Academic literature on the topic 'Expertise paradigm'
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Journal articles on the topic "Expertise paradigm"
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Campbell, Robert L., and Lia Di Bello. "Studying human expertise: Beyond the binary paradigm." Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 8, no. 3-4 (July 1996): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095281396147339.
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Al-Benna, Sammy. "The paradigm of burn expertise: Scientia est lux lucis." Burns 40, no. 6 (September 2014): 1235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2014.05.010.
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Williams, N. R., T. J. McKeef, F. Tong, and I. Gauthier. "Competition between domains of expertise in a visual search paradigm." Journal of Vision 7, no. 9 (March 19, 2010): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/7.9.335.
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Popov, Dimitar, and Velka Popova. "Linguistic Personology – Potential in Phonoscopic Expertise." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (March 2020): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.1.8.
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The study attempts to justify the development of linguistic personology in Bulgaria as an interdisciplinary scientific paradigm, which comprises theoretical foundations of psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, linguistic pragmatics, semiotics and phonоstylistics. The applied aspect of the approach consists in describing speaker's physiognomic expressions and speech markers, and their anthropological characteristics, which enable researchers to present a speech profile of the respective person through two parameters: their personal identity and personal voice with its unique inherent features. Linguistic personology through speech as an autonomous interdisciplinary research paradigm, serves in forensic (phonoscopic) expertise for the speakers' characteristics diagnostics, considering typical voice peculiarities. The approach studies speaker's verbal behaviour and distinctive features of his or her personal identity signaled by personal voice expression measured through linguistic (phonoscopic) expertise. Linguistic personology through speech is a unique method of personality typization as well as characterizing the speaker based on the analysis of his / her specific pronunciation and voice transformation, used in the field of forensic phonetics. It is proposed to supplement the expert assessment with the results of acoustic analysis of voice samples, as well as their perception, for more objective identification of matching linguistic data. The article represents speech excerpts, the acoustic images of which demonstrate audio-and-visual comprehension of gender differentiation of speakers, whose voices indicate that the recipients belong to the diagnosed group of men, women or transvestites.
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Waters, Andrew J., Geoffrey Underwood, and John M. Findlay. "Studying expertise in music reading: Use of a pattern-matching paradigm." Perception & Psychophysics 59, no. 4 (June 1997): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211857.
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Burns, David J., and Debra Mooney. "Transcollegial leadership: a new paradigm for leadership." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-05-2016-0114.
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Purpose The increasing complexity of higher education has led to the need for a different type of leader that transcends traditional boundaries and individual self-interest. The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative form of leadership consistent with the unique challenges faced by institutions of higher education today. Design/methodology/approach First, existing research on leadership is explored. Particular attention is placed on identifying the applicability of the primary leadership approaches to the unique organizational environment typically found in institutions of higher education. Transcollegial leadership is then developed as an alternative form of leadership better suited to colleges and universities in today’s dynamic environment. Findings After examining the inadequacies of existing forms of leadership in higher education, transcollegial leadership is introduced as the process involved in leaders systematically, but informally, relating to persons and groups of equivalent authority in different areas of an institution of higher education for its betterment and the advancement of its mission, not for person gain. Practical implications It appears that transcollegial leadership may be specifically suited for institutions of higher education given their unique organizational structure. Transcollegial leadership permits colleges and universities to better utilize the skills and expertise of their members. The skills and expertise of transcollegial leaders not only benefit their home organizational units, but can benefit the entire organization. Originality/value The paper examines a different approach to leadership to aid colleges and universities in facing the challenges of a rapidly changing and increasingly competitive environment.
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Combes, Céline, Olga Volckaert-Legrier, and Pierre Largy. "Automatic or Controlled Writing?" SMS Communication: A linguistic approach 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.35.2.05com.
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The objective of this study was to attempt to distinguish the various processes of producing SMS spelling forms. The production of these different spelling forms was compared by means of an experimental paradigm: the dual task. This paradigm aimed at identifying the attentional resources necessary for the process of producing SMS spelling. Another way in which to address the degree of automation of these production processes was to compare SMS productions in terms of the level of SMS writing expertise. The results of this study demonstrated that the spelling forms produced in SMS language (eSMS), and therefore their production process, differ according to the degree of SMS writing expertise and the attention that the participants are able to devote to the SMS writing task. The results confirm that SMS writing represents a cognitive cost for novice texters and tends to become automatic as the users acquire expertise.
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Kleinsmith, Abigail, and Heather Sheridan. "Visual expertise in a music reading flicker paradigm: Evidence from eye movements." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (September 1, 2018): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.1217.
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Roberts-DeGennaro, Maria. "Evidence-Based (Informed) Macro Practice Paradigm: Integration of Practice Expertise and Research." Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work 5, no. 3-4 (September 5, 2008): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15433710802083955.
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Scheckler, William E. "Healthcare Epidemiology is the Paradigm for Patient Safety." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, no. 1 (January 2002): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/503449.
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I was honored to receive the 2001 Lectureship Award from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). It was my intent during the talk to review our field and implications that some of the new initiatives called “patient safety” have for our expertise. This article is based on the SHEA Lectureship that was given April 1, 2001, at the SHEA Annual Meeting in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.This article consists of four sections. First, I review lessons learned from colleagues during the 33 years that I have been associated with the field of hospital epidemiology and infection control, since my first days at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Second, I explore issues raised by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on patient safety, adverse events, and medical errors, evaluating research that went into the extrapolation of the numbers of preventable deaths that this report highlighted. Those deaths gained everyone's attention. Third, I review the field of healthcare epidemiology, highlighting the three decades of success in our field in enhancing the safety of patients, improving their outcomes, and making a difference in the quality of medical care received in the United States. Finally, I discuss the challenges that hospital epidemiology currently faces and the opportunities that come with the expertise we have developed during more than 30 years.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expertise paradigm"
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Forshaw, Mark John. "Expertise and ageing : the crossword-puzzle paradigm." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.561289.
