Journal articles on the topic 'Expert Victoria'
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1
Dahlhaus, Peter, Angela Murphy, Andrew MacLeod, Helen Thompson, Kirsten McKenna, and Alison Ollerenshaw. "Making the invisible visible: the impact of federating groundwater data in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.169.
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The Visualising Victoria's Groundwater (VVG) web portal federates groundwater data for the State of Victoria, Australia, thus making legacy data, government datasets, research data and community-sourced data and observations visible to the public. The portal is innovative because it was developed outside of the government and offers real-time access to remote authoritative databases by integrating the interoperable web services they each provide. It includes tools for data querying and 3D visualisations that were designed to meet end-user needs and educate the broader community about a normally invisible resource. The social impact of the web portal was measured using multidisciplinary research that employed survey instruments, expert reference groups, and internet analytics to explore the extent to which the web portal has supported decision making by governments, industry, researchers and the community. The research found that single access, multiple data set web portals enhance capacity by providing timely, informed and accurate responses to answer queries and increase productivity by saving time. The provision of multiple datasets from disparate sources within a single portal has changed practices in the Victorian groundwater industry.
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Mercier, Eric, Peter A. Cameron, Karen Smith, and Ben Beck. "Prehospital trauma death review in the State of Victoria, Australia: a study protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e022070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022070.
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IntroductionRegionalised trauma systems have been shown to improve outcomes for trauma patients. However, the evaluation of these trauma systems has been oriented towards in-hospital care. Therefore, the epidemiology and care delivered to the injured patients who died in the prehospital setting remain poorly studied. This study aims to provide an overview of a methodological approach to reviewing trauma deaths in order to assess the preventability, identify areas for improvements in the system of care provided to these patients and evaluate the potential for novel interventions to improve outcomes for seriously injured trauma patients.Methods and analysisThe planned study is a retrospective review of prehospital and early in-hospital (<24 hours) deaths following traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest that were attended by Ambulance Victoria between 2008 and 2014. Eligible patients will be identified from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry and linked with the National Coronial Information System. For patients who were transported to hospital, data will be linked the Victoria State Trauma Registry. The project will be undertaken in four phases: (1) survivability assessment; (2) preventability assessment; (3) identification of potential areas for improvement; and (4) identification of potentially useful novel technologies. Survivability assessment will be based on predetermined anatomical injuries considered unsurvivable. For patients with potentially survivable injuries, multidisciplinary expert panel reviews will be conducted to assess the preventability as well as the identification of potential areas for improvement and the utility of novel technologies.Ethics and disseminationThe present study was approved by the Victorian Department of Justice and Regulation HREC (CF/16/272) and the Monash University HREC (CF16/532 – 2016000259). Results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and reports provided to Ambulance Victoria, the Victorian State Trauma Committee and the Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services.
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BECKETT, JOHN, and CHARLES WATKINS. "Natural History and Local History in Late Victorian and Edwardian England: The Contribution of the Victoria County History." Rural History 22, no. 1 (March 7, 2011): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793310000142.
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AbstractIn 1899 the Victoria County History (VCH) was established as a ‘National Survey’ of England which was intended to show the present day condition of the country and trace the ‘domestic history’ of all English counties to the ‘earliest times’. Natural history was seen as a key component to be included in the first volume for every county. In this paper we examine the reasons for the prominence given to natural history and demonstrate how the expert knowledge of natural historians was marshalled and edited. We use the contrasting counties of Herefordshire and Nottinghamshire to examine key intellectual debates about the role of the amateur and the expert and concern about nomenclature, classification and the state of knowledge about different groups of species. We emphasize the importance of the geography of the natural history and the way in which the VCH charted concerns about species loss and extinction. We examine the reasons why the VCH later abandoned natural history and finally we assess the value of its published output for modern historical geographers, historical ecologists and environmental historians.
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Sutherland, Elizabeth. "Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): An Interview with Preet Khangura, ND." Journal of Restorative Medicine 8, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14200/jrm.2019.0108.
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Liz Sutherland, ND, Editor-in-Chief of the Journalof Restorative Medicine, recently spoke with PreetKhangura, ND, who practices in Victoria, BC,Canada. Dr. Khangura is an expert in the diagnosisand treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO). He has developed treatment and preventionprotocols for this condition, and offers consultationsand educational seminars on the topic to healthcareproviders.
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de Brouwer, Anne-Marie, and Eefje de Volder. "International Criminal Court (ICC): Dominic Ongwen." Journal of Human Trafficking, Enslavement and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/266644721x16239186251251.
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On 4 February 2021, the ICC's Trial Chamber IX found Lord Resistance Army's Commander Dominic Ongwen guilty for a total of 61 crimes comprising crimes against humanity and war crimes, including many conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence crimes, committed in Northern Uganda between 1 July 2002 and 31 December 2005. On 6 May 2021, Dominic Ongwen was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment for these crimes.<br/> In this Q&A we discuss this case with three renowned experts, namely Victoria Nyanjura (Survivor, Founder Women in Action for Women Uganda), Joseph Manoba (lawyer and Legal Representative for victims in the Ongwen case) and Lorraine Smith van Lin (independent victim's rights expert). By answering 11 questions, they provide insight in the complexity of this case, including how it is perceived by LRA victims and survivors in Uganda.
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Sheridan, G. J., and C. J. Rosewell. "An improved Victorian erosivity map." Soil Research 41, no. 1 (2003): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02030.
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The impact of raindrops on the soil surface and surface water runoff are two of the agents of soil detachment and sediment transport. The magnitude of these erosion processes is a function of the erosive potential, or erosivity of a rainstorm. The erosivity of rainfall is commonly quantified using the R factor developed for the universal soil loss equation. R is the average of the annual sum of the individual storm erosivity values and can be estimated from published relationships between the storm energy and the rainfall intensity. Currently the most likely source of R-values in Victoria is a hand-drawn contour map produced more than 20 years ago by an expert panel and published in an out-of-print handbook. A new R-value contour map for Victoria is presented, developed from current empirical relationships between rainfall intensity–frequency–duration and R. The R contours vary in value across the state by about a factor of 4, from <800 MJ.mm/ha.h.year in the north-west, to >2700 MJ.mm/ha.h.year in the eastern ranges. The new map improves the resolution and accuracy of erosivity values for Victoria, especially in steeper, forested areas, and will assist in the prediction and modelling of erosion and water quality.
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Mesiti, L., and F. Vanclay. "Specifying the farming styles in viticulture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05103.
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Fourteen styles of viticulture are defined: Astute Business Grower; Experimentalist Grower; Industry-Endorsed Early Adopter; Professional Scientific Manager; Experienced Manager; Labour-Efficient Grower; Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture Grower; Traditional Grower; Ethnic Grower; Conventional Grower; Retiree Grower; Hobby Grower; Sea-Change Grower; and Marginal Grower. The methodology to identify these farming styles included 6 focus groups in Mildura, Victoria, a face-to-face interview with 142 grape-growers in the Sunraysia region of Victoria, and qualitative interviewing with industry personnel and extension staff. Problems of social desirability response bias, the lack of self-identification by growers with styles, and literacy and other methodological issues meant that qualitative, participatory (emic) methods for identifying styles were not reliable. Following considerable immersion in the field, the researchers identified, on the basis of expert judgment (etic classification), the 14 farming styles in viticulture which they regard as a typology of ideal types. Benefits of the identification of farming styles in viticulture in terms of extension are discussed.
