Relevant bibliographies by topics / Explosions

Academic literature on the topic 'Explosions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Explosions"

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Huseinov, R., and Yu Panchuk. "Basic calculation methods of investigation of circumstances and mechanism of man-made explosions." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 23, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2021.20.

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The article purpose is to analyze the danger of man-made explosions and provide calculation methods for determining the mechanism of the occurrence of an explosion during forensic examinations of the study of the circumstances and mechanism of man-made explosions. The relevance of the article is caused by the fact that present-day production and everyday life cannot dispense with the usage of combustible and explosive substances. The particular attention to be paid to emergency prevention related to explosives, as well as the research to determine the mechanism of man-made explosions. The research on the mechanism of man-made explosions will make it possible to determine the technical cause of their occurrence, to analyze for what reason and for whose fault the event occurred, and also what measures should be taken to minimize the likelihood of such situations occurence. It is noted that in order to obtain reliable conclusions about the mechanism of man-made explosions, it is necessary to use scientifically based methods and methodologies allowing us to assess the extent of destruction. The degree of destruction of surrounding building structures and harm to people depends on overpressure caused as the result of a significant expansion of the explosion products and their spread to all directions from the center of explosion. The most frequent causes of explosions in the explosive object are: destruction and damage to production tanks, equipment and pipelines; deviation from production regulations (excess pressure and temperature of equipment operating mode), low-quality control of equipment and work while conducting require work, and untimely or poor-quality maintenance of technological equipment. The main calculation methods for the research of the man-made explosions in open areas, indoors, and limited space are given, which will allow to systematize the research process and analyze the flow of explosions in specific situations, and to establish a mechanism for their occurrence when conducting forensic examinations of the circumstances and mechanism of man-made explosions.
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Davis, Scott, Derek Engel, Kees van Wingerden, and Erik Merilo. "Can gases behave like explosives: Large-scale deflagration to detonation testing." Journal of Fire Sciences 35, no. 5 (September 2017): 434–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904117715648.

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A large vapor cloud explosion followed by a fire is one of the most dangerous and high consequence events that can occur at petrochemical facilities. However, one of the most devastating explosions is when a deflagration transitions to a detonation, which can travel at speeds greater than 1800 m/s and pressures greater than 18 barg. This phenomenon is called a deflagration-to-detonation transition, whereby the deflagration (flame front) continues to accelerate due to confinement or flow-induced turbulence (e.g. obstacles) and ultimately transitions at flame speeds greater than the speed of sound to a detonation. Unlike a deflagration that requires the presence of confinement or obstacles to generate high flame speeds and associated elevated overpressures, a detonation is a self-sustaining phenomenon having the shock front coupled to the combustion. Once established, the resulting detonation will continue to propagate through the vapor cloud at speeds (1800 m/s) that are of similar order as high explosives (7000–8000 m/s). While there are differences between high explosives and vapor cloud explosions (e.g. high explosives can have pressures well in excess of 100 bar), vapor cloud explosions that transition to detonations can cause significant damage due to the extremely high pressures not typically associated with gas phase explosions (>18 barg), high energy release rate per unit mass, and higher impulses due to large cloud sizes. While the likelihood of deflagration-to-detonation transitions is lower than deflagrations, they have been identified in some of the most recent large-scale explosion incidents. The consequences of deflagration-to-detonation transitions can be orders of magnitude larger than deflagrations. This article will present the results of large-scale testing conducted in a newly developed test rig of 1500 m3 gross volume involving stoichiometric, lean, and rich mixtures of propane and methane.
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Eckhoff, Rolf K., and Gang Li. "Industrial Dust Explosions. A Brief Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041669.

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This paper first addresses the question: what is a dust explosion? Afterwards, some specific issues are briefly reviewed: materials that can give dust explosions, factors influencing ignitability and explosibility of dust clouds, the combustion of dust clouds in air, ignition sources that can initiate dust explosions, primary and secondary dust explosions, dust flash fires, explosions of “hybrid mixtures”, and detonation of dust clouds. Subsequently, measures for dust explosion prevention and mitigation are reviewed. The next section presents the case history of an industrial dust explosion catastrophe in China in 2014. In the final section, a brief review is given of some current research issues that are related to the prevention and mitigation of dust explosions. There is a constant need for further research and development in all the areas elucidated in the paper.
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Skřínský, Jan, Ján Vereš, Jana Trávníčková, and Andrea Dalecká. "Explosions Caused by Corrosive Gases/Vapors." Materials Science Forum 844 (March 2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.844.65.

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Gas/vapor cloud explosions and fires are responsible for most of the largest property loss events worldwide in the hydrocarbon industry. Motivation for this article is to summarize explosion pressure caused by corrosive gases/vapors in terms of mathematical modeling. Presented explosions based on real scenarios of accidents associated with transport and storage facilities with corrosive flammable chemicals. While explosions of pure flammable chemicals are well described in the literature, the information about explosions of corrosive and toxic flammable substances is rather scarce. This work aims at studying the explosion behavior of pure hydrogen-air, pure ammonia-air, ammonia-hydrogen-air, ammonia-methanol-air, ammonia-ethanol-air mixtures at different initial temperatures and pressures. The results of mathematical modeling of the calculated maximum explosion pressure are described.
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Byard, Roger W. "Lethal explosions in a non-terrorist civilian setting." Medicine, Science and the Law 58, no. 3 (April 22, 2018): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802418767797.