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Crossword puzzle solving was used as an example of cognitive expertise, to examine the effects of age and fluid and crystallized intelligence on ability to perform practised skills. Tasks based on the component processeso f crossword puzzle solving were given to a set of elderly people aged between 58 and 77 years, who were also tested on ability to solve crossword clues. It was assumed that crossword solving expertise could lie in a number of areas, such as efficiency of lexical access, orthographic knowledge, vocabulary and knowledge of task-specific rules. Various aspects of these were tested in terms of ability to search for answers (generate words) or check answers (compare words on a given criterion). It was found that, generally, those tasks which involved a generative process were those which correlated most highly with crossword solving expertise, suggesting that the checking of answers was of negligible importance. Age did not correlate with performance on most of the crossword component tasks, implying that as people become expert at solving problems, their ability to solve them becomes independent of the general age-related declines in information processing capacity and the slowing of the central nervous system.
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Moroney, Robyn Ann Accounting Australian School of Business UNSW. "An investigation and comparison of the decision-making process used by industry specialist and other auditors." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Accounting, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19242.
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Large accounting firms have been structuring their audit divisions along industry lines for some years. Industry specialisation is seen as a means of differentiation between otherwise similar accounting firms. At the individual level industry specialists are identified as being so designated within their firm. They spend a substantial amount of their time auditing clients in that industry. The purpose of this study is to determine what industry specialist auditors do that is different and similar when working on industry-based tasks, one of which they specialise in. Behavioural decision theory is used to investigate the differences and similarities in the decision-making processes of industry specialist and other auditors. It is known that industry specialists perform better on tasks set in their industry. The purpose of this study is to learn why. To that end, the pre-information search, information search and decision processing phases of the decision-making process are examined. It is expected that industry specialists are more efficient and effective at each stage of the decision-making process when completing a case set in the industry they specialise in. Two controlled experiments were conducted in the offices of each of the Big 4 international accounting firms. Participants included manufacturing and superannuation industry specialists from each firm. Each participant was invited to take part in both experiments, which were conducted consecutively via the internet. The first experiment comprised two cases, one set in each industry setting (manufacturing and superannuation). Participants completed both cases. The purpose of the first experiment was to conduct a within-subject examination unveiling similarities and differences between industry specialists and other auditors during the pre-information search, information search and decision processing phases of the decision-making process. Their performance on each case was also monitored and measured. Significant results were found for information search and performance. Moderate results were found for one proxy each of the pre-information search and the decision processing phases. The relationship between efficiency at each stage of the decision-making process and performance was also measured. A significant relationship was found for the pre-information search and decision processing phases. The second experiment comprised two strategic business risk tasks set in each industry setting (manufacturing and superannuation). Participants completed both sets of tasks. The purpose of the second experiment was to examine effectiveness during the pre-information search (listing key strategic business risks), information search (listing key inputs) and decision processing (listing key processes) phases of the decision-making process and their ability to identify and list key outputs (accounts and assertions) for an identified risk (technological change for the manufacturing industry task and solvency due to insufficient funding for the superannuation industry task) within each industry setting. The results were very significant overall. Industry specialist auditors were able list more key strategic business risks, inputs, processes and outputs when the task was set in the industry in which they specialise. The relationship between effectiveness at each stage of the decision-making process and performance was also measured. A significant relationship was found between effectiveness in listing key inputs and effectiveness in listing key outputs (accounts).
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Dusaucy, Valériane. "Effet de l'organisation des informations visuelles et de l'expertise sur les stratégies d'exploration visuelle dans un paradigme multitâches." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3109.
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L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer que l’'expertise peut-être une solution aux baisses de performances observées dans un paradigme de multitâche. Beaucoup d'expériences sur l'expertise expliquent que les experts vont mobiliser leurs connaissances antérieurement acquises afin de réaliser une tâche (stratégie top-down). Au contraire des novices, qui vont explorer le matériel de manière plus exhaustive en partant uniquement de l’objectif de la tâche à réaliser (stratégie bottom-up). Nous avons réalisé trois études. La première porte sur les patterns visuels des experts du jeu WoW. Alors que les experts devaient mémoriser des éléments d’une vidéo (simple vs complexe) tout en écoutant une histoire, on observe que lorsque le matériel est simple, les experts mettent en place une stratégie top-down, au contraire lorsque la tâche est plus complexe ils vont retourner progressivement à une stratégie bottom-up. Les novices, quant à eux suivront une stratégie bottom-up tout le long de l’expérience. La saillance capturerait le regard des novices, au contraire des experts qui arriveraient à l'inhiber. Grâce à ces résultats, nous avons mis à jour une grille d’heuristiques ergonomique. Enfin, nous avons étudié les patterns visuels dans un environnement plus écologique comme la réservation de billets d’avion en ligne. Les résultats, tout comme ceux de la première expérience, montrent le même type de pattern visuel trouvé dans les recherches n’impliquant que l’expertise. Les experts dans un domaine seraient aussi experts en multitâche dans ce domaine. De plus, la dernière expérience montre que les experts, quelques soient la charge de travail, mettent en place des stratégies top-downThe aim of this project is to show how expertise can be a solution to the decrease of the performance in a multitasking paradigm. A lot of experience on the expertise explain that these experts will use their knowledge previously learned to explore an interface (top-down strategy). Unlike novices, who will explore the material in a more exhaustive way based on the objective of the task to be achieved (bottom-up strategy).We have carried out three studies to answer this problem. We studied the visual patterns of the WoW game experts, while asking them to memorize elements of a video (simple vs complex) and listening a story . We observe ambivalence in the strategy of exploration. Effectively, when the material is simple, experts will use a top-down strategy, and progressively with the complexity of the task, they will return to a bottom-up strategy. The novices, meanwhile, will follow a bottom-up strategy throughout the experience. The study of the map of salience shows that the attention of the novices will be captured by this one. This is not the case for experts who will inhibit it and explore the most important information for the task. From these results, we have updated an usability heuristic grid. Finally, we have completed this research by studying visual patterns in a more ecological context as booking airline tickets online. The results, like those of the first experiment, show the same type of visual pattern found in research involving only expertise. Experts in one field would also be experts in multitasking in this field. Moreover, in the last research, we found experts use all long these top-down’ strategy even on the more complex condition
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Huron, Samuel. "Constructive Visualization : A token-based paradigm allowing to assemble dynamic visual representation for non-experts." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112253/document.
