Journal articles on the topic 'Expert Group to Review the Methodology for Measurement of Poverty'
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Deo*, Dr Shilpa. "Urban Poverty and Vulnerability: Literature and Perspective." International Journal of Management and Humanities 5, no. 9 (May 30, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.i1323.055921.
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The Government of India has been taking various steps towards identification of the poor (and vulnerable through the Socio Economic Caste Census) and measurement of poverty with the help of various Expert Groups right from the Task Force that was set up in 1962 to the Task Force on Poverty Elimination of the NITI Aayog. There have been many researchers as well who have been suggesting the ways in which the poor and vulnerable can be identified and poverty can be measured besides the suggestions given by the Expert Groups. However, it may be considered as a ‘national shame’ if we are unable to identify the needy even after 75 years of independence. Through the review of around 100 books, research papers and articles, an attempt has been to understand the strengths and shortcomings of suggested ways to identify the poor and vulnerable and suggest a comprehensive methodology to identify the needy. Unless we are able to identify the poor and vulnerable sections of society correctly, planning and implementing poverty alleviation programmes for “ending poverty in all its forms everywhere”1 would be a futile exercise!
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Bartoletti, Michele, Massimo Antonelli, Francesco Arturo Bruno Blasi, Ivo Casagranda, Arturo Chieregato, Roberto Fumagalli, Massimo Girardis, et al. "Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy: an expert consensus." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 56, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 1223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0259.
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Abstract Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful biomarker of bacterial infection and its use is associated to reduced duration of antibiotic therapy in the setting of intensive care medicine. To address the need of practical guidance for the use of PCT in various clinical settings, a group of experts was invited to participate at a consensus process with the aims of defining the rationale for appropriate use of PCT and for improving the management of critically ill patients with sepsis. Methods: A group of 14 experts from anesthesiology and critical care, infectious diseases, internal medicine, pulmonology, clinical microbiology, laboratory medicine, clinical pharmacology and methodology provided expert opinion through a modified Delphi process, after a comprehensive literature review. Results: The appropriateness of use of PCT in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and antimicrobial stewardship was assessed for different scenarios or settings such us management of infection in the emergency department, regular wards, surgical wards or in the intensive care unit. Similarly, appropriateness and timing of PCT measurement were evaluated. All the process consisted in three Delphi rounds. Conclusions: PCT use is appropriate in algorithms for antibiotic de-escalation and discontinuation. In this case, reproducible, high sensitive assays should be used. However, initiation or escalation of antibiotic therapy in specific scenarios, including acute respiratory infections, should not be based solely on PCT serum levels. Clinical and radiological findings, evaluation of severity of illness and of patient’s characteristics should be taken into proper account in order to correctly interpret PCT results.
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Malviya, Rakesh Kumar, and Ravi Kant. "Developing integrated framework to measure performance of green supply chain management." Benchmarking: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (October 5, 2019): 634–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2019-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore green supply chain management (GSCM) performance measures and to develop a framework for evaluating the impact of GSCM implementation on organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach This research develops a performance measurement framework by integrating GSCM enabler with GSCM performance measures criteria. These criteria are selected from literature review and expert opinion. This study proposes a fuzzy balanced scorecard – fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution-based methodology to evaluate the overall organizational performance. The empirical case study of an Indian automobile organization is conducted. Further, the proposed framework is tested with three Indian Automobile organizations and their results are compared with the case organization. Findings The integrated methodology offers an effective way to measure and benchmark the impact of the proposed GSCM performance measurement framework. The empirical results show that the output of the proposed model is consistent. Thus, the study contributes to the advancement of knowledge toward GSCM and its management for sustainability. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to the automotive sector; hence the outcomes may not be comprehensively applicable across different sectors. The results cannot be applied to other sectors with other product and process specificities. Practical implications It helps the practitioners to measure and improve the effectiveness of GSCM implementation. Originality/value This study is the generalized performance measurement framework and can be used to measure the performance for any type of organizations to benchmark one organization with the other or the group of organizations.
