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1
Bukarica, Marija, and marijab@unimelb edu au. "The technical expert assumes managerial responsibilities: an Interpretivist perspective on transition in Australia." RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091005.140123.
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In this study, Interpretivist epistemology and abductive research strategy were used to examine transcripts of sixteen two-hour focused interviews. The research sample was a group of technical experts who assumed managerial responsibilities within their organisations (transitional managers). The subjectively perceived experiences of the transition were examined as well as the respondents' intersubjective interpretations of the transition from the organisational perspective. The aim was to explore the perceived characteristics of the transitional experience. The main findings of this study could be summarised as follows: firstly, it was found that there were three main types of transitional managers: the unwilling, the pragmatic and the eager managers. Secondly, the key motivations to take the manager role for all three categories were higher remuneration, technical peer respect and the respondent's new role as an organisational decision-maker. The third finding of this study was that there were two types of transitions, the complete transition which the majority of the eager managers went through and the technical transition which was experienced by the unwilling and the pragmatic managers. Related to that finding was the link between the type of organisation, its culture and the leadership skills required in that organisation. The fourth finding was that, irrespective of the amount of time in the manager role (six months to eleven years) or the type of transition (complete or technical), all respondents in this study continued to identify themselves as technical experts with the respondents who underwent a complete transition also seeing themselves as managers. Related to this finding was the respondents' continued identification as technical experts being largely due to their need to identify with their peers (other technical experts). The fifth major finding of this study related to a lack of career planning by the respondents and little or no succession and management development planning by the respondents' organisations. In a contribution to the theory of leadership studies, this study examined leadership as a social process, building on the existing leadership concepts and theories and putting them in a social context of subjective efforts by the researcher to interpret the respondents' transitional experiences through typification of the leadership characteristics into seven themes. The need to apply an individual contextualisation was seen as essential to understanding the transitional managers' response to their own transition. In doing so, the study has contributed towards narrowing the existing empirical literature gap on the transition processes. The contributions of this study need to be seen in the context that explorative research such as the one carried out here is not considered generalisable, as its aim was to explore and describe particular phenomena. Nevertheless, insights from this study were eight
2
Mildenhall, Paula. "An exploratory case study using an expert learning process designed to promote number sense in a year 6 classroom." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/663.
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Keller, Bradley Scott. "A profile of game style, physical, technical and tactical skills, and the pathways that underpin expertise in Australian youth soccer players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2145.
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The attainment of expertise has been the focus of research in many domains including music, chess and sport. This research has progressed with many theories detailing the best way to develop expertise and nurture talent in sport. Soccer is a multifaceted sport which requires a number of physical, technical and tactical skills to be successful, making it difficult to achieve expertise. Although Australia’s performance on the international stage is improving, there is a lack of evidence to inform the most effective development pathways to support the next wave of talented youth soccer players. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to understand what is required to be an expert in Australian youth soccer, and which environmental factors can influence the development of expertise in youth soccer players.
To enhance our understanding of the development of expertise in Australian soccer, the current thesis was guided by the Expert Performance Approach (Ericsson & Smith, 1991) and included three individual studies which captured expert performance, identified underlying mechanisms and examined how expertise was developed. Sixty-two male soccer players (17.0 ± 0.61 y) who represented three cohorts in Australian youth soccer; national elite (Australian Institute of Sport), state elite (state institute) and sub-elite (state league) participated in this study.
Study One captured expert performance through an in-depth analysis of the match characteristics of the three levels of expertise. A total of 24 matches across the three levels of expertise in Australian youth soccer were analysed, with each match videoed and manually coded using SportsCode according to frequently used match characteristics from the literature. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to see if teams with similar technical characteristics could be grouped together in order to make inferences about distinctive tactics and game styles. There were three game styles identified across the cohorts, with the state and national elite cohorts forming two distinct clusters, whilst the sub-elite teams clustered together based on technical output. More specifically, the two elite cohorts executed two different possession styles of play, while the sub-elite cohort played a direct style of game. Although it was clear that technical output and game styles differed across cohorts, it was not clear which underlying mechanisms allowed teams to play this way.
The aim of Study Two was to identify which skills could distinguish the three levels of Australian youth soccer players and contribute to an explanation of the different game styles identified in Study One. This was done using a multifaceted testing battery including physical, technical and tactical tests. The physical tests included intermittent endurance, sprinting, change of direction and vertical jumps, the technical tests included short and long passing, dribbling and shooting, while the tactical test was a perceptual-cognitive decision-making task which required players to choose the correct option in a video-based task. There were a number of physical, technical and tactical outcome measures that could distinguish between cohorts based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. The most prominent tests included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, 30m sprint and 20m flying start, height, Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, long passing test, ball control, shooting test and perceptual-cognitive decision-making task. Furthermore, the multidimensional analysis could clearly differentiate players from each cohort based on a Cumulative Total Score for each player. It is evident that the underlying mechanisms for expert performance in Australian youth soccer included elements of physical, technical and tactical prowess which may contribute to the differences in game styles observed in Study One.
Study Three examined how expertise is developed in Australian youth soccer players. The participants completed the Development History of Athletes Questionnaire (DHAQ) (Hopwood, Baker, MacMahon, & Farrow, 2010). A decision tree induction analysis was used to determine which developmental factors contributed most to the predictor variable, the Cumulative Total Score. The amount of sport specific practice distinguished the two highest skilled groups from the lower skilled players. There were then two distinct pathways taken by the elite Australian youth soccer players. The first pathway included players who were later born in their family and had older siblings that participated in other sport, which contributed to their development in soccer. The second pathway included those players who were born early in their family (first or second), with this group specialising later in soccer (after the age of 13), compared to the second tier of athletes.
Overall it was clear that there were distinguishing game styles for various levels of Australian youth soccer players. The elite players had underlying physical, technical and tactical attributes that allowed them to execute a possession-based game style. This thesis has provided evidence that the national elite players had followed a different pathway and been exposed to different environmental influences compared to the sub-elite players, factors that had contributed to their current level of expertise and success. This work provides Football Federation Australia and associated personnel with a strong framework upon which to base their talent identification and development programs given this thesis was able to provide evidence of distinct game styles, physical, technical and tactical skills distinguishing playing levels and differing pathways exhibited by the athlete cohorts.
