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1

Cutajar, Timothy P., Christopher D. Portway, Grace L. Gillard, and Jodi J. L. Rowley. "Australian Frog Atlas: species’ distribution maps informed by the FrogID dataset." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 36 (June 29, 2022): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.36.2022.1789.

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We use data from the citizen science project FrogID, comprised of expert-validated, spatially accurate occurrence records of frog species across Australia, to map the known distributions of Australia’s frogs. We combined over half a million occurrence records of 209 species from the FrogID dataset with expert-checked occurrence data from the national biodiversity data aggregate (Atlas of Living Australia) and published literature, to create distribution maps for all 247 native frog species known from Australia and the introduced cane toad (Rhinella marina). These maps represent the most up-to-date, accurate and detailed set of Australian frog species maps available, and reveal species richness patterns across the continent. They are an Open Access resource for researchers, conservation practitioners and land managers, with the aim of better understanding and conserving Australia’s frogs. This is version one of the Australian Frog Atlas, which we expect to update on an approximately annual basis. The Australian Frog Atlas maps—as shapefiles and in KML format—are published online as an Open Access supplemental dataset (see Cutajar et al., 2021).
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2

ROCHE, S. E., S. COSTARD, J. MEERS, H. E. FIELD, and A. C. BREED. "Assessing the risk of Nipah virus establishment in Australian flying-foxes." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 10 (February 4, 2014): 2213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003336.

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SUMMARYNipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged zoonotic virus that causes severe disease in humans. The reservoir hosts for NiV, bats of the genus Pteropus (known as flying-foxes) are found across the Asia-Pacific including Australia. While NiV has not been detected in Australia, evidence for NiV infection has been found in flying-foxes in some of Australia's closest neighbours. A qualitative risk assessment was undertaken to assess the risk of NiV establishing in Australian flying-foxes through flying-fox movements from nearby regions. Events surrounding the emergence of new diseases are typically uncertain and in this study an expert opinion workshop was used to address gaps in knowledge. Given the difficulties in combining expert opinion, five different combination methods were analysed to assess their influence on the risk outcome. Under the baseline scenario where the median was used to combine opinions, the risk was estimated to be very low. However, this risk increased when the mean and linear opinion pooling combination methods were used. This assessment highlights the effects that different methods for combining expert opinion have on final risk estimates and the caution needed when interpreting these outcomes given the high degree of uncertainty in expert opinion. This work has provided a flexible model framework for assessing the risk of NiV establishment in Australian flying-foxes through bat movements which can be updated when new data become available.
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3

Harrigan, Peter. "Australia seeks to improve expert witriesses." Lancet 346, no. 8991-8992 (December 1995): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92856-1.

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4

Smith, Arthur. "Becoming Expert in the World of Experts: Factors Affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Participation and Career Path Development in Australian Universities." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 25, no. 2 (October 1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100002702.

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In the recent history of Australia Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders have only had widespread access to a university education for approximately 20 years. Before this, Indigenous graduates from Australian universities were relatively few. Universities were seen as complex, often alien places in Indigenous cultural terms; institutions of European Australian social empowerment and credentialling from which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff and students were virtually excluded.
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5

VALLY, H., K. GLASS, L. FORD, G. HALL, M. D. KIRK, C. SHADBOLT, M. G. K. VEITCH, K. E. FULLERTON, J. MUSTO, and N. BECKER. "Evaluation of a structured expert elicitation estimating the proportion of illness acquired by foodborne transmission for nine enteric pathogens in Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 5 (October 12, 2015): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815002435.

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SUMMARYEstimates of the proportion of illness transmitted by food for different enteric pathogens are essential for foodborne burden-of-disease studies. Owing to insufficient scientific data, a formal synthesis of expert opinion, an expert elicitation, is commonly used to produce such estimates. Eleven experts participated in an elicitation to estimate the proportion of illnesses due to food in Australia for nine pathogens over three rounds: first, based on their own knowledge alone; second, after being provided with systematic reviews of the literature and Australian data; and finally, at a workshop where experts reflected on the evidence. Estimates changed significantly across the three rounds (P= 0·002) as measured by analysis of variance. Following the workshop in round 3, estimates showed smoother distributions with significantly less variation for several pathogens. When estimates were combined to provide combined distributions for each pathogen, the width of these combined distributions reflected experts’ perceptions of the availability of evidence, with narrower intervals for pathogens for which evidence was judged to be strongest. Our findings show that the choice of expert elicitation process can significantly influence final estimates. Our structured process – and the workshop in particular – produced robust estimates and distributions appropriate for inclusion in burden-of-disease studies.
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6

Curtis, Allan, and Terry De Lacy. "Landcare in Australia: Beyond the expert farmer." Agriculture and Human Values 13, no. 1 (December 1996): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01530464.

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7

Griffin, Jonathan D., Trevor I. Allen, and Matthew C. Gerstenberger. "Seismic Hazard Assessment in Australia: Can Structured Expert Elicitation Achieve Consensus in the “Land of the Fair Go”?" Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 2A (January 2, 2020): 859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190186.

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Abstract The 2018 National Seismic Hazard Assessment of Australia incorporated 19 alternative seismic-source models developed by members of the Australian seismological community. The diversity of these models demonstrates the deep epistemic uncertainty that exists with regards to how best to characterize seismicity in stable continental regions. In the face of similarly high uncertainty, a diverse range of ground-motion models was proposed for use. A complex logic tree was developed to incorporate the alternative component models into a single hazard model. Expert opinion was drawn upon to weight the alternative logic-tree branches through a structured expert elicitation process. Expert elicitation aims to transparently and reproducibly characterize the community distribution of expert estimates for uncertain quantities and thereby quantify the epistemic uncertainty around estimates of seismic hazard in Australia. We achieve a multimodel rational consensus in which each model, and each expert, is, in accordance with the Australian cultural myth of egalitarianism, given a “fair go”—that is, judged on their merits rather than their status. Yet despite this process, we find that the results are not universally accepted. A key issue is a contested boundary between what is scientifically reducible and what remains epistemologically uncertain, with a particular focus on the earthquake catalog. Furthermore, a reduction, on average, of 72% for the 10% in 50 yr probability of exceedance peak ground acceleration levels compared with those underpinning existing building design standards, challenges the choice of metrics upon which design codes are based. Both quantification of the bounds of epistemic uncertainties through expert elicitation and reduction of epistemic uncertainties through scientific advances have changed our understanding of how the hazard behaves. Dialog between scientists, engineers, and policy makers is required to ensure that as our understanding of the hazard evolves, the hazard metrics used to underpin risk management decisions are re-evaluated to ensure societal aims are achieved.
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8

Crosby, Neil, Diana Kincaid, John Murdoch, and Anthony Lavers. "Expert valuation witnesses in Australia and the UK." Journal of Property Research 20, no. 3 (January 2003): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0959991032000141034.