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Enslen, Joshua. "Green, James N., Victoria Langland, and Lilia Moritz Schwarz, editors. The Brazil Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Duke UP, 2019." Journal of Lusophone Studies 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21471/jls.v4i2.348.
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The editors have produced a significantly revised compendium that introduces Brazil and its major themes and events through primary source documents in translation. The new edition boasts welcome advancements, especially in its heavily revamped selections for reading, its expanded expert commentary, and its updated organization.
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Bolton, Victoria. "About cats, mice and behaviour-changing parasites." Biochemist 40, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04004032.
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The Science Communication Competition is now in its eighth year. As in previous years, it aims to find young talented science writers and give them the opportunity to have their work published in The Biochemist. In 2015, a new branch of the competition was launched to include video entries. Overall this year's competition attracted 74 entries and these were reviewed by our external panel of expert judges. The first prize in the written category was awarded to Victoria Bolton from the University of Glasgow, whose article is presented here; the winner of the video category was Jirayu Tanprasertsuk from Tufts University. Jirayu's winning video can be viewed at bit.ly/scicommvid2018.
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THIEMANN, PETER, and HENRIK NILSSON. "Special Issue Dedicated to ICFP 2008 Editorial." Journal of Functional Programming 20, no. 5-6 (November 2010): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796810000250.
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The 13th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP) was held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, in September 2008. Peter Thiemann chaired the program committee. After the conference, the authors of a selection of the presented papers were invited to submit extended versions of their work for this special issue of Journal of Functional Programming dedicated to ICFP 2008. All submitted papers were reviewed by at least three referees, including at least one expert, following the standard JFP procedures. In the end, four papers were accepted. These cover a broad range of topics and, taken together, we think they represent well the scope of ICFP 2008.
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Duff, E. J. "Marketing academic technology." Industry and Higher Education 2, no. 2 (June 1988): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042228800200208.
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Universities are increasingly feeling the need to commercialize the results of their research. This article describes the experiences of one of the major UK institutions established for this purpose, Vuman Ltd. The company was established in 1981 by the Victoria University of Manchester for the purpose of exploiting technology arising from research from within the university. Vuman Ltd is a multi-activity company, with interests ranging from contract research, the implementation of expert systems, and the manufacture of scientific and medical equipment. It offers a software systems house and provides a patenting and licensing service to the university. The origins of Vuman are described, together with its modus operandi, and the consequences of success and failure are discussed.
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Shepherd, Jonathan. "The Faculty of Dental Surgery and research." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x535917.
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In 1975, while a house surgeon at the Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, I was privileged to work for David Poswillo, a distinguished consultant oral surgeon and Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons. Infected by his enthusiasm and prompted by his treatment of a keratocyst with liquid nitrogen, I rapidly found myself studying the effects of very low temperatures on the dental pulp and periodontium at the College research establishment at Downe House in Kent. My first research paper followed. This formative event illustrates what the Faculty continues to strive for: timely, enthusiastic and expert support for young researchers in dental surgery that results in practical discoveries of real potential benefit for patients and career development.
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Miller, Kelly K. "Public and stakeholder values of wildlife in Victoria, Australia." Wildlife Research 30, no. 5 (2003): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02007.
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This paper explores the management implications of a recent study that was designed to explore public and stakeholder values of wildlife in Victoria, Australia. Questionnaires (n = 1431) were used to examine values and knowledge of wildlife held by residents from seven Victorian municipalities and members of six wildlife management stakeholder groups. The results suggest that most Victorians have a relatively strong emotional attachment to individual animals (the humanistic value) and are interested in learning about wildlife and the natural environment (the curiosity/learning/interacting value). In comparison, the negativistic, aesthetic, utilitarian-habitat and dominionistic/wildlife-consumption values were not expressed as strongly. These findings suggest that wildlife managers should expect support for wildlife management objectives that reflect the relatively strong humanistic orientation of Victorians and tailor management and education programs to appeal to this value and Victorians' interest in learning about wildlife.
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Miseski, S., J. Tolson, W. Ruehland, C. Worsnop, P. Toman, and T. Churchward. "O035 Automated vs. expert manual analysis of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.034.
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Abstract Purpose To compare Compumedics Profusion PSG™ automated sleep analysis of Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (MSLTs) with expert consensus manual analysis. Methods Consecutive PSG with MSLTs were analysed using automated software (Compumedics Ltd (Abbottsford, Victoria, Australia) Profusion PSG™ V4.5 Build 531) (‘Auto’) and by two of nine experienced scientists. Discrepancies between scientists were discussed to establish expert consensus (‘Final’). Results Fifty consecutive patients referred for investigation of Narcolepsy were included. Two were excluded due to poor signal quality (1) and early test termination (1). The remaining 48 (37 M, 10 F, 1) had a median (range) age of 37 (17–63) years, BMI 28.0 (19.9–66.1) kg/m2, and mean sleep latency (MSL) 14.0 (1.5–20.0) minutes. Of five MSLTs with MSL <=8 min, Auto-MSL was also <=8 min. Of 43 MSLTs with MSL >=8 min, Auto-MSL was <=8 min in 12. MSL sensitivity was 100% and specificity 72%. For the one MSLT with >=2 SOREMs, Auto identified 1 SOREM. Nap-wise, Auto-SOREM sensitivity was 17% and specificity 98%; one of six REM-positive naps was detected by auto-analysis and there were seven false positive and five false negative SOREM results. Conclusions (1) Automated analysis poorly detected short MSL and SOREM occurrence but was able to rule out all true-negative MSLT results, in this MSLT dataset. (2) This comparison methodology and dataset facilitates robust prospective testing of other current and future algorithms.
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Hanlon, Clare, Tony Morris, and Grant Anthony O’Sullivan. "Participant perceptions of an individualised physical activity anti-smoking intervention." Health Education 118, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-05-2017-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a health program comprising the individual experiences, successes and setbacks of adults in an individually tailored, community-based smoking intervention and physical activity program. The program incorporated physical activity consultation (PAC) and phone support from the well-established Quit smoking cessation program, and in partnership with Melton City Council, Victoria, Australia. Design/methodology/approach Expert facilitators in PAC led the intervention. The program was titled “ActivePlus” and the intervention was conducted for eight weeks. Post-program facilitator guidance continued for three weeks and follow-up on participants was conducted at week 24. Five participants continued to week 24 and were interviewed. Three case descriptions were chosen as a sample to analyse using descriptive content analysis to illustrate the range of experiences, successes and setbacks reported by these individual participants. Findings Smoking reduction/cessation results varied among cases, but increases in PA were sustained. Participants valued the expert support of PAC facilitators, though usage and appraisal of Quit telephone smoking cessation services was mixed. The individually tailored PAC was valued by participants, who felt it also contributed to their smoking reduction/cessation goals. Practical implications In future, the intervention would benefit from the same ongoing support in smoking cessation as the PAC. Practitioners should consider the benefit of including PAC in smoking cessation interventions. However, such interventions should be individually tailored and include facilitation by a PAC and a smoking cessation expert. Originality/value Few studies have looked at completely individualised smoking cessation interventions using PAC. The current study also addresses the recommendations of previous research to investigate the use of more intense PA intervention supported by expert PAC facilitation.
