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Pollak, Shaul, Matti Gralka, Yuya Sato, Julia Schwartzman, Lu Lu, and Otto X. Cordero. "Public good exploitation in natural bacterioplankton communities." Science Advances 7, no. 31 (July 2021): eabi4717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi4717.
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Bacteria often interact with their environment through extracellular molecules that increase access to limiting resources. These secretions can act as public goods, creating incentives for exploiters to invade and “steal” public goods away from producers. This phenomenon has been studied extensively in vitro, but little is known about the occurrence and impact of public good exploiters in the environment. Here, we develop a genomic approach to systematically identify bacteria that can exploit public goods produced during the degradation of polysaccharides. Focusing on chitin, a highly abundant marine biopolymer, we show that public good exploiters are active in natural chitin degrading microbial communities, invading early during colonization, and potentially hindering degradation. In contrast to in vitro studies, we find that exploiters and degraders belong to distant lineages, facilitating their coexistence. Our approach opens novel avenues to use the wealth of genomic data available to infer ecological roles and interactions among microbes.
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Pilo, Paola. "Improving Exploitation of Whole Genome Sequencing Data for Public Health, Forensic Microbiology and Biosafety." EBioMedicine 2, no. 11 (November 2015): 1566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.011.
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Pavlova, Kristina, Todor Stoilov, and Krasimira Stoilova. "Bi-Level Model for Public Rail Transportation under Incomplete Data." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2017-0031.
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Abstract The increase of the utilization of public rail transportations is searched in directions for redistribution of the passenger travels between rail and bus transportation. The rail transport benefits by redistribution of the transportation flows on paths, predominantly supported by rails. The redistribution of the transportation is formalized by bi-level optimization problem. The upper level optimization estimates the maximal flow, which can be transported through a transportation network, supported both by bus and rail transports. The lower level optimization gives priority to the rail transport by decreasing the costs of flow distribution, using rail transport. This bi-level optimization problem was applied for the case of optimization of the rail exploitation in Bulgaria, defining priorities in transportation of the National transport scheme.
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Poveda, Sammia, Melinda Gill, Don Rodney Junio, Hannah Thinyane, and Vanessa Catan. "Should social enterprises complement or supplement public health provision?" Social Enterprise Journal 15, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-12-2018-0083.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore how stable employment, company culture and tailored health, digital and core skills training provided by a social enterprise (SE) in the Philippines affect survivors of exploitation. Research shows survivors experience adverse social conditions and physical and mental health outcomes caused by their exploitative experience. Stable, decent employment has been identified as critical to their recovery and reintegration. This paper discusses the SE’s impact on the employees’ physical, mental and social health and behaviour. Based on our findings, the authors discuss the contribution of SE in improving health outcomes and providing health services and conclude that SEs should not replace but complement public health government programmes. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses mixed methods, presenting data from a longitudinal survey (household income, mental health and social well-being) and a follow-up qualitative study, which uses in-depth interviews and participatory videos to explore survey findings. Findings The quantitative analysis demonstrates positive, but gradual, changes in sexual and reproductive health behaviour; personal empowerment; and trauma, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The qualitative findings show how improvements in executive functioning, self-regulation and self-esteem occur incrementally over time. As their self-efficacy improves, employees need to avoid being overly dependent on the SE, to support their autonomy; therefore, access to complementary public health services is fundamental. Originality/value This paper focusses, to the authors’ knowledge, on a unique SE, which hires survivors of exploitation, without losing their competitiveness in the market.
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Goens, Delphine. "The exploitation of Business Register data from a public sector information and data protection perspective: A case study." Computer Law & Security Review 26, no. 4 (July 2010): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2010.05.001.
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Loukis, Euripidis N., Manolis Maragoudakis, and Niki Kyriakou. "Artificial intelligence-based public sector data analytics for economic crisis policymaking." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 14, no. 4 (May 29, 2020): 639–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-11-2019-0113.
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Purpose Public sector has started exploiting artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, however, mainly for operational but much less for tactical or level tasks. The purpose of this study is to exploit AI for the highest strategic-level task of government: to develop an AI-based public sector data analytics methodology for supporting policymaking for one of the most serious and large-scale challenges that governments repeatedly face, the economic crises that lead to economic recessions (though the proposed methodology is of much more general applicability). Design/methodology/approach A public sector data analytics methodology has been developed, which enables the exploitation of existing public and private sector data, through advanced processing of them using a big data-oriented AI technique, “all-relevant” feature selection, to identify characteristics of firms as well as their external environment that affect (positively or negatively) their resilience to economic crisis. Findings A first application of the proposed public sector data analytics methodology has been conducted, using Greek firms’ data concerning the economic crisis period 2009–2014, which has led to interesting conclusions and insights, revealing factors affecting the extent of sales revenue decrease in Greek firms during the above crisis period and providing a first validation of the methodology used in this study. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to the advancement of two emerging highly important, for the society, but minimally researched, digital government research domains: public sector data analytics (and especially policy analytics) and government exploitation of AI. It exploits an AI feature selection algorithm, the Boruta “all-relevant” variables identification algorithm, which has been minimally exploited in the past for public sector data analytics, to support the design of public policies for addressing one of the most serious and large-scale economic challenges that governments repeatedly face: the economic crises. Practical implications The proposed methodology allows the identification of characteristics of firms as well as their external environment that affect positively or negatively their resilience to economic crisis. This enables a better understanding of the kinds of firms that are more strongly hit by the crisis, which is quite useful for the design of public policies for supporting them; and at the same time reveals firms’ practices, resources, capabilities, etc. that enhance their ability to cope with economic crisis, to design policies for promoting them through educational and support activities. Social implications This methodology can be very useful for the design of more effective public policies for reducing the negative impacts of economic crises on firms, and therefore mitigating their negative consequences for the society, such as unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. Originality/value This study develops a novel approach to the exploitation of public and private sector data, based on a minimally exploited, for such purposes, AI technique (“all-relevant” feature selection), to support the design of public policies for addressing one of the most threatening disruptions that modern economies and societies repeatedly face, the economic crises.
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Arenou, F., X. Luri, C. Babusiaux, C. Fabricius, A. Helmi, A. C. Robin, A. Vallenari, et al. "Gaia Data Release 1." Astronomy & Astrophysics 599 (February 27, 2017): A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629895.
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Context. Before the publication of the Gaia Catalogue, the contents of the first data release have undergone multiple dedicated validation tests. Aims. These tests aim to provide in-depth analysis of the Catalogue content in order to detect anomalies and individual problems in specific objects or in overall statistical properties, and either to filter them before the public release or to describe the different caveats on the release for an optimal exploitation of the data. Methods. Dedicated methods using either Gaia internal data, external catalogues, or models have been developed for the validation processes. They test normal stars as well as various populations such as open or globular clusters, double stars, variable stars, and quasars. Properties of coverage, accuracy, and precision of the data are provided by the numerous tests presented here and are jointly analysed to assess the data release content. Results. This independent validation confirms the quality of the published data, Gaia DR1 being the most precise all-sky astrometric and photometric catalogue to date. However, several limitations in terms of completeness, and astrometric or photometric quality are identified and described. Figures describing the relevant properties of the release are shown, and the testing activities carried out validating the user interfaces are also described. A particular emphasis is made on the statistical use of the data in scientific exploitation.