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Kaiser, Michael G., Praveen V. Mummaneni, Paul G. Matz, Paul A. Anderson, Michael W. Groff, Robert F. Heary, Langston T. Holly, et al. "Radiographic assessment of cervical subaxial fusion." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 11, no. 2 (August 2009): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.spine08719.
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Object The objective of this systematic review was to use evidence-based medicine to identify the best methodology for radiographic assessment of cervical subaxial fusion. Methods The National Library of Medicine and Cochrane Database were queried using MeSH headings and keywords relevant to cervical fusion. Abstracts were reviewed and studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected. The guidelines group assembled an evidentiary table summarizing the quality of evidence (Classes I–III). Disagreements regarding the level of evidence were resolved through an expert consensus conference. The group formulated recommendations that contained the degree of strength based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines network. Validation was done through peer review by the Joint Guidelines Committee of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Results Pseudarthrosis is best assessed through the absence of motion detected between the spinous processes on dynamic radiographs (Class II). The measurement of interspinous distance on dynamic radiographs of ≥ 2 mm is a more reliable indicator for pseudarthrosis than angular motion of 2° based on Cobb angle measurements (Class II). Similarly, it is also understood that the pseudarthrosis rate will increase as the threshold for allowable motion on dynamic radiographs decreases. The combination of interspinous distance measurements and identification of bone trabeculation is unreliable when performed by the treating surgeon (Class II). Identification of bone trabeculation on static radiographs should be considered a less reliable indicator of cervical arthrodesis than dynamic films (Class III). Conclusions Consideration should be given to dynamic radiographs and interspinous distance when assessing for pseudarthrosis.
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Karni, Liran, Koustuv Dalal, Mevludin Memedi, Dipak Kalra, and Gunnar Oskar Klein. "Information and Communications Technology–Based Interventions Targeting Patient Empowerment: Framework Development." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 26, 2020): e17459. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17459.
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Background Empowerment of patients is often an explicit goal of various information and communications technology (ICT) (electronic, digital) interventions where the patients themselves use ICT tools via the internet. Although several models of empowerment exist, a comprehensive and pragmatic framework is lacking for the development of such interventions. Objective This study proposes a framework for digital interventions aiming to empower patients that includes a methodology that links objectives, strategies, and evaluation. Methods This study is based on a literature review and iterated expert discussions including a focus group to formulate the proposed model. Our model is based on a review of various models of empowerment and models of technology intervention. Results Our framework includes the core characteristics of the empowerment concept (control, psychological coping, self-efficacy, understanding, legitimacy, and support) as well as a set of empowerment consequences: expressed patient perceptions, behavior, clinical outcomes, and health systems effects. The framework for designing interventions includes strategies to achieve empowerment goals using different ICT services. Finally, the intervention model can be used to define project evaluations where the aim is to demonstrate empowerment. The study also included example indicators and associated measurement instruments. Conclusions This framework, which includes definitions, can be useful for the design and evaluation of digital interventions targeting patient empowerment and assist in the development of methods to measure results in this dimension. Further evaluation in the form of interventional studies will be needed to assess the generalizability of the model.
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Hashim, Hajar Mariah, Yee Guan Ng, Othman Talib, and Shamsul Bahri Md Tamrin. "Content validation of flood disaster preparedness action (FDPA) items among small and medium enterprises (SME) business." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-08-2018-0034.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the process of construction and content validity of flood disaster preparedness action (FDPA) items to measure flood preparedness characteristics and activities among the small and medium enterprises (SME). Design/methodology/approach The content validity process involved the act of conceptualization, development and validation. In short, it was implemented to develop the FDPA items that were used to measure flood preparedness at the SME level. The steps began with literature review (adopt and adapt) and judgment of expert panel on the item development process. The list of 54 items was developed. A panel of eight experts rated its content validation during a focus group discussion. Findings In total, 52 items were acceptable to be passed on to the next stage of data collection. The items content validity (I-CVI) measurement of the items was within an acceptable range of more than 0.75, except for two items: Q38 and Q39. The scale content validity (S-CVI) value gave an excellent score of 0.95. Several items with low I-CVI score values for relevancy and clarity were subject to modification. Practical implications Content validity ensured accurate interpretations of results. To support the construct validity of an instrument, documenting findings from content validity was essential. Originality/value This paper demonstrated the initial phase of scale development on FDPA items. This newly developed item allows the integration of several flood disaster preparedness activities construct by review and judgment process by the panel of experts in the field.