4
Allinson, Caroline Linda. "Legislative and security requirements of audit material for evidentiary purpose." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36813/1/Caroline_Allinson_Thesis.pdf.
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This research used the Queensland Police Service, Australia, as a major case study. Information on principles, techniques and processes used, and the reason for the recording, storing and release of audit information for evidentiary purposes is reported. It is shown that Law Enforcement Agencies have a two-fold interest in, and legal obligation pertaining to, audit trails. The first interest relates to the situation where audit trails are actually used by criminals in the commission of crime and the second to where audit trails are generated by the information systems used by the police themselves in support of the recording and investigation of crime.
Eleven court cases involving Queensland Police Service audit trails used in evidence in Queensland courts were selected for further analysis. It is shown that, of the cases studied, none of the evidence presented was rejected or seriously challenged from a technical perspective. These results were further analysed and related to normal requirements for trusted maintenance of audit trail information in sensitive environments with discussion on the ability and/or willingness of courts to fully challenge, assess or value audit evidence presented. Managerial and technical frameworks for firstly what is considered as an environment where a computer system may be considered to be operating “properly” and, secondly, what aspects of education, training, qualifications, expertise and the like may be considered as appropriate for persons responsible within that environment, are both proposed.
Analysis was undertaken to determine if audit and control of information in a high security environment, such as law enforcement, could be judged as having improved, or not, in the transition from manual to electronic processes. Information collection, control of processing and audit in manual processes used by the Queensland Police Service, Australia, in the period 1940 to 1980 was assessed against current electronic systems essentially introduced to policing in the decades of the 1980s and 1990s. Results show that electronic systems do provide for faster communications with centrally controlled and updated information readily available for use by large numbers of users who are connected across significant geographical locations. However, it is clearly evident that the price paid for this is a lack of ability and/or reluctance to provide improved audit and control processes.
To compare the information systems audit and control arrangements of the Queensland Police Service with other government departments or agencies, an Australia wide survey was conducted. Results of the survey were contrasted with the particular results of a survey, conducted by the Australian Commonwealth Privacy Commission four years previous, to this survey which showed that security in relation to the recording of activity against access to information held on Australian government computer systems has been poor and a cause for concern. However, within this four year period there is evidence to suggest that government organisations are increasingly more inclined to generate audit trails.
An attack on the overall security of audit trails in computer operating systems was initiated to further investigate findings reported in relation to the government systems survey. The survey showed that information systems audit trails in Microsoft Corporation's “Windows” operating system environments are relied on quite heavily. An audit of the security for audit trails generated, stored and managed in the Microsoft “Windows 2000” operating system environment was undertaken and compared and contrasted with similar such audit trail schemes in the “UNIX” and “Linux” operating systems. Strength of passwords and exploitation of any security problems in access control were targeted using software tools that are freely available in the public domain. Results showed that such security for the “Windows 2000” system is seriously flawed and the integrity of audit trails stored within these environments cannot be relied upon.
An attempt to produce a framework and set of guidelines for use by expert witnesses in the information technology (IT) profession is proposed. This is achieved by examining the current rules and guidelines related to the provision of expert evidence in a court environment, by analysing the rationale for the separation of distinct disciplines and corresponding bodies of knowledge used by the Medical Profession and Forensic Science and then by analysing the bodies of knowledge within the discipline of IT itself. It is demonstrated that the accepted processes and procedures relevant to expert witnessing in a court environment are transferable to the IT sector. However, unlike some discipline areas, this analysis has clearly identified two distinct aspects of the matter which appear particularly relevant to IT. These two areas are; expertise gained through the application of IT to information needs in a particular public or private enterprise; and expertise gained through accepted and verifiable education, training and experience in fundamental IT products and system.
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McCarrol, Andrew Patrick. "Accessing the Japanese food grain market by supplying Australian non GMO grain inputs: the case of an Australian small business food quality corn and soybeans exporter." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004788/.
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[Abstract]: This dissertation investigates how an independent Australian grain exporting SME has been able to access the Japanese market for food quality soybeans and corn. This firm has succeeded in entering this market despite entrenched competition from traditional suppliers in the USA and Canada and in the face of rigorous food safety and quality standards as required in this particular market. The research in this dissertation focuses on outlining the critical ‘enabling competencies’ that the firm and its suppliers developed in order to enter the Japanese market. A single case methodology involving multiple in-depth interviews with key stakeholders was used to provide triangulated evidence concerning the necessary and sufficient conditionsfor SME exporters to compete successfully in such mature markets, particularly in the face of entrenched competition from large scale suppliers of similar productsfrom the United States and Canada. From the data collected in this research, a model of SME internationalisation was proposed highlighting the driving forces whichstimulated the development of a set of ‘enabling competencies’ enabling successful entry into the Japanese market for food grains. This model has both practical andtheoretical implications for the development of trade between Australia and Japan in the food grain sector. In conclusion this dissertation suggests that firms with thecapacity to develop such competencies can succeed in entering enter such productmarkets.
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Lee, Michael Jonathan. "Optimal packaging systems for Australian domestic and export pork markets /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18312.pdf.
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Miyauchi, Yukiko. "Exporting Australian primary produce to Japan : the example of fresh mangoes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36272/1/36156_Loemker_2002.pdf.
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Prior to 1994 Japan limited its import of Australian mangoes through quarantine restrictions. However, because of the recent lifting of these restrictions, new
opportunities for the export of Australian mangoes to Japan have emerged. Thus it is important for prospective mango exporters to have access to research in this area.
To date, little research has been done on the opportunities for the export of mangoes to Japan. Such research would include looking at distribution channels in Japan for imported new fruit because these distribution channels have been regarded as the
major obstacles to the success of foreign companies exporting to Japan (Shimaguchi
& Lazer 1979; Czinkota 1985; Terstra & Sarathy 1991; Jain 1993; Keegan 1989). This thesis has focused on two areas: examining market opportunities for Australian
mangoes in Japan and examining distribution channels for imported new fresh fruit in Japan. Therefore two research problems (RP) present themselves: RP I: What are the market opportunities for Australian mangoes in Japan, based on consumer research? RP 2: What distribution channels in Japan could be considered for Australian
mangoes? For RP 1, the literature review in chapter 2 examined the Australian mango industry, the fresh fruit market in Japan, Japanese consumer preferences for fruit, change in the Japanese diet, marketing theory, and consumer research about mangoes in Australia.