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9

Zinn, C. "Australia aims for list of expert medical witnesses." BMJ 311, no. 7007 (September 16, 1995): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7007.709a.

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10

Crosby, Neil, Diana Kincaid, and John Murdoch. "The Performance of Expert Valuation Witnesses in Australia." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 7, no. 2 (January 2001): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2001.11104097.

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11

Ludwig, JA. "Expert advice for shrub control." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 2 (1988): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880100.

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SHRUBKILL is a microcomputer based decision-support system which provides expert advice on the use of fie to control non-desirable shrubs and thus improve grazing potential in the semi-arid woodlands of eastem Australia. Pescribed fire is argued to be the only economically viable management option for broad-scale shrub control in these rangelands. Management decisions about "when" and "how" to bum and the cost and expected economic benefit of buming involve answering many difficult questions which can be aided by the advice of experts. However, these experts are not always available to give on-the-spot advice to managers. SHRUBKILL is a decision-support system that has incorporated the knowledge of fire-experts in an easy-to-use microcomputer program to: advise the user on what the "expert" would have recommended; provide detailed information supporting the expert's recommendation; and give summaries of the consultation. SHRUBKILL was written in BASIC on an IBM Personal Computer but it will run on IBMPC compatibles.
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12

Morgan, Emily H., and Tony Worsley. "Expert Perspectives on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Australia." American Journal of Health Promotion 26, no. 1 (September 2011): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.090615-qual-189.

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13

Long, Randall, and Stephen Allison. "Expert leadership of eating disorder services in South Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 24, no. 3 (June 2016): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216634823.

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14

Kalancha, I. "PARTICIPATION OF EXPERTS IN JUDICIAL CONSIDERATION OF CRIMINAL CASES – INNOVATIVE APPROACH." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2018): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.10.

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This article deals with topical issues of innovative enhancement of expert participation in criminal proceedings. It is identified the problematic questions of an expert’s examination during the trial to clarify or supplement its conclusion in accordance with Section 7, Article 101 CPC of Ukraine. It has been learned the experience of distance communication with court experts in Australia and Spain as well as took into account the shortage of personnel in the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. On this basis, it is proposed to consolidate the Criminal procedure code of Ukraine and to technically provide a remote procedure for the participation of experts during criminal proceedings. It has been suggested for experts to be involved in criminal proceedings through an electronic exchange of data between the court’s systems and experts. In order to accomplish these tasks, it is proposed to develop an electronic system based on the Register of Certified Forensic Experts. This system should provide the following: maintaining a register of forensic experts and reflecting the types of expertise that the expert can carry out and the level of workload of the expert; exchange of electronic procedural documents with the subjects of criminal proceedings; distance communication with the court. An electronic expert system should also include: automatic examination of the expert’s authority when conducting an electronic examination procedure appointment; authentication on the basis of an electronic signature in the manner prescribed by law; creation of electronic conclusions of experts, their signing by electronic signature, and exchange of electronic procedural documents with the subjects of criminal proceedings. The article describes the introduction of an electronic criminal procedure for the appointment of an expert examination so that the expert receives access to the necessary criminal investigation information through a personal virtual office in the electronic system. Key words: criminal proceedings, subjects of criminal proceedings, register of forensic experts, types of forensic examinations, electronic procedural documents.
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15

Spigelman, Allan D., Shane Rendalls, Mary-Louise McLaws, and Ashleigh Gray. "Antimicrobial stewardship: Australia." International Journal of Health Governance 21, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-02-2016-0010.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the context for strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance in Australia, which may provide valuable learnings for other jurisdictions. Design/methodology/approach – Non-systematic review of literature from websites of national, state and territory health departments and interviews with key stakeholders for Australian strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Findings – In July 2015 all states and territories in Australia adopted the National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015-2019, which is built on the World Health Organization policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance. This strategy represents “the collective, expert views of stakeholders on how best to combat antimicrobial resistance in Australia. It will also support global and regional efforts, recognising that no single country can manage the threat of antimicrobial resistance alone”. It combines quantitative and qualitative monitoring strategies with frameworks and guidelines to improve management of the use of antimicrobial resistant drugs. Prior to this, health services and states developed and implemented initiatives aimed at monitoring and improving prescribing practices. Development of the national strategy has encouraged and fostered debate within the Australian health system and a raft of new policy initiatives. Research limitations/implications – Surveillance strategies are in place to monitor impact and trends at jurisdictional and sector levels. However, actual impact on antimicrobial resistance and prescribing practices remains to be seen as existing initiatives are expanded and new initiatives implemented. Practical implications – This overview of key Australian initiatives balancing quantitative and qualitative surveillance, accreditation, research, education, community awareness and price signals on antibiotic prescribing practices may be valuable to health systems in developing local strategies. Originality/value – The authors provide an up to date overview of the context, strategies and aims of antimicrobial stewardship in Australia.
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16

Madden, Richard, Nicola Fortune, and Julie Gordon. "Health Statistics in Australia: What We Know and Do Not Know." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 4959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094959.

