Journal articles on the topic 'Experts'
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Дунаев, Дмитрий Владимирович, and Леонид Васильевич Кривобоков. "СКЛАДАННЯ ПРОГРАМ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ВІДПРАЦЮВАННЯ ВИРОБІВ РАКЕТНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ГРУПОВОГО РІШЕННЯ КОМІСІЇ ЕКСПЕРТІВ." Aerospace Technic and Technology, no. 6 (August 12, 2017): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2017.6.15.
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The analysis of existing methods of determining the expert competence coefficient is carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, it is suggested that experts’ evaluation is made on the basis of objective characteristics and also it is suggested to make a group decision with a margin according to the Harrington desirability function. Approaches are proposed for the components of the expert's competence coefficient that allow taking into account the objective characteristics of each expert – period of familiarity with the problem, the academic degree and position, as well as the number of publications, reports, etc. on the problem. Thus, we get the value of the expert's competence coefficient taking into account his objective characteristics, which will significantly reduce the subjectivity of the experts' evaluation and improve the quality of the expert committee. The proposed group decision made by an expert committee (regarding a problem considered based on the ratio of difference between the sum of competence coefficients of supporter experts and that of dissident experts to the sum of competence coefficients of the experts with a margin according to the Harrington desirability function, which shall be more than 0.8) will allow taking into account the constructive opinions of the dissident experts. This group decision and determination of the expert’s competence coefficient taking into account the objective characteristics of each expert will reduce the influence of human factor, thus ensures more optimal composing of programs for development testing of rocketry items. An example of practical application in comprehensive development testing program (CDTP) of items of the rocket space complex of a proposed group decision made by an expert committee will allow taking into account the constructive opinions of the dissident experts to introduce subclasses in status of qualifications, which take into account the logic of development test the component parts, that contributes to the optimization of CDTP.
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Totty, R. N. "Towards Expert Experts." Journal of the Forensic Science Society 25, no. 5 (September 1985): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(85)72410-3.
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Reynoso, Diego. "Autoposicionamiento ideológico y distorsiones idiosincráticas en los estudios basados en juicios de expertos mexicanos." Revista Mexicana de Análisis Político y Administración Pública 8, no. 15 (February 27, 2019): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/remap.v8i15.331.
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Aunque se critica el uso de juicios de expertos para realizar estimaciones y comparaciones, cada vez es más aceptado en la comunidad académica su utilización para estimar fenómenos que no tienen medidas objetivas. Pero la heterogeneidad de la información recuperada de los expertos podría introducir algún sesgo en las estimaciones que los académicos utilizan para hacer comparaciones y probar hipótesis. Mi propuesta es aplicar el procedimiento de escalado de Aldrich & McKelvey y la generalización de Poole & Palfrey, para mostrar la relación entre el autoposicionamiento ideológico del experto, la posición “verdadera ideológica” de los expertos y su nivel de información política. Para mostrar esto, pruebo tres hipótesis alternativas sobre “ideología e información” en una muestra de expertos subnacionales mexicanos. Los expertos subnacionales mexicanos tienen un nivel heterogéneo de información política, pero en general es alto. Sin embargo, una fracción de los expertos tiene bajos niveles de información política y se correlacionan con posiciones moderadas del espacio político. Por el contrario, los expertos extremistas muestran altos niveles de información política. Palabras clave: Juicios de expertos, Ideología, izquierda-derecha, autoposicionamiento ideológico, política subnacionalAbstractAlthough the use of expert judgment to make estimates and comparisons is criticized, it is becoming ever more widely accepted in the academic community for estimating phenomena that have no objective measures. But the heterogeneity of the information recovered from experts could introduce some bias in the estimates that scholars use to make comparisons and to test hypothesis. My proposal is to apply the Aldrich & McKelvey scaling procedure and the Poole & Palfrey generalization, to show the relationship between the ideological expert autopositioning, the “true ideological” position of the experts and their level of political information. To show this I test three alternative hypothesis on “ideology and information” in a sample of mexican subnational experts. Mexican subnational experts have heterogeneous level of political information, but in general it is high. However a fraction of experts have low levels of political information and correlate with moderate positions of the political space. In contrast, extremist experts show high levels of political information.Key Words: Experts´ Judgement, Ideology, Left-Right, Ideological self-positioning, subnational politics
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Tang, Jin, Chun Dong Guo, and Yan Gao. "Using the Shapley Value to Determine the Expert’s Discourse Right in Group Decision-Making." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2029.
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In terms of different decision-making problem and expert groups, experts’ discourse right is dynamic and relative. Therefore, scientific and rationality of experts empowerment are directly affect final evaluation results. For solving the problem of the objectivity of the evaluation index weight assignment, a method which based on the Shapley value to determine the expert’s weight has been proposed and illustrated in this paper. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the expert group decision making process, the correlation of experts’ knowledge stock has been defined to represent knowledge spillover among the experts group. Secondly, based on the contribution degree of each expert’s knowledge spillover which has been discussed through correlation analysis, and weight has been allocated to experts. The results show that the method can not only avoid experts empowerment evenly phenomenon, and fully respect the differences of evaluation experts. Finally, the author suggests different types of expert group decisions should be invited to participate in decision-making which helps to give play to brainstorming effect, producing more knowledge spillover and promoting scientific and rationality of decision-making.
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NCC Ltd. "Expert system helps experts." Knowledge-Based Systems 1, no. 4 (September 1988): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(88)90040-8.
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Harlsen, Paul. "Expert systems for experts." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 1, no. 3 (January 1989): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0933-3657(89)90010-9.
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Xie, Zhitian, Yinger Zhang, Chenyi Zhuang, Qitao Shi, Zhining Liu, Jinjie Gu, and Guannan Zhang. "MoDE: A Mixture-of-Experts Model with Mutual Distillation among the Experts." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 14 (March 24, 2024): 16067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i14.29539.