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A study was undertaken to investigate the range and nature of deaths that may result from explosions in a civilian population that has not been exposed to terrorist attacks or significant military activities. A search was conducted of autopsy files at Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, Australia, from July 2000 to June 2017 for all cases where death had been attributed to an explosion. Twenty cases were identified, consisting of 10 accidents, five suicides, two homicides, one murder-suicide with two decedents and one case where the manner of death was undetermined. Explosives were involved in nine deaths, petrol in seven and propane/butane/natural gas in a further four. Deaths caused by explosions were a rare event, with most cases being caused by accidents in a domestic or industrial environment. Although suicides formed the next most-common group, it is possible that explosions caused by petrol in cases of self-immolation were not intended.
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Sim, Bohoon, Kukjoo Kim, Chunho Kim, Sang-woo Park, Jang-woon Baek, and Youngjun Park. "Experimental Evaluation of Internal Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Structures using Blast Resistance Panels." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.15.

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Blast loading varies based on the location of the explosion. Furthermore, blast loading can be classified into unconfined explosions and confined explosions. Many studies have evaluated blast resistance performance based on unconfined explosions, focusing on military applications. However, there is a paucity of studies considering confined explosions. Given that confined explosions are significantly different from unconfined explosions, full-scale field experiments are necessary for the development of numerical models. Therefore, in this study, the performance of blast resistance panels was evaluated as a method for reducing explosion pressure in facilities such as underground ammunition storage. Two structures were manufactured using normal-strength and high-strength concrete, and 5.9 kg of TNT was blasted internally. The experimental results confirmed that the maximum acceleration could be reduced by 28.87% and 61.65% in the normal-strength and high-strength concrete structures, respectively, when using a blast resistance panel.
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Kostenko, Viktor, Olena Zavialova, Yuliia Novikova, Оlha Bohomaz, Yaroslav Krupka, and Tetiana Kostenko. "SUBSTANTIATING THE PARAMETERS OF QUICKLY ERECTED EXPLOSION-PROOF STOPPING." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 37, no. 4 (2022): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.4.12.

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The objective of this paper is to substantiate the method of construction and design parameters of explosion-proof stoppings for the quick and safe remote sealing-off of the sources of complex fires and explosions in coal mines. A new method was designed for the remote erection of explosion-proof stoppings in mine workings and a mathematical model of mass transfer through the body of a stopping made of discrete material. Tactics were improved for the containment of underground fires and explosions due to rapid remote erection of explosion-proof stoppings. The technology of the quick erection of stoppings made of rocks crushed by an explosion for sealing-off of the emergency sections of the mine has been proposed. A computational model and a method for calculating the parameters of explosion-proof stoppings erected by the method of directed explosion have been created. The results of the calculations open the possibility to prepare the means of containment of dust explosions in advance and to improve the tactics of safe containment of explosions and fires.
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Lowery, Alex W., and Joe Roberts. "Organic Coatings to Prevent Molten Metal Explosions." Materials Science Forum 630 (October 2009): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.630.201.

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Over 60 years ago the first reported molten metal explosion from a bleed-out during direct chill casting in an aluminium mill was reported. Soon thereafter, testing was performed to determine the root cause of the explosion. Upon determination of the root cause, an investigation to determine if any preventive measures could be instituted to prevent the explosions was conducted. Results found that a specific organic coating (e.g., Wise Chem E-212-F) prevented molten metal explosions, whereas some specific organic coatings initiated the explosions. Fifteen years ago the U.S. Department of Energy in conjuncture with the Aluminum Association reinvestigated the root cause of molten metal explosions. Testing revealed that an initiation or trigger had to be present for a molten metal explosion to occur. Testing identified three additional coatings that could afford protection.
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Yu, Jun, Hai-tao Li, Zhen-xin Sheng, Yi Hao, and Jian-hu Liu. "Numerical research on the cavitation effect induced by underwater multi-point explosion near free surface." AIP Advances 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 015021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0136546.

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In this study, the cavitation effect induced by two charges in underwater explosions near free surfaces is numerical researched by two dimensional compressible multiphase fluids based on a four-equation system with a phase transition model. The occurrence of the generation, development, and collapse of cavitation in two-charge underwater explosions near free surfaces can be captured directly. The detailed density, pressure, and vapor volume fraction contours during the interaction process are obtained and can better reveal the characteristic underlying the cavitation, free surface, and explosion bubbles. Numerical results reveal that the cavitation domain has expanded to an area much deeper than the explosion bubble location in two-charge underwater explosions, which should be paid enough attention due to its influence on the input load of underwater structures. The detailed density and pressure contours during the interaction process can also be captured and can better reveal the mechanism underlying the explosion bubble, cavitation, and surface wave dynamics. The present results can expand the currently limited database of multiphase fluid in underwater explosions and also provide new insights into the strong nonlinear interaction between underwater explosion and cavitation, which provides a deep understanding of multi-point explosions.
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Komarov, Alexander, and Jahongir Azamov. "Processing of experimental data describing internal deflagration explosions." E3S Web of Conferences 410 (2023): 02042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341002042.