Gaps in the literature were then identified and three research issues (RI) developed: RI I: How do Japanese consumers view the taste and other characteristics of
mangoes? RI 2: What are the factors affecting the popularisation of new and foreign fruit such
as mangoes, in Japan? RI 3: What are the possible bases for segmentation of the market for new and foreign
fruit such as mangoes, in Japan? Next, the literature related to the nature of a distribution channel system, the distribution system in Japan, and distribution channels available for fresh fruit in Japan
was examined. Gaps in the literature were identified and two research issues relevant to RP 2 were developed:
RI 4: What are the available distribution channels for imported new and foreign, fresh fruit? RI 5: What affects the choice of the distribution channel for imported new and foreign, fresh fruit? Data was collected using focus group methodology for RP 1 and case study
methodology for RP 2. In Japan, four focus groups were conducted and four firms were interviewed. The research methodologies are discussed in chapter 3 while the
data is analysed in chapter 4. The results of this research indicate that Japanese consumers view mangoes as foreign and new fruit. Therefore strategies for exporting this fruit could be different from those strategies for exporting fruit already familiar to the Japanese. At present, only a few studies relate to the export of new fruit to Japan. Therefore the major contribution of this research is to add to the existing literature in this area. In particular, this thesis makes several contributions for it contains:
• the first consumer research done in Japan on mangoes;
• arguably the first comprehensive exploration of consumer preferences in Japan for
fresh fruit (table 5.2) and new fresh fruit (table 5.1);
• arguably the first comprehensive model of new and foreign, fresh fruit distribution
channels in Japan emphasising the first point of entry intermediaries (figure 4.2);
• the first model for popularising new and foreign fruit (using mangoes as an example), in Japan (figure 5 .1); and
• arguably the first investigation of bases for segmentation of a market for new and foreign fruit such as mangoes in Japan
8
Lu, Nhat Vinh. "Export marketing performance of Australian export market ventures : investigating the impact of the internet, firm-specific characteristics, market characteristics, and export marketing strategy /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09C/09cl9261.pdf.
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Xin, Edward Wei. "Entry mode strategy of Australian high value-added manufacturing companies and the Chinese market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35803/1/35803_Xin_1994.pdf.
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Recent interest in international marketing studies focuses on a 'frontier' issue - entry mode strategy. There are two major different views about market entry strategy - internationalization and contingency. Both of them have more than one theoretical model.
The major difference between these two views is whether the company can choose an optimal entry mode.
This research explores this important issue of entry mode choice by focusing on Australian high value-added manufacturing companies entering the Chinese market. This is a
contemporary issue with great importance to Australia and China because Australian high
value-added manufacturing companies are the fastest growing exporters in Australia and the Chinese market is an emerging market with enormous market potential. Therefore, the research problem of this research is:
RP: How do Australian high value-added manufacturing companies develop their entry mode strategies for the Chinese market? The research reviewed the literature relating to the parent discipline of entry mode strategy, and supports the transaction cost model in particular. This model of entry mode choice believes that entry mode choice is closely related to a host country's external
environmental factors and internal factors of companies entering the market. Moreover, entry mode choice is directly decided by trade-offs of four critical constructs - risk, return, cost and control. From the literature review, this research tends to support the idea that an optimal entry mode may be chosen instead of adhering to the sequential stagesapproach of the internationalization process. Therefore, four research propositions were developed on the basis of these discussions. Research proposition 1 examined whether the proposed four critical constructs capture most of the considerations in the choice of entry mode. Research proposition 2 examined whether each type of entry mode can be charted on the above four constructs. Research
proposition 3 examined various external environmental factors of the Chinese market and their impacts on Australian high value-added manufacturing companies' entry activities. Finally, research proposition 4 examined various internal factors of Australian high value added manufacturing companies and their impacts on entry activities of these companies. Data was collected by using the exploratory and explanatory case study methodology, with two pilot case studies carried out in Brisbane to refine the research protocol and procedures. Thirteen Australian high value-added manufacturing companies from five industry clusters operating in Beijing were examined in the major stage of data collection.
Data was analyzed by using both case descriptions and cross-case analysis methods. The
research findings showed the importance of those four critical constructs for entry mode choice. Moreover, relationship networks emerged as another critical consideration. Research findings for research propositions 3 and 4 also identified some important
external and internal factors for entry mode choice.
Therefore, on the basis of research findings about the research propositions, an entry mode strategic model was developed to meet the special needs of managers in Australian high value-added manufacturing companies to develop their entry mode strategy. Practical implications of this model were discussed in detail. Furthermore, the impacts of the findings of this research on the parent disciplines of entry mode choice were also examined. Further research should focus on Australian service companies and other areas of China to replicate the research findings of this research.
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Nair, Gordon S. "Market entry of Australian firms into South-East Asia : a study of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia markets." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Filipová, Šárka. "Mezinárodní obchod s vínem." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72147.
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The first chapter talks about general aspects of wine, its typology and historical development of production and trade in wine but also about specific aspects of wine marketing. The second chapter is devoted to analyzing main producers, importers and exporters of wine together with contemporary trends in wine sector. The last chapter compares the EU's and Australia's trading policy, dealing with the Agreement between the EU and Australia on trade in wine and in the end is dedicated to the issue of the geographical indications at the WTO.
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Fagence, Anna. "The use and potential problems of neuropsychological evidence in Australian tort litigation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1009.