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Wong, Eliza Lai-Yi, Annie Wai-Ling Cheung, Richard Huan Xu, Carrie Ho-Kwan Yam, Sui-Fai Lui, and Eng-Kiong Yeoh. "Development and validation of a generic patient experience instrument for measuring specialist outpatient service in Hong Kong." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 31, no. 10 (December 2019): G158—G164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzz113.
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Abstract Objective The measurement of patients’ experience is an important performance indicator of health care service quality. A reliable and validated instrument to elicit patients’ experience is an important step. This study aimed to develop a generic instrument to elicit patients’ experience in specialist outpatient clinic provision with a rigorous and systematic methodology. Design The instrument framework was developed according to findings of a literature review, patient focus group discussions, individual patient in-depth interviews and expert discussion. The framework was tested for psychometric performance with a cross-sectional telephone survey in terms of practicality, validity, reliability and responsiveness. Setting 26 Public specialist outpatient clinics in Hong Kong were selected. Participants Cantonese speaking patients aged 18 or above. Intervention(s): None. Main outcome measure(s): A validated generic patient experience questionnaire measuring Specialist Outpatient Service (SOPEQ). Results A proportional sample total of 513 patients from 26 specialist outpatient clinics were recruited, response rate of 56%. The findings indicated that the instrument is practicable and concise. A structure of nine dimensions with 47 items structure was confirmed based on exploratory factor analysis and content validity. These items showed satisfactory internal reliability consistency (α = 0.793) and test–retest reliability ranged from 0.618 to 0.829. Conclusions The SOPEQ was established with satisfactory psychometric properties. A valid and reliable measure to evaluate patients’ experience is an important step in providing valuable input from patients’ perspective for policy makers to improve patient-centred services. It also serves as a platform to engage patients and thereby, in improving health care quality and enhancing health outcomes.
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Lee, EunSu, and Hosun Rhim. "An application of conjoint analysis to explore user perceptions on management information systems." Management Research Review 37, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-10-2012-0213.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate user preferences for the information systems in order to achieve user satisfaction by using conjoint analysis. Design/methodology/approach – Conjoint analysis is applied for the measurement of user preferences on information systems by seven properties and three levels for each property. To apply the approach, two surveys were designed: the first survey investigates the main properties affecting the end-users' satisfaction for using the current information systems based upon literature review and expert interview in Phase I. The second survey weighed the preferences by the virtual profiles of the information systems, which represent the ideal systems. Findings – The results show that speed-related properties are critical to achieve the end-user satisfaction. The next important property group is related to the access control and system integration between various business modules. From the measurements, the best system file should be constructed with the highly weighed levels of the key attributes. Research limitations/implications – The virtual profiles are complex for respondents to understand the attributes and the compounds of the virtual products. Moreover, the respondents were overwhelmed by the number of virtual profiles. The attributes were required to enable communication between researchers and respondents. Practical implications – Information system designers can achieve user satisfaction by combining the highest utility levels of all attributes. Nonetheless, the trade-offs between attributes and their levels should be considered in order to apply the results to the business, depending on the system environments and business practices, by updating the importance of the determinants regularly. Originality/value – This study applied the conjoint analysis to information management systems in order to design and maintain user satisfaction for the targeted company. This paper will provide alternative ways for the system engineers and developers of the case company by considering the critical attributes, which will affect both user performance and satisfaction.
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Mačerinskienė, Irena, and Rasa Aleknavičiūtė. "National intellectual capital influence on economic growth in the European Union countries." Equilibrium 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i4.30.
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Research background: Importance of intangible resources for country’s economic growth is widely recognized. However, empirical evidence of this influence is hard to show due to measurement limitations of intangible resources. Majority of empirical studies concentrates on the analysis of a specific type of intangible resource’s influence on economic growth. National intellectual capital concept provides background for an integrated assessment of the country's intangible resources. This new approach enables the estimation of intangible resources’ influence to economic growth in a more complex way.