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Charalabidis, Yannis, and Euripidis Loukis. "Participative Public Policy Making Through Multiple Social Media Platforms Utilization." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 8, no. 3 (July 2012): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2012070105.
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Described is the research concerning the systematic, intensive and centralized web 2.0 social media exploitation by government agencies for widening and enhancing participative public policy making, which is conducted as part of the research project PADGETS (‘Policy Gadgets Mashing Underlying Group Knowledge in Web 2.0 Media’) partially funded by the European Commission. The proposed approach is based on a central system, which publishes various types of policy-related content (e.g., short text long text, images, video) and micro-applications in multiple social media simultaneously, and also collects from them and processes data on citizens’ interactions (e.g., views, comments, ratings, votes, etc.). Posing difficult research questions and challenges, both technical (analysis and exploitation of social media application programming interfaces (APIs), appropriate design of the central system architecture, processing and integrating the large amounts of collected citizens’ interaction data) and also non-technical (investigation of the value generated by this approach, preconditions for its effective application by government agencies), which are researched in the above project. Some first findings on them are presented and discussed.
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Bedini, Ivan, Feroz Farazi, David Leoni, Juan Pane, Ivan Tankoyeu, and Stefano Leucci. "Open Government Data: Fostering Innovation." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 6, no. 1 (November 14, 2014): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v6i1.329.
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The provision of public information contributes to the enrichment and enhancement of the data produced by the government as part of its activities, and the transformation of heterogeneous data into information and knowledge. This process of opening changes the operational mode of public administrations, leveraging the data management, encouraging savings and especially in promoting the development of services in subsidiary and collaborative form between public and private entities. The demand for new services also promotes renewed entrepreneurship centred on responding to new social and territorial needs through new technologies. In this sense we speak of Open Data as an enabling infrastructure for the development of innovation and as an instrument to the development and diffusion of Innovation and Communications Technology (ICT) in the public system as well as creating space for innovation for businesses, particularly SMEs, based on the exploitation of information assets of the territory. The Open Data Trentino Project has initiated and fosters the process of opening of public information and develops as a natural consequence of this process of openness, the creation of innovative services for and with the citizens. In this paper we present how our project acts on long-chain, from raw data till reusable meaningful and scalable knowledge base that leads to the production of data reuse through the implementation of services that will enhance and transform the data into information capable of responding to specific questions efficiency and innovation.
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Cheung, Sarah. "Disambiguating the benefits and risks from public health data in the digital economy." Big Data & Society 7, no. 1 (January 2020): 205395172093392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951720933924.
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This article focuses on key roles that the ill-defined concept of ‘public benefit’ plays in accessing the public health data held by the UK’s National Health Service. Using the concept of the ‘trade-off fallacy’, this article argues that current data access and governance structures, based on particular construals of public benefit in the context of public health data, largely negate the possibility of effective control by individuals over future uses of personal health data. This generates a health data version of the trade-off fallacy that enables widespread involvement of commercial actors in personal data, despite public concerns over commercial involvement in, and potential exploitation of, public health data. The article suggests that, despite ostensibly robust regulatory and governance structures, this publicly held data is potentially subject to similar logics of accumulation as seen elsewhere in the digital economy, highlighting the inadequacies of current data regulatory frameworks in the digital era.
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Galici, Marco, Mario Mureddu, Emilio Ghiani, Gianni Celli, Fabrizio Pilo, Paolo Porcu, and Beatrice Canetto. "Energy Blockchain for Public Energy Communities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083457.
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This paper suggests an application of blockchain as an energy open data ledger, designed to save and track data regarding the energy footprint of public buildings and public energy communities. The developed platform permits writing energy production and consumption of public buildings using blockchain-enabled smart meters. Once authenticated on the blockchain, this data can be made available to the public domain for techno-economic analyses for either research studies and internal or third parties audits, increasing, in this way, the perceived transparency of the public institutions. A further feature of the platform, starting on the previously disclosed raw data, allows calculating, validating, and sharing sustainability indicators of public buildings and facilities, allowing the tracking of their improvements in sustainability goals. The paper also provides the preliminary results of a field-test experimentation of the proposed platform on a group of public buildings, highlighting the possible benefits of its widespread exploitation.
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Cannaerts, Nele, Jesse Segers, and Erik Henderickx. "Ambidextrous design and public organizations: a comparative case study." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 7 (October 10, 2016): 708–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-12-2015-0210.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how public cultural organizations use ambidextrous design to balance exploitation and exploration given their organizational structure that mainly stimulates exploitation. Design/methodology/approach The authors use an abductive methodology and, perform an in-depth comparative case study. The data sample consists of two Belgian public cultural centers located in the Flemish area. In all, 21 semi-structured interviews where analyzed using Nvivo. Findings Results show, first, that although both cases have the same formal organization chart, their informal structure differs. Second, both cases have a different point of view toward exploitation and exploration. Third, no “pure” ambidextrous designs were found. Finally, the paper formulates theoretical propositions for ambidexterity and public sector research. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this paper are threefold. First, the authors only compared two cases, so generalization of the findings is limited. Second, although the authors managed to make contributions to ambidexterity and public sector research, theory building is not finished. Finally, researchers have to improve empirical evidence focusing on which design elements lead toward ambidextrous public organizations. Originality/value This paper makes a threefold contribution to ambidexterity literature and public sector research. First, the focus on public sector organizations is a rarely taken approach in ambidexterity research. Second, the specific use of ambidextrous design attributes to the limited public sector research that has focused on ambidexterity. Third, the focus on small organizations with limited resources is a rarely taken focus in ambidexterity and public sector research.
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Enzler, Cassandra J., Robert Suchting, Charles Green, and Jason Burnett. "USING DATA SCIENCE TO GENERATE PSYCHOSOCIAL PROFILES OF FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION IN SENIORS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1780.
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Abstract Financial exploitation (FE) in older adults is a significant public health problem linked to outcomes including depression, financial ruin and early mortality. This study applied exploratory data science techniques to a multi-year statewide protective services dataset of over 8,000 elder abuse cases. The goal was to derive data-driven psychosocial profiles of abuse with an emphasis on determining which factors, commonly shared across abuse cases, were most important for determining when elder FE was occurring and whether it was occurring alone or in conjunction with other types of abuse. We found that pronounced psychological distress (i.e. verbalizing suicide, homicide, self-harm) was most important for indicating when abuse had occurred and predicted non-FE related abuse. Drug paraphernalia in the home and perpetrator drug/alcohol use were important predictors of FE-related abuse. When differentiating pure FE from hybrid FE, factors indicative of long-term FE occurrence and substantial financial loss were most important (i.e. facing foreclosure, lack of food, medications, and utilities). The findings parallel some existing work characterizing pure and hybrid FE, but also highlight new profile factors that may help determine when FE is occurring and when it is less likely. Applying data science approaches to other large protective service datasets and national datasets such as the National Adult Maltreatment Registry could help improve characterization of abuse types such as pure and hybrid FE resulting in better detection, response and prevention.