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This article is devoted to issues related to experimental studies of internal deflagration explosions or emergency explosions occurring inside buildings and premises. In internal emergency explosions, the main role in reducing the explosive pressure to a safe level is played by discharge openings blocked by safety structures (SS). As discharge openings, windows are often used, covered with glazed window blocks, or opened explosion venting structures (EVS). The article deals with processing experimental data obtained in the study of deflagration explosions occurring inside buildings and premises. The main features and difficulties that arise while analyzing experimental materials are described. The article considers the general methodology for processing experimental data to study deflagration explosions inside buildings and premises. Examples of processing materials from experiments performed in chambers equipped with a transparent edge allow high-speed filming of the explosive combustion process inside the chamber. The article presents a technique that allows, based on data processing on the overpressure in the explosion chamber, to obtain complete characteristics of the loads that occur in the experimental chamber during an internal deflagration explosion. The proposed technique makes it possible to abandon the transparent edge of the explosion chamber and obtain data on the explosion process based on the numerical processing of the excess pressure created in the explosion chamber. An example of processing a full-scale experiment to determine the effectiveness of a real explosion venting structure (EVS) is given.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Explosions"

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Steeves, Laura. "SIMPLIFYING TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELING OF METHANE EXPLOSIONS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/47.

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Traditional methods of studying underground coal mine explosions are limited to observations and data collected during experimental explosions. These experiments are expensive, time-consuming, and require major facilities, such as the Lake Lynn Experimental Mine. The development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of explosions can help minimize the need for large-scale testing. This thesis utilized the commercial CFD software, SC/Tetra, to examine three case studies. The first case study modeled the combustion of methane in a scaled shock tube, measuring approximately 1 foot by 1 foot, by 20.5 feet long, with a methane cloud of 2.5 feet in length, at a concentration of 9% methane. The numerical results from the CFD model were in good agreement with experimental data gathered, with all pressure peaks within 0.25 psi of the recorded pressure data. However, the model had an extensive run-time of 16 hours to reach the peak pressures. The second case study modeled the same explosion, but utilized a total pressure boundary condition at the location of the membrane, instead of the combustion of methane. A pressure-time curve was assigned to this boundary, recreating the release of pressure by the explosion. This was made possible with the knowledge of the experimental data. The numerical results from the CFD model were in excellent agreement with experimental data gathered, with all pressure peaks within 0.07 psi of the recorded pressure data. Alternatively, this model had a run-time of 40 minutes. The third case study modeled a methane explosion in a large shock tube, measuring 8 feet by 8 feet, by 40 feet long, with a methane cloud of 4 feet in length, at a concentration of 9% methane. The bursting balloon technique was employed, which did not model the combustion of methane, but instead the equivalent energy release. The numerical results from the CFD model were in good agreement with the experimental data gathered, with all pressure peaks within 0.025 psi of the recorded pressure data. Additionally, the numerical results modeled the negative pressure phenomenon observed in the experimental results, caused by suction or negative pressure created by the blast wave, immediately following the positive wave. This model had a run-time of 20 minutes. The results of this researched provided validation that there are alternative ways to successfully model methane explosion, without having to model the chemical reactions involved in the combustion of methane, providing quicker run-times and in this case, more accurate results.
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Lee, Julian. "Detonation mechanisms in a condensed-phase porous explosive." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1997. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1677.

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In the present study, we experimentally investigate detonation mechanisms in heterogeneous media using a model explosive in which the physical and chemical properties can be easily varied. The model explosive is composed of a packed bed of solid inert beads with a liquid explosive completely filling the voids between the beads. The liquid explosive consists of NM chemically sensitized with diethylenetriamine (DETA), and glass beads ranging in size from 66 µm to 2.4 mm. By changing the bead size in a mixture of NM with 15% DETA in glass beads, we have found two very different types of critical diameter behavior for small and large beads. For beads smaller than 1 mm in diameter (regime II), the critical diameter of the mixture increases with increasing bead size. For beads larger than 1 mm (regime I), the trend is reversed . Velocity measurements in the three regimes of propagation show a weak diameter-effect for regimes I and II and unstable velocities in regime III. Hence we have found three distinct regimes of detonation propagation that depend on the local physical and chemical length-scales of the heterogeneous explosive. Reducing the amount of DETA was found to cause a sharp increase in the critical diameter in regime I and a slight decrease in the critical diameter in regime II, further emphasizing the difference in the propagation mechanisms. To interpret the observed regimes of detonation behavior, we propose two competing propagation mechanisms within the explosive. In regime I, the global detonation front is controlled by local detonation wavelets that propagate in the pores between the beads. Here, the local diffraction and reinitiation of the wavelets is assumed to play an important role in the macroscopic detonation properties. In regime II, the global detonation is controlled by a sympathetic mechanism of shock initiation of isolated explosive pockets in the porous bead bed. A simple qualitative model was developed based on hot spot generation from both particles and natural detonation-front instabilities. The competition between these two types of hot spots is found to play a crucial role in the transition from one detonation propagation regime to the other. Natural hot spots dominate the detonation propagation in the regime I while particle-generated hot spots dominate the regime II. The model agrees qualitatively with the experimental results, and hence provides a promising approach to modeling the two propagation regimes in the present packed-bead explosive. The present study thus lends insight into two types of micro-mechanisms in heterogeneous condensed phase explosives and provides a qualitative model capable describing the detonation properties caused by multiple-regime behavior."--Résumé abrégé par UMI
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Mendonça, Filho Letivan Gonçalves de. "Propostas de distancias de segurança para edificações com base em estudos de efeitos de explosões referenciados ao equivalente TNT." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266212.