Purpose of the article: a) To examine various scientific approaches of the national intellectual capital and its impact on the economic growth; b) to offer a measurement model of the national intellectual capital influence on economic growth; c) to evaluate the specific European Union countries’ intellectual capital’s effect on their economic growth.
Methods: Econometric analysis; refined factor value computation method using the stand-ardized regression coefficients; the SAW method; expert evaluation, cluster analysis; corre-lation and regression analyses.
Findings & Value added: A review of the economic growth theories showed that structural components of intellectual capital (human capital, structural capital, social capital, relational capital) in economic growth theories are analyzed as key determinants of economic growth. Our proposed research methodology consists time lag between variables and this let us evaluate casual relation. Empirical analysis of 25 European Union countries’ intellectual capital’s effect on their economic growth rate revealed that national intellectual capital and the countries’ level of economic development have statistically significant impact on economic growth rate. The analysis of intellectual capital components’ influence on economic growth rate of 25 European Union countries showed that only human capital and the level of economic development have statistically significant influence. A more comprehensive human capital’s influence on economic growth analysis revealed that 63.1 percent of the long-term economic growth rate in 25 European Union countries can be explained by differences in their economic development level and differences in educational achievement factor values. Moreover, analysis of national intellectual capital effect on economic growth in separate clusters allowed to identify influence differences in each group of countries.
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Dubey, Neeraj Kumar, and Purnima Sangle. "Customer perception of CRM implementation in banking context." Journal of Advances in Management Research 16, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-12-2017-0118.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a scale for measuring a customer’s perception of customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives of a bank. Based upon resource-based view, CRM technology capability has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct comprising of technology, people and business resource (process). This study aims to develop a comprehensive scale for performance measurement of CRM technology capability, customer orientation and co-creation from the customer perspective.Design/methodology/approachA systematic scale development process was adopted consisting of three phases, a qualitative inquiry which included item generation through literature review, expert opinion and focus group study, scale purification and refinement using item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and scale validation using confirmatory factor analysis. The study sample consisted of 324 respondents, with a usable response rate of 68 percent.FindingsThe findings of the empirical study resulted in a 42-item scale that measures CRM technology capability (technology, people and process), customer orientation, co-creation and relationship quality and outcome (RQO) (satisfaction, trust, commitment and loyalty). The predictive validity assessment model suggested that CRM technology capability has a higher impact on RQO. The empirical findings also suggest that technology is found to be the most important factor compared to people and process for CRM technology capability. The findings are aligned with literature review and expert opinion that the evolving collaborative-technologies-enabled CRM technology capability has changed the customer relationship paradigm.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on a scale specific to the banking sector to avoid conjoint factors, whereas a more generalized scale would have wider applicability across industries. The current study sought to broaden the coverage by including a large number of banks who have implemented CRM.Practical implicationsThis reliable and valid scale can help practitioners in measuring the effectiveness of their CRM implementation from the customer’s perspective, and provide insights that will help them in bridging the gap between their intended objective and actual implementation. They can also use this study to measure pre- and post-CRM implementation to see the effectiveness. This study also provides relevance of customer orientation and offers insight about co-creation which has taken the center stage because of the emergence of collaborative technologies.Social implicationsThis will help in measuring perception of the customer which is an important stakeholder in the engagement. This can help organizations in proactively taking care of customer’s rights and measuring the level of satisfaction proactively, which has become a regulatory requirement in many economies.Originality/valueThis study is possibly one of the first to develop a psychometrically valid scale to measure the customer’s perception of CRM using direct measures. The findings provide insight into the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of CRM practices in the banking sector. This study demonstrates that CRM technology capability, customer orientation and co-creation play a very critical role.
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O’Grady, Naomi P., Earnest Alexander, Waleed Alhazzani, Fayez Alshamsi, Jennifer Cuellar-Rodriguez, Brian K. Jefferson, Andre C. Kalil, et al. "Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for Evaluating New Fever in Adult Patients in the ICU." Critical Care Medicine 51, no. 11 (October 12, 2023): 1570–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000006022.
