Relevant bibliographies by topics / Expert database systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Expert database systems'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Expert database systems"

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Prakash, N. "Expert database systems." Information and Software Technology 32, no. 8 (October 1990): 572–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(90)90153-i.

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Whittington, RP. "Expert database systems." Information and Software Technology 33, no. 4 (May 1991): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(91)90155-5.

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van de Riet, R. P. "Expert database systems." Future Generation Computer Systems 2, no. 3 (September 1986): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-739x(86)90015-4.

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Brodie, Michael, Charles Kellogg, D. Stott Parker, Gio Wiederhold, Carlo Zaniolo, and Larry Kerschberg. "Expert database systems (workshop review)." ACM SIGMOD Record 14, no. 4 (May 1985): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/971699.318991.

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Beynon-Dames, Paul. "Database and expert systems applications." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 9, no. 5 (October 1996): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-1976(96)84165-0.

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Bawden, David. "Expert database systems. A gentle introduction." International Journal of Information Management 13, no. 6 (December 1993): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0268-4012(93)90068-f.

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Segev, Arie, and J. Leon Zhao. "Rule Management in Expert Database Systems." Management Science 40, no. 6 (June 1994): 685–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.40.6.685.

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Said, Wael, M. M. H. assan, and Amira M. Fawzy. "Smart Search Methods in Expert Database Systems." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 66, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v66p205.

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Morris, Anne, Gwyneth Tseng, and Hilary Drenth. "Expert systems for online business database selection." Library Hi Tech 10, no. 1/2 (January 1992): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047845.

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Garner, B. J. "Expert systems: from database to knowledge base." Information and Software Technology 29, no. 2 (March 1987): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(87)90316-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expert database systems"

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Baise, Paul. "Cogitator : a parallel, fuzzy, database-driven expert system." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006684.

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The quest to build anthropomorphic machines has led researchers to focus on knowledge and the manipulation thereof. Recently, the expert system was proposed as a solution, working well in small, well understood domains. However these initial attempts highlighted the tedious process associated with building systems to display intelligence, the most notable being the Knowledge Acquisition Bottleneck. Attempts to circumvent this problem have led researchers to propose the use of machine learning databases as a source of knowledge. Attempts to utilise databases as sources of knowledge has led to the development Database-Driven Expert Systems. Furthermore, it has been ascertained that a requisite for intelligent systems is powerful computation. In response to these problems and proposals, a new type of database-driven expert system, Cogitator is proposed. It is shown to circumvent the Knowledge Acquisition Bottleneck and posess many other advantages over both traditional expert systems and connectionist systems, whilst having non-serious disadvantages.
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Ince, Levent. "The role of expert systems in federated distributed multi-database systems/." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA377679.

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CHOOBINEH, JOOBIN. "FORM DRIVEN CONCEPTUAL DATA MODELING (DATABASE DESIGN, EXPERT SYSTEMS, CONCEPTUAL)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188043.

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Conceptual data schema is constructed from the analysis of the business forms which are used in an enterprise. In order to peform the analysis a data model, a forms model, and heuristics to map from the forms model to the data model are developed. The data model we use is an extended version of the Entity-Relationship Model. Extensions include the addition of the min-max cardinalities and generalization hierarchy. By extending the min-max cardinalities to attributes we capture a number of significant characteristics of the entities in a concise manner. We introduce a hierarchical model of forms. The model specifies various properties of each form field within the form such as their origin, hierarchical structure, and cardinalities. The inter-connection of the forms is expressed by specifying which form fields flow from one form to another. The Expert Database Design System creates a conceptual schema by incrementally integrating related collections of forms. The rules of the expert system are divided into six groups: (1) Form Selection, (2) Entity Identification, (3) Attribute Attachment, (4) Relationship Identification, (5) Cardinality Identification, and (6) Integrity Constraints. The rules of the first group use knowledge about the form flow to determine the order in which forms are analyzed. The rules in other groups are used in conjunction with a designer dialogue to identify entities, relationships, and attributes of a schema that represents the collection of forms.
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Boxall, Ronald A. "SPEEDS : an approach to support programming environments using expert database systems." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28560.

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Clayton, Irving B., and Patsy R. Boozer. "An expert system interfaced with a database system to perform troubleshooting of aircraft carrier piping systems." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23227.

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Miller, Garth Soren. "The complementary roles of expert systems and database management systems in a design for manufacture environment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16070.