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Orientador: Reginaldo Guirardello, Demetrio Bastos Netto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MendoncaFilho_LetivanGoncalvesde_D.pdf: 5427915 bytes, checksum: 7869e5fa656a6b2cc31cdebb6074d24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Este trabalho utiliza o conhecimento científico relativo a explosões e efeitos associados para sugerir distâncias de segurança para proteção de edificações nas proximidades de explosivos e atmosferas inflamáveis, para aplicação nas áreas civil e militar. Através da análise de um inquérito de um acidente ocorrido em 1964 foi possível relacionar as duas metodologias utilizadas para estabelecer as distâncias atuais de segurança para habitações. Verificou-se algumas falhas em um dos trabalhos originais e com a correção proposta foram apresentadas novas equações relacionando massa de explosivo, distância e o custo de reparos para residências. Avaliou-se as distâncias de segurança adotadas no Brasil por meio de diversas correlações estatísticas. Foi realizado um estudo experimental consistindo na montagem e posicionamento de uma carga de explosivo em frente a uma edificação, a uma distancia variável de uma vidraça fixa. Com base neste estudo foram identificados diversos aspectos referentes à fragmentação de vidraças como: Relação entre espessura, impulso e velocidade de fragmentos. Novas distâncias de segurança foram propostas considerando uma diferenciação em relação ao tipo de estabelecimento, uso de taludes e o equivalente TNT da massa de explosivo. Uma alternativa de armazenagem é mostrada baseada no conceito de separação em compartimentos dos materiais explosivos para adequar os valores de distância de segurança praticados com os valores idealizados. No caso de explosões gasosas, tratou-se um caso real envolvendo uma explosão em um navio de transporte de material inflamável. Com base neste estudo foram propostas novas distâncias de segurança para atmosferas explosivas, usando o método multi-energético e o conhecimento da relação entre danos e sobrepressão desenvolvidos
Abstract: This work uses the original military scientific know how on explosions and its effects to suggest safety distances to cases dealing with explosives and inflammable atmospheres. Considering the information contained in an investigation of an accident which took place in 1964 in a production line of gunpowder at the "Fabrica Presidente Vargas",in the city of Piquete, São Paulo, it was possible to relate and review the two main techniques used as the basis of the actual safety distances in inhabited building in USA and Europe. Based on this study it was suggested some corrections at the american technique. With the correction it was possible to suggest two probit equations relating distance, weight of explosives and the repair costs to brick and wood houses. As the American analysis to determinate the safety distances was based on a patrimonial criterion and we were interested in establishing a criterion centered in the human being, severa I statistical correlations were employed to evaluate the effect of explosions on the human being, considering the safety distances of the Brazilian legislation. Due to the relevance of the risks associated with the glass hazards generated in window breakage by . overpressure an experimental study was performed. The experiment consisted in blasting explosive charge close to window so that the initial velocity was measured using a laser system with an electronic chronometer. The overpressure generated by the blast broke the window and threw the fragments against a special kind of foam glued on a wood wall. Some of the fragments were caught by the foam, in such away that it was possible to identify aspects concerning window breakaging relations between fragments thickness and ~nitial velocity .Also the effect of drag on the terminal velocity of fragments. Based on these studies new safety distances were suggested take in account the diversity of the establishments. '.The attenuation effect by the use of barriers and the TNT equivalents of explosives- and propellants were considered also in the new safety distances. The new values were compared with the Brazilian legislation leading to a proposal for storage of explosive materiais dividing them into severa I compartments to be adequate the actual values of the legislation with the suggested one. Considering the case of gas/vapor explosion, we dealt with a real case of explosion. Aspects related to evaporation, dispersion and development of inflammable and explosives atmospheres were considered along with the analysis of sensitivity of stimulus to ignition. A mechanism of the storage vessel rupture was suggested. based on the thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of the combustion system. Having the motivation of the necessity to define safety distances in similar cases it was suggested safety distances using the multi energy method developed by the TNO and the knowledge of the relation between damage and overpressure
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Leuret, Frédéric. "Etude de la transition déflagration-détonation dans une composition explosive à faible porosité." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2285.