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Sakai, Kikuo, Kozo Watanabe, and Ronald W. Millard. "Defining the mechanical border zone: a study in the pig heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): H1232—s—H1232—s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.6.h1232-s.
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Page H88: Kikuo Sakai, Kozo Watanabe, and Ronald W. Millard. “Defining the mechanical border zone: a study in the pig heart.” Page H94: the acknowledgments were omitted and are as follows. We are grateful to Dr. Arnold Schwartz, Dept. of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Dr. Mootomi Nakamura, Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, for their support and encouragement. The expert technical assistance of Victoria Rapien and John Erickson was invaluable. This study was supported in part by Grant P01-HL-22619 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Preliminary findings of this study were first reported at the Annual Scientific Session of the American Heart Association held at Anaheim, CA, November 1983. An abstract of this work has appeared ( Circulation 68, Suppl. III: 194, 1983).
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Ward, Tony, and Adam Jackson. "Committal of an Expert Witness for Contempt of Court: Liverpool Victoria Insurance Co. Ltd v Zafar [2019] EWCA Civ 392." Journal of Criminal Law 83, no. 3 (May 15, 2019): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018319849778.
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de Moel-Mandel, Caroline, Melissa Graham, and Ann Taket. "Expert consensus on a nurse-led model of medication abortion provision in regional and rural Victoria, Australia: a Delphi study." Contraception 100, no. 5 (November 2019): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2019.07.004.
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Russell, Bethany, Jennifer Philip, Olivia Wawryk, Sara Vogrin, Jodie Burchell, Anna Collins, Brian Le, Caroline Brand, Peter Hudson, and Vijaya Sundararajan. "Validation of the responding to urgency of need in palliative care (RUN-PC) triage tool." Palliative Medicine 35, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216320986730.
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Background: The Responding to Urgency of Need in Palliative Care (RUN-PC) Triage Tool is a novel, evidence-based tool by which specialist palliative care services can manage waiting lists and workflow by prioritising access to care for those patients with the most pressing needs in an equitable, efficient and transparent manner. Aim: This study aimed to establish the intra- and inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity of the RUN-PC Triage Tool and generate recommended response times. Design: An online survey of palliative care intake officers applying the RUN-PC Triage Tool to a series of 49 real clinical vignettes was assessed against a reference standard: a postal survey of expert palliative care clinicians ranking the same vignettes in order of urgency. Setting/Participants: Intake officers ( n = 28) with a minimum of 2 years palliative care experience and expert clinicians ( n = 32) with a minimum of 10 years palliative care experience were recruited from inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care services across metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia. Results: The RUN-PC Triage Tool has good intra- and inter-rater reliability in inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care settings (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ranged from 0.61 to 0.74), and moderate to good correlation to expert opinion used as a reference standard (Kendall’s Tau rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.83). Conclusion: The RUN-PC Triage Tool appears to be a reliable and valid tool for the prioritisation of patients referred to specialist inpatient, hospital consultation and community palliative care services.
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McMullen, Gabrielle L. "Noted colonial German scientists and their contexts." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 127, no. 1 (2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs15001.
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German scientists made substantial and notable contributions to colonial Victoria. They were involved in the establishment and/or development of some of the major public institutions, e.g. the Royal Society of Victoria, National Herbarium, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Museum Victoria, the Flagstaff Observatory for Geophysics, Magnetism and Nautical Science, the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria and the Victorian College of Pharmacy. Further, they played a leading role not only in scientific and technological developments but also in exploration – Home has identified ‘science as a German export to nineteenth century Australia’ (Home 1995: 1). Significantly, an account of the 1860 annual dinner of the Royal Society of Victoria related the following comment from Dr John Macadam MP, Victorian Government Analytical Chemist: ‘Where would science be in Victoria without the Germans?’ (Melbourner Deutsche Zeitung 1860: 192). This paper considers key German scientists working in mid-nineteenth century Victoria and the nature and significance of their contributions to the colony.
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Tropea, Joanne, Bhasker Amatya, Caroline A. Brand, and The Expert Advisory Group. "Use of consensus methods to select clinical indicators to assess activities to minimise functional decline among older hospitalised patients." Australian Health Review 35, no. 4 (2011): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09790.
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Objectives. The study aimed to develop a set of clinical indicators to minimise the risk and adverse outcomes of functional decline in older hospitalised people. Methods. Existing Australian and international clinical indicators relevant to cognition and emotional health, mobility, vigour and self care, continence, nutrition, skin integrity, person-centred care, assessment and medication management were identified by literature and electronic website review. A multidisciplinary expert advisory group used modified Delphi methods, including two anonymous voting rounds and a group discussion, to gain consensus for a prioritised set of clinical indicators. For each indicator, experts voted on a scale of 1 (low level of prioritisation) to 9 (high level of prioritisation) based on measurement attributes and utility for use at the level of clinical teams, hospital managers and jurisdictional policy makers. Results. There were 55 existing clinical indicator sets identified, from which 63 relevant indicators were extracted. The final prioritised set covered all domains and included 19 indicators of which 17 were process indicators and 2 were outcome indicators. Scores for scientific measurement attributes and practicality for implementation were only moderate. Conclusion. These clinical indicators offer a consistent basis for monitoring hospital performance and improving care of older people in Victoria and other jurisdictions. What is known about the topic? Older hospitalised patients are at risk of functional decline and associated adverse outcomes such as falls and pressure ulcers. Clinical indicators to measure healthcare structures, processes and outcomes can be used to monitor quality of care among this vulnerable patient group. What does this paper add? This paper describes the process used to identify and select indicators for the Victorian government’s Council of Australian Governments Long Stay Older Persons initiative. It presents the use of a modified Delphi technique to gain group consensus for the indicator selection process; a technique being increasingly used in healthcare. What are the implications for practitioners? The indicators provide a set of measures that can be used by organisations, clinical teams and government level to assess the effect of quality improvement activities and initiatives aimed at minimising functional decline.
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Sanders, Rachael, Jennifer Lehmann, and Fiona Gardner. "Parents’ experiences and use of parenting resources during the transition to parenthood." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.33.
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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to report on new parents’ experiences of using the available range of parenting resources that help to guide parenting choices and practices. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, 30 participants were asked about their engagement with parenting resources. The types of resources considered most salient to the participants of this study in Victoria, Australia, included professional services, peers, family and friends, and written material. On the whole, these parents valued expert opinion when they encountered problems but experienced a level of frustration when they did not ‘feel heard’ by professionals or when faced with mixed messages. While they reported some resistance to overt advice offered by family and friends, especially if the information was considered ‘out-dated’, they relied heavily on informal advice and support from peers, even if this was supported only by anecdotal evidence.
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Sheehan, Rosemary. "Mental health issues in child protection cases: A study of protective cases in the Family Division of the Children’s Court, Victoria." Children Australia 22, no. 4 (1997): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000835x.
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This article discusses the problems which confronted the Family Division of the Children’s Court, Victoria, in the management of cases in which there were mental health issues. Mental health issues were one of the major reasons for protective concerns in one in four cases presented to the Court during this study. They were cases which were often difficult to decide both because magistrates did not have knowledge about mental health problems and because there was a lack of expert information to assist them. Contributions by specialist mental health practitioners to the assessment of child protection applications were negligible and this meant the mental health problems were not identified for the Court. A more cooperative system which allows mental health professionals to work closely with the child protection service would be of greater assistance to the Court.