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Durant les 20 dernières années, la recherche en visualisation d’informations (InfoVis) a permis l’émergence de nouvelles techniques et méthodes qui permettent d’assister l’analyse de données intensives pour la science, l’industrie, et les gouvernements. Cependant, la plupart de ces travaux de recherches furent orientés sur des données statiques pour des utilisateurs experts.Dernièrement, des évolutions technologique et sociétales ont eu pour effet de rendre les données de plus en plus dynamiques et accessibles pour une population plus diverse. Par exemple des flux de données tels que les emails, les mises à jours de statuts sur les réseaux sociaux, les flux RSS, les systèmes de gestion de versions, et bien d’autres. Ces nouveaux types de données sont utilisés par une population qui n’est pas forcément entraînée ou éduquée à utiliser des visualisations de données. La plupart de ces personnes sont des utilisateurs occasionnels, d’autres utilisent très souvent ces données dans leurs travaux. Dans les deux cas, il est probable que ces personnes n’aient pas reçu de formation formelle en visualisation de données.Ces changements technologiques et sociétaux ont généré une multitude de nouveaux défis, car la plupart des techniques de visualisations sont conçues pour des experts et des bases de données statiques. Peu d’études ont été conduites pour explorer ces défis. Dans ce rapport de thèse, j’adresse la question suivante : « Peut-on permettre à des utilisateurs non-experts de créer leur propre visualisation et de contribuer à l’analyse de flux de données ? »La première étape pour répondre à cette question est d’évaluer si des personnes non formées à la visualisation d’informations ou aux « data sciences » peuvent effectuer des tâches d’analyse de données dynamiques utiles, en utilisant un système de visualisation adapté pour supporter cette tâche. Dans la première partie de cette dissertation, je présente différents scénarios et systèmes, qui permettent à des utilisateurs non-experts (de 20 à 300 ou 2000 à 700 000 personnes) d’utiliser la visualisation d’informations pour analyser des données dynamiques.Un autre problème important est le manque de principes génériques de design pour l’encodage visuel de visualisations d’informations dynamiques. Dans cette dissertation, je conçois, définis, et explore un espace de design pour représenter des donnés dynamiques pour des utilisateurs non-experts. Cette espace de design est structuré par des jetons graphiques représentant des éléments de données qui permettent de construire dans le temps différentes visualisations, tant classiques que nouvelles.Dans cette thèse, je propose un nouveau paradigme de conception (design) pour faciliter la réalisation de visualisation d’informations par les utilisateurs non-experts. Ce paradigme est inspiré par des théories établies en psychologie du développement, tout autant que par des pratiques passées et présentes de création de visualisation à partir d’objets tangibles. Je décris tout d’abord les composants et processus de bases qui structurent ce paradigme. Ensuite, j’utiliserai cette description pour étudier *si et comment* des utilisateur non-experts sont capables de créer, discuter, et mettre à jour leurs propres visualisations. Cette étude nous permettra de réviser notre modèle précédent et de fournir une première exploration des phénomènes relatifs à la création d’encodages visuels par des utilisateurs non-experts sans logiciel. En résumé, cette thèse contribue à la compréhension des visualisations dynamiques pour des utilisateurs non-expertsDuring the past two decades, information visualisation (InfoVis) research has created new techniques and methods to support data- intensive analyses in science, industry and government. These have enabled a wide range of analyses tasks to be executed, with tasks varying in terms of the type and volume of data involved. However, the majority of this research has focused on static datasets, and the analysis and visualisation tasks tend to be carried out by trained expert users. In more recent years, social changes and technological advances have meant that data have become more and more dynamic, and are consumed by a wider audience. Examples of such dynamic data streams include e-mails, status updates, RSS 1 feeds, versioning systems, social networks and others. These new types of data are used by populations that are not specifically trained in information visualization. Some of these people might consist of casual users, while others might consist of people deeply involved with the data, but in both cases, they would not have received formal training in information visualization. For simplicity, throughout this dissertation, I refer to the people (casual users, novices, data experts) who have not been trained in information visualisation as non-experts.These social and technological changes have given rise to multiple challenges because most existing visualisation models and techniques are intended for experts, and assume static datasets. Few studies have been conducted that explore these challenges. In this dissertation, with my collaborators, I address the question: Can we empower non-experts in their use of visualisation by enabling them to contribute to data stream analysis as well as to create their own visualizations?The first step to answering this question is to determine whether people who are not trained in information visualisation and the data sciences can conduct useful dynamic analysis tasks using a visualisation system that is adapted to support their tasks. In the first part of this dissertation I focus on several scenarios and systems where different sized crowds of InfoVis non-experts users (20 to 300 and 2 000 to 700 000 people) use dynamic information visualisation to analyse dynamic data.Another important issue is the lack of generic design principles for the visual encoding of dynamic visualization. In this dissertation I design, define and explore a design space to represent dynamic data for non-experts. This design space is structured by visual tokens representing data items that provide the constructive material for the assembly over time of different visualizations, from classic represen- tations to new ones. To date, research on visual encoding has been focused on static datasets for specific tasks, leaving generic dynamic approaches unexplored and unexploited.In this thesis, I propose construction as a design paradigm for non-experts to author simple and dynamic visualizations. This paradigm is inspired by well-established developmental psychological theory as well as past and existing practices of visualisation authoring with tangible elements. I describe the simple conceptual components and processes underlying this paradigm, making it easier for the human computer interaction community to study and support this process for a wide range of visualizations. Finally, I use this paradigm and tangible tokens to study if and how non-experts are able to create, discuss and update their own visualizations. This study allows us to refine our previous model and provide a first exploration into how non-experts perform a visual mapping without software. In summary, this thesis contributes to the understanding of dynamic visualisation for non-expert users
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Cayuela, Rafols Marc. "Algorithmic Study on Prediction with Expert Advice : Study of 3 novel paradigms with Grouped Experts." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254344.