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L'objet de ce travail est de contribuer a une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes conduisant a la transition deflagration-detonation (tdd) dans les explosifs condenses. Il s'agit d'un probleme qui a des applications pratiques importantes dans le domaine de la securite des explosifs et des propergols. Pour cela, la transition deflagration-detonation a ete etudiee dans le cas d'une composition explosive a base d'octogene et a faible porosite. L'amorcage de l'explosif etait obtenu par un dispositif thermique de facon a simuler une sollicitation de type incendie. Les experiences ont ete effectuees principalement avec des charges cylindriques de diametre 16 mm et de 400 mm ou 1000 mm de longueur, contenues dans des confinements en acier de resistance a la rupture comprise entre 5,4 et 14,3 kbar. Les resultats obtenus indiquent que pour l'explosif considere, la formation de la detonation normale est pratiquement toujours precedee de deux regimes intermediaires: la combustion convective et la detonation lente. La detonation lente a fait l'objet d'une attention particuliere. Il apparait que ce regime peut se propager de maniere quasi-stationnaire jusqu'a des distances correspondant a 50 fois le diametre de la charge. Sa celerite est legerement supersonique (1,11 m 1,40) et croit avec la resistance du confinement. Sa structure est celle d'une onde de compression (qui n'est pas un choc) couplee a une zone de reaction ou la combustion de l'explosif est incomplete. Dans la configuration etudiee, la transition vers la detonation n'a ete observee que dans un nombre limite de cas. La transition deflagration-detonation est d'autant plus probable que le confinement est resistant et que la distance de propagation est grande
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Sutherland, B. J. "Smoke Explosions." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8328.

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Eleven experiments were conducted at the University of Canterbury using a 1.0 metre by 1.0 metre by 1.5 metre compartment and wooden crib fires. The main objective of these experiments was to produce smoke explosions, and to develop a mechanism that explains their occurrence. Spontaneous smoke explosions were produced in four experiments. The largest of these explosions produced pressures in excess of 2.5 kPa. All the smoke explosions produced were the result of smouldering fires, all of which started out as under-ventilated fires. Of the six smoke explosions produced, investigation of the results indicates that a single process was responsible for the occurrence of each explosion. A mechanism was developed for the smoke explosions. Oxygen concentration is suspected as the trigger that determines when the explosion occurs.
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Marceau, Claude. "Explosions : roman." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1989. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (M.A.)--Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989.
Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en études littéraires de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Saji, Santander Carlos Andrés. "Skyrmion explosions." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168342.

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Magíster en Ciencias, Mención Física. Ingeniero Civil Matemático
Los skyrmions son texturas magnéticas las cuales poseen propiedades que las hacen el objeto de estudio de diversas areas de la física teórica, matemática, nanotecnología, etc. Una de ellas es su protección topológica y estabilidad. En éste contexto es de mucha importancia el estudiar las pequeñas fluctuaciones en torno al skyrmion, las cuales se conocen como ondas de spin o campo de magnones [10]. En esta tésis, estudiaremos la dinámica conjunta del sistema skyrmion-magnones en, en contraste con la literatura, donde típicamente son consideradas como independientes. Específicamente veremos como la dinámica propia del skyrmion genera ondas de spin, y como estas a su vez afectan al skyrmion en forma de reacción de radiación. Estudiaremos además el origen de la masa de los skyrmion. Por otra parte, actualmente los skyrmions son de mucho interés en el posible nuevo desarrollo de circuitos lógicos, en los cuales los skirmions representan bits binarios [31]. De ésta manera el estudio de la aniquilación de un skyrmions es de suma importancia. Estudiaremos el problema de la explosión de un skymion (blow up) y derivaremos la dynamica de la explosión con la consecuente emisión de ondas de spin en forma de radiación.
Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por Proyecto Fondecyt N° 1150072 and Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CEDENNA FB0807
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Fakandu, Bala Mohammed. "Vented gas explosions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7340/.

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This investigation generated new experimental data on premixed gas/air vented explosions. A small (0.01 m3) and medium scale (0.2 m3) cylindrical vessels were used with L/D of 2.8 and 2 respectively, with range of vent area coefficients Kv of 2.7-21.7. The initial set of experiments considered free venting, so that the flame propagation during the venting process was laminar and also the short distance of the vessels would reduce the effects of flame self-accelleration. Covered vents were later used with vent static burst pressure Pstat from 35 to 450mb in the 10L vessel. Different gas mixtures were used throughout this work including methane-air (10%), propane-air (4 and 4.5%), ethylene-air (6.5 and 7.5%), and hydrogen-air (30 and 40%) gas mixtures. The ignition position at the far end opposite the vent and central location mid-way the length of the vessels were compared. Current venting guidance is based on experimental vented explosions with central ignition, but this work shows that end ignition opposite the vent is the worst case. The current design procedures for the protection of explosions using venting is shown to be inadequate for hydrogen-air explosions. New data has been presented which indicates that for hydrogen explosions, the vent flow behaves differently as compared to other gas mixtures investigated. Hence, the need for more research in hydrogen-air mixtures in order to have better understanding of hydrogen venting process. Experimental data from the current work also shows that multiple vents and vent shapes have significant effects on explosion overpressure and flame speeds. This is contrary to the assumption of the current venting standards. The effect of static burst pressure on explosion venting was shown to be quite different to that in the design standards, which is supported by other work in larger vessels. Other aspects of vent design that the standards say are not important were shown to be significant: the number of vents, the position of the vent, the shape of the vent, the ignition position. Laminar flame venting theory was shown to be a good predictor of the results and those from the literature where larger vessels were used.
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Kasmani, Rafiziana Md. "Vented gas explosions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1604/.