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Australian lawyers often request psychologists assess plaintiffs for brain injury tort litigation, but it is unknown why they do this and how they use the expert neuropsychological report. It is crucial to know this because international authors argue that the way lawyers use and manage the neuropsychological evidence they commission may introduce unconscious bias into psychologists’ expert opinions. Unconscious bias within such evidence jeopardises the procedural justice of Australian brain injury tort litigation. Therefore, the present study explored how Australian tort litigation lawyers use expert neuropsychological evidence and how plaintiff lawyers advise and prepare their clients for neuropsychological assessments. In Stage One, 10 Western Australian lawyers involved in neuropsychological tort litigation were interviewed and reported that expert neuropsychological evidence primarily assists them to describe a plaintiff’s injury, and to quantify the plaintiff’s level of impairment as caused by the injury. The lawyers also reported that they provide plaintiffs with information about brain injury symptoms and details about the neuropsychological assessment. Stage Two explored whether the Stage One themes were germane to lawyers from other states. Seventy-seven Australian lawyers completed an anonymous web-based survey constructed from the Stage One themes and limited international research literature. The results confirmed the themes applied to lawyers in all Australian legal jurisdictions. The findings suggest that the way Australian lawyers use expert neuropsychological evidence and prepare their clients for neuropsychological assessments may engender unconscious bias within the psychologist’s evidence in favour of the client. The implications of the study’s findings are discussed, emphasising that Australian psychologists must modify their practices to ensure their expert neuropsychological evidence is procedurally fair.
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Gacic, Dragic. "The choice of international entry mode : an empirical investigation of Australian firms." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36334/1/36334_Gacic_1998.pdf.
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Over the last few years, considerable publicity has been generated about the need for
increasing the international expansion of Australian firms. The existing literature about
foreign activities of Australian firms is mainly descriptive in its scope and therefore a
number of aspects have remained empirically unexplored. To shed light on this issue,
this study empirically examines the international entry mode behaviour of Australian
manufacturing firms. In particular, the research problem addressed in this paper is:
RP: How do Australian firms make selection among entry mode alternatives for
organising and conducting their international business activities?
Based on a comprehensive review of the existing literature in chapter 2, we propose a
conceptual decision framework that describes how firm-, assets-, host country- and
global strategic-related factors affect a firm's decision on how to enter the foreign
market. The twelve research propositions developed with respect to those factors
were as follows:
RP1: Larger Australian firms are likely to have a larger proportion of their foreign
affiliates organised as majority JVs or WOSs.
RP2: Internationally experienced Australian firms are likely to have a larger
proportion of their foreign affiliates organised as majority JVs or WOSs.
RP3: Australian firms that possess capability to develop proprietary technological
know-how are likely to favour WOSs over licensing or JVs.
RP4: Australian firms that possess advanced marketing know-how are likely to
favour WOSs over licensing or JVs.
RPS: Australian firms are likely to favour WOSs over licensing or JVs when
assigning relatively complex assets to the foreign operation.
RP6: Australian firms are likely to favour WOSs over licensing or JVs when
assigning relatively tacit assets to the foreign operation.
RP7: In countries with relatively higher market potential Australian firms are likely
to favour majority JVs or WOSs over other entry modes.
RPB: In countries where perceived risk is relatively high Australian firms are likely
to favour licensing or JVs over WOSs.
RP9: In socio-culturally distant countries Australian firms are likely to favour
licensing or JVs over WOSs.
RP10: In countries that are characterised with restrictive ownership policies
Australian firms are likely to depend more on licensing and JVs than on
WOSs.
RP11: Australian firms that pursue a strategy of global integration are likely to favour
WOSs over licensing or JVs.
RP12: Australian firms that pursue a strategy of global competition are likely to
favour WOSs over licensing or JVs.
A case study methodology was used for data collection. Two pilot studies were
conducted prior to the major stage of data collection to refine the research protocol
and the data collection instrument. Ten Queensland-based firms were then
interviewed and examined to generate the data for the test of the research
propositions. Chapter 3 provides the full explanation regarding the choice of research
methodology, research design, participants' selection criteria and the methods of data
analysis.
The description of the participants and the pattern of results for each research
proposition are presented in chapter 4. The final part of this study discusses the
findings in the context of the previous literature and provides the concluding comments
about the impact of underlying factors on the entry mode choice of Australian firms as well as some other potentially relevant factors discovered during the data collection
process. The implications for theorists and managers are presented along with
recommendations for future research.
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Teh, Joanna J. P. K. "Export education services : effects on the Malaysian demand for Australian education services /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ect261.pdf.
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Murdoch, Fraser. "The treatment of infectious ovine keratoconjunctivitis in pre-export feedlot sheep in Western Australia." Thesis, Murdoch, Fraser (2016) The treatment of infectious ovine keratoconjunctivitis in pre-export feedlot sheep in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38548/.
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Approximately two million sheep are exported from Australia annually, worth in excess of $170 million to the Australian economy. With the live export industry facing increasing scrutiny it is essential that the industry take steps to optimise the welfare of those animals involved.
Infectious ovine keratoconjunctivitis (IOK) is a significant, infectious eye disease of sheep and is the reason for the rejection of many sheep from the live export chain. Establishing a practical and effective treatment protocol has the potential to reduce economic losses associated with rejected stock and to improve the welfare of those animals presenting with clinical disease.
Injectable oxytetracycline (OTC) has been used as a treatment worldwide and has been shown to be effective. However, in pre-embarkation feedlots the number of animals is so large that such individual treatment is not feasible. This research investigated the clinical efficacy and impact on animal health of OTC given in-feed or in-water.
Oxytetracycline is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract following oral administration in feed or water. This research showed that oral administration of OTC results in changes to the rumen microflora population.
Although the change in rumen microflora corresponded with reduced feed intakes, feed intakes returned to normal following cessation of treatment, indicating that any changes to the ruminal microbiome are transient. Oxytetracycline given in-feed for five days results in a significant clinical improvement in IOK.
In-water OTC caused a persistent decrease in feed and water intake rendering it an unsuitable treatment.
Mild cases of IOK can be successfully treated with in-feed OTC for a five-day period at a dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight. Sheep with more severe IOK can be successfully treated with two intramuscular injections of OTC at 20 mg/kg bodyweight four days apart.
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McDonald, P. M., and n/a. "Right and left brain learning processes : in the context of Australian export education." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060918.132852.
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The nature of the human brain has preoccupied philosophers and scientists for centuries. As early as the
4th Century BCE, Greek philosophers speculated that the
anatomically distinct hemispheres of the brain implied
specialisation of function. It was not until the "splitbrain"
operations of the 1950s, however, that the precise
specialisation of each hemisphere could be demonstrated.
The right hemisphere apparently assumed responsibility
for spacial, holistic processes, while the left hemisphere
processed analytical, sequential tasks.
During that same decade, educational psychologists
observed two markedly different ways in which
individuals perceive and relate to the world. It was later
observed that these "cognitive styles" seemed directly
related to the bi-polar functions of the right and left
hemispheres of the brain. This implied a genetic basis
for cognitive style.