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Ntinyari, Winnie, Joseph Gweyi-Onyango, Mekonnen Giweta, Benson Mochoge, James Mutegi, Generose Nziguheba, and Cargele Masso. "Nitrogen use efficiency trends for sustainable crop productivity in Lake Victoria basin: smallholder farmers’ perspectives on nitrogen cycling." Environmental Research Communications 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 015004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac40f2.
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Abstract Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) is one of the established metrics for benchmarking management of Nitrogen (N) in various systems. Numerous approaches to calculate NUE exist, making it difficult to compare the performances of systems depending on the methodology used. This study adopted the conceptualized framework by European Union Nitrogen Expert Panel (EUNEP) to calculate NUE values for cereal crops to determine future trends for the first time in the Lake Victoria region. Data were collected through in-person interviews among maize and rice smallholder farmers within the Lake Victoria region. A total of 293 observations were recorded. Collected data on yield and N fertilizer were used to make projections on the changes of NUE based on scientific and policy recommendations for Sub-Saharan Africa for 2020 (base year), 2025, 2030, and 2050. Significant differences in maize grain yield for both fertilized and unfertilized farms were observed with very low yields of 2.4 t ha−1 (fertilized) and 1.4 t ha−1 (unfertilized). The graphical representation of NUE of both maize and rice showed that most farmers were in the zone of soil N mining. Projected results showed that most maize farmers within Lake Victoria region will continue to experience NUE values >90%, low N inputs <50 kg N ha−1) and less than 5 t ha−1 maize crop yield over the years. For rice farmers, Nyando and Nzoia catchments had surpassed the set target of both yield (6 t ha−1) and N input (50 kg N ha−1). However, NUE values remain higher than the optimal ranges of 50%–90% (127.14%−267.57%), indicating risks of depleting soil N status. The unbalanced N fertilization also showed a trend below the linear neutrality option and the average N output for good N management for both crops. Therefore, farmers need to explore various crop management options that could increase N use efficiencies. This should be coupled with policies that promote farmers to access more N input and advocate for optimal management of N and improved quality of the cereals.
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Albers, Wendy M. M., Yolanda A. M. Nijssen, Diana P. K. Roeg, Inge M. B. Bongers, and Jaap van Weeghel. "Development of an Intervention Aimed at Increasing Awareness and Acknowledgement of Victimisation and Its Consequences Among People with Severe Mental Illness." Community Mental Health Journal 57, no. 7 (January 29, 2021): 1375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-021-00776-y.
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AbstractIndividuals with severe mental illness have a significant risk of (anticipated) discrimination and (criminal) victimisation, which is not structurally and systematically addressed by mental health practitioners. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot an intervention which supports professionals to address victimisation and its consequences, in order to reinforce safe social participation and improve recovery. Following the rehabilitation and positive risk management literature, in addition to current practice, intervention components were developed in two focus groups and four subsequent expert meetings. The intervention was piloted in two outpatient teams before being finalised. The Victoria intervention includes positive risk management, focusing on clients’ narratives and strengths, and awareness of unsafe (home) environments: it comprises four steps: exploring issues with social participation, analysing victimisation experiences, clarifying the context of these experiences, and determining future steps, including victimisation-sensitive rehabilitation planning and optional trauma treatment. Future research should further test this intervention.
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Rutman, Deborah, and Belinda Parke. "Palliative Care Needs of Residents, Families, and Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities." Journal of Palliative Care 8, no. 2 (June 1992): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585979200800205.
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While there is growing recognition that the physical needs of LTC residents have increased markedly in the 20 years, the palliative care needs of facility residents and their families are poorly understood. There also is a dearth of information on the educational and support needs of LTC facility staff vis-a-vis palliative care. Operating from the Juan de Fuca Hospital Society (a network of extended care facilities in Victoria), our Palliative Support Team (PST) was conceived in order to act as an educational resource to JdF staff as well as to provide expert consultation on palliative care issues. As part of the evaluation of this pilot program, a sample of 74 Juan de Fuca workers were interviewed to determine their perceptions of resident, family, and staff needs in relation to palliative care. In this paper, discussion is focused on the palliative care needs identified by professional caregivers. The ways in which a palliative care consultation team can address some of these needs are also discussed.
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Rawlings, L. "54. CAPITALISING ON THE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY OF THE HPV VACCINE, FOR A CERVICAL SCREENING PROGRAM." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab54.
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The medical advancement of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine and it's swift addition to the National Immunisation Program, caused a sudden surge in the public's awareness and interest in HPV. The challenge for PapScreen Victoria, a state based cervical screening program, was to react quickly and strategically to ensure that this new knowledge did not prevent women from having Pap tests. PapScreen pre-empted that the vaccine would have a huge impact on the current program, and undertook an educational journey to identify issues. The program sought expert opinions, formulated new partnerships in the immunisation sector and examined the current research. The program identified that its role was to inform women about HPV and the importance to continue screening in this new era of HPV vaccination. In the prevention of cervical cancer, there was also a role to inform health professionals, parents and young women about the benefits of the vaccine. The challenge was capatilising on the unique opportunity that the vaccine created. Developing and implementing strategies quickly was paramount in the program's success on capitalising this interest. Across three main areas - community, communications and research - the program implemented a range of strategies, including new resources, media opportunities, formative research and education, among others. PapScreen's aim was to remain the prime source of information for the prevention of cervical cancer in Victoria. The success of these strategies has been profound and immunisation messages are now included in all program messages across a range of sectors. The program was able to capitalise on this unique occasion by being flexible, proactive and strategically adaptable to the public health environment.
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Proud, Roland, Richard Mangeni-Sande, Robert J. Kayanda, Martin J. Cox, Chrisphine Nyamweya, Collins Ongore, Vianny Natugonza, et al. "Automated classification of schools of the silver cyprinid Rastrineobola argentea in Lake Victoria acoustic survey data using random forests." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 4 (May 9, 2020): 1379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa052.
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Abstract Biomass of the schooling fish Rastrineobola argentea (dagaa) is presently estimated in Lake Victoria by acoustic survey following the simple “rule” that dagaa is the source of most echo energy returned from the top third of the water column. Dagaa have, however, been caught in the bottom two-thirds, and other species occur towards the surface: a more robust discrimination technique is required. We explored the utility of a school-based random forest (RF) classifier applied to 120 kHz data from a lake-wide survey. Dagaa schools were first identified manually using expert opinion informed by fishing. These schools contained a lake-wide biomass of 0.68 million tonnes (MT). Only 43.4% of identified dagaa schools occurred in the top third of the water column, and 37.3% of all schools in the bottom two-thirds were classified as dagaa. School metrics (e.g. length, echo energy) for 49 081 manually classified dagaa and non-dagaa schools were used to build an RF school classifier. The best RF model had a classification test accuracy of 85.4%, driven largely by school length, and yielded a biomass of 0.71 MT, only c. 4% different from the manual estimate. The RF classifier offers an efficient method to generate a consistent dagaa biomass time series.