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RATIONALE: Fever is frequently an early indicator of infection and often requires rigorous diagnostic evaluation. OBJECTIVES: This is an update of the 2008 Infectious Diseases Society of America and Society (IDSA) and Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) guideline for the evaluation of new-onset fever in adult ICU patients without severe immunocompromise, now using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. PANEL DESIGN: The SCCM and IDSA convened a taskforce to update the 2008 version of the guideline for the evaluation of new fever in critically ill adult patients, which included expert clinicians as well as methodologists from the Guidelines in Intensive Care, Development and Evaluation Group. The guidelines committee consisted of 12 experts in critical care, infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, organ transplantation, public health, clinical research, and health policy and administration. All task force members followed all conflict-of-interest procedures as documented in the American College of Critical Care Medicine/SCCM Standard Operating Procedures Manual and the IDSA. There was no industry input or funding to produce this guideline. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review for each population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes question to identify the best available evidence, statistically summarized the evidence, and then assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. We used the evidence-to-decision framework to formulate recommendations as strong or weak or as best-practice statements. RESULTS: The panel issued 12 recommendations and 9 best practice statements. The panel recommended using central temperature monitoring methods, including thermistors for pulmonary artery catheters, bladder catheters, or esophageal balloon thermistors when these devices are in place or accurate temperature measurements are critical for diagnosis and management. For patients without these devices in place, oral or rectal temperatures over other temperature measurement methods that are less reliable such as axillary or tympanic membrane temperatures, noninvasive temporal artery thermometers, or chemical dot thermometers were recommended. Imaging studies including ultrasonography were recommended in addition to microbiological evaluation using rapid diagnostic testing strategies. Biomarkers were recommended to assist in guiding the discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy. All recommendations issued were weak based on the quality of data. CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines panel was able to formulate several recommendations for the evaluation of new fever in a critically ill adult patient, acknowledging that most recommendations were based on weak evidence. This highlights the need for the rapid advancement of research in all aspects of this issue—including better noninvasive methods to measure core body temperature, the use of diagnostic imaging, advances in microbiology including molecular testing, and the use of biomarkers.
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Ahmed Naik, Nawaz, and C. M. Tiwari. "Poverty in India, Rural and Urban Poverty, An Over View." International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, March 31, 2023, 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/2454-2679.2023.00009.
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Poverty remains a challenge for India; poverty eradication is an important goal of economic policy. Therefore, the measurement of poverty must be acceptable because it has important political implications. This article presents the methodology followed by the expert group (Rangarajan) and explains some of the issues that have been raised since the publication of the report. In addition to methodology, some of the topics covered in the article are: calorie consumption, multidimensional poverty, urban poverty, NAS (National Accounts Statistics)-NSS (National Sample Survey) public spending and poverty, NSS and SECC (Socio-Economic Caste Census and Poverty the method approved by the new poor group is based on sound principles. As the group explained, this measure is not considered an appropriate basis for determining eligibility for various programs. But a proper anti-poverty measure is useful to get an overall picture of a country's progress. This represents the absolute minimum. It is clear that the goal of policy must be not only to reduce the number of people below this threshold, but also to ensure that people in general have a much higher standard of living. Policymakers must pursue a two-pronged strategy: allowing the economy to grow rapidly and attacking poverty directly with poverty programs.
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Bhuiyan, Miraj Ahmed, Zhihui Liu, and Fanqiang Meng. "Measurement and difference analysis of multidimensional poverty of floating population." Kybernetes, January 5, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2022-0943.
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PurposeAt present, the scale of China's floating population has reached 376 million people. Compared with the local inhabitants, the poverty problem of the floating population is more complex, and this problem should also attract the attention of all sectors of society. This paper aims to measure and analyze the multidimensional poverty of the floating population in China.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this paper are the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in China. This survey is a large-scale national migratory population sampling survey organized by the China National Health Commission, covering 31 provinces (autonomous regions and cities) and other autonomous regions. This paper uses the dynamic monitoring and Alkire and Foster (A-F) method to study the multidimensional poverty problem of the floating population.FindingsThis study finds that income poverty is no longer the main type of poverty faced by the floating population. The multidimensional poverty of the floating population mainly occurs in the social security and education dimensions, of which social security has become the most severe poverty dimension of the floating population. From the perspective of group differences, compared with the floating population in urban areas, the multidimensional poverty of migrant workers is more serious. However, the poverty of migrant workers is mainly concentrated in one-dimensional poverty and two-dimensional poverty.Social implicationsIn the future, the authors should focus on the social security of the floating population in the place of influx and the education of the floating population.Originality/valueThrough the review of the existing literature, the authors find that the current research on the multidimensional poverty of the floating population is mainly concentrated on the migrant worker groups that move from rural areas to urban areas. However, insufficient attention is paid to the urban floating population groups moving between cities.