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The main work for this thesis has been a thorough study of the novel Prediction with Partially Monitored Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigm. This is newly proposed in this thesis, and it extends the widely studied Prediction with Expert Advice paradigm. The extension is based on two assumptions and one restriction that modify the original problem. The first assumption, Grouped, presumes that the experts are structured into groups. The second assumption, Side Information, introduces additional information that can be used to timely relate predictions with groups. Finally, the restriction, Partially Monitored, imposes that the groups’ predictions are only known for one group at a time. The study of this paradigm includes the design of a complete prediction algorithm, the proof of a theoretical bound of the worse-case cumulative regret for such algorithm, and an experimental evaluation of the algorithm (proving the existence of cases where this paradigm outperforms Prediction with Expert Advice). Furthermore, since the development of the algorithm is constructive, it allows to easily build two additional prediction algorithms for the Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice and Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigms. Therefore, this thesis presents three novel prediction algorithms, with corresponding regret bounds, and a comparative experimental evaluation including the original Prediction with Expert Advice paradigm.Huvudarbetet för den här avhandlingen har varit en grundlig studie av den nya Prediction with Partially Monitored Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigmet. Detta är nyligen föreslagit i denna avhandling, och det utökar det brett studerade Prediction with Expert Advice paradigmet. Förlängningen baseras på två antaganden och en begränsning som ändrar det ursprungliga problemet. Det första antagandet, Grouped, förutsätter att experterna är inbyggda i grupper. Det andra antagandet, Side Information, introducerar ytterligare information som kan användas för att i tid relatera förutsägelser med grupper. Slutligen innebär begränsningen, Partially Monitored, att gruppens förutsägelser endast är kända för en grupp i taget. Studien av detta paradigm innefattar utformningen av en komplett förutsägelsesalgoritm, beviset på en teoretisk bindning till det sämre fallet kumulativa ånger för en sådan algoritm och en experimentell utvärdering av algoritmen (bevisar förekomsten av fall där detta paradigm överträffar Prediction with Expert Advice). Eftersom algoritmens utveckling är konstruktiv tillåter den dessutom att enkelt bygga två ytterligare prediksionsalgoritmer för Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice och Prediction with Grouped Expert Advice and Side Information paradigmer. Därför presenterar denna avhandling tre nya prediktionsalgoritmer med motsvarande ångergränser och en jämförande experimentell utvärdering inklusive det ursprungliga Prediction with Expert Advice paradigmet.
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Beder, Sharon Science & Technology Studies (STS) UNSW. "From pipe dreams to tunnel vision : engineering decision-making and Sydney's sewerage system." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Science and Technology Studies (STS), 1989. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20621.
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The broad theme of this thesis is engineering decision-making. The various factors that shape technological development are investigated using the development of Sydney's sewerage system as a case study. The thesis focuses on various key decisions, past and present, including the choice of water-carriage technology for sewage collection, the selection of sewage treatment technologies, and on-going preference of engineers and bureaucrats for ocean disposal. Also covered are the legislative and regulatory mechanisms, the policies of the Sydney Water Board with regard to industrial waste disposal and the relationship between the Board and the public. A study was made of historical documents, engineering reports and papers, parliamentary debates, annual reports, minutes, newspaper reports and secondary sources and personal interviews were conducted. Various bodies of literature were referred to and used, including the books and articles on the history and sociology of engineers, the politics of expertise and public participation and the emerging discipline of science and technology studies. It is concluded that the development of Sydney's sewerage system has been shaped by social, political and economic factors and that engineers have played a pivotal role in the decisions made through their deliberate shaping of knowledge and the performance of predictions they have made for various options. The decisions made in this way have been defended against public opinion and public participation in the decision-making process has been kept to a minimum. This thesis supports the argument that technology is socially constructed, that the technical cannot be separated from the social, and that an interactive model of technological development is more appropriate than a linear, causal one. It shows that the role of power in the shaping of technology is crucial, and in particular the alliance of state and professional power that occurs in the shaping of public sector technology.
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Mille, Alain. "Raisonnement basé sur l'expérience pour coopérer à la prise de décision : un nouveau paradigme en supervision industrielle." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET4016.