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The application of mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining popularity due to its ability to improve model's performance. In an MoE structure, the gate layer plays a significant role in distinguishing and routing input features to different experts. This enables each expert to specialize in processing their corresponding sub-tasks. However, the gate's routing mechanism also gives rise to "narrow vision": the individual MoE's expert fails to use more samples in learning the allocated subtask, which in turn limits the MoE to further improve its generalization ability. To effectively address this, we propose a method called Mixture-of-Distilled-Expert (MoDE), which applies moderate mutual distillation among experts to enable each expert to pick up more features learned by other experts and gain more accurate perceptions on their allocated sub-tasks. We conduct plenty experiments including tabular, NLP and CV datasets, which shows MoDE's effectiveness, universality and robustness. Furthermore, we develop a parallel study through innovatively constructing "expert probing", to experimentally prove why MoDE works: moderate distilling knowledge from other experts can improve each individual expert's test performances on their assigned tasks, leading to MoE's overall performance improvement.
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Kalancha, I. "PARTICIPATION OF EXPERTS IN JUDICIAL CONSIDERATION OF CRIMINAL CASES – INNOVATIVE APPROACH." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2018): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.10.
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This article deals with topical issues of innovative enhancement of expert participation in criminal proceedings. It is identified the problematic questions of an expert’s examination during the trial to clarify or supplement its conclusion in accordance with Section 7, Article 101 CPC of Ukraine. It has been learned the experience of distance communication with court experts in Australia and Spain as well as took into account the shortage of personnel in the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. On this basis, it is proposed to consolidate the Criminal procedure code of Ukraine and to technically provide a remote procedure for the participation of experts during criminal proceedings. It has been suggested for experts to be involved in criminal proceedings through an electronic exchange of data between the court’s systems and experts. In order to accomplish these tasks, it is proposed to develop an electronic system based on the Register of Certified Forensic Experts. This system should provide the following: maintaining a register of forensic experts and reflecting the types of expertise that the expert can carry out and the level of workload of the expert; exchange of electronic procedural documents with the subjects of criminal proceedings; distance communication with the court. An electronic expert system should also include: automatic examination of the expert’s authority when conducting an electronic examination procedure appointment; authentication on the basis of an electronic signature in the manner prescribed by law; creation of electronic conclusions of experts, their signing by electronic signature, and exchange of electronic procedural documents with the subjects of criminal proceedings. The article describes the introduction of an electronic criminal procedure for the appointment of an expert examination so that the expert receives access to the necessary criminal investigation information through a personal virtual office in the electronic system. Key words: criminal proceedings, subjects of criminal proceedings, register of forensic experts, types of forensic examinations, electronic procedural documents.
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Li, Ming. "An Approach to Expert Finding Based on Multi-Granularity Two-Tuple Linguistic Information." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.1317.
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Since organizational tacit knowledge resides in the owner’s brain, finding relevant experts in the specific fields is crucial to utilize this type of knowledge. In this paper, an approach to expert finding is proposed to assist the user to find the required experts. The method adopts the multi-granularity two-tuple linguistic information to construct the expert profile, that is, to model expert’s expertise. The user query the expert based on the fuzzy linguistic information. Then, the relevant experts are ranked according to the matching degree between the expert profile and the query. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Fileva, Iskra. "WHAT DO EXPERTS KNOW?" Social Philosophy and Policy 38, no. 2 (2021): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505252200005x.
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AbstractReasonable people agree that whenever possible, we ought to rely on experts to tell us what is true or what the best course of action is. But which experts should we rely on and with regard to what issues? Here, I discuss several dangers that accompany reliance on experts, the most important one of which is this: positions that are offered as expert opinion frequently contain elements outside an expert’s domain of expertise, for instance, values not intrinsic to the given domain. I also talk about the practical implications of accepting my view.
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Mildayani, Winda, Wiedy Murtini, and Sudarno. "ASSESSMENT OF THE CRAFT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODULE WITH ONLINE MARKETING LEARNING FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL." International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 06, no. 05 (2023): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2023.6520.
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This study aims to describe the results of the assessment of the craft and entrepreneurship module with online marketing learning made by researchers and then will be assessed by expert validators to determine the eligibility of the module. The feasibility of this media was assessed by two validators (media experts and material experts). In the data collection, the researcher used a product evaluation questionnaire instrument which is used by expert validators. The results show that the module with online marketing learning is good for craft and entrepreneurship learning media with the results of the media expert's assessment is 85%, the material expert's has a 85% and the total result of the media expert's and material expert's scored by 85.41%.
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Graefe, Andreas. "Predicting elections: Experts, polls, and fundamentals." Judgment and Decision Making 13, no. 4 (July 2018): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500009219.
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AbstractThis study analyzes the relative accuracy of experts, polls, and the so-called ‘fundamentals’ in predicting the popular vote in the four U.S. presidential elections from 2004 to 2016. Although the majority (62%) of 452 expert forecasts correctly predicted the directional error of polls, the typical expert’s vote share forecast was 7% (of the error) less accurate than a simple polling average from the same day. The results further suggest that experts follow the polls and do not sufficiently harness information incorporated in the fundamentals. Combining expert forecasts and polls with a fundamentals-based reference class forecast reduced the error of experts and polls by 24% and 19%, respectively. The findings demonstrate the benefits of combining forecasts and the effectiveness of taking the outside view for debiasing expert judgment.
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Shunevych, K. "FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN LATVIA’S CRIMINAL PROCESS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.16.