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Dow, Briony, Marcia Fearn, Betty Haralambous, Jean Tinney, Keith Hill, and Stephen Gibson. "Development and initial testing of the Person-Centred Health Care for Older Adults Survey." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 7 (April 29, 2013): 1065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213000471.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Health services are encouraged to adopt a strong person-centered approach to the provision of care and services for older people. The aim of this project was to establish a user-friendly, psychometrically valid, and reliable measure of healthcare staff's practice, attitudes, and beliefs regarding person-centered healthcare.Methods: Item reduction (factor analysis) of a previously developed “benchmarking person-centred care” survey, followed by psychometric evaluations of the internal consistency reliability and construct validity, was conducted. The initial survey was completed by 1,428 healthcare staff from 17 health services across Victoria, Australia.Results: After removing 17 items from the previously developed “benchmarking person-centred care” survey, the revised 31-item survey (Person-Centred Health Care for Older Adults Survey) attained eight factors that explain 62.7% of the total variance with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.91, indicating excellent internal consistency. Expert consultation confirmed that the revised survey had content validity.Conclusions: The results indicated that the Person-Centred Health Care for Older Adults Survey is a user-friendly, psychometrically valid, and reliable measure of staff perceptions of person-centered healthcare for use in hospital settings.
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Levesque, Jean-Frederic, John J. M. O'Dowd, Éidín M. Ní Shé, Jan-Willem Weenink, and Jane Gunn. "Scoping of models to support population-based regional health planning and management: comparison with the regional operating model in Victoria, Australia." Australian Health Review 41, no. 2 (2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15198.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to try to understand the breadth and comprehensiveness of a regional operating model (ROM) developed within the Victorian Department of Health’s North West Metropolitan Region office in Melbourne, Australia. Methods A published literature search was conducted, with additional website scanning, snowballing technique and expert consultation, to identify existing operating models. An analytical grid was developed covering 16 components to evaluate the models and assess the exhaustiveness of the ROM. Results From the 34 documents scoped, 10 models were identified to act as a direct comparator to the ROM. These concerned models from Australia (n = 5) and other comparable countries (Canada, UK). The ROM was among the most exhaustive models, covering 13 of 16 components. It was one of the few models that included intersectoral actions and levers of influence. However, some models identified more precisely the planning tools, prioritisation criteria and steps, and the allocation mechanisms. Conclusions The review finds that the ROM appears to provide a wide coverage of aspects of planning and integrates into a single model some of the distinctive elements of the other models scoped. What is known about the topic? Various jurisdictions are moving towards a population-based approach to manage public services with regard to the provision of individual medical and social care. Various models have been proposed to guide the planning of services from a population health perspective. What does this paper add? This paper assesses the coverage of attributes of operating models supporting a population health planning approach to the management of services at the regional or local level. It provides a scoping of current models proposed to organise activities to ensure an integrated approach to the provision of services and compares the scoped models to a model recently implemented in Victoria, Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper highlights the relative paucity of operating models describing in concrete terms how to manage medical and social services from a population perspective and encourages organisations that are accountable for securing population health to clearly articulate their own operating model. It outlines strengths and potential gaps in current models.
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Morris, Liz, and David Ball. "Habitat suitability modelling of economically important fish species with commercial fisheries data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 9 (January 1, 2006): 1590–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.06.008.
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Abstract In this study we used catch and effort data from a commercial fishery to generate habitat suitability models for Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Species modelled were King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctata), greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina), Australian salmon (Arripis trutta and A. truttaceus), and snapper (Pagrus auratus). Locations of commercial catches were reported through a grid system of fishing blocks. Spatial analyses in a Geographic Information System (GIS) were applied to describe each fishing block by its habitat area. A multivariate approach was adopted to group each fishing block by its dominant habitats. Standardized catch per unit effort values were overlaid on these groups to identify those that returned high or low catches for each species. A simple set of rules was then devised to predict the habitat suitability for each habitat combination in a fishing block. The spatial distribution of these habitats was presented in a GIS. These habitat suitability models were consistent with existing anecdotal information and expert opinion. While the models require testing, we have shown that in the absence of adequate fishery-independent data, commercial catch and effort data can be used to produce habitat suitability models at a bay-wide scale.
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Cornes, Isabel Clare, and Brian Cook. "Localising climate change: heatwave responses in urban households." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-11-2017-0276.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical insights into urban household perceptions and (in)action towards the perceived impacts of climate change, based on a case study in Kensington, Victoria, Australia. This case utilises households as sites of active agency, rather than as passive recipients of climate change or associated governance. Design/methodology/approach This research trialled an approach to engaging a community in the context of disaster risk reduction (DRR). It involved a two-stage quantitative door-knocking survey (reported elsewhere), followed by a qualitative interview with interested households. In total, 76 quantitative surveys contextualise 15 qualitative interviews, which are the focus of this analysis. The findings are presented comparatively alongside the current literature. Findings Heatwaves are understood to be the most concerning hazard for the households in this sample who associate their increasing frequency and severity with climate change. However, subsequent (in)action is shown to be situated within the complexities of day-to-day activities and concerns. While respondents did not consider themselves to have “expert” knowledge on climate change, or consider their actions to be a direct response to climate change, most had undertaken actions resulting from experience with heatwaves. These findings suggest there may be an under-representation of DRR, which includes climate change adaptation actions, within the existing research. Research limitations/implications While this sample justifies the arguments and conclusions, it is not a representative sample and therefore requires follow-up. It does however challenge traditional approaches to risk management, which focus on awareness raising and education. The research highlights the unique contexts in which households perceive and act on risk, and the need for risk “experts” to consider such contexts. Originality/value This research provides empirical evidence of urban household responses to perceived climate change-related risk, an often-neglected dimension of heatwave and adaptation studies in Australia. The findings also suggest promise for the methodological approach.
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Forbes, David, Mark Creamer, and Darryl Wade. "Psychological support and recovery in the aftermath of natural disaster." International Psychiatry 9, no. 1 (February 2012): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600002939.
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Natural disasters can result in a range of mental health outcomes among the affected population. Appropriate mental health interventions are required to promote recovery. In the aftermath of the 2009 bushfires in Victoria, Australia, a collaboration of trauma experts, the Australian and Victorian state governments and health professional associations developed an evidence-informed three-level framework outlining recommended levels of care. The framework was underpinned by an education and training agenda for mental health professionals. This framework has been successfully applied after further natural disasters in Australia. This paper outlines the steps included in each of the levels.
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MacLean, Sarah. "Out-of-Home Care As an Institutional Risk Environment for Volatile Substance Use." Children Australia 37, no. 1 (March 2012): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2012.4.
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The exploratory study of meanings of volatile substance use (VSU) on which this article draws (involving 28 young people living in Melbourne, Victoria, Australa, aged from 13 to 24 years, each with experience of VSU, and 14 expert workers) was not designed to investigate any relationship between VSU and living in out-of-home care while subject to protective orders. However, when asked about their lives at the time they commenced or intensified VSU, 8 participants were adamant that living in out-of-home care was a significant factor. Two narratives reiterated by these young people are identified in the article: first that VSU is part of life in out-of-home care, and second that VSU ceases to be appropriate after leaving care. Young people who are living in out-of-home care report substantially higher levels of VSU than occur across the general population. This article shows how narrative accounts (even when expressed by small numbers of participants) provide insight into how VSU and other drug use may become embedded in particular institutional settings through assuming meanings and utility for users that are specific to these environments. While previous literature on the aetiology of VSU generally emphasises individual or familial risk factors, this article argues that out-of-home care may function, at least in some instances, as an institutional ‘risk environment’ for VSU and that this should be further explored through future research. Adjusting models of care may offer new strategies for responding to this form of drug use.