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L'opérateur chargé de superviser un système industriel complexe exploite les possibilités offertes par l'environnement informatique à sa disposition qui collecte les données, synthétise et illustre la situation courante sur les écrans de contrôle. Il doit choisir quels sont les tableaux de bord les plus pertinents et utiles pour gérer chaque situation qui se présente. Ce choix est une décision déterminante pour gérer les évolutions et les incidents et doit être remis en cause dès que la situation évolue sensiblement. Le sujet de la thèse est de définir comment utiliser le système informatique pour aider efficacement l'opérateur dans ce processus décisionnel. La mise au point d'un atelier logiciel pour générer et exploiter des systèmes de supervisions d'une nouvelle génération est l'objet industriel du travail de recherche. Les résultats de la recherche en psychologie cognitive sont exploités pour proposer un nouveau paradigme de supervision correspondant au processus de décision de l'opérateur sur la base de son expérience ou sur celle de ses collègues. L'expérience n'intervient pas seule, elle est contrôlée par les connaissances structurées disponibles sur le système à superviser. Le système informatique utilise ces connaissances comme des modèles pour comparer des situations similaires et proposer des adaptations possibles à un nouveau contexte. Les connaissances sur l'expérience (les cas de supervision) sont distinguées des connaissances sur le système (la théorie du domaine), mais sont insérées dans un réseau dense de relations permettant de naviguer du cas à la théorie et l'inverse. L'exploitation de ces connaissances repose en effet sur la capacité à mettre en relation les modèles avec l'expérience concrète de l'opérateur. Le principe général que nous proposons d'adopter à différents stades de la décision, est d'associer la connaissance mise en évidence par les modèles avec l'expérience acquise par les acteurs de la résolution de problème. Le cadre de la supervision industrielle se prête particulièrement bien au développement de cette idée, dans la mesure où l'opérateur reste l'acteur principal dans cette tâche et qu'il est guidé dans ses décisions par les modèles disponibles sur ses écrans de contrôle et par sa propre expérience. La théorie du domaine est dérivée des modèles habituels utilisés en conception de système (modèles fonctionnels, structurels, etc. ). Des mécanismes génériques sont proposés pour comparer des situations sur la base de similarité conceptuelle et événementielle, pour apparier des descriptions et des solutions par la similarité de leurs explications, pour adapter une solution au contexte en utilisant les explications comme guide et enfin de garder après validation les cas de supervision nouveaux qui pourront être réutilisés. Au-delà du domaine de la supervision industrielle, les concepts développés dans ce travail semblent pouvoir s'appliquer à de nombreuses circonstances où un operateur est en situation de décider quels sont les tableaux de bord les plus pertinents à réunir dans une situation donnée
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Darmon, Céline. "Réactivité visuo-manuelle, Contrôle du geste et Expertise sensorimotrice: étude en IRM fonctionnelle événementielle." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112330.
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Etude en IRMf sur la réactivité visuo-manuelle intentionnelle et l'expertise sensorimotrice : la correction de trajectoire manuelle en cours de mouvement conduit à sur activer le réseau cérébral impliqué dans pointage direct (aires visuelles occipitales, associatives pariétales, frontales motrices, prémotrices et oculo-motrices, thalamus, ganglions de la base et cervelet). Les aires sensorielles et motrices primaires sont plus fortement sollicités chez les sujets contrôles, alors que les Escrimeurs activent plus fortement les aires d'intégration sensorimotrice de haut niveau (aires pariétales, prémotrices, sous-corticales et cérébelleuses). Le contrôle visuo-manuel semble donc reposer sur des boucles neuronales imbriquées, sous-tendant des modules opérationnels plus ou moins recrutés selon les contraintes d'exécution du mouvement. Il apparaît que l'expertise sensorimotrice liée à la pratique sportive peut conduire à des modifications des cartes fonctionnelles cérébrales.
Books on the topic "Expertise paradigm"
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Forshaw, Mark John. Expertise and ageing: The crossword-puzzle paradigm. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1994.
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Shapiro, Francine, ed. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-000.
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name, No. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2003.
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Bliss, Catherine. A Sociogenomic World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465285.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses a paradigm shift in the genomic sciences wherein scientists have gone from ignoring race to studying it. It argues that the field has adopted a sociogenomic approach to race, in which scientists understand race as a muddled mix of genetic and social factors. Scientists responsible for seminal genome projects, who have faced pressure from the US public health establishment and an array of experts on race, now prioritize race-targeted research, minority recruitment, and analysis of genomic health disparities. As a result large-scale sequencing projects, pharmaceuticals, and postgenomic research have become ever more racialized, while race has taken on an irrevocably genomic imprimatur. This paradigm shift has occurred because of changes across a number of powerful social domains of expertise within science, medicine, and policy. This chapter thus draws upon events taking place in a variety of institutional, regulatory, and normative contexts.
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Jobe-Shields, Lisa, Amanda Costello, Carrie Jackson, and Rochelle F. Hanson. Evaluating Treatments and Interventions. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.24.
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This chapter provides an overview of the evidence-based treatment (EBT) paradigm, beginning with definitional issues, followed by a discussion on use of the iterative process and the importance of strong academic–practice partnerships to inform the development, selection, and implementation of EBTs. The discussion then turns to the importance of attaining, measuring, and sustaining fidelity to the treatment models; and identifying common barriers to sustained EBT use. Drawing from our expertise related to interventions for children and adolescents, a few dissemination/implementation models are highlighted as examples of current efforts to achieve sustained use of EBTs among practitioners, within agencies, and across communities. This involves keeping up to date with the research and integrating the available evidence base with clinical expertise and patient characteristics, including cultural considerations and client preferences for treatment. The chapter concludes with directions for the future, including considerations for practitioners, referring agents, and agency senior leaders to promote, support, and sustain EBTs.
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de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada, and Kristen Intemann. Failing to Play by the Rules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869229.003.0004.
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This chapter assesses whether focusing on rules of engagement for fruitful discussions about competing scientific views provides a good strategy for reliably identifying normatively inappropriate dissent (NID). It discusses some of the rules for effective criticism dominant in the philosophy of science literature: shared standards, uptake, and expertise. It shows that although all these criteria appear eminently reasonable as requirements for transformative criticism, what they actually involve is not straightforward. Some of the interpretations of these criteria are likely to identify as inappropriate dissent that is actually epistemically valuable, while other interpretations of these criteria would fail to pinpoint the very cases of dissent that some consider paradigm cases of NID.