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The article provides a theoretical analysis of the organization of the forensic examination in Latvia. In particular, the author investigates the organizational aspects of the forensic examination: legislative regulation of the status of the entity authorized to conduct the forensic examination; the possibility to conduct the forensic examination in criminal proceedings by private experts; peculiarities of taking up a position (obtaining a license to practice) and terminating a forensic expert etc. It is determined that according to the legislation of Latvia the right to carry out expert activity in the Republic of Latvia belongs to both state and private experts: state experts are people who carry out their activity in the state expert institutions. Private experts are involved in carrying out expertise by concluding civil contracts as self-employed people or as the forensic experts who are members of professional non-governmental associations. There are five state expert institutions in Latvia: the State Bureau of Judicial Expertise (accredited in 2008), the Forensic Directorate of the State Police (accredited in 2006), the State Medical Examination Center (accredited in 2013), the Examination Service under the General Directorate of the State border guards and the State Riga Psychiatric and Drug Center LLC. Since 1996, the Association of Independent Experts of Latvia has been operating in Latvia, comprising private court experts. All experts who may be involved in criminal proceedings must be certified. Certified expert information is placed in the Official Register of Forensic Experts. The Council of Forensic Experts is the compiler of the Register. The Register of Forensic Experts and any changes thereto shall be published on the website of the Judicial Administrations. In addition to the Register of Forensic Experts, there is a Register of Methods of Forensic Examination, which is also compiled by the Council of Forensic Experts. It should be noted that in Latvia a unified standard and qualification requirements have been developed for persons wishing to carry out forensic activities, which are enshrined in the legislation of Latvia and a procedure has been developed for certification of experts, as well as certification of expert research methodologies. At the same time, certain problems arise in practice (for example, the subjectively greater trust of the court in the expert’s conclusions provided by the state expert organization), requiring an urgent solution for the effective functioning of the system of forensic expert activity in Latvia.
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Maghaireh, Hassan, Aveen K. Aljaff, and Rami Chayah. "Ask the Experts : March Expert Panel." Smile Dental Journal 8, no. 1 (March 2013): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0000776.
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Commons, Michael Lamport, Patrice Marie Miller, Eva Yujia Li, and Thomas Gordon Gutheil. "Forensic experts' perceptions of expert bias." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 35, no. 5-6 (September 2012): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2012.09.016.
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Hermann, Thomas, and Katharina Just. "Experts' systems instead of expert systems." AI & Society 9, no. 4 (December 1995): 321–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01210586.
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Deaton, Angus. "On tyrannical experts and expert tyrants." Review of Austrian Economics 28, no. 4 (July 17, 2015): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11138-015-0323-y.
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Shepitko, Valery. "Forensic Science and Forensic Expert Activity: a View Through the Prism of Forensic Experts’ Opinions." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 30, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2023.02.
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The primary concerns of this paper are to study the phenomenon of forensic science and determine ways of optimizing forensic expert practice in Ukraine by summarizing opinions of forensic experts. Based on the survey conducted among forensic experts, issues of legal regulation of forensic science have been considered; the need to unify provisions governing conduct of forensic examination is justified; means of carrying out forensic expert activities (methods, methodologies, technologies) have been analyzed. Positions of forensic experts on certain procedural and substantive issues concerning appointment and conduct of forensic examinations have been determined. The role of the forensic expert’s automated workstation and electronic registers in forensic expert practice (the Register of Certified Forensic Experts and the Register of Methodologies of Forensic Examinations) is argued. The author underlines possibilities of improving the quality of forensic examination and outlines modern trends of international cooperation in the field of forensic science. The importance of cooperation between forensic science institutions of Ukraine within the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes is stressed. The Article Purpose is conditoned by the need to outline directions for forensic science development in Ukraine in current conditions and optimize forensic expert activity, as well as to determine ways to improve expert practice by summarizing forensic experts’ opinions. General scientific and special research methods have been used.
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Vinogradova-Zinkevič, Irina. "Application of Bayesian Approach to Reduce the Uncertainty in Expert Judgments by Using a Posteriori Mean Function." Mathematics 9, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9192455.
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Much applied research uses expert judgment as a primary or additional data source, thus the problem solved in this publication is relevant. Despite the expert’s experience and competence, the evaluation is subjective and has uncertainty in it. There are various reasons for this uncertainty, including the expert’s incomplete competence, the expert’s character and personal qualities, the expert’s attachment to the opinion of other experts, and the field of the task to be solved. This paper presents a new way to use the Bayesian method to reduce the uncertainty of an expert judgment by correcting the expert’s evaluation by the a posteriori mean function. The Bayesian method corrects the expert’s evaluation, taking into account the expert’s competence and accumulated long-term experience. Since the paper uses a continuous case of the Bayesian formula, perceived as a continuous approximation of experts’ evaluations, this is not only the novelty of this work, but also a new result in the theory of the Bayesian method and its application. The paper investigates various combinations of the probability density functions of a priori information and expert error. The results are illustrated by the example of the evaluation of distance learning courses.
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Veen, Duco, Diederick Stoel, Naomi Schalken, Kees Mulder, and Rens van de Schoot. "Using the Data Agreement Criterion to Rank Experts’ Beliefs." Entropy 20, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20080592.
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Experts’ beliefs embody a present state of knowledge. It is desirable to take this knowledge into account when making decisions. However, ranking experts based on the merit of their beliefs is a difficult task. In this paper, we show how experts can be ranked based on their knowledge and their level of (un)certainty. By letting experts specify their knowledge in the form of a probability distribution, we can assess how accurately they can predict new data, and how appropriate their level of (un)certainty is. The expert’s specified probability distribution can be seen as a prior in a Bayesian statistical setting. We evaluate these priors by extending an existing prior-data (dis)agreement measure, the Data Agreement Criterion, and compare this approach to using Bayes factors to assess prior specification. We compare experts with each other and the data to evaluate their appropriateness. Using this method, new research questions can be asked and answered, for instance: Which expert predicts the new data best? Is there agreement between my experts and the data? Which experts’ representation is more valid or useful? Can we reach convergence between expert judgement and data? We provided an empirical example ranking (regional) directors of a large financial institution based on their predictions of turnover.
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Stolitnii, A. "ELECTRONIC CONCLUSION OF EXPERT IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.07.
