extreme loads induced out of it.
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Abou Khalil, Michel. "L’ART POST-CATASTROPHE : UN TÉMOIN ACTIVISTE." BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.54729/olad2674.

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Le Liban, un pays riche artistiquement et intellectuellement, est la scène par excellence d’un enchainement de catastrophes depuis sa naissance jusqu’à nos jours. L’explosion du port de Beyrouth le 4 Août 2020 en constitue l’ultime épisode et peut-être le plus dramatique de tous. Un phénomène inédit s’est révélé suite à cette tragédie sans précédent : la scène culturelle s’est immédiatement mobilisée sans passer par une étape mnésique post catastrophe comme c’est en général le cas après un désastre. Que s’est-il passé ? Pourquoi une telle urgence ? Comment les artistes ont-ils utilisé leur créativité pour exprimer l’indicible, le penser, en témoigner, sensibiliser et commencer un processus de guérison des blessures traumatiques ? Afin de répondre à cette problématique, nous allons explorer une création post-catastrophe relevant des arts visuels. L’exposition L'Art Blessé présentée du 16 décembre 2020 au 16 janvier 2021 à La Villa Audi, propose une série d’oeuvres sinistrées provenant de collections privées beyrouthines. Les dommages subis vont engendrer une mise en abyme où les traces se métamorphosent en oeuvre dans l’oeuvre. La scénographie de l’architecte Jean Louis Mainguy, accompagnée de poèmes et de musique, est ancrée dans l’interdisciplinarité.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Explosions au port de Beyrouth (2020)":

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El, Zoghbi Silvana. "Les essais cliniques au Liban : analyse des défis éthiques en temps de crise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7167.