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Armstrong, D. P., K. A. Tarrant, C. K. M. Ho, L. R. Malcolm, and W. J. Wales. "Evaluating development options for a rain-fed dairy farm in Gippsland." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10009.
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A case study and modelling approach was used to examine options for a dairy farm in the high rainfall area of Gippsland (southern Victoria) that would enable it to maintain or increase profit in the future (next 5–10 years) in the face of a continuing ‘cost-price squeeze’. The economic performance of the business under a range of development options, identified by an ‘expert panel’, was analysed for a planning period of 10 years. The options analysed were: (i) increased herd size without purchasing more land, (ii) increased milking area and (iii) purchasing non-milking area for production of conserved fodder. Expanding the milking area by purchasing more land without significantly increasing herd size (reducing stocking rate from 2.5 to 2.1 cows/ha) increased annual operating profit without increasing variability in profit between years compared with the base farm. The increased profit resulted from a reduction in the amount of purchased feed. The purchase of an additional outblock for fodder production reduced risk compared with the base farm system, but did not improve the profitability of the farm system. Other options significantly reduced profit while increasing risk. The most appropriate changes to dairy farm businesses in response to changes in the operating environment will vary from farm to farm. The analysis suggested that there may be an alternate path to the historical trends of larger and more intensive operations. It has also highlighted the importance of home-grown feed and efficient supplement use to increase or maintain profitability in the medium term.
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Syme, Robin. "ASSESSING INNOVATIVE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR OLDER ADULTS; A KNOWLEDGE AND TECH DEVELOPER'S PERSPECTIVES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.568.
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Abstract Objective Can Assist is a University of Victoria organization that has been developing assistive technologies (ATs) for almost two decades aimed at developing client-centred broad-impact solutions that address unmet need and help people improve their independence and quality of life. CanAssist’s interest and involvement in this study is predicated on our belief that their approach to technology development align with the criteria needed for determining better tools for evaluating assistive technologies need to be developed and implemented. This is critical to our goal of providing successful customized technology solutions to sustain our clients’ independence and autonomy. Methods From the beginning of the project, as a Research User Co-Lead, CanAssist has actively participated in regular advisory committee and expert panel meetings along with several other research activities to co-create all dimensions of the study. Results The results from the Rapid Realist Review and preliminary analyses of the interview data with older adults and caregivers have validated the need for more appropriate assessment/evaluation tools to address the varied AT needs of older adults and their caregivers. In particular, the study has provided opportunities for our staff and clients to examine and discuss important factors/processes for successful AT development and implementation. Conclusions As a key partner on this implementation science team, CanAssist will use the study’s findings to provide information to our development and management teams on how to appropriately scale-up, spread, and sustain the use of ATs in the health and social care system.
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Graham, Laura, Victoria Holt, and Mary Laing. "Understanding the Law’s Relationship with Sex Work: Introduction to ‘Sex Work and The Law: Does the Law Matter?’." International Journal of Gender, Sexuality and Law 2, no. 1 (July 6, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijgsl.v2i1.1253.
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This special issue of The International Journal of Gender, Sexuality and Law, edited by Laura Graham, Victoria Holt and Mary Laing, brings together a range of voices and knowledges on the issue of Sex Work and the Law: Does the Law Matter? Mirroring global and national sex worker campaigns, official consultations, policy and wider debates over the last two decades, there has been much academic interest in the legal responses to sex work (Scoular and O’Neill, 2007; Graham, 2017; Munro and Della Giusta, 2008). Much of this work has evaluated the varied current legal responses to sex work, how they impact sex workers’ lives, and how the law might be reformed. There is also significant academic and governmental interest in comparative research looking at legal responses across jurisdictions (Armstrong and Abel, 2020; Levy, 2014). This special issue takes a broad, critical approach to the relationship between sex work and the law, inspired by Jane Scoular’s (2010) question: does the law matter in sex work? In doing so, this special issue offers an interdisciplinary exploration of the complex relationship between law and sex work. This issue addresses global trends towards criminalisation of sex work, often predicated upon stopping trafficking, and considers the impact of these trends on sex workers, their rights, their working practices, and their marginalisation. It further examines the law’s response to new and emerging issues, such as COVID-19 and digital sex work, reflecting particularly on the varied impacts of over- and under- regulating sex work spaces. This special issue finally reflects on sex workers’ resistance – to current laws, to the expansion of laws, and to their lack of inclusion in debates around law. Throughout this issue, the voices of sex workers are integrated and prioritised, reflecting a commitment to inclusion of expert knowledges around the world.
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Philip, Jennifer, Gregory Crawford, Caroline Brand, Michelle Gold, Belinda Miller, Peter Hudson, Natasha Smallwood, Rosalind Lau, and Vijaya Sundararajan. "A conceptual model: Redesigning how we provide palliative care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Palliative and Supportive Care 16, no. 4 (May 31, 2017): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147895151700044x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Despite significant needs, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) make limited use of palliative care, in part because the current models of palliative care do not address their key concerns.Objective:Our aim was to develop a tailored model of palliative care for patients with COPD and their family caregivers.Method:Based on information gathered within a program of studies (qualitative research exploring experiences, a cohort study examining service use), an expert advisory committee evaluated and integrated data, developed responses, formulated principles to inform care, and made recommendations for practice. The informing studies were conducted in two Australian states: Victoria and South Australia.Results:A series of principles underpinning the model were developed, including that it must be: (1) focused on patient and caregiver; (2) equitable, enabling access to components of palliative care for a group with significant needs; (3) accessible; and (4) less resource-intensive than expansion of usual palliative care service delivery. The recommended conceptual model was to have the following features: (a) entry to palliative care occurs routinely triggered by clinical transitions in care; (b) care is embedded in routine ambulatory respiratory care, ensuring that it is regarded as “usual” care by patients and clinicians alike; (c) the tasks include screening for physical and psychological symptoms, social and community support, provision of information, and discussions around goals and preferences for care; and (d) transition to usual palliative care services is facilitated as the patient nears death.Significance of results:Our proposed innovative and conceptual model for provision of palliative care requires future formal testing using rigorous mixed-methods approaches to determine if theoretical propositions translate into effectiveness, feasibility, and benefits (including economic benefits). There is reason to consider adaptation of the model for the palliative care of patients with other nonmalignant conditions.
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Ohala, John J., and Gösta Bruce. "In Memoriam: Ralph L. Vanderslice and Gunnar Fant." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39, no. 3 (November 12, 2009): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030999020x.