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The article describes the current state and prospects of development of the expert opinion form in criminal proceedings and the communication of the latter with the participants of the proceedings, taking into account the modern information society, ways of improving this activity, including through the introduction of electronic procedural control. It is proposed to create an information and telecommunication system based on the Register of Certified Judicial Experts, which will provide for the automated creation of experts’ conclusions in electronic format (on the basis of a template system, automation of mathematical calculations, system of control of terms of execution, etc.), exchange of procedural documents with the subjects of criminal proceedings. The article also proposes a full transition to the electronic format of communication between the expert (through the relevant expert institution) and the key specialized subjects: an investigator, a prosecutor, a lawyer, an investigating judge. The task to be implemented is to transform the expert’s conclusion into an electronic format, in particular: a) to create a normative basis for involving an expert in the electronic segment of criminal proceedings by introducing amendments to the CPC of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine «On Forensic Examination», «On State Expertise of Land Management Documents», Instructions on the appointment and conducting of forensic examinations and expert studies and Scientific and methodological recommendations on the preparation and appointment of forensic examinations and experts research, etc .; b) creation on the basis of the Register of Certified Judicial Experts of the interactive right-realization environment (systems) for experts; c) improvement of the technical capabilities of the Unified Register of pre-trial investigations: the establishment of an interoperability system between the Unified Register of pre-trial investigations and the Advanced Register of Certified Judicial Experts, the Register of Methods for conducting forensic examinations, etc.; creation of the subsystem «Expertise» in the Unified Register of pre-trial investigations. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to reconsider the approach to the expert’s form in the criminal proceedings by transforming it into an electronic format. For the execution of certain articles. 2 of the CPC of Ukraine, the tasks of criminal proceedings in order to ensure prompt investigation, the electronic format of the expert’s conclusion is relevant both in the part of creation, transmission and use, since by means of electronic communications can be sent from an expert institution to an investigator or prosecutor, provided to the party of protection in the order st.st. 221, 290 CPC of Ukraine, etc Key words: criminal proceedings, expert opinion, electronic form, electronic control, communication.
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Wright, Nicole S., and Sudip Bhattacharjee. "Auditors' Use of Formal Advice from Internal Firm Subject Matter Experts: The Impact of Advice Quality and Advice Awareness on Auditors' Judgments." Current Issues in Auditing 14, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): P31—P39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ciia-2019-510.
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SUMMARY When subject matter experts are consulted during an audit, the quality of the expert's advice depends upon their ability to fully understand and incorporate client-specific facts into their advice. PCAOB inspection reports suggest that auditors are neglecting to perform the required work to assess the quality of experts' recommendations. This article summarizes a recent study by Wright and Bhattacharjee (2018) examining how receiving expert advice of different levels of quality and the timing of communication making auditors aware of the eventual use an expert, impact auditors' judgments. Auditors who were aware that an expert was going to be used put forth more effort before receiving the expert's advice, and were less in agreement with management's position, than auditors who were unaware. Upon receiving the advice, aware auditors were more discerning and accurate than unaware auditors, providing that the timing and communication of consulting decisions affect auditors' assessments of expert advice.
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Szmidt, Eulalia, and Janusz Kacprzyk. "Some remarks on assigning weights to experts in multi-attribute group decision making using intuitionistic fuzzy sets." Notes on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets 26, no. 3 (October 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nifs.2020.26.3.43-51.
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We discuss how to assign weights to the experts participating in group decision making in intuitionistic fuzzy environment which means that the options are expressed via intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs, for short). We use the three term representation of the IFSs. A question arises if by making use of the expert’s opinions concerning a problem considered is it possible to assess the experts. The typical approaches from literature are recalled and discussed. Next, we propose two novel methods of assigning weights to experts. However, the methods are not ideal as starting from expert’s opinions concerning the options considered. Alas, while not knowing a real solution of a problem the experts try to solve, it is difficult to tell who is right and who is wrong whereas we do not have additional knowledge about the experts. The advantage of the method proposed is that we avoid assumptions about a real optimal solution which is not known. Instead, we pay attention if an expert is able to tell in a convincing way which option is good and which one is bad by pointing out pros and cons of an option in a definite way.
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CHOTTIKAMPON, Kontawat, Suchalinee MATHUROSEMONTRI, Hitoshi MARUI, Porakoch SIRISUWAN, Akihiko GOTO, Tadashi UOZOMI, Miyako INODA, Hiroyuki Nishimoto, and Hiroyuki HAMADA. "711 EYE MOVEMENT ANALYSIS FOR BRAIDING SKILL OF THE EXPERT AND NON-EXPERTS." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2015.23 (2015): _711–1_—_711–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2015.23._711-1_.
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Manuaba, Gede Ngurah Griantara, and DB KT NGR Semara Putra. "Learning Video Based on Contextual Approach Science Content of Grade V Elementary School." Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research and Review 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v4i2.39432.
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The lack of use of video media in the learning process causes students to have difficulties in learning. This research aims to develop audiovisual learning media tailored to the needs of today's learning. The test subjects in this study consisted of several experts and students. The experts consist of learning content experts, learning design experts and learning media experts and involve grade V students to conduct individual trials and small group trials. This development research uses ADDIE development model (analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluation) as systematic steps in the product development process. The data collection method in this study consists of observations, questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis techniques used are quantitative and qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. Based on the results of product trials, the instructional video was declared feasible by the test subjects, namely learning content experts, learning design experts, learning media experts and students. The results of the evaluation of the learning content expert obtained a percentage (95.83%) with very good qualification, the results of the learning design expert's assessment obtained a percentage (94.23%) with very good qualification, the results of the learning media expert's assessment obtained a percentage (85.00%) with good qualifications and the results of student assessments through individual tests obtained a percentage (94.00%) with very good qualification, and the results of student assessments through small group tests obtained a percentage (95.83%). Based on the results of the product trial, it is concluded that the developed learning videos in very good qualifications and suitable for use in the learning process.