Subsequent research suggested that cognitive style is to a
considerable extent a result of the environment of
socialisation, and therefore, different cultures would
demonstrate different cognitive styles. Such cultural
differences in learning expectations might have serious
implications for both teachers and learners in the field of
export education.
The literature review in this study identified physical,
environmental, and experiential factors which appear to
influence cognitive style. This information formed the
basis of the biographical section of a questionnaire which
elicited the learning style preferences of pre-tertiary
students from Australia (native speakers), Indonesia and
Japan. The study posed the negative hypothesis: There
are no significant differences in patterns of cognitive
styles between cultures.
The results of the field study contradicted the negative
hypothesis, identifying significant differences in patterns
of cognitive styles between the three cultural groups.
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Shiravi-Khozani, Abdolhossein. "The legal aspect of international countertrade, with reference to the Australian Legal System." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5577.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 462-479. "... to provide a basis for understanding countertrade practices. In particular, however, it aims to provide assistance to trading parties to identify the problems associated with various forms of countertrade and to give them guidance in drafting countertrade contracts in the light of Australian law.".
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Spooner, Daniel Ron, and n/a. "Nutrient, organic carbon and suspended solid loadings in two ICOLLs, NSW Australia : biogeochemical responses." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070129.130745.
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Intermittently Closed and Open Lake Lagoons (ICOLLs) are very common along the
southern NSW coastline. Expanding urban populations are expanding and these systems are
under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities that change landscape processes and
significantly alter the amounts of organic and inorganic constituents entering their waters.
Once efficient cycling of nutrients in ICOLLs is overcome, the symptoms of eutrophication
establish and the entire ecosystem suffers. These systems have great ecological, social, and
economic values that require insightful, well balanced, and educated management to
promote sustainable use of these often-sensitive areas.
Corunna and Nangudga Lake are ICOLLs in the Eurobodalla Shire on the south
coast of NSW. These two ICOLLs receive discharges from catchments covered by native
vegetation and grassland. The primary objective of this research component was to quantify
catchment exports of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended solids (SS),
particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three small
coastal sub catchments that deliver constituents into Corunna and Nangudga Lakes. As part
of this investigation the fates of catchment loads in the ICOLLs were established focusing
on the lakes water column response to catchment loads and the biogeochemical cycling of
nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments.
19
El-Higzi, Faiza A. "A study on foreign market selection factors in the Australian construction services sector." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Swift, Robyn, and n/a. "Exchange Rate Pass-Through in a Small Open Economy: the Case of Australian Export Prices." Griffith University. School of Economics, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050921.140213.
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Expectations regarding the relationship between exchange rates and the prices of traded goOds in small open economies have traditionally been derived from the idea of the relative unimportance of a single small country when trading in much larger international markets. This concept has led to the use of distinct 'small-country' or 'dependent-economy' models to analyse the effects of macroeconomic changes. Thus for small economies like Australia, it is usually assumed that the foreign-currency prices of traded goods are fixed in perfectly competitive international markets. Accordingly, exchange rate movements must be completely absorbed in domestic-currency prices. In other words, the pass-through of exchange rate changes to destination-currency prices must be zero for Australian exports, and complete for Australian imports. Such expectations regarding the degree of exchange rate pass-through contrast sharply with those found in conventional macroeconomic models for large countries, in which pass-through is assumed to be complete for all traded goods. Moreover, they conflict with the results derived from the large theoretical and empirical literature on the microeconomic determinants of pass-through, which suggests that much international trade takes place in imperfectly competitive markets, in which the degree of less-than-complete pass-through depends on industry-specific factors. This study explores these apparent conflicts by re-examining the small-country assumption, with particular emphasis on export prices as the area of greatest divergence. Specifically, it addresses three research questions: 1) What are the theoretical conditions that underlie the small-country assumption? 2)What are the implications for the macroeconomic models of small economies if this assumption is violated? 3) In practice, is the data more consistent with the validity or otherwise of the assumption? The analysis focuses on Australia as a practical example of a small open economy with a high proportion of commodity exports. In summary, the theoretical and empirical results reported in this study suggest that the small-country assumption is unlikely to hold in practice. That is, exchange rate pass-through is more likely to be determined by industry-specific factors, rather than by the universal conclusion of zero pass-through for all Australian exports that is derived from the small-country assumption. Further, they imply that the movement in internal prices required to restore equilibrium in a small country following an external shock is likely to be both larger and more uncertain than has previously been expected. Under such circumstances, the full flexibility of the exchange rate, as the primary and most rapid source of the required adjustments, becomes particularly significant. An important policy implication for small open economies that are subject to frequent terms of trade shocks, such as Australia, is that attempts to manage the exchange rate in order to reduce apparently excessive movements may in fact result in a longer and more protracted process of adjustment through the labour market.
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Berry, Jason. "Expert perceptual and decision-making skill: identification, development and acquisition in a team invasion spoet / Jason Berry." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18394.pdf.
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Styles, Christopher William. "Determinants of export performance in small and medium sized enterprises : an empirical investigation in the UK and Australia." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362933.
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Motloung, Rethabile Frangenie. "Understanding current and potential distribution of Australian acacia species in southern Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79720.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents research on the value of using different sources of data to
explore the factors determining invasiveness of introduced species. The research draws upon
the availability of data on the historical trial plantings of alien species and other sources. The
focus of the study is on Australian Acacia species as a taxon introduced into southern Africa
(Lesotho, South Africa and Swaziland). The first component of the study focused on
understanding the factors determining introduction outcome of species in historical trial
plantings and invasion success of Australian Acacia species using Species Distribution
Models (SDMs) and classification tree techniques. SDMs were calibrated using the native
range occurrence records (Australia) and were validated using results of 150 years of South
African government forestry trial planting records and invaded range data from the Southern
African Plant Invaders Atlas. To understand factors associated with survival (‘trial success’)
or failure to survive (‘trial failure’) of species in historical trial plantings, classification and
regression tree analysis was used. The results indicate climate as one of the factors that
explains introduction and/or invasion success of Australian Acacia species in southern Africa. However, the results also indicate that for ‘trial failures’ there are factors other than climate
that could have influenced the trial outcome. This study emphasizes the need to integrate data on whether the species has been recorded to be invasive elsewhere with climate matching for
invasion risk assessment.