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Australia is a federation of six states and two territories (the States). These eight governmental entities share responsibility for health and health services with the Australian Government. Mortality statistics, including causes of death, have been collected since the late 19th century, with national data produced by the (now) Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from 1907. Each State introduced hospital in-patient statistics, assisted by State offices of the ABS. Beginning in the 1970s, the ABS conducts regular health surveys, including specific collections on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Overall, Australia now has a comprehensive array of health statistics, published regularly without political or commercial interference. Privacy and confidentiality are guaranteed by legislation. Data linkage has grown and become widespread. However, there are gaps, as papers in this issue demonstrate. Most notably, data on primary care patients and encounters reveal stark gaps. This paper accompanies a range of papers from expert authors across the health statistics spectrum in Australia. It is hoped that the collection of papers will inform interested readers and stand as a comprehensive review of the strengths and weaknesses of Australian health statistics in the early 2020s.
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17

Geyle, Hayley M., John C. Z. Woinarski, G. Barry Baker, Chris R. Dickman, Guy Dutson, Diana O. Fisher, Hugh Ford, et al. "Quantifying extinction risk and forecasting the number of impending Australian bird and mammal extinctions." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 2 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18006.

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A critical step towards reducing the incidence of extinction is to identify and rank the species at highest risk, while implementing protective measures to reduce the risk of extinction to such species. Existing global processes provide a graded categorisation of extinction risk. Here we seek to extend and complement those processes to focus more narrowly on the likelihood of extinction of the most imperilled Australian birds and mammals. We considered an extension of existing IUCN and NatureServe criteria, and used expert elicitation to rank the extinction risk to the most imperilled species, assuming current management. On the basis of these assessments, and using two additional approaches, we estimated the number of extinctions likely to occur in the next 20 years. The estimates of extinction risk derived from our tighter IUCN categorisations, NatureServe assessments and expert elicitation were poorly correlated, with little agreement among methods for which species were most in danger – highlighting the importance of integrating multiple approaches when considering extinction risk. Mapped distributions of the 20 most imperilled birds reveal that most are endemic to islands or occur in southern Australia. The 20 most imperilled mammals occur mostly in northern and central Australia. While there were some differences in the forecasted number of extinctions in the next 20 years among methods, all three approaches predict further species loss. Overall, we estimate that another seven Australian mammals and 10 Australian birds will be extinct by 2038 unless management improves.
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18

Gray, Kristy L., Mayya Grebenshchikova, Sharleen L. O’Reilly, Lois McKellar, Peter M. Clifton, and Jennifer B. Keogh. "Development and Validation of an Online Survey to Assess Perception of Diabetes Risk and Barriers and Facilitators to Weight Loss Following Gestational Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020480.

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Our objective was to describe the development and validation of a survey investigating barriers to weight loss, perception of diabetes risk, and views of diet strategies following gestational diabetes (GDM). The survey underwent three stages of development: generation of items, expert evaluation, and pilot testing. A content validation index (CVI) was calculated from expert responses regarding item relevance, coherence, clarity, and response options. Experts also responded to the domain fit of questions linked to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Pilot responders answered the survey and responded to review questions. Six experts in the field of nutrition, midwifery, psychology, or other health or medical research completed the expert review stage of the survey. In the pilot test, there were 20 responders who were women with previous GDM and who were living in Australia. The overall CVI from the expert review was 0.91. All questions except one received an I-CVI of >0.78 for relevance (n = 35). Fourteen of the 27 items linked to the TDF received an agreement ratio of <1.0. Twenty-seven of the 31 pilot questions were completed by ≥90% of responders. Pilot review questions revealed an agreement percentage of ≥86% (n = 12) regarding the survey’s ease to complete, understand, importance, length, and interest level. The final survey tool consists of 30 items and achieved content validation through expert evaluation and pilot testing.
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Gray, Kristy L., Mayya Grebenshchikova, Sharleen L. O’Reilly, Lois McKellar, Peter M. Clifton, and Jennifer B. Keogh. "Development and Validation of an Online Survey to Assess Perception of Diabetes Risk and Barriers and Facilitators to Weight Loss Following Gestational Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020480.

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Our objective was to describe the development and validation of a survey investigating barriers to weight loss, perception of diabetes risk, and views of diet strategies following gestational diabetes (GDM). The survey underwent three stages of development: generation of items, expert evaluation, and pilot testing. A content validation index (CVI) was calculated from expert responses regarding item relevance, coherence, clarity, and response options. Experts also responded to the domain fit of questions linked to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Pilot responders answered the survey and responded to review questions. Six experts in the field of nutrition, midwifery, psychology, or other health or medical research completed the expert review stage of the survey. In the pilot test, there were 20 responders who were women with previous GDM and who were living in Australia. The overall CVI from the expert review was 0.91. All questions except one received an I-CVI of >0.78 for relevance (n = 35). Fourteen of the 27 items linked to the TDF received an agreement ratio of <1.0. Twenty-seven of the 31 pilot questions were completed by ≥90% of responders. Pilot review questions revealed an agreement percentage of ≥86% (n = 12) regarding the survey’s ease to complete, understand, importance, length, and interest level. The final survey tool consists of 30 items and achieved content validation through expert evaluation and pilot testing.
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20

Sung, Billy, Ian Phau, Isaac Cheah, and Kevin Teah. "Critical success factors of public health sponsorship in Australia." Health Promotion International 35, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day107.

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Abstract Public health sponsorship is a unique phenomenon in Australia. The current research examines the critical success factors of Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation’s (Healthway) sponsorship program, Australia’s largest public health sponsorship program. Using stakeholder interviews and expert observational studies, two studies present five key success factors: (i) effective segmentation and targeting of health messages; (ii) collaboration between Healthway and partnering organization to leverage sponsored events; (iii) displacement of unhealth sponsorship; (iv) use of leveraging strategies to raise awareness of health messages; and (v) environmental changes that facilitate behavioural change. The current research provides insights into how and why sponsorship is an effective public health promotion tool.
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21

Alderman, Belle. "Lu Rees Archives of Australian Children’s Literature." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2012vol22no1art1136.