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Frost, Nick. "Providing support and therapy for victims and survivors of child sexual exploitation." Journal of Public Mental Health 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-07-2018-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the public mental health challenges arising in the field of child sexual exploitation (CSE) from the perspective of frontline professionals. Design/methodology/approach The methods included semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews (n=6) and focus groups (two groups with a total of eight participants = 8), all participants work with CSE-experienced young people. Findings Professionals report how they offer support and therapy to CSE-experienced young people. Findings are outlined in relation to support, therapeutic interventions, multi-agency working, what works and the challenges and issues faced in their professional roles. Research limitations/implications The paper reports briefly on a substantial amount of data. A further limitation is that there is a need to gather data directly from the perspective of young people. Practical implications The high quality of work undertaken and the need to further develop therapeutic work with the CSE-experienced young people emerges from the findings. Social implications CSE is a high-profile public health issue which attracts considerable public and political attention. Originality/value The data gathered reflect the contemporary views of frontline professionals in a challenging and complex field of practice.
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R, Mr Aannd, Mr Muneshwara MS, and Dr Deepak S. Sakkari. "Twitter Data Collection Using Tools for Classification of fake Data: A Survey." YMER Digital 21, no. 01 (January 5, 2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.01/06.
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Data could be a piece of information that’s needed to create helpful information. Getting data is required by people to analyzers. From this angle, data assortment is a vital step once doing any research or experiment. Knowledge collection may be outlined because the method of gathering and process the data to gauge the outcomes and use them for the researches. On-line Social Networking sites (OSN) are one in all the most effective sources of data. We have a tendency to be attending to introduce the advantages of exploitation the social network sites for data collection and also the totally different techniques which will be used. Based mostly on those data, a network of trust created exploitation the relationships among users. The methods the information being collected is totally different in term of potency and being useful. Be that as it may, the information mining applications in the web-based media are as yet crude and require more exertion by the scholarly world and industry to sufficiently play out the work. Client created content via online media destinations, for example, Twitter and Facebook gives freedom to specialists in different fields to comprehend human practices and social marvels. From one viewpoint, these human practices and social marvels are unpredictable in nature hence need top to bottom subjective investigation. On the other, the size of online media data requires colossal degree data assessment strategies. Automated information assortment of interpersonal interaction Web locales assumes a significant part in dynamic. Realize that the Web destinations like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Pin interest, and so on are turning out to be indispensable parts of public activity as of now. In any examination issue the mass effect on different issues can be investigated by breaking down the information produced from these Web locales. Also, these social stages are open and generally utilized for see sharing. Here different devices and systems have been assessed to gather the information from these Web locales. The capacities of conclusion investigation stretch out to the quantity of genuine choices like medical problems in the public eye, or the client responses, and so forth in this paper information assortment procedures have been shown with the assistance of live execution.
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Bar-Hen, A., N. Paragios, and A. Flahault. "Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 25, no. 01 (August 2016): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15265/iy-2016-021.
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Summary Objectives: The aim of this manuscript is to provide a brief overview of the scientific challenges that should be addressed in order to unlock the full potential of using data from a general point of view, as well as to present some ideas that could help answer specific needs for data understanding in the field of health sciences and epidemiology. Methods: A survey of uses and challenges of big data analyses for medicine and public health was conducted. The first part of the paper focuses on big data techniques, algorithms, and statistical approaches to identify patterns in data. The second part describes some cutting-edge applications of analyses and predictive modeling in public health. Results: In recent years, we witnessed a revolution regarding the nature, collection, and availability of data in general. This was especially striking in the health sector and particularly in the field of epidemiology. Data derives from a large variety of sources, e.g. clinical settings, billing claims, care scheduling, drug usage, web based search queries, and Tweets. Conclusion: The exploitation of the information (data mining, artificial intelligence) relevant to these data has become one of the most promising as well challenging tasks from societal and scientific viewpoints in order to leverage the information available and making public health more efficient.
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Asmawati, Asmawati, and Muhammad Nasir. "ANALISIS STATUS EKSPLOITASI SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN PROVINSI ACEH." Jurnal Humaniora : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Ekonomi dan Hukum 1, no. 2 (March 9, 2019): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30601/humaniora.v1i2.47.
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Fish commodities are a renewable resource and public property, whose utilization needs to be sustainable. This study aims to analyze the condition of the utilization of Aceh fishery resources, using a simple method of long-term fish supply curve, by assessing the relationship between production and price movement of fish. The 27-year time series data published by DKP has been used, in the form of production and price data. The results of the analysis indicate that the utilization has excessive exploitation for Malacca Strait fisheries, and less exploitation in the Indian Ocean region
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Ge, Liping, Malek Sarhani, Stefan Voß, and Lin Xie. "Review of Transit Data Sources: Potentials, Challenges and Complementarity." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 11450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011450.
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Public transport has become one of the major transport options, especially when it comes to reducing motorized individual transport and achieving sustainability while reducing emissions, noise and so on. The use of public transport data has evolved and rapidly improved over the past decades. Indeed, the availability of data from different sources, coupled with advances in analytical and predictive approaches, has contributed to increased attention being paid to the exploitation of available data to improve public transport service. In this paper, we review the current state of the art of public transport data sources. More precisely, we summarize and analyze the potential and challenges of the main data sources. In addition, we show the complementary aspects of these data sources and how to merge them to broaden their contributions and face their challenges. This is complemented by an information management framework to enhance the use of data sources. Specifically, we seek to bridge the gap between traditional data sources and recent ones, present a unified overview of them and show how they can all leverage recent advances in data-driven methods and how they can help achieve a balance between transit service and passenger behavior.
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Lasocki, Stanislaw, Beata Orlecka-Sikora, Joanna Kocot, Karolina Chodzińska, and Anna Leśnodorska. "EPOS Thematic Core Service Anthropogenic Hazards in the operational phase." Annals of Geophysics 65, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): DM321. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8743.
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The problem of hazards induced by the exploitation of geo-resources focuses growing interest of science, industry, public administration, non-governmental organisations and the general public. Anthropogenic seismicity, i.e. the undesired dynamic rock mass response to geo-resources exploitation, is one of the examples of unwanted by-products of the technological operation of humans. The socio-economic impact of the induced seismicity is very significant. Induced earthquakes can cause material loss, injuries and even fatalities. Restricted access to data constitutes a barrier to assessing and mitigating the associated hazards. To respond to the need of the scientific community the Thematic Core Service Anthropogenic Hazards (TCS AH) has been created within the framework of the European Plate Observing System, a solid earth science European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). TCS AH is an open consortium of 13 European institutions. TCS AH provides access to a novel e-research infrastructure, the EPISODES Platform (former name: IS-EPOS platform) to foster both research and training on induced seismicity and geo-hazards related to the exploration and exploitation of geo-resources. The EPISODES Platform is connected to international data nodes which offer open access to multidisciplinary datasets, called episodes. Episodes comprise geoscientific and associated data from industrial activity along with a large set of embedded applications for their efficient data processing, analysis and visualization. The EPISODES Platform opens also the possibility to create new applications and combine implemented applications with the user's codes. The team-working features of the EPISODES Platform facilitate collaborative and interdisciplinary scientific research, public understanding of science, citizen science applications, knowledge dissemination, and the teaching of anthropogenic hazards related to geo-resource exploitation. This study presents the current results of the TCS AH research infrastructure integration and also indicates the benefits of their usage for science, education, and innovation.