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Dumas, Joseph, James Sorce, and Robert Virzi. "Expert Reviews: How Many Experts is Enough?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 4 (October 1995): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900402.
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We asked five usability specialists to review the user interface to a phone-based, interactive voice response system. The experts were instructed to conduct their review independently in three one-hour sessions and to record each usability problem on a Problem Description Sheet along with the elapsed time from the beginning of the hour. Each expert then spent one hour reviewing their problem sheets and making a summary list of problems. Finally, the experts spent two hours together on a conference call discussing their impressions and coming to consensus on a prioritized list of problems and solutions. The results showed that when allocating expert time, it is more effective to have a greater number of experts spend fewer hours than to use fewer experts for more hours. The individual summaries included the majority of the severe problems, but left out many less severe problems and added new problems. The group report did not surface any new problems, but described the problems as being caused by more basic design flaws and proposed solutions that focused on the conceptual model on which the design was based.
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SWARTOUT, WILLIAM R., and STEPHEN W. SMOLIAR. "On making expert systems more like experts." Expert Systems 4, no. 3 (August 1987): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00143.x.
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Saks, Michael J. "Expert witnesses, nonexpert witnesses, and nonwitness experts." Law and Human Behavior 14, no. 4 (August 1990): 291–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01068158.
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King, M. "Experiments with experts developing simple expert systems." Omega 17, no. 2 (January 1989): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(89)90004-2.
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Zheng, Haixia, and Yongchuan Tang. "Deng Entropy Weighted Risk Priority Number Model for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis." Entropy 22, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030280.
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Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), as a commonly used risk management method, has been extensively applied to the engineering domain. A vital parameter in FMEA is the risk priority number (RPN), which is the product of occurrence (O), severity (S), and detection (D) of a failure mode. To deal with the uncertainty in the assessments given by domain experts, a novel Deng entropy weighted risk priority number (DEWRPN) for FMEA is proposed in the framework of Dempster–Shafer evidence theory (DST). DEWRPN takes into consideration the relative importance in both risk factors and FMEA experts. The uncertain degree of objective assessments coming from experts are measured by the Deng entropy. An expert’s weight is comprised of the three risk factors’ weights obtained independently from expert’s assessments. In DEWRPN, the strategy of assigning weight for each expert is flexible and compatible to the real decision-making situation. The entropy-based relative weight symbolizes the relative importance. In detail, the higher the uncertain degree of a risk factor from an expert is, the lower the weight of the corresponding risk factor will be and vice versa. We utilize Deng entropy to construct the exponential weight of each risk factor as well as an expert’s relative importance on an FMEA item in a state-of-the-art way. A case study is adopted to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed model.
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Ludwig, JA. "Expert advice for shrub control." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 2 (1988): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880100.
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SHRUBKILL is a microcomputer based decision-support system which provides expert advice on the use of fie to control non-desirable shrubs and thus improve grazing potential in the semi-arid woodlands of eastem Australia. Pescribed fire is argued to be the only economically viable management option for broad-scale shrub control in these rangelands. Management decisions about "when" and "how" to bum and the cost and expected economic benefit of buming involve answering many difficult questions which can be aided by the advice of experts. However, these experts are not always available to give on-the-spot advice to managers. SHRUBKILL is a decision-support system that has incorporated the knowledge of fire-experts in an easy-to-use microcomputer program to: advise the user on what the "expert" would have recommended; provide detailed information supporting the expert's recommendation; and give summaries of the consultation. SHRUBKILL was written in BASIC on an IBM Personal Computer but it will run on IBMPC compatibles.
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Huang, Ce. "The Study of a Mathematical Model in Information Acquisition and Disclosure." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/491328.
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A mathematical model involving a decision maker and an expert is investigated. Through analyzing the model, we obtain several results on the expert’s information acquisition and disclosure strategy. When withholding information is costly to the expert, in equilibrium, an expert with a higher withholding cost acquires less information but discloses more acquired information. We also examine which expert is optimal to the decision maker among a group of experts with different costs of withholding information.
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Bootz, Jean-Philippe, Pascal Lievre, and Eric Schenk. "Solicitation of experts in an undetermined environment: the case of a polar exploration." Journal of Knowledge Management 19, no. 5 (September 14, 2015): 900–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-02-2015-0061.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the solicitation of outside experts in the upstream phase of innovation projects, which fall within the scope of the exploration and which take place within a context of radical uncertainty: how are these experts identified, selected and mobilised? While companies are compelled to manage exploration projects, the processes underlying the expansion of knowledge in these projects are not well known. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the literature, this paper first presents a conceptual view of the notion of expert. Then, the research question is analyzed by means of a case study of a polar expedition. The project leader seeks a knowledgeable person who has never been identified as an expert, but whose knowledge is essential. Findings – The expert appears both in his cognitive and social dimensions. Moreover, he emerges out of the situation, on the basis of neither strong nor weak signals. The rationality of expert solicitation falls within a pragmatic logic where the acquired knowledge must reduce the uncertainty so that the project can progress. The learning process enables to increase gradually the knowledge of the actor but also to build the legitimacy required in order to have access to the expert. Practical implications – Findings can be translated in more general situations. Indeed, polar expeditions projects and exploratory innovation projects (Garel and Lièvre, 2010) possess some common characteristics: lack of knowledge concerning, timing issues, need to implement a pragmatic, enquiry-based learning. These projects strongly rely on external expert knowledge. This case study suggests that, while it may be useful, planning should not strictly define the course of action. A central competence of the project leader is to manage the duality between planning and adaptation. This implies the ability to adapt, to detect and to assess human resources and knowledge flows rapidly, as well as to weave social links inside and outside the organisation. Originality/value – The existing literature offers a comprehensive view of experts in an organisation. However, the questions of expert selection and identification remain open. This paper fills a gap in the literature concerning the way experts are identified and selected. The case study shows that identifying experts does not solely depend on weak signals (reputation) or on strong signals (the expert’s social status). Rather, the expert emerges in the situation, in an unexpected way. The expert’s social dimension is not sufficient and one must look to the cognitive roots of the expertise. On the other hand, the fact is emphasised that the expert is a social construct which emerges from the solicitation process.