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A modest idea can achieve extraordinary results where there is vision and resolve. This was the case with the Lu Rees Archives of Australian Children’s Literature. In 2011, an external expert assessed the significance of the Archives, reporting that in its 40-year existence, ‘it has established a firm reputation among researchers, students, bibliographers, librarians and the general public as one of the most important collections of children’s literature in Australia’ (Powell, 2011, p.1).
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22

Kurtboke, Ipek. "Microbial systematics." Microbiology Australia 32, no. 2 (2011): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma11058.

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This special issue of Microbiology Australia covers microbial systematics. In guest-editing this issue my intention has been to bring world experts together to discuss the past, present and future of microbial systematics with a view on the technical and theoretical advancements in the field. While the global debate continues on how to define ?microbial species? in the light of recent advances, expert authors contribute insights into how sound taxonomical analyses can benefit this process of redefinition.
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Parrott, Louise. "Considering Canadian Approaches to Equality in the Context of Constitutional Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples." Federal Law Review 41, no. 1 (March 2013): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.41.1.6.

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In the context of proposals to amend the Australian Constitution to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the Expert Panel established by the Australian Government recommended the insertion of a prohibition of racial discrimination. Canadian experiences may assist when exploring the potential implications of prohibiting discrimination in the Australian Constitution and when considering the various options that are available. With this in mind, in this article I discuss the constitutional ideas regarding equality and non-discrimination that have already begun migrating from Canada to Australia and could continue to inform Australian consideration of the numerous issues that may arise. I start with an appraisal of the perceived problems surrounding s 51(xxvi) of the Australian Constitution and the reform options that have already been identified, before considering what Canadian approaches could offer Australia, if anything. My view is that the utility of the transplantation of constitutional provisions depends on the starting point. Its usefulness may be less when the focus is a parochial issue. While it may be possible to draft a tighter prohibition, there could remain a risk that focusing on non-discrimination could overshadow the Aboriginal rights dimensions underlying many calls for recognition.
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Rowley, Jodi J. L., and Corey T. Callaghan. "The FrogID dataset: expert-validated occurrence records of Australia’s frogs collected by citizen scientists." ZooKeys 912 (February 17, 2020): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.912.38253.

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This dataset represents expert-validated occurrence records of calling frogs across Australia collected via the national citizen science project FrogID (http://www.frogid.net.au). FrogID relies on participants recording calling frogs using smartphone technology, after which point the frogs are identified by expert validators, resulting in a database of georeferenced frog species records. This dataset represents one full year of the project (10 November 2017–9 November 2018), including 54,864 records of 172 species, 71% of the known frog species in Australia. This is the first instalment of the dataset, and we anticipate providing updated datasets on an annual basis.
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Sujai, Mahpud. "Mendorong Sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Baru di Indonesia; Belajar dari Pengalaman Australia." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 17, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v17i3.16.

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Significant change of Indonesian economy has lead to the need of people more than just basic need such as food and clothes. Others such as health and education have become a must for Indonesian. Anticipating this condition, government will implement new universal coverage health system in 2014 as mandated by law. This paper has objectives to explore several aspects which contribute or influence to the policy formulation and implementation, particularly in designing new health insurance system in Indonesia and learning from Australian experience and best practice. Methodology used in this paper is both primary research such as in depth interview with some health economist, expert form universities, government researcher as well as observation to the organization that manage health system in Australia and secondary research by doing literature review of health insurance system, benchmarking, compare and contrast the health insurance system in Indonesia and Australia and analyze the best and suitable ones for implemented in the future. There are several interesting findings that can be recommended such as Australian health reform and relationship between public and private health system.
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26

Potent, Keith. "The future of phage clinical trials in Australia." Microbiology Australia 40, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma19004.

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Australia is well positioned to conduct clinical trials in phage-based technology. Despite challenges with translating phage therapy to mainstream medicine, our regulations are designed for safe and innovative development. Recent success indicates that Australia is ideal for conducting further phage clinical trials. There are also expert clinical research organisations and generous tax incentives.
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Malsch, Marijke, and Ian Freckelton. "Expert Bias and Partisanship: A Comparison Between Australia and the Netherlands." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 11, no. 1 (March 2005): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.11.1.42.

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McPharlin, Nancy, Hugh Stewart, Deanna Gibbs, Holly Bowen-Salter, and Kobie Boshoff. "Neonatal Occupational Therapy in Australia: A Survey and Recommendations for Developing Guidelines for Clinical Practice." Allied Health Scholar 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/tahs.v1i1.1558.

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Aim and Background: Occupational Therapists form an essential part of the development and care of infants and families in Neonatal Units (NNU) across the world, however, little is documented about their practice in Australia. This article aims to develop a greater understanding of the role of Occupational Therapy in NNU in Australia, compared with international practice guidelines, and recommends the adoption of UK guidelines until Australia specific guidelines emerge. Method: An online questionnaire was developed from a systematic scoping review and piloted by an expert panel. Invitations were sent to thirty Occupational Therapists working in NNUs around Australia. Data analysis included using descriptive statistics and qualitative themes. Results: Twenty two (73%) of NNU Occupational Therapists responded to the survey, representing all levels of NNU. Results describe the current Occupational Therapy role in Australia as encompassing assessment, intervention, teamwork and a variety of ‘other’ activities, all of which required advanced knowledge, skills and paediatric experience, and involved ongoing high-level professional development. Occupational Therapy has a unique role to play in neonatal units. Future development of the role is reliant upon good advocacy and promotion, specialised training opportunities, prospects for networking, support and mentorship for the many Therapists working part-time, and ongoing research. The Australian Occupational Therapy NNU role compares similarly with those cited internationally (UK & US). The development of guidelines for evidence based clinical practice of neonatal Occupational Therapy in Australia was highly sought by clinicians. The adoption of the ‘Occupational Therapy in neonatal services and early intervention: practice guideline’ (RCOT 2017) is proposed until the emergence of specific Australian guidelines.
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Silcock, J. L., A. R. Field, N. G. Walsh, and R. J. Fensham. "To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora." Oryx 54, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318001357.