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Anggraini, Ria Desna. "CRIME OF EXPLOITATION CRIME ANALYSIS OF CHILD WORK AS HOUSEHOLD SERVICE." Ius Poenale 3, no. 2 (October 18, 2022): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/ip.v3i2.2522.
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Law Number 35 Article 1 paragraph 6 of 2014 concerning Child Protection is a criminal law policy in an effort to protect children who are exploited, sexually assaulted or employed as housemaids. The problem in this article is what are the factors causing the crime of exploitation and how to overcome the crime of exploitation of children being employed as house maids. The research method used is normative juridical and empirical juridical. Methods of data collection is done by literature study and field study. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis. Based on the results of research and discussion, the exploitation of children employed as housemaids is caused by economic problems, bad environmental influences, low education, social factors, lack of public and government awareness, easy to be deceived, weak supervision from parents, and weak law enforcement. Efforts to tackle the crime of child exploitation as domestic helpers consist of pre-emptive, preventive, repressive, and rehabilitation efforts.
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Cockbain, Ella, Matthew Ashby, and Helen Brayley. "Immaterial Boys? A Large-Scale Exploration of Gender-Based Differences in Child Sexual Exploitation Service Users." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 7 (December 2, 2015): 658–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215616817.
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Child sexual exploitation is increasingly recognized nationally and internationally as a pressing child protection, crime prevention, and public health issue. In the United Kingdom, for example, a recent series of high-profile cases has fueled pressure on policy makers and practitioners to improve responses. Yet, prevailing discourse, research, and interventions around child sexual exploitation have focused overwhelmingly on female victims. This study was designed to help redress fundamental knowledge gaps around boys affected by sexual exploitation. This was achieved through rigorous quantitative analysis of individual-level data for 9,042 users of child sexual exploitation services in the United Kingdom. One third of the sample were boys, and gender was associated with statistically significant differences on many variables. The results of this exploratory study highlight the need for further targeted research and more nuanced and inclusive counter-strategies.
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Thelisson, Anne-Sophie, Audrey Missonier, and Gilles Guieu. "Reaching organizational ambidexterity in the merger process: a temporal switching." Management Decision 58, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 879–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2017-0947.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how a company reaches organizational ambidexterity during a merger process. Organizational ambidexterity refers to the proactive adaptations of an organization to simultaneously explore and exploit. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a longitudinal case study of a public-private merger of two listed French companies. The data were collected from participant observation, interviews and archival documentation over two years. Findings The balance between autonomy and control by the parent companies evolves during the post-merger integration. The findings reveal that there was no concordance between the oscillations between autonomy and control on the part of the parent companies and the new organization’s exploration/exploitation strategies. However, the progressive evolution of control and autonomy from the parent companies engendered organizational ambidexterity during the third phase integration. Practical implications The study adds insight into how organizations can develop ways to manage organizational ambidexterity dynamics by employing temporal mechanisms, referring to an organization’s shifting sequentially between exploration and exploitation. The case highlights how temporal switching between exploration and exploitation occurs to ultimately enable ambidexterity. Originality/value Although organizational ambidexterity is recognized as a key element for post-merger integration, how it is achieved over the course of the merger process has received little attention. The study highlights that in the case of public-private mergers, the parent companies influence exploration and/or exploitation strategies. The paper adds insights on whether exploration and exploitation can be differentiated over time and whether exploration and exploitation can be reconciled at the same time.
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Militz, Thane A., Simon Foale, Jeff Kinch, and Paul C. Southgate. "Natural rarity places clownfish colour morphs at risk of targeted and opportunistic exploitation in a marine aquarium fishery." Aquatic Living Resources 31 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2018006.
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As fish stocks become depleted, exploitation eventually fails to be cost-efficient. However, species or morphs of species can suffer from continual exploitation if their rarity results in increased value, justifying the cost-efficiency of targeted or opportunistic exploitation. The trade in coral reef fishes for public and private aquaria is an industry in which naturally rare species and rare morphs of species command high prices. Here we investigate the relationship between price and the natural prevalence of colour morphs of two highly demanded clownfish species using a localised case study. The export prices for colour morphs increased with decreasing prevalence of occurrence (y = 4.60x−0.51, R2 = 0.43), but price increase was inversely less than the observed reduction in prevalence. This renders rare colour morphs (i.e., those at relatively low prevalence) at risk of opportunistic exploitation. Using ecological data, we also demonstrate how this increased value can subject rare colour morphs with aggregated distributions to targeted exploitation. These findings are discussed in relation to the broader marine aquarium trade, identifying taxa potentially at risk from exploitation motivated by rarity and addressing potential management strategies.
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Tsourma, Maria, Alexandros Zamichos, Efthymios Efthymiadis, Anastasios Drosou, and Dimitrios Tzovaras. "An AI-Enabled Framework for Real-Time Generation of News Articles Based on Big EO Data for Disaster Reporting." Future Internet 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13060161.
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In the field of journalism, the collection and processing of information from different heterogeneous sources are difficult and time-consuming processes. In the context of the theory of journalism 3.0, where multimedia data can be extracted from different sources on the web, the possibility of creating a tool for the exploitation of Earth observation (EO) data, especially images by professionals belonging to the field of journalism, is explored. With the production of massive volumes of EO image data, the problem of their exploitation and dissemination to the public, specifically, by professionals in the media industry, arises. In particular, the exploitation of satellite image data from existing tools is difficult for professionals who are not familiar with image processing. In this scope, this article presents a new innovative platform that automates some of the journalistic practices. This platform includes several mechanisms allowing users to early detect and receive information about breaking news in real-time, retrieve EO Sentinel-2 images upon request for a certain event, and automatically generate a personalized article according to the writing style of the author. Through this platform, the journalists or editors can also make any modifications to the generated article before publishing. This platform is an added-value tool not only for journalists and the media industry but also for freelancers and article writers who use information extracted from EO data in their articles.
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Krejčí, Hana, Marta Stárová, Ivan Hrbek, Miroslava Navrátilová, and Markéta Beranová. "The perception of forests by the Czech Republic general public." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 6 (June 25, 2019): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/138/2018-jfs.