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Contexte : Cette thèse se concentre sur les essais cliniques au Liban, un sujet peu exploré jusqu'à présent. La conduite d'essais cliniques reste indispensable pour faire progresser la recherche scientifique. Ces trois dernières années, le Liban a été confronté à une série de crises majeures, notamment la crise socio-économique, la pandémie de Covid-19 et l'explosion du port de Beyrouth en août 2020. Il est probable que les essais cliniques aient été significativement impactés par ces événements en raison de la détérioration du système de santé. Dans ce contexte, ce travail examine les enjeux éthiques entourant les essais cliniques au Liban, en mettant l'accent sur les perspectives des médecins, acteurs clés de ces essais, dans un environnement socio-économique, juridique et politique complexe. Méthode : Dans le but de compléter l'analyse exploratoire de la littérature, qui s'est avérée insuffisante pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons opté pour une étude qualitative basée sur des entretiens dirigés. Cette méthode permet d'explorer la problématique en évaluant les représentations des médecins quant à la possibilité de réaliser encore des essais cliniques, en particulier face aux enjeux éthiques, dans le contexte actuel de crise. Grâce à cette approche, les motivations et les préoccupations des médecins pourront être mieux comprises. Résultats : Dans le contexte de la crise économique, politique et sanitaire au Liban, les médecins ont adopté des attitudes mitigées vis-à-vis des essais cliniques. Certains médecins restent intéressés par les essais cliniques ; ils les voient comme une opportunité d'accéder à des traitements innovants pour leurs patients et de contribuer à l'avancement de la recherche médicale malgré les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés. D'autres, cependant, sont préoccupés par les difficultés liées à la conduite des essais cliniques dans un environnement instable, avec des ressources limitées et une pénurie de médicaments et de matériel. En outre, la charge de travail accrue et le stress émotionnel liés à l'insécurité financière, la pandémie de Covid-19 et l'explosion du port de Beyrouth semblent contribuer à un manque de motivation chez les médecins. De plus, l'émigration de médecins qualifiés a rendu difficile la conduite des essais. Selon plusieurs médecins de l'étude, la corruption et l'instabilité politico-économique, ont également conduit à des préoccupations émergentes et une méfiance quant aux conditions de sécurité et d'éthique dans lesquelles les essais sont menés. Discussion : Au Liban, malgré les différentes crises qui ont secoué le pays ces trois dernières années, les essais cliniques sont encore possibles. Cependant, en état de crise, les essais cliniques présentent de nouveaux enjeux éthiques tels que la pertinence des sujets de recherche, la sécurité des participants à l'étude, la qualité de leur information et de leur consentement libre et éclairé, ainsi que l'équité dans leur recrutement. La pression économique sur les établissements de recherche et les chercheurs peut aboutir à une négligence des aspects éthiques de la recherche, telle qu'une supervision inadéquate. La priorisation des essais cliniques dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire peut également entraîner des conflits d'intérêts entre la nécessité de répondre aux besoins urgents de la population et l'évaluation rigoureuse des risques et des avantages de ces essais. Les enjeux éthiques de la recherche clinique au Liban en état de crise nécessitent donc une attention particulière et une application appropriée de la régulation pour assurer la sécurité et le respect des droits des participants. Il convient de noter que les priorités changent en période de crise, et que les besoins en termes d'accès aux soins de base peuvent être plus urgents que les besoins en recherche clinique. Dans ces circonstances, il peut être difficile de trouver un équilibre entre les priorités concurrentes
Context: This thesis focuses on clinical trials in Lebanon, a topic that has been little explored until now. Conducting clinical trials remains essential for advancing scientific research. Over the past three years, Lebanon has faced a series of major crises, including the socio-economic crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the explosion at the port of Beirut in August 2020. It is likely that clinical trials have been significantly impacted by these events due to the deterioration of the healthcare system. In this context, this work examines the ethical issues surrounding clinical trials in Lebanon, with a focus on the perspectives of physicians, key actors in these trials, in a complex socio-economic, legal, and political environment. Method: In order to supplement the exploratory analysis of the literature, which proved insufficient to answer our research question, we opted for a qualitative study based on directed interviews. This method allows us to explore the problem by evaluating the representations of physicians regarding the possibility of still conducting clinical trials, particularly in the face of ethical issues, in the current crisis context. Through this approach, the motivations and concerns of physicians can be better understood. Results: In the context of the economic, political, and health crisis in Lebanon, physicians have adopted mixed attitudes towards clinical trials. Some physicians remain interested in clinical trials; they see them as an opportunity to access innovative treatments for their patients and to contribute to the advancement of medical research despite the challenges they face. Others, however, are concerned about the difficulties associated with conducting clinical trials in an unstable environment, with limited resources and a shortage of drugs and medical equipment. In addition, the increased workload and emotional stress associated with financial insecurity, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the explosion at the port of Beirut appear to contribute to a lack of motivation among physicians. Moreover, the emigration of qualified physicians has made it difficult to conduct trials. According to several physicians in the study, corruption and political-economic instability have also led to emerging concerns and mistrust regarding the safety and ethical conditions under which trials are conducted. Discussion: In Lebanon, despite the various crises that have shaken the country over the past three years, clinical trials are still possible. However, in a state of crisis, clinical trials present new ethical issues such as the relevance of research subjects, the safety of study participants, the quality of their information and free and informed consent, as well as equity in their recruitment. Economic pressure on research institutions and researchers can result in neglect of ethical aspects of research, such as inadequate supervision and poor personnel training. The prioritization of clinical trials in the context of the health crisis can also lead to conflicts of interest between the need to respond to the urgent needs of the population and the rigorous evaluation of the risks and benefits of these trials. The ethical issues of clinical research in Lebanon in a state of crisis therefore require special attention and appropriate regulatory enforcement to ensure the safety and respect for the rights of participants. It should be noted that priorities change in times of crisis, and that the need for access to basic healthcare may be more urgent than the need for clinical research. In these circumstances, it can be difficult to find a balance between competing priorities
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Self, Jonathan. "Impacts of COVID-19 on the Relationships Between Local and International Humanitarian Actors: The Case of Lebanon and the 4 August 2020 Beirut Port Explosions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445120.

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This thesis analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on relationships between international and local humanitarian actors responding to the 4 August 2020 Beirut Port Explosion. The concepts of “the local”, localization, inequality, and remote management provide a theoretical framework for this analysis. Data collection for this case study research includes a review of published and grey literature, and five video interviews with staff of local and international humanitarian organizations in Beirut. Empirical findings show that local-international inequalities—in the forms of limited access, recognition,and control—have been observed in Beirut and Lebanon for decades, and persisted during the port explosion response. This research further suggests that COVID-19 has contributed to an increase in inequality, most notably by reducing the participation of local actors in humanitarian coordination meetings, and disproportionately transferring risk from international to local actors due to a reliance on remote management. Findings also show that the port explosion caused an influx of funding that was disproportionately directed to international actors, and the economic crisis created a currency devaluation that has exacerbated local-international wage disparities and threatened to limit the reach of local NGO activities. Despite the strength of the civil society—shaped by a strong education system, decades of working through crisis, and government inaction—local actors have often been excluded from humanitarian practice in Beirut and Lebanon. At the same time, findings highlight increases in equality: some local actors adapted more quickly than international actors to COVID-19 and were able to leverage their strengths to receive more funding and greater leadership in the port explosion response. These movements demonstrate adaptability in humanitarian practice that would be critically required in any future reform. This thesis concludes with two recommendations: (1) the use of remote management due to COVID-19 is likely problematic and requires further research to identify best practices; and (2) critical localization provides a useful framework to analyze and mitigate the persistence of local-international inequalities infuture humanitarian responses, and helps to find a meaningful way forward.

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