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Bessasparis, Michael J. "An update expert and response generator for a transportable natural language interface to database management systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063409/.

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Dierzé, Lukáš. "Optimalizace provozu serverů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224375.

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Vom, Braucke Troy S., and tvombraucke@swin edu au. "Establishment of a database for tool life performance." Swinburne University of Technology, 2004. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050914.085324.

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The cutting tool industry has evolved over the last half century to the point where an increasing range and complexity of cutting tools are available for metal machining. This highlighted a need to provide an intelligent, user-friendly system of tool selection and recommendation that can also provide predictive economic performance data for engineers and end-users alike. Such an 'expert system' was developed for a local manufacturer of cutting tools in the form of a relational database to be accessed over the Internet. A number of performance predictive models were reviewed for various machining processes, however they did not encompass the wide range of variables encountered in metal machining, thus adaptation of these existing models for an expert system was reasoned to be economically prohibitive at this time. Interrogation of published expert systems from cutting tool manufacturers, showed the knowledge-engineered principle to be a common approach to transferring economic and technological information to an end-user. The key advantage being the flexibility to allow further improvements as new knowledge is gained. As such, a relational database was built upon the knowledge-engineered principle, based on skilled craft oriented knowledge to establish an expert system for selection and performance assessment of cutting tools. An investigation into tapping of austenitic stainless steels was undertaken to develop part of a larger expert system. The expert system was then interrogated in this specific area in order to challenge by experiment, the skilled craft oriented knowledge in this area. The experimental results were incorporated into the database where appropriate, providing a user-friendly working expert system for intelligent cutting tool selection, recommendation and performance data.
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Salberg, Randall N. "The systems resource dictionary : a synergism of artificial intelligence, database management and software engineering methodologies." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9877.

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Books on the topic "Expert database systems"

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V, Mařík, Lažanský Jiří, Wagner Roland R, and Database and Expert Systems Applications Conference (4th : 1993 : Prague, Czech Republic), eds. Database and expert systems applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Strauss, Christine, Gabriele Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86472-9.

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Strauss, Christine, Gabriele Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86475-0.

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Strauss, Christine, Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Gabriele Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12426-6.

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Strauss, Christine, Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Gabriele Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12423-5.

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Bench-Capon, Trevor J. M., Giovanni Soda, and A. Min Tjoa, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48309-8.

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Hartmann, Sven, Josef Küng, Sharma Chakravarthy, Gabriele Anderst-Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27615-7.

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Hartmann, Sven, Josef Küng, Sharma Chakravarthy, Gabriele Anderst-Kotsis, A. Min Tjoa, and Ismail Khalil, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27618-8.

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Hartmann, Sven, Hui Ma, Abdelkader Hameurlain, Günther Pernul, and Roland R. Wagner, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98809-2.

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Hartmann, Sven, Hui Ma, Abdelkader Hameurlain, Günther Pernul, and Roland R. Wagner, eds. Database and Expert Systems Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98812-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expert database systems"

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Reinhardt, Hans W., and Gabriele B. Funk. "Expert Systems and Database Systems." In The Modelling of Microstructure and its Potential for Studying Transport Properties and Durability, 271–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8646-7_13.

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Hsiao, David K., Magdi N. Kamel, and C. Thomas Wu. "The Federated Databases and System: A New Generation of Advanced Database Systems." In Database and Expert Systems Applications, 186–90. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7553-8_30.

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Thompson, Simon B. N., and Maryanne Morgan. "Database Techniques and Expert Systems." In Occupational Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation, 146–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3083-5_6.

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Bayer, Rudolf. "Database Technology for Expert Systems." In Wissensbasierte Systeme, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70840-4_1.

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Fong, Joseph Shi Piu. "Database and Expert Systems Integration." In Information Systems Reengineering, Integration and Normalization, 313–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12295-3_8.

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Kifer, Michael. "Expert Systems: A Database Perspective." In Knowledge, Data and Computer-Assisted Decisions, 305–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84218-4_24.

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Fong, Joseph S. P., and Kenneth Wong Ting Yan. "Database and Expert Systems Integration." In Information Systems Reengineering, Integration and Normalization, 257–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79584-9_7.

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Debenham, John K. "Knowledge Systems: A Synthesis of Database Systems and Expert Systems Technologies." In Database and Expert Systems Applications, 315–21. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7553-8_51.

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Falkenberg, E. D., J. L. H. Oei, and H. A. Proper. "Evolving Information Systems: Beyond Temporal Information Systems." In Database and Expert Systems Applications, 282–87. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7557-6_49.