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Forests as a part of landscape do not fulfil their economic function (timber production) only but a lot of other non-economic functions, especially ecological ones. Both economic and non-economic functions are indisputable and equally important for society. The aim of this paper is to identify current attitudes to forest perceptions by citizens in the Czech Republic. Primary data were obtained by means of a questionnaire research survey which was carried out in 2018. Altogether 824 respondents took part in this survey (n = 824). From the results follows that approximately 70% of respondents visit forest at least three times a month. In connection with this, the relationship between respondents’ forest visit frequency and the forest density in the region where they come from was confirmed. 60% of respondents consider the forest exploitation and forest management to be the most important cause of damage and threats to forest. In relation to forest, 46% of respondents consider forest conservation and protection to be the most important topics.
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Espinoza-Arias, Paola, María Jesús Fernández-Ruiz, Victor Morlán-Plo, Rubén Notivol-Bezares, and Oscar Corcho. "The Zaragoza’s Knowledge Graph: Open Data to Harness the City Knowledge." Information 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030129.
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Public administrations handle large amounts of data in relation to their internal processes as well as to the services that they offer. Following public-sector information reuse regulations and worldwide open data publication trends, these administrations are increasingly publishing their data as open data. However, open data are often released without agreed data models and in non-reusable formats, reducing interoperability and efficiency in data reuse. These aspects hinder interoperability with other administrations and do not allow taking advantage of the associated knowledge in an efficient manner. This paper presents the continued work performed by the Zaragoza city council over more than 15 years in order to generate its knowledge graph, which constitutes the key piece of their data management system, whose main strengthen is the open-data-by-default policy. The main functionalities that have been developed for the internal and external exploitation of the city’s open data are also presented. Finally, some city council experiences and lessons learned during this process are also explained.
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Westblade, Lars F., Alex van Belkum, Adam Grundhoff, George M. Weinstock, Eric G. Pamer, Mark J. Pallen, and W. Michael Dunne. "Role of Clinicogenomics in Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Public Health Microbiology." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 7 (February 24, 2016): 1686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02664-15.
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Clinicogenomics is the exploitation of genome sequence data for diagnostic, therapeutic, and public health purposes. Central to this field is the high-throughput DNA sequencing of genomes and metagenomes. The role of clinicogenomics in infectious disease diagnostics and public health microbiology was the topic of discussion during a recent symposium (session 161) presented at the 115th general meeting of the American Society for Microbiology that was held in New Orleans, LA. What follows is a collection of the most salient and promising aspects from each presentation at the symposium.
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Ismail, Sahar A. El-Rahman, Dalal Al Makhdhub, Amal A. Al Qahtani, Ghadah A. Al Shabanat, Nouf M. Omair, and Rawan S. Alomerini. "DCT Image Steganography Analysis for Privacy Preserving Data Mining." International Journal of Technology Diffusion 7, no. 3 (July 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.2016070101.
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We live in an information era where sensitive information extracted from data mining systems is vulnerable to exploitation. Privacy preserving data mining aims to prevent the discovery of sensitive information. Information hiding systems provide excellent privacy and confidentiality, where securing confidential communications in public channels can be achieved using steganography. A cover media are exploited using steganography techniques where they hide the payload's existence within appropriate multimedia carriers. This paper aims to study steganography techniques in spatial and frequency domains, and then analyzes the performance of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based steganography using the low frequency and the middle frequency to compare their performance using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The experimental results show that middle frequency has the larger message capacity and best performance.
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Tamir, Emanuel, and Sherry Ganon-Shilon. "A “cracking” school culture: leading resource exploitation during implementation of a national reform." Journal of Educational Administration 59, no. 5 (April 7, 2021): 650–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-09-2020-0198.
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PurposeThe study explores characteristics of strong school cultures through principals' exploitation of additional resources within implementation of a national reform.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive approach was utilized to analyze qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 35 Israeli high school principals who implemented a national reform in state and religious-state schools from all school districts.FindingsThe article presents four types of cracking cultures led by the principals: (1) a school values-based culture, such as respect; (2) a caring culture based on trust and a positive atmosphere; (3) a maintenance achievement-oriented culture; and (4) a creative culture that supports the teachers and takes risks in using resources beyond their intended purpose.Originality/valueExploring principals' exploitation of resources within a cracking culture may promote school improvement and innovation during national reform implementation.
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Milne, Richard, Katherine I. Morley, Heidi Howard, Emilia Niemiec, Dianne Nicol, Christine Critchley, Barbara Prainsack, et al. "Trust in genomic data sharing among members of the general public in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia." Human Genetics 138, no. 11-12 (September 17, 2019): 1237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-019-02062-0.
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Abstract Trust may be important in shaping public attitudes to genetics and intentions to participate in genomics research and big data initiatives. As such, we examined trust in data sharing among the general public. A cross-sectional online survey collected responses from representative publics in the USA, Canada, UK and Australia (n = 8967). Participants were most likely to trust their medical doctor and less likely to trust other entities named. Company researchers were least likely to be trusted. Low, Variable and High Trust classes were defined using latent class analysis. Members of the High Trust class were more likely to be under 50 years, male, with children, hold religious beliefs, have personal experience of genetics and be from the USA. They were most likely to be willing to donate their genomic and health data for clinical and research uses. The Low Trust class were less reassured than other respondents by laws preventing exploitation of donated information. Variation in trust, its relation to areas of concern about the use of genomic data and potential of legislation are considered. These findings have relevance for efforts to expand genomic medicine and data sharing beyond those with personal experience of genetics or research participants.
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Smith, Gavin JD. "Data doxa: The affective consequences of data practices." Big Data & Society 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 205395171775155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951717751551.
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This paper explores the embedding of data producing technologies in people's everyday lives and practices. It traces how repeated encounters with digital data operate to naturalise these entities, while often blindsiding their agentive properties and the ways they get implicated in processes of exploitation and governance. I propose and develop the notion of ‘data doxa’ to conceptualise the way in which digital data – and the devices and platforms that stage data – have come to be perceived in Western societies as normal, necessary and enabling. The ‘data doxa’ concept also accentuates the enculturation of many individuals into a data sharing habitus which frames digital technologies in simplistic terms as (a) panaceas for the problems associated with contemporary life, (b) figures of progress and convenience, and (c) mediums of knowledge, pleasure and identity. I suggest that three types of data-based relations contribute to the formation of this doxic sensibility: fetishisation, habit and enchantment. Each of these relations come to mediate public understandings of digital devices and the data they generate, obscuring the multifaceted nature and hidden depths of data and their propensity to double up as technologies of exposure and discipline. As a result of this situation, imaginative educational programs and revamped regulatory frameworks are urgently needed to inform individuals about the contribution of data to the leveraging of value and power in today's digital economies, but also to protect them from experiencing data-based harms.
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Rodríguez López, Silvia. "The Invisibility of Labour Trafficking in Spain. A Critical Analysis of Cases and Policies." Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica 18, no. 2 (November 22, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46381/reic.v18i2.329.