The second component of the study focused on understanding the distribution patterns of
Australian Acacia species that are not known as invasive in southern Africa. The specific
aims were to determine which species still exist at previously recorded sites and determine
the current invasion status. This was done by collating data from different sources that list
species introduced into southern Africa and then conducting revisits. For the purpose of this
study, revisits means conducting field surveys based on recorded occurrences of introduced
species. The known occurrence data for species on the list were obtained from different data
sources and various invasion biology experts. As it was not practical to do revisits for all
species on the list, three ornamental species (Acacia floribunda, A. pendula and A. retinodes)
were selected as part of the pilot study for the conducted revisits in this study. Acacia
retinodes trees were not found during the revisits. The results provided data that could be
used to characterize species based on the Blackburn et al., (2011) scheme. However, it is not clear whether observed Acacia pendula or A. floribunda trees will spread away from the sites
hence the need to continuously monitor sites for spread. The methods used in this research
establish a protocol for future work on conducting revisits at known localities of introduced
species to determine their population dynamics and thereby characterize the species
according to the scheme for management purposes.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Zoology and Entomology
MSc (Zoology)
Unrestricted
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Fardin, Gianni. "Investigating the consequences of flow barriers on water flows and nutrient export in the Peel Main Drain, Western Australia." Thesis, Fardin, Gianni (2013) Investigating the consequences of flow barriers on water flows and nutrient export in the Peel Main Drain, Western Australia. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/17869/.
Full textAbstract:
Water is a valuable resource in south-western Australia due to its relative scarcity. In the Peel-Harvey Region, water quality and declining groundwater are two issues that impact on the sustainability of water resources. Rainfall and streamflow are forecast to decline further by 2030. High nutrient levels in drains and rivers, and declining groundwater levels can be mitigated by controlled drainage, through reductions in baseflow, and nutrient efflux.
The Peel Main Drain, located in the Peel Region of Western Australia extends from Jandakot to near Warnbro where it joins the Serpentine River. The Peel Main Drain is a large source of nitrate (N) and phosphorus (P) efflux into the Peel-Harvey Estuary, contributing more than 26t N and 4.5t P per year or 2.2% and 2.4% of total contribution to the estuary respectively. Using a simple nutrient load model, baseflow which is derived from groundwater, accounts for approximately half of PO4 efflux in the Peel Main Drain, during the later period of the year, from August to December.
This thesis examines the effectiveness of using controlled drainage in the Peel Main Drain, through an investigation of the literature on nutrient movement in the Peel Region, and an assessment of the hydrology of the Peel Main Drain and surrounding area. Water levels in the Peel Main Drain were modeled using hydrograph data, and the HECRAS river analysis model.
Flooding and cost are two issues relating to controlled drainage. Modelling of flow and groundwater level in the Peel Main Drain area highlighted the interaction of groundwater and flow, and the large number of former and present wetlands in the study area. This thesis argues that flooding risk can be managed through the use of variable height weirs or other adjustable flow barriers, with associated costs. Cost limits areas where controlled drainage would provide significant benefits.
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Wismiarsi, Tri 1966. "Relationship between the degree of internationalisation, firm characteristics, international market orientation and learning orientation." Monash University, Dept. of Marketing, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5337.
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Robson, Sally Jane. "International market entry : determinants of Australian exports and direct investment to the United Kingdom." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15844/1/Sally_Robson_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Australia and the UK are both prominent economies in the international arena and share a strong trade and investment relationship. Interestingly, the UK while being a significant destination for Australian exports is an even more significant destination for Australian direct investment, a case anomalous to international trends. Analysis of this case elicits the question as to what factors differentiate between the firms that export and those that FDI. It is imperative to understand the differentiating factors between exports and direct investment as market entry decisions are decisive to the success of firms in international markets. A number of theories of international market entry have developed over the last quarter century, the ownership, location, and internationalisation model (OLI) is used in this study. The importance of the variables developed in this model are identified, and assessed as to their relevance to entry of Australian firms into the UK market through FDI or Exports. Qualitative information is used to support initial quantitative profiling. Results of the investigation indicate that while some variables were at times decisive, they were not predictive at all in other situations. The full interaction of the variables in the model was therefore concluded to be essential to fully differentiate between exports and FDI in all cases.
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Robson, Sally Jane. "International Market Entry: Determinants of Australian Exports and Direct Investment to the United Kingdom." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15844/.
Full textAbstract:
Australia and the UK are both prominent economies in the international arena and share a strong trade and investment relationship. Interestingly, the UK while being a significant destination for Australian exports is an even more significant destination for Australian direct investment, a case anomalous to international trends. Analysis of this case elicits the question as to what factors differentiate between the firms that export and those that FDI. It is imperative to understand the differentiating factors between exports and direct investment as market entry decisions are decisive to the success of firms in international markets. A number of theories of international market entry have developed over the last quarter century, the ownership, location, and internationalisation model (OLI) is used in this study. The importance of the variables developed in this model are identified, and assessed as to their relevance to entry of Australian firms into the UK market through FDI or Exports. Qualitative information is used to support initial quantitative profiling. Results of the investigation indicate that while some variables were at times decisive, they were not predictive at all in other situations. The full interaction of the variables in the model was therefore concluded to be essential to fully differentiate between exports and FDI in all cases.
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Van, Ruth Frances. "The Internationalisation of Australian firms : how networks help bridge the psychic distance between a firm and a market /." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4285.
Full textAbstract:
This research explores the internationalisation of Australian firms in Latin America. Latin America attracts seven per cent of worldwide inward foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks but accounts for less than one per cent of Australian FDI stocks abroad. This discrepancy led me to ask why and how some Australian firms have entered the region when most of those that have gone abroad went elsewhere. Drawing on constructs from the Uppsala model and the network perspective of internationalisation I created an integrated research framework that encompassed both the internal and the external drivers of internationalisation. I used a multiple case study research design based on in-depth interviews with ten firms to explore the mechanisms by which Australian firms overcome their perceived psychic distance to Latin America. I conducted interviews with key decision makers at both headquarters and subsidiaries in Australia, Brazil, Chile and Mexico.My findings demonstrate that firms simultaneously draw on internal and external resources to facilitate their internationalisation. By leveraging their networks firms are able to succeed in psychically distant markets despite an initial lack of experiential knowledge. My findings reveal that firms obtain market-specific knowledge vital for internationalisation via their networks. Internationalisation knowledge on the other hand is mainly acquired through first-hand, in-country experience.