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Tanaka, Hidetoshi. "Protein Function Database as a Deductive and Object-Oriented Database." In Database and Expert Systems Applications, 481–86. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7555-2_81.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expert database systems"

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Chen-Hwa, Chung, and Christos Nikolopoulos. "On expert database systems (abstract)." In the 1990 ACM annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/100348.100478.

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Brodie, Michael, Charles Kellogg, D. Stott Parker, Gio Wiederhold, and Carlo Zaniolo. "Expert database systems (workshop review)." In the 1985 ACM SIGMOD international conference, Chair Larry Kerschberg. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/318898.318991.

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Guliamova, Malokhat Kamilovna, and Ravshan Maratovich Aliev. "Database Concept, Relevance and Expert Systems." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-553409.

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Kerschberg, Larry. "Architectural issues for expert database systems." In the 1985 ACM annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/320435.323370.

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Lee, Joon Seok, Kang J. Chang, and Larry Lichten. "Linking Expert Group Technology With Parametric Design." In ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1994-0491.

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Abstract Expert systems can be integrated with databases and CAD/CAM systems using group technology (GT). By using information in a database, geometric features of parts can be specified by GT codes, and CAD models can be generated automatically using parameterized generic templates. This paper describes a microcomputer-based prototype implementation that merges database, expert, and CAD systems in order to perform GT classification and create CAD models with minimal manual intervention.
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Sellis, T. "CHOROCHRONOS: research on spatiotemporal database systems." In Proceedings. Tenth International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. DEXA 99. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.1999.795207.

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"Seventh International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications." In Proceedings of 7th International Conference and Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications: DEXA 96. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.1996.558262.

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"Eleventh International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications." In Proceedings 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.2000.874995.

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Yasdi, Ramin. "Modelling database based expert systems at the conceptual level." In the 1985 ACM thirteenth annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/320599.320723.

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Bafoutsou, G., and G. Mentzas. "A comparative analysis of web-based collaborative systems." In 12th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.2001.953109.

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Reports on the topic "Expert database systems"

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Semerikov, Serhiy O., Vladyslav S. Pototskyi, Kateryna I. Slovak, Svitlana M. Hryshchenko, and Arnold E. Kiv. Automation of the Export Data from Open Journal Systems to the Russian Science Citation Index. [б. в.], November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2651.

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It is shown that the calculation of scientometric indicators of the scientist and also the scientific journal continues to be an actual problem nowadays. It is revealed that the leading scientometric databases have the capabilities of automated metadata collection from the scientific journal website by the use of specialized electronic document management systems, in particular Open Journal Systems. It is established that Open Journal Systems successfully exports metadata about an article from scientific journals to scientometric databases Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. However, there is no standard method of export from Open Journal Systems to such scientometric databases as the Russian Science Citation Index and Index Copernicus, which determined the need for research. The aim of the study is to develop the plug-in to the Open Journal Systems for the export of data from this system to scientometric database Russian Science Citation Index. As a result of the study, an infological model for exporting metadata from Open Journal Systems to the Russian Science Citation Index was proposed. The SirenExpo plug-in was developed to export data from Open Journal Systems to the Russian Science Citation Index by the use of the Articulus release preparation system.
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Tkachuk, Viktoriia, Serhiy Semerikov, Yuliia Yechkalo, Svitlana Khotskina, and Vladimir Soloviev. Selection of Mobile ICT for Learning Informatics of Future Professionals in Engineering Pedagogy. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4127.

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The research aims to theoretically justify and experimentally verify selection of mobile ICT for learning informatics to future professionals in engineering pedagogy. The research tasks include selecting groups of informatics subjects and mobile ICT tools for learning future professionals in engineering pedagogy. The research object involves selection of mobile ICT for the training process. The re-search subject is selection of mobile ICT for learning informatics to future professionals in engineering pedagogy. The research results imply analysis of the national and foreign researches into mobile ICT for learning informatics. The latest publications concerning selection of mobile ICT for teaching Informatics subjects (Mobile Learning Management Systems, Mobile Modeling and Programming Environments, Mobile Database Management Systems, Mobile Multimedia Authoring Tools, Audience Response Systems) are analyzed. Informatics subjects are united into 19 groups, mobile ICT tools – into five groups. The experimental research is conducted according to the syllabuses for Speciality 015.10 “Professional Education (Computer Technologies)”. The expert assessment results for each of the content blocks of informatics subjects allow determining leading and auxiliary mobile ICT teaching tools.
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Ortiz, Agustin, and Jr. Development and Implementation of an Expert System for Remotely Accessing a Relational Database. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada295400.