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One of the most remarkable challenges concerning global migration policies nowadays has to do with impeding the trafficking of migrant workers for the purposes of labour exploitation. This paper aims to examine whether Spain has adequately fulfilled its obligations to prevent and prosecute labour trafficking and protect trafficking victims. To do so, it offers a critical analysis of public policies concerning labour trafficking, contrasting them with case-law and data regarding its implementation in practice. Thus, the most recent available data concerning inspection, investigation and prosecution of labour trafficking cases, as well as the identification and protection of labour trafficking victims in Spain is evaluated here. The results highlight the invisibility of human trafficking victims for the purposes of labour exploitation, partly caused by the lack of measures that specifically address this form of trafficking.
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TORUGSA, NUTTANEEYA (ANN), and ANTHONY ARUNDEL. "PRIVATE–PUBLIC COLLABORATION AND INNOVATION PERFORMANCE: DOES TRAINING MATTER?" International Journal of Innovation Management 17, no. 03 (May 31, 2013): 1340011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919613400112.
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This study examines, through the theoretical lens of absorptive capacity, how the interaction between investments in R&D and training moderates the influence of collaboration with public research organisations (PROs) on firm innovation performance. Using data for 1,086 innovating firms across all industry sectors in the Australian state of Tasmania in 2010, we find that there is no direct association between collaboration with PROs and firm innovation performance, and the R&D-training interaction plays a significant role in positively moderating such an association. This study contributes to the innovation management literature by demonstrating the importance of the combination of R&D and training in creating absorptive capacity. More importantly, the combination of R&D and training positively influences the successful exploitation of private–public collaboration and promotes innovation performance.
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Howe, Nicola, Emma Giles, Dorothy Newbury-Birch, and Elaine McColl. "Systematic review of participants’ attitudes towards data sharing: a thematic synthesis." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 23, no. 2 (April 2018): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819617751555.
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Objectives Data sharing is well established in biological research, but evidence on sharing of clinical trial or public health research study data remains limited, in particular studies of research participants’ perspectives of data sharing. This study systematically reviewed international evidence of research participants’ attitudes towards the sharing of data for secondary research use. Methods Systematic search of seven databases, and author-, citation- and bibliography-follow up to identify studies examining research participants’ attitudes towards data sharing. Studies were thematically analysed using NVivo v10 to identify recurring themes. Results Nine studies were eligible for inclusion. Thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) benefits of data sharing, including benefit to participants or immediate community, benefits to the public and benefits to science or research; (2) fears and harms, such as fear of exploitation, stigmatization or repercussions, alongside concerns about confidentiality and misuse of data; (3) data sharing processes, in particular the role of consent in the process; and (4) the relationship between participants and research such as trust in different types of research or organization and the relationship with the original research team. Conclusions The available literature on attitudes towards sharing data from clinical trials or public health interventions remains scant. This study has identified four themes regarding research participants’ attitudes and preferences, which should be considered by policy makers, and explored with further research.
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Rossi, Rubattino, and Viscusi. "Big Data Use and Challenges: Insights from Two Internet-Mediated Surveys." Computers 8, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers8040073.
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Big data and analytics have received great attention from practitioners and academics, nowadays representing a key resource for the renewed interest in artificial intelligence, especially for machine learning techniques. In this article we explore the use of big data and analytics by different types of organizations, from various countries and industries, including the ones with a limited size and capabilities compared to corporations or new ventures. In particular, we are interested in organizations where the exploitation of big data and analytics may have social value in terms of, e.g., public and personal safety. Hence, this article discusses the results of two multi-industry and multi-country surveys carried out on a sample of public and private organizations. The results show a low rate of utilization of the data collected due to, among other issues, privacy and security, as well as the lack of staff trained in data analysis. Also, the two surveys show a challenge to reach an appropriate level of effectiveness in the use of big data and analytics, due to the shortage of the right tools and, again, capabilities, often related to a low rate of digital transformation.
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Grądzki, Rafał. "Parametric evaluation of the technical object suitability based on analyze the quality of its maintenance and use taking into account the initial conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818201006.
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In this paper, the comparison of three various technical objects (engines of public transport buses) exploitation research for different initial conditions are presented. Object researches were carried out in 2012 and then repeated in 2013. Gathered operational data is presented in three sets (1 – concerning object, 2 – concerning driving conditions, 3 – concerning driver, where set 1 is the collection of diagnostic information Dk, and sets 2 and 3 are the information about object environment U) in form of conventional points (experts numerical assessments). Relation between point information of object and point information of environment was described by coupled equations of state (describing relations between operation condition and technical condition including initial conditions for each analyzed exploitation period). That method allows to determine parameters of technical condition aT and operation condition aR and next, from the course of aT parameter, set of parametrical damage mT(t) and from course of parameter aR – set of momentary damage aR(t). Thus it is possible to evaluate exploitation, technical and operation conditions of each object (bus engine). Received reliability parameters allows to properly control exploitation and service of particular objects and set of objects (fleet of buses) and its elements.
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Ofurum, Clifford Obiyo, and Siminalayi Joseph Fubara. "Public Debt and Economic Development: An Empirical Evidence from Nigeria." Archives of Business Research 10, no. 7 (July 26, 2022): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.107.12728.
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This study investigates the impact of public debt on economic development in Nigeria. The objective is to empirical study the relationship between public debt and economic development in Nigeria between 1980 and 2019. Data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical bulletin, and the Augmented DiDickey-FullerADF), Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Granger Causality were used to test the hypotheses and analyse the data. The results indicate that foreign debt servicing does not have a significant impact on Nigerian real GDP. Foreign debt servicing has a negative but insignificant impact on real GDP. In addition, the result indicates that external debt does not significantly impact unemployment. External debt servicing has no significant effect on unemployment. Given the study's findings and the importance of natural resource utilisation in the Nigerian economy, the study recommends that the private sector support the government in developing technology to facilitate natural resource exploitation to generate additional revenue to finance the government budget and reduce borrowings.
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Ofurum, Clifford Obiyo, and Siminalayi Joseph Fubara. "Public Debt and Economic Development: An Empirical Evidence from Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 7 (July 28, 2022): 462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12714.
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This study investigates the impact of public debt on economic development in Nigeria. The objective is to empirical study the relationship between public debt and economic development in Nigeria between 1980 and 2019. Data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical bulletin, and the Augmented DiDickey-FullerADF), Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Granger Causality were used to test the hypotheses and analyse the data. The results indicate that foreign debt servicing does not have a significant impact on Nigerian real GDP. Foreign debt servicing has a negative but insignificant impact on real GDP. In addition, the result indicates that external debt does not significantly impact unemployment. External debt servicing has no significant effect on unemployment. Given the study's findings and the importance of natural resource utilisation in the Nigerian economy, the study recommends that the private sector support the government in developing technology to facilitate natural resource exploitation to generate additional revenue to finance the government budget and reduce borrowings.
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Long, Kyle, and Carly O’Connell. "Public Discourse and Public Policy on Foreign Interference in Higher Education." Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education 14, no. 5 (December 9, 2022): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i5.4650.