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Explosion venting technology is widely accepted as the effective constructional protection measures against gas and dust explosions.The key problem in venting is the appropriate design of the vent area necessary for an effective release of the material i.e. the pressure developed during explosion did not cause any damage to the plant protected.Current gas explosion vent design standards in the USA (NFPA68, 2002) and European (2007) rely on the vent correlation first published by Bartknecht in 1993 (Siwek, 1996).N FPA 68 also recommends the correlation of Swift (Swift,1983)at low overpressures. For a vent to give no increase in overpressure other than that due to the pressure difference created by the mass flow of unburnt gases through the vent, the vent mass flow rate is assumed to be equal to the maximum mass burning rate of the flame and this consideration should be used as the design mass flow through the vent. Two different methods ( Method I and Method 2) have been proposed based on the Sμ and Sμ (E-1) to describe the maximum mass burning rate given as, mb = ASμpμ=CdeA(2pPμred)o.5 mb =ASgPm =AgSμ(E-I)P μ=Cde4,(2pu Pred)0,5 (2) The equation given in (2) is slightly different from (1) as is about 6.5 times the mass flow of the first method as it takes the effect of (E-1) where E is the expansion ratio. A critical review were carried out for the applicability, validity and limitation on the venting correlations adopted in NFPA 68 and European Standard with 470 literature experimental data, covering a wide range of values for vessel volume and geometries, bursting vent pressure, Pv L/D ratio, maximum reduced pressure, Pred and ignition location. The fuels involved are methane, propane, hydrogen, town gas, ethylene, acetone/air mixtures with the most hazardous near-stoichiornetric fuel-air concentration. Besides, Molkov's equation (Molkov, 2001) which is regarded as alternative venting design offered in NFPA 68 and Bradley and Mitcheson's equation for safe venting design were also analysed on the experimental data for their validity and limitation as well as the proposed methods. From the results, it is clear that Bartknecht's equation gave a satisfactory result with experimental data for K <-5 and Swift's equation (Swift, 1983) can be extended to wider range for Pred> 200 mbar, providing the parameter PV is added into the equation. Method 2 gave a good agreement to most of the experimental data as it followed assumptions applied for correlations given by Bradley and Mitcheson for safe venting design (Bradley and Mitcheson, 1978a,B radley and Mitcheson, 1978b). It is also proven that the vent coefficient, K is confident to be used in quantifying the vessel's geometry for cubic vessel and the use of As/Av term is more favourable for non-cubic vessels. To justify the validity and applicability of the proposed methods, series of simply vented experiments were carried out, involving two different cylindrical volumes i.e. 0.2 and 0.0065 M3. It is found that self acceleration plays important role in bigger vessel in determining the final Pmax inside the vessel. Method 2 gave closer prediction on Pmax in respect with other studied correlations. The investigation of vented gas explosion is explored further with the relief pipe been connected to the vessel at different fuel/air equivalence ratios, ignition position and Pv. The results demonstrate that the magnitude of Pmax was increased corresponding to the increase of Pv- From the experiments,it is found that peak pressure with strong acoustic behaviour is observed related to increase in Pv and in some cases,significant detonation spike was also observed particularly in high burning velocity mixtures. It is found that substantial amount of unburnt gases left inside the vessel after the vent burst is the leading factor in increase of Pmax for high burning velocity mixtures at centrally ignited. The associate gas velocities ahead of the flame create high unburnt gas flows conditions at entry to the vent and this give rise to high back pressures which lead to the severity in final Pmax inside the vessel. It was observed that end ignition leads to a higher explosion severity than central ignition in most cases, implying that central ignition is not a worst-case scenario in gas vented explosions as reported previously.
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Craft, Neil Hirsh. "An experimental study of hybrid explosive dust-gas-air mixtures /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66071.

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Books on the topic "Explosions"

1

International Colloquium on Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (12th 1989 Ann Arbor, Mich.). Dynamics of detonations and explosions--explosion phenomena. Washington, DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991.

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1918-, Kennedy John, ed. Explosion investigation and analysis: Kennedy on explosions. Chicago, Ill: Investigations Institute, 1990.

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Sućeska, Muhamed. Test methods for explosives. New York: Springer, 1995.

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Lecker, Seymour. Explosive dusts: Advanced improvised explosives. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Press, 1991.

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Russia) Vsesoi͡uznoe soveshchanie po detonat͡sii (5th 1991 Krasnoi͡arsk. V Vsesoi͡uznoe soveshchanie po detonat͡sii: Sbornik dokladov, 5-12 avgusta 1991 goda, g. Krasnoi͡arsk. Chernogolovka: "Imtekh", 1991.

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Dissy, Daniel. AZF, l'enquête secrète: Le mystère de la trace noir ou comment AZF a explosé. Brignais: Traboules, 2009.

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Serbera, Jean-Pascal. AZF Toulouse: Un mensonge d'état. [Chiré-en-Montreuil: DPF, 2002.

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Dissy, Daniel. AZF-Toulouse, quelle vérité: Révélations sur la catastrophe du 21 septembre. Brignais: Traboules, 2006.

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Stevenson, David S. Extreme Explosions. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8136-2.