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Clark, Robin D., and Cynthia J. Curry. Genetic Consultations in the Newborn. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199990993.001.0001.
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This book was written to assist clinicians who care for newborns with congenital abnormalities in their diagnosis, genomic testing, and management. The goal was to make the evaluation of common neonatal anomalies and genetic syndromes accessible and understandable. In addition, the book may serve as an initial guide for practitioners in areas in which clinical genetic expertise is not readily available. As the book was being written, the testing paradigm shifted to a genomic approach: Chromosome analysis gave way to microarrays, and single gene testing was largely replaced by gene panels and exome sequencing. Thus, this book, which was initially intended as a clinical primer, of necessity became a resource for gene-based information as well.
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Nadler, Anthony M. The Problem of Making News Popular. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040146.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter examines various models for popularizing and democratizing news that have been influential in the United States over the past several decades. It argues that the U.S. news industry has undergone a philosophical paradigm shift, moving away from an ideal of professional autonomy and into a “postprofessional” period characterized by an affirmation that consumers' preferences should drive news production. The chapter also describes several attempts made by key groups of news producers to shift control over the news agenda away from professional expertise and put it in the hands of ordinary news consumers: the market-centered newspaper movement epitomized by Gannett's USA Today, the creation of a genre of news amid competition among the major U.S. cable news channels, and the growth of online social news sites tapping into collaborative filtering as a mechanism for democratizing the news agenda.
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Vout, Caroline. The Error of Roman Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803034.003.0002.
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Today, discussions of ancient art criticism privilege technical terms (akribeia [“accuracy”], aletheia [“truth”], decor [“fittingness”], symmetria [“symmetry”]). Discussions of Rome’s reception of Greek art, as revealed, for example, in Pliny the Elder, stress the need for elites to perform their artistic expertise, with Petronius’ Satyrica providing an elegant caricature. Yet this emphasis represents but one way of telling the story of Greek art’s naturalism and appropriation. In light of ancient accounts of famous artists, Gombrich’s language of “making and matching” can be rethought as “trial and error,” a formula that casts the problems of producing art that is similis veritati (“like to the truth”) in a new light. Indeed Rome’s entire appreciation of Greek art could be described as “one big error” and the Roman reception of Greek art taken as the paradigm for how art must be received. Seen like this, recent scholarship is radically reductive. Why privilege reason?
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Francine, Shapiro, ed. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Expertise paradigm"
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Samsonova, Irina V., Matrena S. Malysheva, Maria B. Pavlova, and Lyubov A. Semenova. "Digital Economy and Sustainable Development of Northern Traditional Industries in the Paradigm of Ethnological Expertise." In Scientific and Technical Revolution: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, 619–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47945-9_67.
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Shapiro, Francine. "Introduction: Paradigms, processing, and personality development." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 3–26. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-001.
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Shapiro, Francine. "EMDR treatment: Overview and integration." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 27–55. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-002.
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van der Kolk, Bessel A. "Beyond the talking cure: Somatic experience and subcortical imprints in the treatment of trauma." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 57–83. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-003.
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Siegel, Daniel J. "The developing mind and the resolution of trauma: Some ideas about information processing and an interpersonal neurobiology of psychotherapy." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 85–121. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-004.
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Wachtel, Paul L. "EMDR and psychoanalysis." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 123–50. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-005.
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Smyth, Nancy J., and A. Desmond Poole. "EMDR and cognitive-behavior therapy: Exploring convergence and divergence." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 151–80. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-006.
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Young, Jeffrey E., William M. Zangwill, and Wendy E. Behary. "Combining EMDR and schema-focused therapy: The whole may be greater than the sum of the parts." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 181–208. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-007.
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Lazarus, Clifford N., and Arnold A. Lazarus. "EMDR: An elegantly concentrated multimodal procedure?" In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 209–23. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-008.
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Gilligan, Stephen. "EMDR and hypnosis." In EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism., 225–38. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10512-009.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Expertise paradigm"
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Horvath, Laszlo. "A new paradigm for experience and expertise in intelligent engineering systems." In 2009 International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ines.2009.4924731.
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Gillard, Sharlett. "Soft Skills and Technical Expertise of Effective Project Managers." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3378.
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As the field of research surrounding project management continues to grow, it is becoming more evident that success in the role of project manager cannot be attained with a technical skill set only. Project managers functioning within a matrix organizational structure and championing large-scale initiatives are in a communication paradigm unparalleled by any other management position. Excellent interpersonal, or soft skills, are necessary requisites for success. Additionally, research is revealing that leading is preferable to managing a project team, and that the leadership style of the project manager directly impacts the outcome of the project. The article presents an overview of these tenets drawn from opinion positions, practical experiences, and empirical research studies. There is clear evidence that additional empirical research would be bene-fic ial.
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Freytag, Michael K., Vadim Shapiro, and Igor Tsukanov. "Scan and Solve: Acquiring the Physics of Artifacts." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35701.
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Existing physical artifacts including sculpture, mechanical parts, and anatomical structures are commonly acquired by modern surface and volumetric scanning technologies for archival, visualization, and diagnostic purposes. While the native representations for such data are largely sufficient for visualization purposes, more advanced field simulation currently requires extensive manual conversions into simplified surface and volume meshes compatible with the traditional finite element analysis pipeline. These conversions are tedious, error-prone, and require expertise in the mesh construction process. We demonstrate automated field simulation on acquired artifacts, bypassing the difficult geometric and topological meshing problems through a meshfree paradigm based on approximate distance fields computed from the native acquired data through sampling.
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Song, Zhengyi, and Young Moon. "CyberManufacturing System: A Solution for Sustainable Manufacturing." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86092.