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In recent years, news media have increased reporting about alleged foreign interference in universities worldwide. A flurry of new policies has followed. This article reviews discourse and policy on foreign interference in higher education in select countries. It identifies the alleged perpetrators and victims, the victims’ concerns and responses, and the voices shaping the narrative about foreign interference. We combine the concepts of sharp power and right-wing authoritarianism to inform a discourse analysis and comparative policy analysis of a data set of 161 news articles and related media sources spanning a 30-month period of 2019-2021. Our findings highlight how government actors within the United States and Australia drive the international English-language discourse about Chinese foreign interference in a polarized media environment. We observe well-founded fears of China’s exploitation of international students and research collaborations to the detriment of national security. At the same time, a resurgent worldwide authoritarian movement is also exploiting these concerns to augment long-standing assaults on higher education. Our study helps to bridge the gap between the primarily positive framing of the internationalization of higher education in scholarly discourse and the negative focus on foreign interference in higher education in the media, government, and other public discourse. It also serves as an important introduction to this phenomenon and call to action for scholars of the internationalization of higher education to conduct further research and actively engage in the broader discourse around this topic.
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Zichichi, Mirko, Stefano Ferretti, and Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel. "Decentralized Personal Data Marketplaces: How Participation in a DAO Can Support the Production of Citizen-Generated Data." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166260.
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Big Tech companies operating in a data-driven economy offer services that rely on their users’ personal data and usually store this personal information in “data silos” that prevent transparency about their use and opportunities for data sharing for public interest. In this paper, we present a solution that promotes the development of decentralized personal data marketplaces, exploiting the use of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), Decentralized File Storages (DFS) and smart contracts for storing personal data and managing access control in a decentralized way. Moreover, we focus on the issue of a lack of efficient decentralized mechanisms in DLTs and DFSs for querying a certain type of data. For this reason, we propose the use of a hypercube-structured Distributed Hash Table (DHT) on top of DLTs, organized for efficient processing of multiple keyword-based queries on the ledger data. We test our approach with the implementation of a use case regarding the creation of citizen-generated data based on direct participation and the involvement of a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). The performance evaluation demonstrates the viability of our approach for decentralized data searches, distributed authorization mechanisms and smart contract exploitation.
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Martín-Asín López, Gema, Lorenzo Camón Soteres, Gonzalo Moreno Vergara, and Andrés Arístegui Cortijo. "Digital transformation in topographic databases." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-71-2021.
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Abstract. The increasingly widespread implementation of databases with geographical component, as well as the impregnation of geolocation culture, is driving a transformation in the storage, management and exploitation of geospatial information. Real-world elements go from being modeled as mere geometric representations, with just cartographic purposes, to be features with their own entity. Unique identifiers and lifecycle management are assigned to these features, allowing interactions between feature instances from different databases, that is, facilitating digital transformation and, therefore, increasing exponentially the exploitation possibilities.In this regard, the National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN, by its Spanish acronym) have implemented several processes in its National Topographic Database, such as the connection with the cadastral information, in order to take advantage of its updates and give feedback to improve cadastral data; or the link with the information, in addresses form, provided from different public administration, that is processed to geolocate features in the topographic database. Likewise, work is being done in order to implement new processes that allow linking with other data sets.These processes, in addition to reusing information produced by different public administrations, constitute an advance towards the objective of geospatial information databases continuous updating.
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Hope, Joanna. "Understanding our potential research publics: Exploring boundary disputes in recruitment to a sociological study." Current Sociology 67, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 742–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392119846937.
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The international debate on public sociology has failed to increase our understanding of how we might engage with new publics, particularly potential research publics. Parallel literatures exploring over-research, research fatigue, non-response and public (mis)understanding of sociology can shed light on how underlying boundary disciplinary issues might influence willingness to participate in sociological research. This article explores the case study of parents of people with Rett syndrome, an over-researched group at the centre of competing research discourses following a breakthrough in genetic research. Data from a wider study was used to explore reasons for research participation, non-participation and dropout, including interviews ( n = 20) and a brief survey about reasons for non-response ( n = 58). An individualist perspective led to interpretations of social interventions as stigmatising and refusal to participate. Parent activists fundraising for and promoting genetic research challenged notions of voluntary groups as being receptive to organic public sociology. While individual benefits were experienced, there were signs of research fatigue from multiple approaches. Finally, the close link between social activism and research participation increased the risk of unwitting exploitation, an issue of concern for organic public sociology.
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Iorio, Marina, Alberto Carotenuto, Alfonso Corniello, Simona Di Fraia, Nicola Massarotti, Alessandro Mauro, Renato Somma, and Laura Vanoli. "Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems in Structural Controlled Areas: A Sustainability Analysis of Geothermal Resource for Heating Plant (The Mondragone Case in Southern Appennines, Italy)." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051237.
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In this study, the sustainability of low-temperature geothermal field exploitation in a carbonate reservoir near Mondragone (CE), Southern Italy, is analyzed. The Mondragone geothermal field has been extensively studied through the research project VIGOR (Valutazione del potenzIale Geotermico delle RegiOni della convergenza). From seismic, geo-electric, hydro-chemical and groundwater data, obtained through the experimental campaigns carried out, physiochemical features of the aquifers and characteristics of the reservoir have been determined. Within this project, a well-doublet open-loop district heating plant has been designed to feed two public schools in Mondragone town. The sustainability of this geothermal application is analyzed in this study. A new exploration well (about 300 m deep) is considered to obtain further stratigraphic and structural information about the reservoir. Using the derived hydrogeological model of the area, a numerical analysis of geothermal exploitation was carried out to assess the thermal perturbation of the reservoir and the sustainability of its exploitation. The effect of extraction and reinjection of fluids on the reservoir was evaluated for 60 years of the plant activity. The results are fundamental to develop a sustainable geothermal heat plant and represent a real case study for the exploitation of similar carbonate reservoir geothermal resources.
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Migliorini, Massimo, Jenny Sjåstad Hagen, Jadranka Mihaljević, Jaroslav Mysiak, Jean-Louis Rossi, Alexander Siegmund, Khachatur Meliksetian, and Debarati Guha Sapir. "Data interoperability for disaster risk reduction in Europe." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 804–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2019-0291.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how, despite increasing data availability from a wide range of sources unlocks unprecedented opportunities for disaster risk reduction, data interoperability remains a challenge due to a number of barriers. As a first step to enhancing data interoperability for disaster risk reduction is to identify major barriers, this paper presents a case study on data interoperability in disaster risk reduction in Europe, linking current barriers to the regional initiative of the European Science and Technology Advisory Group. Design/methodology/approach In support of Priority 2 (“Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk”) of the Sendai Framework and SDG17 (“Partnerships for the goals”), this paper presents a case study on barriers to data interoperability in Europe based on a series of reviews, surveys and interviews with National Sendai Focal Points and stakeholders in science and research, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations and industry. Findings For a number of European countries, there remains a clear imbalance between long-term disaster risk reduction and short-term preparation and the dominant role of emergency relief, response and recovery, pointing to the potential of investments in ex ante measures with better inclusion and exploitation of data. Originality/value Modern society is facing a digital revolution. As highlighted by the International Council of Science and the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, digital technology offers profound opportunities for science to discover unsuspected patterns and relationships in nature and society, on scales from the molecular to the cosmic, from local health systems to global sustainability. It has created the potential for disciplines of science to synergize into a holistic understanding of the complex challenges currently confronting humanity; the Sustainable Development Goals are a direct reflectance of this. Interdisciplinary is obtained with integration of data across relevant disciplines. However, a barrier to realization and exploitation of this potential arises from the incompatible data standards and nomenclatures used in different disciplines. Although the problem has been addressed by several initiatives, the following challenge still remains: to make online data integration a routine.