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Branch, David, and J. Craig Wheeler. Supernova Explosions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55054-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Explosions"

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Cardu, Marilena, Daniele Martinelli, and Carmine Todaro. "Explosions and explosives." In Industrial Explosives and their Applications for Rock Excavation, 16–56. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003241973-2.

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Kinney, Gilbert Ford, and Kenneth Judson Graham. "Explosions." In Explosive Shocks in Air, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86682-1_1.

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Schmiermund, Torsten. "Explosions." In The Chemistry Knowledge for Firefighters, 481–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64423-2_39.

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Bertho, Kilian, and Bertrand Prunet. "Explosions." In Disaster Medicine Pocket Guide: 50 Essential Questions, 109–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00654-8_24.

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Levy, Samuel C., and Per Bro. "Explosions." In Battery Hazards and Accident Prevention, 99–111. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1459-0_5.

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Doschek, G. A., S. K. Antiochos, E. Antonucci, C. C. Cheng, J. L. Culhane, G. H. Fisher, C. Jordan, et al. "Chromospheric Explosions." In Energetic Phenomena on the Sun, 303–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2331-7_4.

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Börgers, Christoph. "Canard Explosions." In An Introduction to Modeling Neuronal Dynamics, 105–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51171-9_15.

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Yue, Ning J., Kent Lambert, Jay E. Reiff, Anthony E. Dragun, Ning J. Yue, Jay E. Reiff, Jean St. Germain, et al. "Reactor Explosions." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 733. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_724.

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Hillebrandt, Wolfgang. "Supernova Explosions." In Numerical Astrophysics, 265–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4780-4_85.

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Chaubey, Vikas P., Kevin B. Laupland, Christopher B. Colwell, Gina Soriya, Shelden Magder, Jonathan Ball, Jennifer M. DiCocco, et al. "Bomb Explosions." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 362. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_1247.

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Conference papers on the topic "Explosions"

1

Allen, D. J. "Partially Confined Explosions Under Nonoptimal Explosion Conditions." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7251-ms.

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Kim, Jae-Hyun, Byung-Young Jeon, and Jae-Hwang Jeon. "Application of Fluid-Structure Interaction Technique for Underwater Explosion Analysis of a Submarine Liquefied Oxygen Tank Considering Survivability." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-58009.

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The design of submarines has continually developed to improve survivability. Explosions may induce local damage as well as global collapse to a submarine structure. Therefore, it is important to realistically estimate the possible damage conditions due to underwater explosions in the design stage. In the present study, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) technique, a fluid–structure interaction approach is applied to simulate an underwater explosion and investigation of the survival capability of a damaged submarine with clamped liquefied oxygen tank. The Lagrangian-Eulerian coupling algorithm, the equations of state for explosives and seawater, and the simple calculation method for explosive loading were also reviewed. It is shown that underwater explosion analysis using the ALE technique can reasonably evaluate the structural damage caused by explosive load.
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Leishear, Robert A. "Fluid Transients Ignited the San Bruno Gas Pipeline Explosions." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-109226.

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Abstract Gas pipeline explosions and deaths occur year after year, and a primary cause for those explosions is now known. For decades, these explosions were attributed to corrosion and other incidental causes, but the extent of pipeline damages cannot be explained by corrosion. Pipelines are obliterated by large explosions, and pipelines explode from the inside to the outside. Pipes cannot explode in this manner unless air is present inside the pipes. To date, all previous investigations assumed that the gas industry prevents all air from entering pipelines, and this question about air was not raised in previous government investigations. Accordingly, explosion causes were not understood. Acknowledging that air is inside pipelines at the time of explosions, the ignition cause can be explained. When fluid transients occur in pipelines, flammable gases compress and heat to explode at the autoignition temperatures of the gases. In natural gas piping, explosions occur at system low points where air collects, since methane (natural gas) is lighter than air; and in propane, ethane, or butane systems, explosions occur at system high points, since these gases are heavier than air. In the absence of this Leishear Explosion Theory, the fact that pipes explode outward cannot be explained. An incorrect claim could be made that the stored energy of methane is so great that the pipes explode, but calculations show that this energy is inadequate to create the large craters created during pipeline explosions. In other words, air is required for internal gas pipeline explosions, fluid transients cause pressures to blow up pipelines, these transients may be caused by sudden valve slams, where slam valves are used to control gas flow in pipelines. To understand the fundamental physics of pipeline explosions, a San Bruno natural gas pipeline explosion will be evaluated as an example of this explosion theory.
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Wemhoff, Aaron P., Alan K. Burnham, Albert L. Nichols, and Jaroslaw Knap. "Calibration Methods for the Extended Prout-Tompkins Chemical Kinetics Model and Derived Cookoff Parameters for RDX, HMX, LX-10 and PBXN-109." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32279.