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Teig, Catherine J. P., Malcolm J. Bond, Margreth Grotle, Møyfrid Kjøllesdal, Susan Saga, Milada S. Cvancarova, Marie A. Ellström Engh, and Angelita Martini. "A novel method for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life patient-reported outcome measurements." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-023-02089-y.
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Abstract Background This paper presents a novel methodology for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality-of-life patient-reported outcome measures, incorporating the Delphi method. Specifically, we describe the process of translating the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 from English to Norwegian using this method. Methods The multistep translation method combined the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life guidelines, an Expert Panel review, and the Delphi method. It comprised two independent forward- and back-translations. While the bilingual pelvic floor Expert Panel ensured rigorous cross-checking and effective cross-cultural adaptation, the addition of the Delphi method (comprising the attributes of anonymity, controlled feedback, and statistical group response) further established consensus on translated items. Outcomes The application of the Delphi method in the Expert Panel phase proved adequate in producing comprehensible intermediate Norwegian versions ready for pilot testing. The Expert Panel reviewed the comments made by patients completing the instruments and offered advice to allow final translated versions to be produced and tested for measurement properties. This iterative approach, internal logic, and anonymity between rounds improved the evaluations that the panel members provided, which in turn enhanced the final translated Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Conclusions To our knowledge, this work represents the first demonstration of the application of an Expert Panel review incorporating a Delphi method to assess health-related quality-of-life instruments. The controlled feedback approach, iterative nature, internal logic, and anonymity of the Delphi consensus method appeared to ensure a good cross-cultural adaptation of these PROMs.
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Ross, Laura, Dylan Hansen, Susanna Proudman, Dinesh Khanna, Ariane L. Herrick, Wendy Stevens, Murray Baron, and Mandana Nikpour. "Development and Initial Validation of the Novel Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Activity Index." Arthritis & Rheumatology, June 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.42939.
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ObjectiveAccurate measurement of disease activity in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains a significant clinical challenge. The Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium (SCTC) convened an Activity Index Working Group (WG) to develop a novel measure of disease activity (SCTC‐AI).MethodsUsing consensus methodology, we developed a conceptual definition of disease activity. Literature review and expert consensus generated provisional SCTC‐AI items, which were reduced by Delphi survey. Provisional items were weighted against a combined endpoint of morbidity and mortality, using time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS) (n=1,254). External validation of the SCTC‐AI was performed using data collected from 1,103 Canadian Scleroderma Research Group Study participants.ResultsDisease activity in SSc was defined using consensus methodology as ‘aspects of disease that are reversible, or can be arrested, with time and, or effective therapy’. One‐hundred and forty‐one provisional SCTC‐AI items were generated and reduced using 3 rounds of Delphi survey and statistical reduction and weighting, against mortality and quality of life measures, yielding a final 24‐item index with a maximum possible score of 140. Survival analysis in an external cohort showed a graded relationship between disease activity scores and survival (p<0.01).ConclusionWe present a novel instrument to quantify the burden of disease activity in SSc. We have employed a rigorous consensus‐based process in combination with data‐driven methods, to develop an instrument that has face, content and criterion validity. Further work is required to fully validate and confirm the construct and discriminative validity of the SCTC‐AI.