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RALPH L. VANDERSLICE, who contributed to many areas of phonetics, died on 24 August 2008, aged 78, in Portland, Oregon. He was born on 2 January 1930 in South Bend, Indiana. He received his B.A. and his M.Sc. in speech and theatre from Michigan State College (now Michigan State University) in 1951 and 1954, respectively. He subsequently taught at the Universities of Vermont and Hawai'i. He moved to UCLA where, in 1968, he obtained his Ph.D. His dissertation, Synthetic Elocution (http://repositories.cdlib.org/uclaling/wpp/No8/), was an exploration of the character and some of the specifics of the rules that would be necessary to implement the prosodic aspects of synthesized speech produced by a reading machine. Peter Ladefoged was the chair of his dissertation committee and Victoria Fromkin one of the other members. While still a student at UCLA Ralph Vanderslice was an expert witness testifying against the validity of ‘voiceprints’ (the use of spectrographic displays of speech to identify suspects in criminal trials). He was very much a ‘hands-on’ person, skilled in many of the mechanical and electronic arts, one manifestation of this being his invention of the ‘crico-thyrometer’, a device that could track vertical larynx movement in connected speech. He subsequently taught at City University of New York and Yale University. He published many papers on speech prosody, notably ‘Binary suprasegmental features and transformational word-accentuation rules’ (1972, Language, with Peter Ladefoged). His colleagues, including this author, his office-mate in the UCLA Phonetics Lab, remember him for his erudition, wit, and generosity in helping others with everything from providing references to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century works on phonetics (which he was steeped in) to repairing a shorted circuit in an amplifier. His salutary influence continues.
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Picker, John M. "CURRENT THINKING: ON TRANSATLANTIC VICTORIANISM." Victorian Literature and Culture 39, no. 2 (May 18, 2011): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150311000179.
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A few years ago, out of scholarly as well as pedagogical interest, I happened to be looking through two recent anthologies on the nebulous-sounding subject of “transatlantic literature.” I was teaching a new course on transatlanticism and was particularly curious to discover how these texts represented the period that is the focus of this journal and the one to which at least a few of its readers are attached. In both cases, I was struck by the degree to which “the Victorian” – the era, people, frame of mind, even the word itself – was either subsumed within Romanticism or absent. In Transatlantic Romanticism: An Anthology of British, American, and Canadian Literature, 1767–1867, edited by Lance Newman, Joel Pace, and Chris Koenig-Woodyard, the subtitle alone incorporated half of the Victorian era, even while the contents omitted virtually all of the Victorians we would expect to represent that half. That anthology as well as the other, Susan Manning and Andrew Taylor's Transatlantic Literary Studies: A Reader, included glossaries of salient terms for transatlantic inquiry, and while “Enlightenment,” “Peterloo,” “Romantics,” and “sublime” appeared there, “Victorian,” not to mention “Great Exhibition,” “natural selection,” and “utilitarianism,” did not.
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Weeramanthri, Tarun S., Andrew G. Robertson, Gary K. Dowse, Paul V. Effler, Muriel G. Leclercq, Jeremy D. Burtenshaw, Susan J. Oldham, David W. Smith, Kathryn J. Gatti, and Helen M. Gladstones. "Response to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza in Australia - lessons from a State health department perspective." Australian Health Review 34, no. 4 (2010): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10901.
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This article reviews the lessons that can be learned by the health sector, in particular, and the public sector, more generally, from the governmental response to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A (pH1N1) in Australia during 2009. It covers the period from the emergence of the epidemic to the release of the vaccine, and describes a range of impacts on the Western Australian health system, the government sector and the community. There are three main themes considered from a State government agency perspective: how decisions were influenced by prior planning; how the decision making and communication processes were intimately linked; and the interdependent roles of States and the Commonwealth Government in national programs. We conclude that: (a) communications were generally effective, but need to be improved and better coordinated between the Australian Government, States and general practice; (b) decision making was appropriately flexible, but there needs to be better alignment with expert advice, and consideration of the need for a national disease control agency in Australia; and (c) national funding arrangements need to fit with the model of state-based service delivery and to support critical workforce needs for surge capacity, as well as stockpile and infrastructure requirements. What is known about the topic? There have been a number of articles on pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza in Australia that have provided an overview of the response from a Commonwealth Government perspective, as well as specific aspects of the State response (e.g. virology, impact on intensive care units across Australia, infection control). Victoria, Queensland and NSW have published papers more focussed on epidemiology and an overview of public health actions. What does this paper add? This would be the first in-depth account of the response that both details a broader range of impacts and costs across health and other State government agencies, and also provides a critical reflection on governance, communication and decision making arrangements from the beginning of the pandemic to the start of the vaccination program. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners (clinical, public health, and laboratory) would recognise the importance of the workforce and surge capacity issues highlighted in the paper, and the extent to which they were stretched. Addressing these issues is vital to meeting practitioner needs in future pandemic seasons. Policy makers would see the relevance of the observations and analysis to governance arrangements within a Federal system, where the majority of funding is provided from the Commonwealth level, whereas service delivery responsibilities remain with the States and Territories. In particular, the argument to consider a national disease control agency along the lines of the US and UK will be of interest to public health and communicable disease practitioners in all States and Territories, as it would affect how and where policy and expert advice is created and used.
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Adams, Annmarie. "Modernism and Medicine: The Hospitals of Stevens and Lee, 1916-1932." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 58, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991436.
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This paper considers the work of Bostonand Toronto-based architects Edward Stevens and Frederick Lee during a critical period in North American hospital expansion. Without exception, their hospitals represented state-of-the-art planning wrapped in conservative exteriors. The firm's work thus offers a rich case study from which to consider the notion of historicist design as a mechanism for coping with change. This paper focuses on five Stevens-and-Lee projects: Notre Dame Hospital and two additions to the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, the Kingston General Hospital, and the Ottawa Civic Hospital. Their buildings can be considered typical of the period, since Stevens and Lee designed prominent hospitals across North America. An interpretation of the hospitals is further enriched by the prospect of comparing what was built to the architects' own words. Edward Stevens's The American Hospital of the Twentieth Century (1918) is a classic in the field of hospital architecture, and he published extensively in the architectural and medical professional presses. The study of Steven's words and his hospitals illuminates the inherent danger of regarding historicist building types as antimodern or necessarily conventional. It also reveals the paucity of stylistic interpretations of all architecture. This approach has resulted in the widespread misinterpretation of interwar hospitals as reactionary, or at best antimodern. For this reason, hospitals of the 1920s are generally omitted from studies of the building type and are seen, mistakenly, as simple reverberations of the nineteenth-century model. Generic hospital architecture of the interwar years was modern in its spatial attitudes-not necessarily its look, but rather in its structure, its endorsement of aseptic medical practice, its sanctioning of expert knowledge, its appeal to new patrons, its encouragement of new ways of working, its response to urbanization, its use of zoning, its acceptance of modern social structures, its resemblance to other modern building types, its embrace of internationalism, and its endorsement of standardization.
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Devitt, Bianca Alix, Jennifer Philip, Madhu Sudan Singh, Linda R. Mileshkin, and Sue-Anne McLachlan. "Patients’ and health professionals’ perspectives on the outcomes, conduct, and medico-legal implications of multidisciplinary cancer meetings (MDMs)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16562-e16562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16562.