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Burgers, Christian, Anneke de Graaf, and Sabine Callaars. "Differences in actual persuasiveness between experiential and professional expert evidence." Journal of Argumentation in Context 1, no. 2 (October 29, 2012): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.1.2.03deg.
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This study investigates the persuasiveness of different types of expert evidence. Following Wagemans (2011), two types of experts were distinguished that can be used in expert evidence: experiential experts (who base their expertise on personal experience) and professional experts (who base their expertise on professional knowledge). In a between-subjects experiment (N = 179), these different types of experts were included in a news report on a political issue. Results indicate that the perceived expertise and persuasiveness of professional experts was higher than that of experiential experts. Perceived expertise completely mediated the effects of the different types of expert evidence on persuasion. These results point towards a recommendation of using professional expert evidence over experiential expert evidence in reporting on political issues.
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Mata, Christian, Paul Walker, Arnau Oliver, Joan Martí, and Alain Lalande. "Usefulness of Collaborative Work in the Evaluation of Prostate Cancer from MRI." Clinics and Practice 12, no. 3 (May 20, 2022): 350–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract12030040.
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The aim of this study is to show the usefulness of collaborative work in the evaluation of prostate cancer from T2-weighted MRI using a dedicated software tool. The variability of annotations on images of the prostate gland (central and peripheral zones as well as tumour) by two independent experts was firstly evaluated, and secondly compared with a consensus between these two experts. Using a prostate MRI database, experts drew regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to healthy prostate (peripheral and central zones) and cancer. One of the experts then drew the ROI with knowledge of the other expert’s ROI. The surface area of each ROI was used to measure the Hausdorff distance and the Dice coefficient was measured from the respective contours. They were evaluated between the different experiments, taking the annotations of the second expert as the reference. The results showed that the significant differences between the two experts disappeared with collaborative work. To conclude, this study shows that collaborative work with a dedicated tool allows consensus between expertise in the evaluation of prostate cancer from T2-weighted MRI.
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Li, Ming, Jun Wang, and Yingcheng Xu. "An approach to the match between panels of experts and groups of demanders in fuzzy linguistic environments." Kybernetes 46, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 854–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2016-0221.
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Purpose Consulting experts is an effective way to utilize tacit resource. The purpose of the paper is to optimize the matching between panels of experts and groups of demanders to improve the efficiency of tacit knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach Experts and demanders express preferences using linguistic terms. The estimate method based on trust is developed to get missing ratings. Weights of demanders are determined and knowledge needs are identified. Three kinds of satisfaction are measured based on grey relational analysis. To maximize satisfaction of experts and demanders and safeguard meetings of knowledge needs as well as the workload of experts, the optimization model is constructed and the solution is optimal matching results. Findings The presented approach not only optimizes the matching between demanders and experts but also sets up a panel of experts in case that knowledge needs exceed a single expert’s capacity. Research limitations/implications The approach expands research works of methods for tacit knowledge sharing. The continuous updating of matching results and the processing of the data with mixing formats need to be studied further. Practical implications The presented approach acts as a valuable reference for the development of knowledge management systems. It can be used in any scene that needs the match between experts and demanders. Originality/value The approach provides a new way of helping demanders to find appropriate experts. Both experts’ and demanders’ preferences are considered. A panel of experts is set up when needed. Expert resources are utilized more efficiently and knowledge needs are met more comprehensively.
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Oestreich, Sandy, and Ivan Mann. "More Experts on Experts." Science News 154, no. 20 (November 14, 1998): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4010867.
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Podolianchuk, S. "Methodology of Determination the Specified Coefficient of Experts’ Competence of the Scientific Activity Evaluation." Zhytomyr Ivan Franko state university journal. Рedagogical sciences, no. 1(87) (April 4, 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.1(87).2017.123-128.
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The problem of experts' selection is one of the most difficult in a theory and practice of expert researches. The selection only at a quality level does not always allow to form skilled expert group. Therefore the evaluation of the expert’s competence is more often carried out with the help of the special numerical index – coefficient of competence.
During the research, we used a comparative analysis, mathematical methods and special methods of experts’ quality evaluation: a priori, a posterior and tests.
Development of methodology of finding the specified coefficient of experts’ competence and expert group of the scientific activity evaluation became a result of undertaken study. In the article for the determination of the specified coefficient of competence there is the offered formula that takes into account data, determined to the beginning of the examination realization, namely – the level of professional preparation and being informed, the level of basic argumentation at making decision, personal internals of expert, the level of actions coordination with the members of working group, and includes the results of the special numerical index, calculated on the basis of the results of previous examinations (tours of expert evaluation).
This methodology was approved at Vinnitsa State Pedagogical University. The results of approbation showed a positive dynamics in relation to the increase of absolute values of basic indexes of competence and confirmed expediency of realization of several tours of expert evaluation. The offered methodology can be also used as auxiliary for realization of checked calculation in relation to validity of determination to the beginning of the examination realization of experts’ competence coefficient.
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Rahayu, Sri, Bunga Ayu Wulandari, and Muhammad Ali. "Pengembangan Modul Matematika sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran secara Online untuk Siswa SMK yang Melaksanakan Prakerin (Praktek Kerja Industri)." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i1.3303.