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CyberManufacturing System (CMS) is emerging as a new manufacturing paradigm and an integrated management approach, and it is capable of providing on-demand, data-driven, highly-collaborative, knowledge-intensive and sustainability-oriented manufacturing solutions. The recent developments in the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Service-Oriented Technologies, and Machine Learning, all contribute to the development of CMS. In CMS, each manufacturer is able to package their resources and capabilities into services and make them available to customers through pay-per-use pricing strategy. Associated capabilities such as computing and simulation resources, application software, know-hows, and expertise also become accessible to worldwide users via the Internet. The manufacturing community is searching for sustainable manufacturing solutions to address environmental degradation and natural resource depletion issues. Sustainable manufacturing systems need to be socially and environmentally responsible as well as economically viable. CMS possesses advanced features — such as resource sharing, servitization and self-manage capabilities — suitable for addressing sustainability issues. This paper presents a framework of the CMS paradigm and performance analysis from the perspective of sustainability. An architecture is proposed to elaborate the constitutions of CMS and to make manufacturing operations transparent. Two case studies are used to illustrate (i) how initial manufacturing requests can be processed and met by a collection of production services and (ii) how the effectiveness of the proposed framework in addressing sustainability issues can be evaluated.
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Hempe, Nico, Jürgen Rossmann, and Ralf Waspe. "Geometric Interpretation and Optimization of Large Semantic Data Sets in Real-Time VR Applications." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70866.
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Current real-time VR applications are based on well-defined digital representations of the environment. In order to render a realistic looking environment with good performance, artists and developers with specific expertise are indispensable to create optimized data. However modern applications, especially those incorporating data from geo information (GIS) or product data management (PDM) systems, need to be able to use unrefined data without offline conversion or loss of render performance. In this paper we present an extensible object oriented graph database, which further embraces the paradigm of object orientation by incorporating the simulation functionality into the database itself. Whole scene descriptions including all functionalities can be described by one single database. Optimization techniques will be introduced, which are automatically applied to the simulation data, in order to extract a render-friendly structure. Specific semantic objects can be interpreted by the render framework to enhance the simulation, in both function and visual representation.
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Schirgi, Thomas. "Care – A Framework for a Multimedia Assistance System for Singletons “Does It Help?”." In 2nd International Conference on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (SAIM 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111010.
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In contrast to the increasing degree of automation in the production industry, commissioning and maintenance activities will essentially be limited to manual activities. Production involves repetitive actions that are manageable and clearly defined as a process. Unlike this, commissioning and maintenance have to deal with uncontrollable, undefined, and non - standardized processes. The paper provides a framework for a multimedia assistance system for singletons. It was found that the paradigm has to consist of five key components to provide tailored assistance to customers. These key components are Expertise, Infrastructure, Application & Platforms, Security & Privacy and Business Process & Business Model. The resulting stack and the overlaying business model are called "CaRE – Custom Assistance for Remote Employees". With a user-centered approach, the needs of the target group were identified. Based on this, the framework was implemented in the form of a prototypical application. To check, whether the assumptions regarding a Multimedia Assistance System are correct, the prototypical developed application was tested with aremote-usability test.
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Hustad, Carl-W. "Deployment of Low and Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Generation in Emerging Niche Markets." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50106.
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The opportunities for near-term implementation of low and zero-emission fossil fuel power generation using Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is emerging in niche markets. This is primarily motivated by regulations following a growing awareness regarding the potential impact of climate-change, and partly the opportunities for use of carbon-dioxide (CO2) with enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However there remain significant technology, engineering, investment and political barriers that need to be overcome before CCS can be accepted as commercially mature for the power generation industry and the finance community. The risk with early projects is high, while collaboration and trust between government, industry and investors will also be needed to commercialize the technology. With an emerging sense of urgency regarding a global consensus for tackling climate-change, one also observes that technology pathways are integrated with political agendas and it becomes important to roadmap a commercial strategy for the respective technologies taking account of government requirements for compromise and burden sharing. To some extent this can also impact on comparative choices for the most cost-effective technologies that are supported through to future commercial deployment. The situation is complicated by the fact that technology choice—be it pre-combustion, post-combustion or oxy-combustion—remains an open question, where parties are probably influenced by their historical expertise, available hardware and near-term perception of future carbon challenge. The fact that energy, materials and engineering costs have been escalating rapidly while there is also a fundamental paradigm change occurring, somewhat undermines the use of historical data and past experience to predict business opportunities for the future. Within this context the paper considers on-going carbon market evolution in three regions, namely Texas, North Europe and Canada, seen from a technology and project developer perspective. The paper applies updated project engineering costs for capture from natural gas (NG) and coal using post- and oxy-combustion technology. Under all circumstances projects still exhibit poor economic return on invested capital and depend on government participation; they therefore remain unattractive to the investment community. But perhaps more important is the current perception of technology and market risk which also appears to undermine motivation to make significant commitments when evaluating projects within the old paradigm. However such a situation is not politically sustainable and a new paradigm must emerge. This will occur through regulation and significant changes in pricing in the energy and commodity market—including valuation of captured and avoided CO2. And this will also impact on the relative merits of various technology options. For the time being these discussion and results are only indicative of how a new paradigm and evolving technology may become “game-changing”, but the paper does attempt to provide some foresight into future opportunities.
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Jiang, Xiaomo, and Craig Foster. "Remote Thermal Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics: Turning Data Into Knowledge." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98246.