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AbstractExtinction is a profound biological event, yet despite its finality it can be difficult to verify and many frameworks have been proposed to define formally that extinction has occurred. For most taxonomic groups and regions there is no reliable list of species considered to be probably or possibly extinct. The record of plant extinctions in Australia is no exception, characterized by high turn-over within lists, low transparency of attribution and lack of consistency between jurisdictions. This makes it impossible to evaluate how many plant taxa have become extinct in Australia. We present an ecological framework for assessing the likelihood of plant extinctions, based on taxonomic soundness, degree of habitat modification, detectability and search effort, underpinned by the best available expert knowledge. We show that, in sharp contrast to both the fate of the Australian fauna and prevailing assumptions, only 12 of 71 plant taxa currently listed as or assumed to be extinct are considered probably extinct, and a further 21 possibly extinct. Twenty taxa listed as or assumed to be extinct have dubious taxonomy or occurrence in Australia, and the remaining 18 taxa are considered possibly extant and further surveys are required to ascertain their status. The list of probably and possibly extinct plants is dwarfed by the number thought extinct but rediscovered since 1980. Our method can be used for vascular floras in other regions characterized by well-documented and curated floras and high levels of expert knowledge, and provides a transparent platform for assessing changes in the status of biodiversity.
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Cheng, I.-Hao, Sayed Wahidi, Shiva Vasi, and Sophia Samuel. "Importance of community engagement in primary health care: the case of Afghan refugees." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 3 (2015): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13137.

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Refugees can experience problems accessing and utilising Australian primary health care services, resulting in suboptimal health outcomes. Little is known about the impact of their pre-migration health care experiences. This paper demonstrates how the Afghan pre-migration experiences of primary health care can affect engagement with Australian primary care services. It considers the implications for Australian primary health care policy, planning and delivery. This paper is based on the international experiences, insights and expert opinions of the authors, and is underpinned by literature on Afghan health-seeking behaviour. Importantly, Afghanistan and Australia have different primary health care strategies. In Afghanistan, health care is predominantly provided through a community-based outreach approach, namely through community health workers residing in the local community. In contrast, the Australian health care system requires client attendance at formal health service facilities. This difference contributes to service access and utilisation problems. Community engagement is essential to bridge the gap between the Afghan community and Australian primary health care services. This can be achieved through the health sector working to strengthen partnerships between Afghan individuals, communities and health services. Enhanced community engagement has the potential to improve the delivery of primary health care to the Afghan community in Australia.
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Maroske, Sara. "Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley 1922–2011." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19003.

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Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley disliked the word ‘seaweed’, and objected every time it was spoken in his presence. To him algae were not ‘weeds’ but beautiful organisms, well worthy of making the subject of a lifetime of scientific study. As was common in the middle of the twentieth century, Womersley did not begin his career as a phycologist, but rather found himself specialising in this life form after discovering how richly represented and little known it was along the coast of southern Australia. In his seventy-year association with the University of Adelaide, Bryan transformed the study of phycology in Australia, attracting a pool of talented students to contribute to his grand project of a marine benthic flora of southern Australia, and to carry the study of algae forward into the next generation. Being a pioneer in the field gave him opportunities for ground-breaking research and an overview of the discipline as it developed, positioning him as the leading expert on Australian algae in the international phycological community.
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Quanchi, Max. "‘Record of my journeyings in the Coral Sea’: Randolph Bedford’s 1906 album of the Solomon Islands." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00014_1.

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Albums and scrapbooks are rarely the focus of research. This article examines the motivation and context for a unique and rare album compiled by a ‘special correspondent’ – George Randolph Bedford, an aspiring Federal politician, journalist and writer – who visited the Solomon Islands in 1906 on a personal fact-finding mission. His scrapbook contains 212 photographs and a series of articles on the Solomon Islands that he had published in illustrated weekend newspapers in Australia in 1906 and early 1907. The Australian colonies had just federated, Britain had just passed control of Papua to Australia and, in the New Hebrides, Britain and France were about to announce a condominium had been formed. Tonga, Niue and the Cook Islands were also the subject of imperial manoeuvring. In Queensland, Kanakas were being sent home as the labour trade was abolished. The scrapbook is therefore a window on to imperial diplomacy, colonial expansion and Australian visions of a relationship with the Pacific, the boom in illustrated newspapers, early photography and personal ambition to become an expert on the islands.
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Cowie, Christine T., Amanda J. Wheeler, Joy S. Tripovich, Ana Porta-Cubas, Martine Dennekamp, Sotiris Vardoulakis, Michele Goldman, Melissa Sweet, Penny Howard, and Fay Johnston. "Policy Implications for Protecting Health from the Hazards of Fire Smoke. A Panel Discussion Report from the Workshop Landscape Fire Smoke: Protecting Health in an Era of Escalating Fire Risk." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115702.

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Globally, and nationally in Australia, bushfires are expected to increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change. To date, protection of human health from fire smoke has largely relied on individual-level actions. Recent bushfires experienced during the Australian summer of 2019–2020 occurred over a prolonged period and encompassed far larger geographical areas than previously experienced, resulting in extreme levels of smoke for extended periods of time. This particular bushfire season resulted in highly challenging conditions, where many people were unable to protect themselves from smoke exposures. The Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research (CAR), an Australian research centre, hosted a two-day symposium, Landscape Fire Smoke: Protecting health in an era of escalating fire risk, on 8 and 9 October 2020. One component of the symposium was a dedicated panel discussion where invited experts were asked to examine alternative policy settings for protecting health from fire smoke hazards with specific reference to interventions to minimise exposure, protection of outdoor workers, and current systems for communicating health risk. This paper documents the proceedings of the expert panel and participant discussion held during the workshop.
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Trigger, David, and Robert Blowes. "Anthropologists, Lawyers and Issues for Expert Witnesses: Native Title Claims in Australia." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.787151073p934186.