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Almeida, Fernanda. Legislative Pathways for Securing Community-based Property Rights. Rights and Resources Initiative, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/xmhg7144.

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Governments are increasingly recognizing Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ rights to land and resources. Despite increased recognition, there are several shortcomings in the legal frameworks through which governments formally recognize community-based property rights. Building on consultations with legal experts on community rights, recent literature, and a review of over 200 national legal instruments, this paper proposes a framework of analysis to systematically classify and evaluate legal pathways to secure recognition of community-based property rights. The framework considers five key elements common to laws recognizing community-based rights, and helps determine how these rights can be exercised and implemented in practice as well as three common legislative entry points through which legal recognition can take place. Furthermore, to illustrate the variety of legal pathways (and potential advantages and limitations of each) that have been used by national legislators to recognize community tenure rights, the paper also applies this framework to the legal frameworks (or tenure “regimes”) included in the Rights and Resources Initiative’s legal tenure rights database. It concludes that although legal recognition in national systems has advanced in the past decades, it is far from ideal, even in the best cases.
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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot, and Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.

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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”
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Borrett, Veronica, Melissa Hanham, Gunnar Jeremias, Jonathan Forman, James Revill, John Borrie, Crister Åstot, et al. Science and Technology for WMD Compliance Monitoring and Investigations. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/20/wmdce11.

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The integration of novel technologies for monitoring and investigating compliance can enhance the effectiveness of regimes related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This report looks at the potential role of four novel approaches based on recent technological advances – remote sensing tools; open-source satellite data; open-source trade data; and artificial intelligence (AI) – in monitoring and investigating compliance with WMD treaties. The report consists of short essays from leading experts that introduce particular technologies, discuss their applications in WMD regimes, and consider some of the wider economic and political requirements for their adoption. The growing number of space-based sensors is raising confidence in what open-source satellite systems can observe and record. These systems are being combined with local knowledge and technical expertise through social media platforms, resulting in dramatically improved coverage of the Earth’s surface. These open-source tools can complement and augment existing treaty verification and monitoring capabilities in the nuclear regime. Remote sensing tools, such as uncrewed vehicles, can assist investigators by enabling the remote collection of data and chemical samples. In turn, this data can provide valuable indicators, which, in combination with other data, can inform assessments of compliance with the chemical weapons regime. In addition, remote sensing tools can provide inspectors with real time two- or three-dimensional images of a site prior to entry or at the point of inspection. This can facilitate on-site investigations. In the past, trade data has proven valuable in informing assessments of non-compliance with the biological weapons regime. Today, it is possible to analyse trade data through online, public databases. In combination with other methods, open-source trade data could be used to detect anomalies in the biological weapons regime. AI and the digitization of data create new ways to enhance confidence in compliance with WMD regimes. In the context of the chemical weapons regime, the digitization of the chemical industry as part of a wider shift to Industry 4.0 presents possibilities for streamlining declarations under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and for facilitating CWC regulatory requirements.
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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.
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Winkler-Portmann, Simon. Umsetzung einer wirksamen Compliance in globalen Lieferketten am Beispiel der Anforderungen aus der europäischen Chemikalien-Regulierung an die Automobilindustrie. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627796.

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This publication based on a master thesis explores the challenges of the automotive industry regarding the European chemical regulations REACH and CLP, as well as potential improvements of the current compliance activities and the related incentives and barriers. It answers the research question: "To what extent should the compliance activities of actors in the automotive supply chain be extended in order to meet the requirements of European chemicals regulation; and where would it help to strengthen incentives in enforcement and the legal framework?“. The study’s structure is based on the transdisciplinary delta analysis of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the legal requirements and the requirements for corresponding compliance with the actual state of the actual compliance measures of the automotive players and attempts to identify their weak points (the delta). The main sources for the analysis are the legal texts and relevant court decisions as well as guideline-based expert interviews with automotive players based on Gläser & Laudel. As objects of the analysis, there are in addition answers to random enquiries according to Article 33 (2) REACH as well as the recommendations and guidelines of the industry associations. The analysis identifies the transmission of material information in the supply chain as a key problem. The global database system used for this purpose, the IMDS, shows gaps in the framework conditions. This results in compliance risk due to the dynamically developing regulation. In addition, the study identifies an incompliance of the investigated automobile manufacturers with regard to Art. 33 REACH. In answering the research question, the study recommends solutions to the automotive players that extend the current compliance activities. In addition, it offers tables and process flow diagrams, which structure the duties and required compliance measures and may serve as basic audit criteria. The analysis is carried out from an external perspective and looks at the entire industry. It therefore cannot cover all the individual peculiarities of each automotive player. As a result, the identified gaps serve only as indications for possible further compliance risks.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, James Giovannoni, and Edna Pesis. Unravelling the Mode of Action of Ripening-Specific MADS-box Genes for Development of Tools to Improve Banana Fruit Shelf-life and Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592116.bard.