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Gas turbine simple or combined cycle plants are built and operated with higher availability, reliability, and performance in order to provide the customer with sufficient operating revenues and reduced fuel costs meanwhile enhancing customer dispatch competitiveness. A tremendous amount of operational data is usually collected from the everyday operation of a power plant. It has become an increasingly important but challenging issue about how to turn this data into knowledge and further solutions via developing advanced state-of-the-art analytics. This paper presents an integrated system and methodology to pursue this purpose by automating multi-level, multi-paradigm, multi-facet performance monitoring and anomaly detection for heavy duty gas turbines. The system provides an intelligent platform to drive site-specific performance improvements, mitigate outage risk, rationalize operational pattern, and enhance maintenance schedule and service offerings via taking appropriate proactive actions. In addition, the paper also presents the components in the system, including data sensing, hardware, and operational anomaly detection, expertise proactive act of company, site specific degradation assessment, and water wash effectiveness monitoring and analytics. As demonstrated in two examples, this remote performance monitoring aims to improve equipment efficiency by converting data into knowledge and solutions in order to drive value for customers including lowering operating fuel cost and increasing customer power sales and life cycle value.
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Lethole, Lieketseng, June Palmer, and Edwin de Klerk. "EXPLORING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHER LEADERSHIP IN LESOTHO HIGH SCHOOLS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end133.
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Whilst teacher leadership is an evolving concept with a potential that has yet to be realized, the fostering of teachers’ leadership growth remains a sustainability element in education worldwide. Teacher leadership for sustainability indicates a fresh and extended consideration of leadership emphasising sustainability principles and providing leadership that transforms the school environment while engaging in collaborative efforts to do so. Located in the interpretive paradigm, this qualitative study sought to elicit the views of Heads of department (HoDs) and District Education Managers (DEMs) in Lesotho high schools to explore the views they consider most relevant in developing teacher leadership skills to ensure leadership succession as sustainable practice. The findings reveal that to achieve sustainable teacher leadership, there is a need to withdraw from a top-down hierarchical model of leadership towards more flexible, transformative, and empowering approaches to leadership. Furthermore, in order to maintain sustainable teacher leadership, HoDs and DEMs must be innovative in providing reflective plans for professional development that can sustain teachers throughout their careers and foster learning environments that are healthy for teachers, learners, and the school. The study recommends that school leaders should mobilise the leadership expertise of teachers in their schools in order to create more chances for transformation and capacity building. Sustainable teacher leadership can help bring about great improvements in a school, including extending the scope of leadership beyond what the HoDs and DEMs cannot achieve alone, and building their relationship capacity to become collaborative change agents.
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Forbes, Hannah, Dirk Shaefer, Murtuza N. Shergadwala, and Jitesh H. Panchal. "Investigating the Challenges of Crowdsourcing for Engineering Design: An Interview Study With Organizations of Different Sizes." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22466.
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Abstract Crowdsourcing has been identified as a valuable paradigm in the open design movement. In engineering design, it offers various benefits, such as the generation of diverse ideas and the involvement of consumers. Despite the potential benefits, there are many ways in which crowdsourcing initiatives may fail. An example of such a failure is when a previously successful initiative for a large organization fails to attract a suitable number of participants with diverse expertise for a start-up. Consequently, the start-up does not receive good sets of ideas, both in quantity and variety. Such failures of crowdsourcing initiatives are common due to the lack of appropriate design of crowdsourcing initiatives based on the organizational characteristics such as its size. While frameworks and guidelines exist for the design of crowdsourcing initiatives, whether these are useful for all sizes of organizations, is yet to be determined. Large organizations such as Procter & Gamble and NASA, now conduct crowdsourcing initiatives regularly. Furthermore, start-ups are emerging that leverage crowdsourcing as an integral part of their business model. On the contrary, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have fallen behind in the adoption of crowdsourcing processes. In this paper, we aim to identify the challenges associated with crowdsourcing and how and whether these differ according to organizational size. We present the results of an interview study with industry professionals from five organizations of varying sizes, and yield key challenges associated with the application of crowdsourcing. This paper discusses suggested support mechanisms for crowdsourcing in SMEs and directions for further research for crowdsourcing in engineering design.
Reports on the topic "Expertise paradigm"
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Hollenbeck, John R., Douglas Sego, Daniel R. Ilgen, and Debra Major. Team Interactive Decision Exercise for Teams Incorporating Distributed Expertise (TIDE2): A Program and Paradigm for Team Research. (Version 1.0). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244696.
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Syvash, Kateryna. AUDIENCE FEEDBACK AS AN ELEMENT OF PARASOCIAL COMMUNICATION WITH SCREEN MEDIA-PERSONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11062.
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Parasocial communication is defined as an illusory and one-sided interaction between the viewer and the media person, which is analogous to interpersonal communication. Among the classic media, television has the greatest potential for such interaction through a combination of audio and visual series and a wide range of television content – from newscasts to talent shows. Viewers’ reaction to this product can be seen as a defining element of parasociality and directly affect the popularity of a media person and the ratings of the TV channel. In this article we will consider feedback as part of parasocial communication and describe ways to express it in times of media transformations. The psychological interaction «media person – viewer» had been the focus of research by both psychologists and media experts for over 60 years. During the study, scientists described the predictors, functions, manifestations and possible consequences of paracommunication. One of the key elements of the formed parasocial connections is the real audience reaction. Our goal is to conceptualize the concept of feedback in the paradigm of parasocial communication and describe the main types of reactions to the media person in long-term parasocial relationships. The research focuses on the ways in which the viewer’s feedback on the television media person is expressed, bypassing the issue of classifying the audience’s feedback as «positive» and «negative». For this purpose, more than 20 interdisciplinary scientific works on the issue of parasocial interaction were analyzed and their generalization was carried out. Based on previous research, the types and methods of feedback in the television context are separated. With successful parasocial interaction, the viewer can react in different ways to the media person. The type of feedback will directly depend on the strength of the already established communication with the media person. We distinguish seven types of feedback and divide them into those that occur during or after a television show; those that are spontaneous or planned; aimed directly at the media person or third parties. We offer the following types of feedback from TV viewers: «talking to the TV»; telling about the experience of parasocial communication to others; following on social networks; likes and comments; imitation of behavior and appearance; purchase of recommended brands; fanart.