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Social scientists such as anthropologists, linguists and historians play an important role in researching and producing genealogies, reports and other claim materials which are submitted as evidence in native title claims. Being expert witnesses for Aboriginal claimants (or any other party) means that they may also be cross-examined on their evidence by opposing counsel. The recent Federal Court decision Daniel v State of Western Australia (the ‘Daniel case’2) highlights the need to carefully manage communications which occur in the course of researching, documenting and conducting native title claims; the case raises the issue of avoiding (or delaying) the loss of the protection of ‘client privilege’3 for confidential documents such as anthropological field notes and other primary research materials. The central issue is whether various documents can be kept confidential, and if so, for how long.
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Straker, Leon, Erin Kaye Howie, Dylan Paul Cliff, Melanie T. Davern, Lina Engelen, Sjaan R. Gomersall, Jenny Ziviani, Natasha K. Schranz, Tim Olds, and Grant Ryan Tomkinson. "Australia and Other Nations Are Failing to Meet Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children: Implications and a Way Forward." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 2 (February 2016): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0026.

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Background:Australia has joined a growing number of nations that have evaluated the physical activity and sedentary behavior status of their children. Australia received a “D minus” in the first Active Healthy Kids Australia Physical Activity Report Card.Methods:An expert subgroup of the Australian Report Card Research Working Group iteratively reviewed available evidence to answer 3 questions: (a) What are the main sedentary behaviors of children? (b) What are the potential mechanisms for sedentary behavior to impact child health and development? and (c) What are the effects of different types of sedentary behaviors on child health and development?Results:Neither sedentary time nor screen time is a homogeneous activity likely to result in homogenous effects. There are several mechanisms by which various sedentary behaviors may positively or negatively affect cardiometabolic, neuromusculoskeletal, and psychosocial health, though the strength of evidence varies. National surveillance systems and mechanistic, longitudinal, and experimental studies are needed for Australia and other nations to improve their grade.Conclusions:Despite limitations, available evidence is sufficiently convincing that the total exposure and pattern of exposure to sedentary behaviors are critical to the healthy growth, development, and wellbeing of children. Nations therefore need strategies to address these common behaviors.
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Panizzon, Debra Lee, Stephen Keast, Ian Mitchell, and John Loughran. "EXPLICATING THE ELUSIVE ‘PEDAGOGICAL REASONING’ OF EXPERT TEACHERS OF SCIENCE." Educere et Educare 13, no. 30 (December 22, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/educare.v13i30.18780.

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Quality teaching that enhances student learning and engagement in science is a focus for all educational systems. Whether fuelled by the results from international studies, such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), or from what is already evident from the research, highly skilled teachers can greatly improve the educational outcomes of students (MOURSHED, CHIJIOKE & BARBER, 2010). It is this fundamental principle that underpins the recent development and implementation of the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers (APSTs), which identify explicitly the qualities that teachers are expected to demonstrate in each of four career stages: Graduate, Proficient, Highly Accomplished, and Lead (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership [AITSL], 2012). Underpinning teacher quality in at least four of these standards is the elusive tacit or pedagogical knowledge that is held and used by ‘expert’ teachers of science in their teaching. The study discussed in this paper set out to explicate the knowledge or ‘pedagogical reasoning’ brought to a teaching context by expert teachers as they plan to teach science. The three-year longitudinal study incorporated two cohorts of teachers representing elementary and high school teachers of science (N = 40) in one state in Australia. Data were collected from audio recordings of pairs of teachers as they designed units of work, interviews with pairs of teachers, and other ad hoc data collected during workshops conducted with the teachers throughout the study. Analyses of these data revealed non-linear, complex, and rapid interactions between five distinct, but richly connected focal concepts that comprise teachers’ pedagogical reasoning. The five focal concepts were termed: Big Ideas; Student Engagement; Quality Learners and Quality Learning; Contextual Constraints and Opportunities; and, Teacher Personal and Professional Identity. The study illustrates the rich web of professional wisdom and pedagogical reasoning that underpins the classroom practices of expert teachers of science and why this knowledge is crucial to understand if we are to nurture our next generation of teachers of science.
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Mastronardo, Chanelle, Douglas Wong, Sandra Grace, Azharuddin Fazalbhoy, and Lee Muddle. "Preparing osteopathy graduates for future careers: A review of osteopathic education in Australia." Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-Professional Journal 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v23i1.475.

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Introduction: Osteopathy in Australia faces an uncertain future as an unprecedented number of graduates enter the profession. While most are destined to work in private practice, workforce data suggests that limited career diversity and practitioner maldistribution are associated with growing rates of job dissatisfaction and professional attrition. Cultivating employability skills that promote diverse careers is the responsibility of education providers, yet it is unclear whether existing osteopathy programs are achieving this. Our aim was to determine if osteopathic curricula provide the employability skills required to prepare graduates for diverse careers.Methods: This study was conducted as part of a larger project by RMIT University and Osteopathy Australia entitled “Strategic plan for the osteopathy profession 2030”. A two-part approach was utilised. Part A involved a comparison of core learning outcomes (contained within current Australian osteopathy curricula) against key employability skills required for success in a diverse range of careers. A consensus development panel was consulted in Part B to capture the perspectives of experts in the field. Results: Content analysis and expert panel discussions identified the curricula has a strong focus on critical thinking, communication and problem solving and less focus on teamwork, leadership, initiative and enterprise and technological skills. Furthermore, osteopathy programs offer limited elective and micro-credentialing opportunities. Conclusions: Career diversity and increased job satisfaction for osteopathy graduates may be achieved by empowering them with the skills to succeed in careers beyond private practice. This calls for curriculum reforms and expanded elective and micro-credentialing options to enable students to broaden their skills and widen their options.
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Rosen, Alan, Roger Gurr, and Paul Fanning. "The future of community-centred health services in Australia: lessons from the mental health sector." Australian Health Review 34, no. 1 (2010): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09741.