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This study aims to produce a Mathematics Module to Support Online Learning for Vocational High School Students Carrying Out Internships (Industrial Work Practice). This research is development research, with the research design used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) which consists of five stages, namely the analysis stage, design stage, development stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The subjects of this study were 20-30 students of class XI Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering at Setih Setio 1 Muara Bungo Vocational School. The procedure for this research was preliminary research, designing modules, preparing instruments, expert tests, individual tests, and student tests. The feasibility of this product is seen from the results of expert validation by achieving the appropriate criteria for the module. Research results based on the assessment of material experts in the very feasible category, and the media expert's assessment in the very feasible category, the assessment of students on small-scale tests and large-scale tests gave an average percentage of positive responses. Based on the assessment of material experts, media experts, design experts, student responses, it can be concluded that the mathematics module with statistics material is appropriate for use as a support for SMK students who carry out Internship (Industrial Work Practice).
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Tešić, Duško, and Darko Božanić. "Model for determining competences of experts in the field of Military Science." Vojno delo 76, no. 1 (2024): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2401001t.
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In addition to the fact that every science has its subject matter, theory, language and methods, it has to have its unique manner of determining the competence of experts in a certain field. This paper studies the manner of determining the competence of experts when the subject of research belongs to the field of Military Science. To identify the influence of individual elements on the competence of an expert, a model has been formed to define the evaluation of the competence. In order to arrive at a final value of the significance of elements of expert's competence, different subjective methods were used founded on ranking method and Full Consistency Method (FUCOM), Combinative Distance Based Assessment (CODAS), Complex Proportional Assessment (CORPAS), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo), as well as the operator Einstein weighted arithmetic average for the aggregation of group decisions. The concurrence of experts was achieved by means of concordance coefficient, while Delphi method was used for the experts surveying process. The proposed model was tested on an illustrative example which proved the validity of the model and the possibility of its application in a real-life situation. This paper should provide assistance to researchers in the field of Military Science who use expert evaluation in their research.
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Guzik, Aldona, and Anna Stolińska. "Niesłyszalni eksperci? Zarządzanie percepcją wypowiedzi eksperckich w dobie mediów multimodalnych na przykładzie wybranego materiału z serwisu informacyjnego – badania pilotażowe." Zarządzanie Mediami 9, no. 3 (2021): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23540214zm.21.025.13756.
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In-Audible Experts? Managing the Perception of Expert’s Statements in the Era of Multimodal Media, on the Example of Selected Material From an Information Service ‒ Pilot Study The article discusses the perception studies of experts commenting political events on television. The aim of the study was to determine to what extent the expert hypothesis works in the era of multimodal communication and information noise. In addition, an attempt was made to identify elements of viewers’ attention management, such as: attractors and visual distractors, and to determine the importance of emblems of expertise in qualifying people who speak to this group. Two research techniques were used in the study: eye tracking and surveys, which allowed for comprehensive analysis of multimodal message. Research shows that in the case of such messages, viewers usually use the face-caption-face scheme, with the face being the attractor for both groups – a single person and a crowd. The elements of the background turned out to be distractors, which can be of great importance in the perception of expert statements, since in the media we recently tend to place the expert outside, in a dynamic surrounding. At the same time, the analysis showed that expert emblems, e.g. title or clothing, are an indicator of the speaker’s belonging to this group. Despite of this, expert statements were considered by the respondents to be aggressive, non-substantive and not adding anything to their knowledge of politics, which supports the recognition of Tom Nichols’s thesis about the death of experts and their expertise, and at the same time about the inadequacy of the hypothesis referring to experts in the age of multimodal media.
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Gao, Shengxiang, Zhengtao Yu, Linbin Shi, Xin Yan, and Haixia Song. "A Method to Review Expert Recommendation Using Topic Relevance and Expert Relationship." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 27, no. 01 (March 2018): 1741004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843017410040.
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In the process of recommending review experts to projects, in order to effectively make use of the relevance among topics and the relationship among experts, a new method is proposed for review expert recommendation using topic relevance and expert relationship. In this method, firstly, the relevance among topics and the relationships among experts are used to respectively construct the Markov network of topics and the Markov network of experts. Next, the maximum topic clique is extracted from the topic Markov network and the maximum expert clique is extracted from the expert Markov network; then, with the information of the two maximum cliques, the relevance between experts and projects is calculated. After that, according to the descending order of the relevant degree, the candidates are ranked. Finally, the experts, who are the top N to projects, are recommended. The experiments on five domain datasets are made and the results show that the proposed method can improve the effect of review expert recommendation, and the F-value increases by an average of 5% than without considering the relevance among topics and the relationship among experts.
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Baturina, Elena V. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Reviewing the Conclusion and Questioning the Expert in Court." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2022.12.59-68.
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Based on the results of the analysis of the scientific literature, it is concluded that insufficient attention is paid to the assessment of the expert economist's conclusion. In this regard, the problem area of the study is considered taking into account the practice of conducting forensic economic examinations by experts of the ECC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, non-state experts of St. Petersburg, as well as the practice of reviewing the conclusions of forensic experts from other regions of Russia. The purpose of the work is to study and develop methodological and practical recommendations for improving the assessment of expert opinions that reflect the results of the performed forensic economic examinations, for the presence of insufficient clarity or completeness, as well as in cases of doubts about the validity of the expert's conclusion or the presence of contradictions in the expert's conclusions. The main objectives of the study: review of the review of the expert opinion of the forensic expert; questions to the expert who performed the expert study for the court session. The solution of the research tasks that determine the achievement of the goal of this scientific work meets the requirements of consistency and contains an in-depth presentation of recommendations for evaluating the conclusions of expert economists, taking into account existing practice and positive experience in this area. The methodological basis of the research is based on general scientific methods of synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, and the dialectical method of cognition of socio-economic phenomena. In the process of writing the work, private scientific methods were used: methods of comparative and formal-logical analysis. The result of the study-specific criteria for evaluating the expert-economist's conclusion within the framework of its review are formulated, directly related to the forensic economic expertise, and a list of typical violations identified within the framework of reviewing the expert-economist's conclusions is disclosed.