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Cherif, Mahmoud Sama, Elaine Craig, Samantha Strudwick, Alice Hawryszkiewycz, and Laura Merson. "PO 8522 ESTABLISHING AN EQUITABLE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR AN EBOLA DATA-SHARING PLATFORM." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A49.1—A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.128.
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BackgroundDespite the potential public health gains of enabling access to patient-level data on emerging infections, the launch of a centralised, international platform to deliver on this has not been achieved to date. Barriers include: concerns over retention of national data ownership; patient privacy; appropriate consent; loss of academic recognition; criticism or exploitation of the data generators; perceived data misuse; and the challenges of sharing benefits with communities where data is generated.MethodsTo determine the best approach to these issues in the context of Ebola, we have assembled a collaboration of partners including governments of Ebola-affected countries, non-government organisations, academic institutions, funders and public health authorities to form the Steering Committee of the Ebola Data Platform. Following stakeholder consultation, research and debate, the committee has developed a governance framework to enable access to emerging infections data, beginning with the data from the West African Ebola outbreak.ResultsPromoting fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the use of data is a key element of the framework. Strategies to secure this principle include integration of platform data management activities with the national health institutions in Ebola-affected countries and collaboration with research communities in these countries to determine research priorities and plan analyses. Public health benefit in affected countries is further supported via training and strengthening of research capacity and infrastructure.ConclusionDeveloping a governance framework centered on the principle of equity has focused activities of the Ebola Data Platform on the affected health and research communities where they can have the most impact on patient outcomes, public health preparedness and future outbreak response.
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Pasquinelli, A., and F. Guzzetti. "KNOWLEDGE FOR INTELLIGENCE: DISCUSSING THE STATE AND THE ROLE OF BUILDING DATA IN ITALY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-4/W1 (August 25, 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-4-w1-11-2016.
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The availability of integrated information on buildings is the premise for an effective assets management and the provision of innovative services to buildings users: such form of knowledge relies on the efficient exploitation of existing data, providing a complete overview on the state of buildings, and on the acquisition of real-time data flows, coming from sensor and mobile devices, reporting users behaviours. If, on the one hand, technology is progressively enabling the management of new huge streams of data, on the other hand the interconnection among traditional and well rooted datasets, the majority of which in charge of public administrations, is not always guaranteed. While, at European level, interoperability issues among public archives concerning buildings were properly addressed, and the relevance of geo-information is widely recognized, in Italy this process is still taking time to be undertaken. This paper discuss the current state of Building Information in Italy, outlining a possible path for the creation of a georeferenced Building Information System at municipal level, starting from the informative heritage available in existing databases, generated with different purposes and maintained by independent authorities: the idea is to solicit that digitalization process, started a decade ago with the “Digital Administration Code”, through the proposition of real use cases that might be implemented once that public data on buildings are profitably combined together.
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Pasquinelli, A., and F. Guzzetti. "KNOWLEDGE FOR INTELLIGENCE: DISCUSSING THE STATE AND THE ROLE OF BUILDING DATA IN ITALY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W1 (September 5, 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w1-11-2016.
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The availability of integrated information on buildings is the premise for an effective assets management and the provision of innovative services to buildings users: such form of knowledge relies on the efficient exploitation of existing data, providing a complete overview on the state of buildings, and on the acquisition of real-time data flows, coming from sensor and mobile devices, reporting users behaviours. If, on the one hand, technology is progressively enabling the management of new huge streams of data, on the other hand the interconnection among traditional and well rooted datasets, the majority of which in charge of public administrations, is not always guaranteed. While, at European level, interoperability issues among public archives concerning buildings were properly addressed, and the relevance of geo-information is widely recognized, in Italy this process is still taking time to be undertaken. This paper discuss the current state of Building Information in Italy, outlining a possible path for the creation of a georeferenced Building Information System at municipal level, starting from the informative heritage available in existing databases, generated with different purposes and maintained by independent authorities: the idea is to solicit that digitalization process, started a decade ago with the “Digital Administration Code”, through the proposition of real use cases that might be implemented once that public data on buildings are profitably combined together.
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Mykhailovska, Olena, and Tetiana Nesterenko. "Dynamic activity of military transportation investigation at the construction site." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 52 (July 5, 2019): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.52.1690.
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In the paper it is confirmed that any theoretical data inferior to precisely measured data due to the impossibility ofconsidering all the factors influencing on the oscillation process. The fluctuations magnitude of a non-residential building inPoltava and the dynamic influence on the building structure and the people who can be there periodically are experimentallyinvestigated. To evaluate the vibration impact, it is necessary to compare measured data with the permissible level ofvibration in public buildings. The recommendations for the further building exploitation are based on the building structuresvibration acceleration measurements results.
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Vezyridis, Paraskevas, and Stephen Timmons. "Resisting big data exploitations in public healthcare: free riding or distributive justice?" Sociology of Health & Illness 41, no. 8 (August 18, 2019): 1585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12969.
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Tojal, Bastarrika, Barret, Espeso, Lopez-Guede, and Graña. "Prediction of Aboveground Biomass from Low-Density LiDAR Data: Validation over P. radiata Data from a Region North of Spain." Forests 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090819.
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Estimation of forestry aboveground biomass (AGB) by means of aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data uses high-density point sampling data obtained in dedicated flights, which are often too costly for available research budgets. In this paper we exploit already existing public low-density LiDAR data obtained for other purposes, such as cartography. The challenge is to show that such low-density data allows accurate biomass estimation. We demonstrate the approach on data available from plantations of Pinus radiata in the Arratia-Nervión region, located in Biscay province located in the North of Spain. We use public data gathered from the low-density (0.5 pulse/m2) LiDAR flight conducted by the Basque Government in 2012 for cartographic production. We propose a linear regression model based on explanatory variables obtained from the LiDAR point cloud data. We calibrate the model using field data from the Fourth National Forest Inventory (NFI4), including the selection of the optimal model variables. The results revealed that the best model depends on two variables extracted from LiDAR data: One directly related with tree height and a second parameter with the canopy density. The model explained 80% of its variability with a standard error of 0.25 ton/ha in logarithmic units. We validate the predictions against the biomass measurements provided by the government institutions, obtaining a difference of 8%. The proposed approach would allow the exploitation of the periodic available low-density LiDAR data, collected with territorial and cartographic purposes, for a more frequent and less expensive control of the forestry biomass.