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Saqib, Natasha, and Ali M. Shah. "Development of empirically-based customer-derived positioning taxonomy for FMCG sector in the Indian emerging market." Young Consumers, October 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-11-2020-1257.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a positioning taxonomy for the FMCG sector in the Indian emerging market, because a review of the literature shows that existing positioning typologies/taxonomies are based on managerial perspectives rather than consumer/customer perceptions and have only been developed for advanced countries. This study helps to solve this problem by creating a positioning taxonomy for emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach In three phases, this study uses a systematic procedure for developing and validating a scale. Phase 1 consists of item generation and selection based on a review of the literature, focus group sessions and expert opinion. The second phase entails scale refinement via exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis is used in Phase 3 to establish convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. Findings This study’s findings include a consumer-derived taxonomy of positioning strategies that have been tested and validated. There were four distinct positioning strategies that emerged: value for money, being local, premiumization and product attributes. Research limitations/implications The main implication of this paper is to support researchers in developing and validating measurement scales. The limitations include target populations, choice of industry and geography and cross-sectional time horizon of this study. Practical implications This study’s practical implications are the four positioning strategies that FMCG managers, advertising and marketing experts in the emerging Indian market could adopt to position their fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) products to achieve the overall success of their organizations. Social implications Researchers are provided step-by-step guidance on how to develop and validate a measurement scale. Originality/value This study adds to the marketing literature by providing both a solid theoretical foundation and a validated instrument for the operationalization of positioning strategies.
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Byrne, Amy-Louise, Clare Harvey, Adele Baldwin, Brody Heritage, Diane Chamberlain, and Elspeth Wood. "Evaluating the efficacy and impact of the Nursing and Midwifery Exchange Program: a study protocol." Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.37464/2019.364.1463.
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Objective: The following research protocol evaluates the Queensland Health Nursing and Midwifery Exchange Program (NMEP) and evaluates how exposure to diverse clinical settings, may impact the nursing and midwifery workforce on individual and organisational levels. Design: This protocol details a mixed methodology allowing for both quantitative and qualitative data. The study is being undertaken in three stages; a survey of the participating nurses and midwives; a systematic review; and a Delphi study with an expert review group. Setting: The study is a Queensland wide study across rural/remote, regional and metropolitan locations. Subjects: This study will follow approximately 70 nurses and midwives employed by Queensland Health from diverse areas and streams at various stages within their clinical career. Interventions: Nurses and Midwives participate in a three or six-month professional exchange to a rural/remote or metropolitan location. Main outcome measure(s): This study will evaluate the impact and sustainability of the NMEP program through measurement of burnout, job embeddedness, job strain, job satisfaction and attrition through a series of surveys. In addition to this, a systematic review and Delphi with executive experts will be conducted to consider a future pathway/model for nursing and midwifery exchange. Results: This study has commenced and will be completed September of 2019. Conclusion: The NMEP program is one novel approach to nursing and midwifery workforce concerns and looks to present excellent opportunities for the crossover of skills and ideas related to clinical, professional and service integration between metropolitan and rural practice.
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Quijano-Campos, J. C., N. Sekhri, M. Thillai, E. Blower, H. Clarke, E. Murphy, L. Othen-Price, J. Whight, and J. Sanders. "The development of a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (CARD-SARC) to assess the impact of cardiac sarcoidosis on health-related quality of life." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 23, Supplement_1 (July 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvae098.080.
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Abstract Introduction Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory condition caused by the formation of lumps (granulomas) of abnormal tissue in any organ, and can affect physical, functional, mental, social and economic aspects of life. People living with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are likely to have worse clinical outcomes and greater impairment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than other sarcoidosis manifestations. HRQoL is the main concern for people living with sarcoidosis. However, measuring HRQoL in people with CS is difficult as existing tools focus on other forms of sarcoidosis (for example, lung, eye or skin involvement) or for specific cardiac symptoms (for example, atrial fibrillation, angina or heart failure), but not specifically for CS. Purpose To develop a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (CARD-SARC) to assess the impact of CS on HRQoL. Methods A sequential exploratory mixed-method, multicentre observational cohort study using a clinimetric approach was conducted. The McMaster Framework for evaluative instruments was combined with the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) recommendations, involving three steps: item selection, item scaling and item reduction. The item-generation process used simultaneous triangulation (QUAN+qual) method, connecting quantitative data (theory, research findings and systematic review) with complementary qualitative components (interviews, clinical observations and experts’ opinion). The formatting of items was guided by patient and public involvement (PPI). The item reduction strategy was led by PPI and an international multidisciplinary clinical CS-experts. Results 740 potential items were generated by converging all the different sources and techniques. After removal of duplicates and simultaneous triangulation, a preliminary list with 111 items was reviewed by the CS-expert panel (including 11 pulmonologists, 7 cardiologists, 5 CS-patients and 3 specialist-nurses). After a consensus meeting, the CARD-SARC included 61 relevant items in six sections for pilot-testing: "functioning", "social, leisure and occupation", "emotional", psychological", "physical" and "healthcare/self-care". Conclusions This study used a robust methodology and active PPI involvement to develop the first disease-specific HRQoL tool for CS. The engagement and contributions of the PPI group in each step of the framework enhanced the content validity of the CARD-SARC. The CARD-SARC has the potential to influence clinical management and treatment options, future research and health-economic stakeholders’ decisions for CS.