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•It is apparent that hospital-dominated health care produces limited health outcomes and is an unsustainable health care system strategy. •Community-centred health care has been demonstrated to be a more cost-efficient and cost-effective alternative to hospital-centred care, particularly for prevention and care of persistent, long-term or recurrent conditions. Nevertheless, hospital-centred services continue to dominate health care services in Australia, and some state governments have presided over a retreat from, or even dismantling of, community health services. •The reasons for these trends are explored. •The future of community health services in Australia is uncertain, and in some states under serious threat. We consider lessons from the partial dismantling of Australian community mental health services, despite a growing body of Australian and international studies finding in their favour. •Community-centred health services should be reconceptualised and resourced as the centre of gravity of local, effective and affordable health care services for Australia. A growing international expert consensus suggests that such community-centred health services should be placed in the centre of their communities, closely linked or collocated where possible with primary health care, and functionally integrated with their respective hospital-based services. What is known about the topic?Community-centred health care has been widely demonstrated to be a more cost-efficient and cost-effective alternative to hospital-centred care, particularly for prevention and care of persistent, long-term or recurrent conditions, e.g. in mental health service systems. A growing international expert consensus suggests that such community-centred health services should be placed in the centre of their communities, closely linked or collocated where possible with primary health care, and functionally integrated with their respective hospital-based services. What does this paper add?Despite this global consensus, hospital-centred services continue to dominate health care services in Australia, and some state governments have presided over a retreat from, or even dismantling of, community health services. The reasons for these trends and possible solutions are explored. What are the implications for practitioners?Unless this trend is reversed, the loss of convenient public access to community health services at shopping and transport hubs and the consequent compromising of intensive home-based clinical care, will lead to a deterioration of preventative interventions and the health care of long-term conditions, contrary to international studies and reviews.
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McKee, Alan. "The criteria used by key decision makers in Australia to judge the academic quality of NTROs." Media International Australia 177, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x20921565.

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Thirty experts in the assessment of the quality of Non-Traditional Research Outputs (NTROs) as academic research outputs were asked to rate the importance of 19 criteria that might be used in making these judgements. Analysis of responses identified four criteria where there is substantial agreement among the community of experts: (a) demonstrated familiarity in the research statement with the current state of knowledge in the relevant academic disciplines (very important); (b) demonstrated familiarity in the research statement with the current state of knowledge in the relevant industry (important); (c) evidence that the work has been engaged with by other academic researchers (relevant); (d) whether the NTRO creator is a substantive university staff member or an adjunct/honorary (unimportant). Fifteen other criteria either reached a less than ‘fair’ level of agreement, or larger numbers of respondents nominated ‘It depends’. Qualitative analysis of comments also revealed noteworthy disagreements in the expert community about how the criteria should be applied.
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Dietrich, Timo, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele, Lisa Schuster, and Jason Connor. "Co-designing social marketing programs." Journal of Social Marketing 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-01-2015-0004.

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Purpose – Most alcohol education programs are designed by experts, with the target audience largely excluded from this process. Theoretically, application of co-creation which comprises co-design and co-production offers an opportunity to better orient programs to meet audience needs and wants and thereby enhance program outcomes. To date, research has centered on value co-creation, with content co-design receiving limited research attention. This study aims to understand how a target audience would design an intervention and continues by contrasting an audience-designed program with the earlier implemented expert-designed program. Design/methodology/approach – Six co-design sessions were conducted with 58 Year 10 adolescents, aged between 14-16 years old, who had participated in Game On: Know Alcohol, a program developed by experts to address binge drinking. The data were content analyzed. Findings – Analysis revealed that a co-designed program would differ substantially from the expert-driven Game On: Know Alcohol program recently trialed. The results indicate that adolescents prefer interactive activities that engage and challenge. Three alternative program solutions, catering to identified segments in the target audience, are suggested for future implementation and evaluation. Research limitations/implications – This sample is limited to adolescents from Catholic schools in one state of Australia, and future research is recommended to extend findings beyond this group. This study is limited to establishment of audience (adolescent) preferences, and future experimental field research is needed to develop, implement and evaluate a co-designed program. Originality/value – This study details a co-design process highlighting differences between expert-designed and audience-designed programs. Future research investigating whether a co-designed program will deliver superior outcomes to an expert-designed program is recommended.
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Vafeas, Caroline, Elisabeth Jacob, and Alycia Jacob. "A younger onset dementia toolkit: Innovative practice." Dementia 19, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 1299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301217738402.

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A diagnosis of younger onset dementia requires specific care tailored to the individual and the family. Dementia care workers often do not have the skills and experience necessary to offer this care within the residential and community environment. This article reports the development of an interactive resource to educate those employed to care for people living with younger onset dementia. Prescription for Life, a talking e-Flipbook was developed and piloted in two states of Australia. Feedback from the pilots was incorporated in the resource prior to a national rollout. The project was supported by an expert panel, including experts from national aged care providers.
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Rockliffe, Nigel, Marcus Wigan, and Howard Quinlan. "Developing Database of Nationwide Freight Flows for Australia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1625, no. 1 (January 1998): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1625-19.

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Data on freight vehicle and commodity flows in Australia are poorly covered by official statistics, yet for many strategic purposes the analyst requires a nationwide picture of commodity flows. FreightInfo satisfies this requirement. FreightInfo is a database based on a combination of assembly techniques: the expert development of secondary data from existing national data collections, the systematic identification of major flow sources and sinks, and a rolling program of field data collection from freight consignors, consignees, and carriers. These are integrated into a coherent and consistent database covering the whole of Australia by all modes. A description of FreightInfo is presented, its creation is described, and some aggregate results relating to Australia are presented.
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Kurtböke, İpek, Nina Chanishvili, and Jeremy J. Barr. "Bacteriophages." Microbiology Australia 40, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma19002.

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In order to avoid a return to the pre-antibiotic era, alternative treatments to combat microbial diseases are urgently needed. In this context, bacteriophages, which have been used effectively in distant parts of the world during the cold war era, are now gaining significant interest in the West. This special issue of the Microbiology Australia thus focusses on bacteriophages with contributions from Australia and from the members of the Expert round table on acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy.
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Spence, Alison, Penelope Love, Rebecca Byrne, Amy Wakem, Louisa Matwiejczyk, Amanda Devine, Rebecca Golley, and Ros Sambell. "Childcare Food Provision Recommendations Vary across Australia: Jurisdictional Comparison and Nutrition Expert Perspectives." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186793.