In this research I systematically document the types of institutional, business and social networks that impact internationalisation and categorise the numerous roles they fulfil. In addition to providing market-specific knowledge, network connections ‘unlock doors’, provide reassurance and comfort, provide credibility and help find employees, agents and local partners. Using networks to facilitate internationalisation accelerates the process in comparison to the traditional ‘trial and error’ method associated with in-country experiential learning.
The integrated framework I develop provides a more holistic understanding of how firms internationalise than previous models. My research has implications beyond the Australia-Latin America context as an example of the increasing phenomenon of FDI from and to non-traditional markets.
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van, Leeuwen Susan. "Innovation in the Western Australian state public sector." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/545.
Full textAbstract:
This research sought to gain a deeper understanding of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector. It achieves this by exploring the perceptions of Leaders, Experts and lnfluencers regarding innovation, enablers and barriers to innovation, and examples of innovation in the sector. In this study, 'Leaders' were employees in the State Public Sector selected from the top two tiers of the Senior Executive Service position. 'Experts and lnfluencers' were individuals who were recognised as having specialized knowledge, skills and / or success regarding innovation and / or recognised as having the power to affect or influence innovation in the Western Australian Public Sector. In addition, the research also aimed to determine ways in which innovation can be enhanced in the sector. The context of this study is the Western Australia State Public Sector (WASPS) which includes departments, trade concerns, instrumentalities, agencies and state bodies run by the WA State Government. This study is significant because there is little exploration and description of the perception of innovation in the Public Sector of Australia and a lack of common understanding of innovation in the WASPS. This study enables a much greater understanding of the depth, extent and success of innovation in this sector. Innovation is vital for a public sector needing to respond to Western Australia's growth and prosperity. The description of innovation and strategies for enhancing innovation will assist in the further development of a responsive sector.This study adopts a qualitative methodology to explore the meaning given by Leaders, Experts and lnfluencers and their perceptions of innovation in the public sector. The qualitative paradigm provides rich meaning to the research questions for the study which are: I . What are the perceptions of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector amongst Leaders? 2. What are the perceptions of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector amongst Experts and lnfluencers? 3. What are the barriers and enablers to innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector 4. How can innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector be enhanced? A phenomenological approach is adopted for the study which allows the structure and essence of the phenomena of innovation within the public sector to be explored. Data was collected using semi structured, in-depth interviews and data analysis using a phenomenological approach was conducted. This ensured that the experience and meaning of the phenomena of innovation is described and explained as faithfully as possible. The key findings of the study indicate that while there are pockets of innovation within the WASPS there is an overall need to enhance the capacity for innovation.An 'emergent model' is proposed as a framework that can provide an enhanced capacity for innovation in the WASPS. This is achieved by addressing the cultural, structural and human resource barriers that exist and by simultaneously enhancing the enablers that were identified in this study. The 'emergent model' takes a strategic view with special consideration for the context for innovation within the WASPS. Inherent in this model is the need for a clear and shared definition of innovation; the creation of ideal conditions for innovation; and the development of an innovation action plan. Superimposed on this model is the need for greater capacity for, and commitment to, meaningful public consultation. In addition the study highlighted a need for strong and effective leadership throughout the Western Australia State Public Sector to enhance innovation. In making these conclusions it is recognised that this study is specific to the state public sector of Western Australia. This study opens the possibility of more extensive research within the public sector, specific to innovation. In particular, there is significant scope to explore the relationship between political and public sector leadership and the effect of this relationship on innovation. In addition, further exploration of successful innovation in the sector could better inform the type of agency in which innovation is successful and an analysis of the leadership factors that influence successful innovation. Further research regarding the ability of leaders to create an environment to enhance innovation within the sector, recruitment practices of the WASPS, and of resource allocation and its effect on innovation capacity is advocated in this study.
30
van, Leeuwen Susan. "Innovation in the Western Australian state public sector." Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17156.
Full textAbstract:
This research sought to gain a deeper understanding of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector. It achieves this by exploring the perceptions of Leaders, Experts and lnfluencers regarding innovation, enablers and barriers to innovation, and examples of innovation in the sector. In this study, 'Leaders' were employees in the State Public Sector selected from the top two tiers of the Senior Executive Service position. 'Experts and lnfluencers' were individuals who were recognised as having specialized knowledge, skills and / or success regarding innovation and / or recognised as having the power to affect or influence innovation in the Western Australian Public Sector. In addition, the research also aimed to determine ways in which innovation can be enhanced in the sector. The context of this study is the Western Australia State Public Sector (WASPS) which includes departments, trade concerns, instrumentalities, agencies and state bodies run by the WA State Government. This study is significant because there is little exploration and description of the perception of innovation in the Public Sector of Australia and a lack of common understanding of innovation in the WASPS. This study enables a much greater understanding of the depth, extent and success of innovation in this sector. Innovation is vital for a public sector needing to respond to Western Australia's growth and prosperity. The description of innovation and strategies for enhancing innovation will assist in the further development of a responsive sector.This study adopts a qualitative methodology to explore the meaning given by Leaders, Experts and lnfluencers and their perceptions of innovation in the public sector. The qualitative paradigm provides rich meaning to the research questions for the study which are: I . What are the perceptions of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector amongst Leaders? 2. What are the perceptions of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector amongst Experts and lnfluencers? 3. What are the barriers and enablers to innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector 4. How can innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector be enhanced? A phenomenological approach is adopted for the study which allows the structure and essence of the phenomena of innovation within the public sector to be explored. Data was collected using semi structured, in-depth interviews and data analysis using a phenomenological approach was conducted. This ensured that the experience and meaning of the phenomena of innovation is described and explained as faithfully as possible. The key findings of the study indicate that while there are pockets of innovation within the WASPS there is an overall need to enhance the capacity for innovation.