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Thermal explosions result when local temperature-dependent heat generation exceeds heat loss via conduction. The temperature dependence of the heat source term is directly related to the material’s chemical kinetics, and hence the chemical kinetics has a direct impact on the thermal explosion times of a material. Much success has been gained in past work to accurately model thermal explosions in various explosives using multi-step Arrhenius chemical kinetics models. However, the generation of these kinetics models is time consuming and complex. Therefore, a methodology has been developed that allows for calibration of a single-reaction global kinetics model using One Dimensional Time to Explosion (ODTX) experimental data, which combines an iterative approach with a steepest descents optimization. This methodology has been applied to calibrate kinetic parameters for the widely-used explosives RDX (1, 3, 5-trinitrohexahydro-striazine), HMX (octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine), LX-10 (95% HMX, 5% Viton binder), and PBXN-109 (64% RDX, 20% Al, 16% binders). The average error between experimental and simulated ODTX and STEX data using this technique is approximately equivalent to that using the traditional multi-step models, and the time required for calibration of the global kinetics model has been reduced from months to hours.
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Kolbe, M., and Q. A. Baker. "Gaseous Explosions in Pipes." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71220.

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Gaseous explosions occurring in industrial piping and process systems have been recorded and documented since the early days of industrialization. Despite the efforts put forth by the academic and scientific communities in understanding these phenomena, these explosions are still occurring in industry. Often times, operating companies that suffered the explosions were unaware of the possibilities of explosion in their piping systems and as a result, installed control and safety systems were not adequate. The mitigation of gaseous explosions in pipes requires a basic understanding of combustion and detonation theory. These events are not confined to chemical and petroleum refining facilities; potentially, they can occur in any system where a flammable mixture can form in pipes. Gaseous explosions arise from the formation of a fuel and oxidizer mixture. Although many systems are known to carry both a fuel and an inert gas to dilute or suppress combustion, the flammability limits of this mixture are often a point of uncertainty. However, it must be understood that there are several factors that can lead a flammable mixture to a strong deflagration or potentially even a detonation. The following paper will discuss the basics of gaseous pipe explosions by defining the chemical and physical limits of both deflagrations and detonations. Examples of industrial accidents involving unique gaseous pipe explosions are provided in the paper as well as recommendations for prevention and mitigation of gaseous pipe explosions.
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Yngve, Gary D., James F. O'Brien, and Jessica K. Hodgins. "Animating explosions." In the 27th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/344779.344801.

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Hernanz, Margarita, and Vincent Tatischeff. "Nova explosions." In 7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.417.0018.

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Han, Rui, Aman Zhang, and Shiping Wang. "Pressure Load on Rigid Structure Induced by Double Underwater Explosions." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54158.

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Underwater explosion is a severe threat to nearby ocean structures, such as underwater construction, floating vessels. The pressure load produced by underwater explosion of explosives consists of shock wave load and the explosion bubble pulsation pressure load. After the detonation, there will be a shock wave propagating radially outwards and it’s followed by a large oscillating bubble. The shock wave has the first damaging effect on adjacent structures. Then, the collapse and high-speed jet of oscillating bubbles will cause the second damage to structures. When there are double explosive sources near a rigid structure, the mutual superposition of shock waves and the interaction between two bubbles may improve the explosive damage. If the distance between one explosive source and the rigid structure is fixed, the damage force produced by double underwater explosions is related to many factors, like the detonation time difference and the distance between two explosive sources. At first, the pressure field in single explosive source case is numerically simulated by using the AUTODYN in this paper. Next, pressure fields of underwater explosion detonated by double sources at the same time and with time difference are calculated, respectively. The flow fields in double explosive sources case are compared with that in single explosive source case. The effect of the detonation time difference and the distance between explosive sources on the damage force is investigated and analysed in detail.
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Munari, U. "V838 Mon and the new class of stars erupting into cool supergiants (SECS)." In CLASSICAL NOVA EXPLOSIONS: International Conference on Classical Nova Explosions. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1518177.

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Domínguez, Inma. "On the Maximum Mass of C-O White Dwarfs." In CLASSICAL NOVA EXPLOSIONS: International Conference on Classical Nova Explosions. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1518178.

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Reports on the topic "Explosions"

1

Carmichael, Joshua Daniel, Kari Sentz, Robert James Nemzek, and Stephen J. Arrowsmith. Multi-phenomenological Explosion Monitoring (MultiPEM): Screening Airborne from Buried, Ejection Explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253493.

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Kopnichev, Y. F., F. F. Aptikaev, and L. V. Antonova. Investigations into seismic discrimination between earthquakes, chemical explosions and nuclear explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105019.

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Strahle, Warren C. Conventional Weapons Underwater Explosions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201814.

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Mellor, Malcolm, and David L'Heureux. Eruptions from Under-Ice Explosions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207497.

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Fryer, Christopher Lee, Stefano Gandolfi, Przemyslaw R. Wozniak, Joseph Allen Carlson, Aaron Joseph Couture, Joshua C. Dolence, Wesley Paul Even, et al. Nucleosynthesis Probes of Cosmic Explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1603951.

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Reichenbach, H., P. Neuwald, and A. Kuhl. Electromagnetic Effects in SDF Explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/972852.

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Allen, B. M., S. L. Jr Drellack, and M. J. Townsend. Surface effects of underground nuclear explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/671858.

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Green, Daniel, Eva Silverstein, and David Starr. Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vacuum Decay. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881957.

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Smilowitz, Laura Beth, and Bryan Fayne Henson. Dynamic X-ray of Thermal Explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177173.

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Yang, Xiaoning. New Source Model for Chemical Explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345925.

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