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Early childhood is a critical stage for nutrition promotion, and childcare settings have the potential for wide-reaching impact on food intake. There are currently no Australian national guidelines for childcare food provision, and the comparability of existing guidelines across jurisdictions is unknown. This project aimed to map and compare childcare food provision guidelines and to explore perspectives amongst early childhood nutrition experts for alignment of jurisdictional childcare food provision guidelines with the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG). A desktop review was conducted and formed the basis of an online survey. A national convenience sample of childhood nutrition experts was surveyed. Existing guideline recommendations for food group serving quantities were similar across jurisdictions but contained many minor differences. Of the 49 survey respondents, most (84–100%) agreed with aligning food group provision recommendations to provide at least 50% of the recommended ADG serves for children. Most (94%) agreed that discretionary foods should be offered less than once per month or never. Jurisdictional childcare food provision guidelines do not currently align, raising challenges for national accreditation and the provision of support and resources for services across jurisdictions. Childhood nutrition experts support national alignment of food provision guidelines with the ADG.
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Kok, David L., Annie Wang, Wen Xu, Margaret S. T. Chua, Alexander Guminski, Michael Veness, Julie Howle, et al. "The changing paradigm of managing Merkel cell carcinoma in Australia: An expert commentary." Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 16, no. 6 (August 5, 2020): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajco.13407.

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46

Degeling, Chris, Jane Johnson, Michael Ward, Andrew Wilson, and Gwendolyn Gilbert. "A Delphi Survey and Analysis of Expert Perspectives on One Health in Australia." EcoHealth 14, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-017-1264-7.

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47

BinDhim, Nasser F., Kevin McGeechan, Anwar K. T. Alanazi, Hossam M. S. Alanazi, Sasoun A. J. Alanazi, Solaiman M. Al-Hadlaq, Hisham Aljadhey, et al. "Evaluating the pictorial warnings on tobacco products in Arabian Gulf countries against other international pictorial warnings." Tobacco Control 27, no. 3 (May 12, 2017): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053323.

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BackgroundFew assessments of pictorial warnings (PWs) on cigarette packs implemented in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been done.MethodsThis article includes two cross-sectional studies. In Study 1, convenience samples of adults from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (n=111) and USA (n=115) participated in a consumer survey to rate a total of nine PWs from the GCC, Australia and the UK. Outcome measures were affective responses to PWs and concerns about smoking. In Study 2, tobacco control experts (n=14) from multiple countries rated the same PWs on a potential efficacy scale and completed one open-ended question about each. The PWs were altered to mask their country of origin. Analyses compared ranking on multiple outcomes and examined ratings by country of origin and by smoking status.ResultsIn the consumer survey, participants from both countries rated the PWs from GCC lower than PWs from other countries on the two measures. The mixed-model analysis showed significant differences between the PWs from Australia and those from the GCC and between the PWs from the UK and those from the GCC (p<0.001) in the consumer and expert samples. The experts’ comments about the PWs implemented in the GCC were negative overall and confirmed previously identified themes about effective PWs.ConclusionThis study shows PWs originating from the GCC had significantly lower ratings than those implemented in Australia and the UK. The GCC countries may need to re-evaluate the currently implemented PWs and update them periodically.
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48

Devanesen, Dr Sherene. "The Hong Kong SARS report: an Australian perspective." Australian Health Review 26, no. 3 (2003): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah030019a.

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I was appointed to the Hong Kong SARS Expert Committee in my capacity as the President of theRoyal Australasian College of Medical Administrators. This commentary on my experience was writtenwith a view to considering how Australia would respond to a similar outbreak.
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Mekhdiev, Elnur T., Igbal A. Guliev, and Yulia V. Solovova. "Shale oil and ecology in Australia – the search for balance." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/27319.

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Today Australia is one of the main mineral resources exporters in Asia. Besides, the country possesses huge reserves of shale oil and gas. The estimation of these resources extraction potential without any harm to country’s ecology and society is one of the key aims of this article. The authors research an export and import dynamic of hydrocarbon by Australia with the aim to identify an economic effect from the beginning of shale oil extraction in 2011. Besides, according to expert community’s opinion, there is the emission dynamic of carbon dioxide, which is one of the key factors, determining the environment pollution after the beginning of shale oil extraction in Australia. The major challenge of the article is to estimate the difficulty in real correlation between the ecology and the financial benefits for the economy, as these two factors are loosely connected and the index of additional harm to wildlife and people cannot be directly calculated in financial losses. The major contribution of the article is the development and comparison of the two scenarios of oil extraction and exports with or without frocking bans in Australia. The authors come to the conclusion that positive effects from shale oil and gas extraction for country’s economy do not surpass negative effects for ecology; thus, the authors suggest to use the shale oil reserves only as the strategic resource for economic recovery after crises and at the present moment it should be to realize the shale oil extraction in test mode.
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Sidhu, Navdeep S., Alwin Chuan, and Christopher H. Mitchell. "Recommendations and resources for regional anaesthesia Fellowships in Australia and New Zealand." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47, no. 5 (August 22, 2019): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x19861113.

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Regional anaesthesia is a fundamental aspect of anaesthesia practice. Structured Fellowships in regional anaesthesia facilitate the development of expert clinicians, scholars and future leaders. The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists accredits training sites for the final year of Fellowship training but does not outline specific guidance for subspecialty training. Based on evidence from a systematic literature review and best-practice medical education principles, the ideal structure for a regional anaesthesia Fellowship programme in Australia and New Zealand is outlined in four categories: (a) structure and duration of training; (b) educational aspects; (c) institutional organization; (d) evaluation and improvement. Departments may use this resource to help design, implement and improve their Fellowship programmes while trainees may employ it as a reference to achieve their learning goals at any training stage. Continuing professional education plays a central role in achieving and maintaining mastery of regional anaesthesia competencies.
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