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Ceballos Gomez, Hugo Fernando, Bolívar Arturo Delgado, and Aline Bento Ambrósio Avelar. "Impact of microcredit on the short-term finances of microentrepreneurs." Journal of Strategy and Management, May 22, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-07-2023-0175.
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PurposeThe study focused on the impact of microcredit on the short-term finances of microentrepreneurs at the Galerías Shopping Center in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia, from 2019 to 2023.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the paper is empirical-analytical, focusing on the tangible and unique aspects of reality that can be fragmented for measurement. This approach privileges the use of data from the study population’s experience, which is treated analytically through statistics to establish frequencies and correlations between variables. The research involved a structured questionnaire based on bibliographic references and considering the operational framework of the variables, which underwent expert review, necessary adjustments, a pilot test and subsequent validation in 2019 and 2023. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, ensuring a reliable indicator when equal to or greater than 0.7 in each analysis period. This methodology aimed to identify practices and how the financial profile influences short term.FindingsThe findings from the survey conducted with the microentrepreneurs at Galerías Shopping Center reveal several significant connections to the theoretical framework. The study revealed that many microentrepreneurs relied on their personal funds for business financing, indicating a limited understanding of financial principles. Additionally, a significant portion of microentrepreneurs mitigated investment risk by securing loans from financial institutions, yet none utilized government subsidies like entrepreneurship loans, pointing to a lack of advice. The findings underscore the importance of financial education and suitable financial services for business development.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of this study is the lack of detailed data on the financial structure of microentrepreneurs' businesses, as well as specific information on interest rates and the terms and conditions of the microcredit used. These limitations may affect the generalization of the results and the comprehensive understanding of the impact of microcredit on the short-term finances of microentrepreneurs. Future research could include a larger sample size and more accurate data on the financial structure of businesses, as well as a detailed investigation of interest rates and terms and conditions of microcredit, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the financial impacts for microentrepreneurs.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have practical implications for microentrepreneurs in the Galerías Shopping Center. The research emphasizes the need for improved financial knowledge, accounting practices and debt management among microentrepreneurs. It also highlights the importance of financial education and access to suitable financial services for business development. The study’s insights can guide the development of training programs and initiatives aimed at enhancing financial literacy and financial management among microentrepreneurs, leading to more informed decision-making and improved financial outcomes.Social implicationsFrom a social perspective, this research contributes to promoting economic development and financial inclusion. By addressing the mismanagement of microcredit by microentrepreneurs and providing insights into their short-term finances, the study aims to foster economic empowerment and sustainable development within communities. The findings underscore the significance of microfinance in driving economic growth, reducing poverty and promoting social inclusion. The research emphasizes the importance of equitable access to financial services, which can contribute to narrowing the gap between the financially excluded population and the conventional financial system.Originality/valueThis research adds originality and value to the academic community by addressing the incidence of microcredit on the short-term finances of microentrepreneurs in the specific context of the Galerías Shopping Center in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. By characterizing the financial profile of microentrepreneurs, establishing the relationship between microcredit characteristics and the financial profile and proposing an action plan, the study provides valuable insights for decision-making in both the academic and microfinance fields. The research contributes to the existing literature on microfinance and financial inclusion, offering a unique perspective and potential solutions for optimizing the use of microcredit-funded resources by microentrepreneurs.