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Fruit deterioration is a consequence of a genetically-determined fruit ripening and senescence programs, in which developmental factors lead to a climacteric rise of ethylene production in ethylene-sensitive fruits such as tomato and banana. Breeding of tomato with extended fruit shelf life involves the incorporation of a mutation in RIN, a MADS-box transcription factor participating in developmental control signalling of ripening. The RIN mode of action is not fully understood, and it may be predicted to interact with other MADS-box genes to execute its effects. The overall goal of this study was to demonstrate conservation of ripening control functions between banana and tomato and thus, the potential to genetically extend shelf-life in banana based on tools developed in tomato. The specific objectives were: 1. To increase the collection of potential RIN-like genes from banana; 2. To verify their action as developmental regulators; 3. To elucidate MADS-box gene mode of action in ripening control; 4. To create transgenic banana plants that express low levels of endogenous Le-RIN- like, MaMADS- gene(s). We have conducted experiments in banana as well as in tomato. In tomato we have carried out the transformation of the tomato rin mutant with the MaMADS1 and MaMADS2 banana genes. We have also developed a number of domain swap constructs to functionally examine the ripening-specific aspects of the RIN gene. Our results show the RIN-C terminal region is essential for the gene to function in the ripening signalling pathway. We have further explored the tomato genome databases and recovered an additional MADS-box gene necessary for fruit ripening. This gene has been previously termed TAGL1 but has not been functionally characterized in transgenic plants. TAGL1 is induced during ripening and we have shown via RNAi repression that it is necessary for both fleshy fruit expansion and subsequent ripening. In banana we have cloned the full length of six MaMADS box genes from banana and determined their spatial and temporal expression patterns. We have created antibodies to MaMADS2 and initiated ChI assay. We have created four types of transgenic banana plants designed to reduce the levels of two of the MaMADS box genes. Our results show that the MaMADS-box genes expression in banana is dynamically changing after harvest and most of them are induced at the onset of the climacteric peak. Most likely, different MaMADS box genes are active in the pulp and peel and they are differently affected by ethylene. Only the MaMADS2 box gene expression is not affected by ethylene indicating that this gene might act upstream to the ethylene response pathway. The complementation analysis in tomato revealed that neither MaMADS1 nor MaMADS2 complement the rin mutation suggesting that they have functionally diverged sufficiently to not be able to interact in the context of the tomato ripening regulatory machinery. The developmental signalling pathways controlling ripening in banana and tomato are not identical and/or have diverged through evolution. Nevertheless, at least the genes MaMADS1 and MaMADS2 constitute part of the developmental control of ripening in banana, since transgenic banana plants with reduced levels of these genes are delayed in ripening. The detailed effect on peel and pulp, of these transgenic plants is underway. So far, these transgenic bananas can respond to exogenous ethylene, and they seem to ripen normally. The response to ethylene suggest that in banana the developmental pathway of ripening is different than that in tomato, because rin tomatoes do not ripen in response to exogenous ethylene, although they harbor the ethylene response capability This study has a major contribution both in scientific and agricultural aspects. Scientifically, it establishes the role of MaMADS box genes in a different crop-the banana. The developmental ripening pathway in banana is similar, but yet different from that of the model plant tomato and one of the major differences is related to ethylene effect on this pathway in banana. In addition, we have shown that different components of the MaMADS-box genes are employed in peel and pulp. The transgenic banana plants created can help to further study the ripening control in banana. An important and practical outcome of this project is that we have created several banana transgenic plants with fruit of extended shelf life. These bananas clearly demonstrate the potential of MaMADS gene control for extending shelf-life, enhancing fruit quality, increasing yield in export systems and for improving food security in areas where Musaspecies are staple food crops.
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