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e16562 Background: Multidisciplinary cancer meetings (MDMs) are a fundamental component of multidisciplinary cancer care. Guidelines relating to their conduct are largely based on expert opinion rather than empirical evidence. We examined patients and health professionals’ (HPs) attitudes to the outcomes, conduct and medico-legal implications of MDMs. Methods: Two study-specific questionnaires were developed based on qualitative research, published literature and guidelines, for health professionals who attend MDMs and patients with a current or previous diagnosis of cancer. The questionnaires were administered at 4 health services encompassing tertiary and regional centres in Victoria, Australia. Results: 170 HPs (response rate 62%) and 110 patients (response rate 83%) completed the questionnaire. 92% of patients want their case discussed at an MDM. HPs believe the focus of MDMs is to consider different treatment modalities (99%) and ensure patients receive evidence-based care (83%) rather than address psychosocial issues (52%). Similarly, patients allocated 71% of MDM discussion time to discussing possible treatment options, 15% to relevant social issues and 14% to psychological issues. More than 70% of patients and HPs thought no formal patient consent was required prior to discussion at MDM. 75% of HPs agreed MDMs provided them with increased medico-legal protection. 93% of HPs thought MDM discussions should result in a consensus on the proposed management plan. Patients would prefer to discuss the outcomes of the MDM personally with their treating doctor (81%) and 75% also desired written documentation. Conclusions: Patients and HPs agree the focus of MDMs is predominately medical with emphasis on treatment planning rather than the psychosocial needs of patients. Both groups believe MDM discussion forms part of standard care and formal consent is not required. HPs aim to develop an individualized, evidence-based management plan, agreed to by consensus. Strategies to improve communication of this plan to patients should be developed. This is the first empirical evidence on MDMs’ conduct and should help inform the development of future guidelines.
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Carney, Terry. "Reforming child welfare: Diverting by-ways on the road to utopia?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 18, no. 4 (December 1985): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486588501800405.
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This article, written from a less than detached standpoint by the chairperson of the body concerned, takes the recently completed review of child welfare practice and legislation in the Australian State of Victoria, as a case study of the contours, and of the factors which shape, law reform in areas of social policy. Substantive issues dealt with in the body of the Report1 will not be addressed here. Rather, the article considers some of the reasons which might explain why the task was not entrusted to one of the existing structures for the review of law and social policy in this State, and it canvasses some of the features which may make review by such a free-standing committee the preferred approach when reviewing social policy. The main theme to be explored is that of the role of reviews in accelerating (or inhibiting) the process of change in a legal, welfare practice and public policy context. To this end the article addresses such matters as: the significance of the composition of the review body; its techniques of consultation with the public and with government; its dealings with government and major centres of power; and related matters which bear on its capacity to discharge its basic mandate. The contextual pressures which favour system inertia, or which may transform reform measures into something other than what was intended by the proponents of change, will also be alluded to. It will be argued that the model of expert independent committee suffers from a vulnerability to the effects of external factors and relationships. These may leach away much of its capacity to undertake a thorough, detached evaluation of its specified field, and preclude it from building up significant momentum for change. Nevertheless, it is contended that these weak points are capable of being shored up. As a consequence it is concluded that this model is superior to its competitors when a significant area of social policy is thought to be ripe for evaluation and change.
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Kersten, Carool. "Quranic Studies." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i1.1652.
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Since its first release in 1977 by Oxford University Press, Quranic Studieshas become part of a wider body of published scholarship that is taking afresh look at the traditional renditions of early Islamic history. Apart fromthis book, John Wansbrough (1928-2002), who was professor of SemiticStudies at London’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), alsowrote The Sectarian Milieu (Oxford University Press: 1978). Others havesince continued to research the formative period of Islam in a similar fashion.Among the most controversial contributions in this genre wasHagarism: The Making of the Islamic World (Oxford University Press:1977), a joint project of Patricia Crone (who did her Ph.D. underWansbrough) and Michael Cook (who also taught at SOAS until 1986).Thescholars belonging to this “school” of history writing have been characterizedas representatives of a “renewed scepticism” (Mohammed Arkoun),“revisionists” (R. Stephen Humphreys), and even practitioners of “badOrientalism” (Leonard Binder).This last characterization is indicative of the direction in which the discussionshave moved. Rather than having a continued exchange of viewsinformed by scholarly arguments, which this highly specialist and arcanesubject matter would certainly merit, the debate was, regrettably, soondominated by ideological overtones. Due to new communication technologies,it became part of a discourse that went far beyond what would havebeen its normal readership. Now, Quranic Studies has been released again,enhanced with a foreword, new annotations, and a glossary by AndrewRippin, a Qur’anic studies expert from Victoria University in Canada.Rippin undertook this venture in order to counter some of the ideologicaland non-scholarly ways in which the book has been used during the firsttwenty-five years of its existence. In fact, the editor even questions whetherall of those voicing the strongest opinions about this book have actuallyever read it.That would indeed be most remarkable, because Wansbrough’s study isat a level of erudition that few can hope to master. Unfortunately, that is alsoits main drawback: For the non-specialist, and by that I mean the Islamicistwhose interests lie outside scriptural exegesis, this erudite book poses a ...
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LAMONT, PETER. "SPIRITUALISM AND A MID-VICTORIAN CRISIS OF EVIDENCE." Historical Journal 47, no. 4 (November 29, 2004): 897–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x04004030.
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Historians writing on Victorian spiritualism have said little about the reported phenomena of the séance room, despite such events having been the primary reason given by spiritualists for their beliefs. Rather, such beliefs have been seen as a response to the so-called ‘crisis of faith’, and their expression as part of a broader scientific and cultural discourse. Yet the debate about séance phenomena was significantly problematic for the Victorians, in particular the reported phenomena associated with the best-known Victorian medium, Daniel Dunglas Home. In the attempt to provide a natural explanation for Home's phenomena, two groups of experts were appealed to – stage conjurors and scientists – yet it seems clear that the former were unable to explain the phenomena, while scientists who tested Home concluded his phenomena were real. The overwhelming rejection of supernatural agency, and the nature of the response from orthodox science, suggests that such reported phenomena were less the result of a crisis of faith than the cause of a crisis of evidence, the implications of which were deemed scientific rather than religious.
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CHERUIYOT, Charles K., and Victor S. MUHANDIKI. "Estimation of Nutrient Export Coefficients in Lake Victoria Basin." Journal of Water and Environment Technology 12, no. 3 (2014): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jwet.2014.231.
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Kvale, K. F., K. J. Meissner, D. P. Keller, M. Eby, and A. Schmittner. "Explicit planktic calcifiers in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 2 (March 14, 2014): 1709–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-1709-2014.
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Abstract. Marine calcifiers as a plankton functional type (PFT) are a crucial part of the global carbon cycle, being responsible for much of the carbon export to the deep ocean entering via biological pathways. Deep ocean carbon export through calcifiers is controlled by physiological, ecological and biogeochemical factors. This paper describes the implementation of a phytoplankton coccolithophore PFT in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM), and improvements to the representation of zooplankton calcification and carbon export therein. The described modifications improve model performance with respect to carbon and nutrient fluxes. Primary production, export production, particulate organic carbon and calcite fluxes all fall within independent estimates.
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Hamlin, Christopher. "Scientific Method and Expert Witnessing: Victorian Perspectives on a Modern Problem." Social Studies of Science 16, no. 3 (August 1986): 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631286016003004.
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Lucas, A. M. "Zoological eponyms honouring the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller." Archives of Natural History 40, no. 2 (October 2013): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2013.0173.
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