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Lutfiyah, Lailatul, Achmad Buchori, and Intan Indiati. "DESAIN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS E MODUL PADA MATERI LOGIKA MATEMATIKA." Jurnal Lebesgue : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika dan Statistika 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/lb.v4i1.245.
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This research is development research that designs products in the form of e-module mathematics for class XI SMA/SMK/MA. This research is focused on the feasibility of the product developed by involving validation from media experts and material experts. The purpose of this research is to develop teaching modules for students in the form of e-modules with mathematical logic material using the 4D model, namely. definition, design, development and dissemination phases. In this study, the development procedure was carried out up to the develop stage because the time for making and validating the product was limited. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation sheets consisting of media expert observation sheets and material expert observation sheets. The data analysis technique refers to the Likert scale and the results are described qualitatively. This mathematical logic e-module was first validated by media and materials experts as well as a student survey. The average percentage of the material expert's assessment was 87.5%, the percentage of the media expert's assessment was 86.8%, and the percentage of the student's conformity assessment was 86.2%, which means that the media from the e-module can be used in a very good category. Thus, this mathematical logic e-module product can be used in mathematics-logic material and can be utilized in teaching mathematics for class XI SMK
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Fedyk, Yu, and І. Besaha. "Evidentiary value of the conclusion of a veterinary expert in a judicial proceeding." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 77 (July 13, 2023): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.77.2.44.
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The paper discusses the issue of the authority of non-certified experts ‒ specialists in veterinary medicine ‒ to conduct forensic veterinary examinations, as well as the evidentiary value of expert opinions in legal proceedings. The authors address the issue of conducting forensic veterinary examinations in criminal, civil, and administrative cases in the context of the evidentiary value of expert conclusions regarding the establishment of illegal acts and causation between such acts and the negative consequences that have arisen. Special emphasis is placed on the significance of expert conclusions in the field of veterinary medicine in cases involving the compensation of moral and material damages. The article includes separate provisions on the mandatory conduct of expert examinations in certain cases. It has been found that the relevant legislation does not provide a detailed description of the requirements for who can be considered an expert, but it does contain specific requirements for the level of education, qualifications, and necessary knowledge to address the issues at hand. The authors have identified the requirements for individuals who can be considered experts. It has been established that current legislation grants the right to conduct forensic veterinary expertise to persons who are not registered as certified experts, provided they can demonstrate their qualifications as experts in the relevant field, and exceptions to this rule are also indicated. The determination of who can be an expert can be based not only on official certification but also on proof of qualifications and experience in the relevant field. It has been established that an expert's conclusion can be used as evidence in cases of compensation for moral and material damages, provided that it contains appropriate conclusions regarding the unlawful behavior of the person who caused the damage, the existence of a causal link between the unlawful behavior and the damage caused, and the guilt of the person who caused the damage.
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Seidel, M., C. Breslin, R. M. Christley, G. Gettinby, S. W. J. Reid, and C. W. Revie. "Comparing diagnoses from expert systems and human experts." Agricultural Systems 76, no. 2 (May 2003): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(02)00035-5.
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Makhaev, Mair R., Vladimir I. Golovanov, and Nadezhda F. Melnichenko. "EQGP: Public Policy Expertise, experts and Expert Council." Municipal Academy, no. 4 (2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52176/2304831x_2022_04_31.
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Боднар, Оксана. "Evaluation of communicative competence of experts in the field of education." Pedagogika. Studia i Rozprawy 29 (2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2020.29.04.
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The article considers the content and specificity of the communication competences of an expert in the field of education. The subjective factors influencing the development of the expert's communication skills were identified. Its communication functions in the process of expertise are described, communication barriers and typical errors in providing information to the subjects are presented. On the basis of the developed criteria, a parametric-index model of evaluating an expert's communicative competences is constructed which it is possible to carry out selection experts for research on pedagogical objects.
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Behe, Bridget K., Melinda J. Knuth, Alicia Rihn, and Charles R. Hall. "Plant Novices and Experts Differ in Their Value of Plant Type, Price, and Perceived Availability." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.3.116.
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Abstract Individuals with greater plant knowledge likely differ in purchase behavior compared to those with less plant knowledge. The goal of this study was to investigate consumer preferences for plants based on availability, price, and type, comparing plant experts with novices. Researchers employed an online survey and sub-contracted with a survey panel to recruit participants, yielding 1,010 complete and useful responses. Participants responded to a 10-item plant knowledge test adopted from Knuth et al. (2020). The number of correct answers to the knowledge test was used to categorize respondents into plant novice and expert groups (those intermediate in plant knowledge were excluded from analyses) and differences were explored. Experts had a slightly higher percentage of females compared to novices, were eight years older, and were slightly more educated compared to novices. Experts spent nearly twice as much on plants in 2021 as novices and bought more plants but from fewer plant categories. Plant type was the most important contributor to the expert's purchase decision, followed by price, and then availability. Novices valued more (had a higher mean utility score) plants that were moderately common when compared to experts, while experts valued rare plants more than novices.
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Hou, Yuan Hang, Jia Ning Zhang, and Chun Bo Zhen. "Large Naval Ship Evaluation Method Attended by Multiple Experts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.299.
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An integrating, coordinating and optimization for experts’ evaluate opinion method according to naval ship evaluation case study is researched. Ship projects evaluation index system is proposed pointing at large surface naval ship, meanwhile the weights of index of experts’ opinion and ship projects are identified. After combining the actual demand of evaluation with the algorithm, a sequence deviation estimating method is formed for estimating the difference between individual and group opinions. Thus a naval ship evaluation platform is proposed which could integrate, coordinate and optimize expert's opinion effectively. Calculation shows this new method system, which mixed the numerical computing and computer iteration technology together, could meet the actual demand of naval ship evaluation commendably. Not only can it retain each expert's original preference, but also consistent the consulting result rapidly. Thus the new method has great applicability in naval ship evaluating progress, with the ability of solving conflict among the expert group.