An 'emergent model' is proposed as a framework that can provide an enhanced capacity for innovation in the WASPS. This is achieved by addressing the cultural, structural and human resource barriers that exist and by simultaneously enhancing the enablers that were identified in this study. The 'emergent model' takes a strategic view with special consideration for the context for innovation within the WASPS. Inherent in this model is the need for a clear and shared definition of innovation; the creation of ideal conditions for innovation; and the development of an innovation action plan. Superimposed on this model is the need for greater capacity for, and commitment to, meaningful public consultation. In addition the study highlighted a need for strong and effective leadership throughout the Western Australia State Public Sector to enhance innovation. In making these conclusions it is recognised that this study is specific to the state public sector of Western Australia. This study opens the possibility of more extensive research within the public sector, specific to innovation. In particular, there is significant scope to explore the relationship between political and public sector leadership and the effect of this relationship on innovation. In addition, further exploration of successful innovation in the sector could better inform the type of agency in which innovation is successful and an analysis of the leadership factors that influence successful innovation. Further research regarding the ability of leaders to create an environment to enhance innovation within the sector, recruitment practices of the WASPS, and of resource allocation and its effect on innovation capacity is advocated in this study.
31
Sogelová, Marie. "Vývoz výrobků firmy EXPRES MENU s.r.o. do zámoří." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71694.
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The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the possibilities of exporting products of company EXPRES MENU to Canada and Australia, especially from the logistical and legislative aspects. This thesis should serve as a practical guide to prepare export of products containing meat to Australia and Canada. The observations are applicable for exports of goods stored and transported in room temperature (+1 to +30 °C) and for other Czech exporters as information about legislative restrictions and requirements for import of meat and meat product to these countries.
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Rembauville, Mathieu. "Ecological vectors of carbon and biomineral export in the Southern Ocean." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066561/document.
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La biosphère océanique module la concentration de CO2 atmosphérique via la pompe biologique (transfert vertical de carbone organique particulaire - POC - de l'océan de surface vers le fond) et la contre-pompe des carbonates (émission de CO2 lors de la précipitation du carbone inorganique particulaire - PIC). Cette thèse a pour but (1) d'identifier la contribution de différents groupes planctoniques à l'export de POC et PIC à échelle annuelle dans des zones de production contrastée de l'océan Austral et (2) de comprendre comment cette diversité influence la stœchiométrie et la labilité du matériel exporté.Des déploiements de pièges à particules à proximité les iles Kerguelen et de la Géorgie du Sud montrent que la fertilisation naturelle en fer augmente l'intensité mais pas l'efficacité de l'export de POC. Les spores de résistance de diatomées pilotent une fraction importante (40-60 %) de l'export annuel de POC dans chacun des sites productifs. L'analyse taxonomique des diatomées mène à l'identification de groupes consistants qui impactent la séquestration préférentielle du C ou du Si. Lors d'une campagne estivale, nous associons l'abondance relative de diatomées et dinoflagellés à la stœchiométrie N:P de la matière organique et soulignons l'importance des couches de transition pour le découplage des cycles du C et Si. L'étude de la composition en lipides du matériel exporté nous permet d'identifier les spores de diatomées comme des vecteurs de matière organique contenant des acides gras riches en énergie. A Kerguelen, la faible contre-pompe des carbonates est due à dominance des coccolithophoridés dans l'export de PIC au Sud du Front PolaireMarine biosphere impacts the atmospheric CO2 concentration by two main processes: the biological pump (vertical transfer of particulate organic carbon - POC - from the surface to the deep ocean) and the carbonate counter pump (CO2 emission during particulate inorganic - PIC - precipitation). The objectives of this PhD are (1) to identify the relative contribution of different plankton groups to POC and PIC export at annual scale in regions of contrasted productivity in the Southern Ocean and (2) to understand how this diversity impacts the elemental stoichiometry and lability of the exported material.Annual sediment trap deployments in the vicinity of the Kerguelen and South Georgia island plateaus have demonstrated that natural iron fertilisation increases the intensity but not the efficiency of export. Diatom resting spore formation drives an important fraction (40-60 %) of the annual carbon export in the productive sites. The taxonomic analyses of exported diatoms lead to the identification of consistent groups that impact the preferential export of C or Si. During a summer cruise, we associate the relative abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates to the N:P stoichiometry of particulate organic matter and highlight the importance of transition layers for C and Si uncoupling. The study of the lipid composition of export leads to the identification of diatom resting spore as preferential vectors for the export energy-rich fatty acids. At Kerguelen, the low carbonate counter-pump is due to the dominance of coccolithophores contribution to PIC export south of the Polar Front
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Falk, Markus, and Edward Ringborg. "Naturgas i Australien år 2020 : Framtida konsumtion, export, import och produktion samt konsumtion under inverkan av ett klimatavtal." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99042.
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Australia is one of the largest producers and consumers of fossil fuels in the world. In a society where the effects of fossil fuels on global warming are constantly discussed, the nation’s production and consumption are subject to debate. Problems arise when negative aspects of consumption, such as emissions of greenhouse gases, are put in relation to an increased need of energy and economic growth. However, it is important to distinguish between different types of fossil fuels when it comes to their individual impact on the environment and to analyze the possibilities to increase the more environmental friendly ones. Such an energy source is natural gas, which emit less greenhouse gasses than the extensive use of coal and oil in Australia.This paper reports on the future use of natural gas in Australia, depending on a modulation of consumption, export, import and total production until the year of 2020. These predictions are based on fitting curves to historical data. Further, the consumption of natural gas, coal and oil are investigated until the year of 2020 with the impact of three different climate agreements based on formal commitments in the Climate Change Conference 2010, in Copenhagen. The modulation is also depending on factors such as an assumed increase in the demand of energy and an assumed use of renewable energy.In the paper, the use of natural gas is modulated in the year of 2020 to a consumption of 1 739 PJ, an export of 1 493 PJ, an import of 321 PJ and a total production of 2911 PJ. With a climate agreement that demands a reduction of 5 percent in greenhouse gases in the year of 2020 compared to the amount in the year of 2000, the consumption of natural gas, oil and cole is estimated to be 5 976 PJ, 346.8 PJ and 827.7 PJ, respectively. These numbers are related to a consumption of renewable energy sources of 481.4 PJ. A climate agreement which constitute 15 and 25 percent reductions in greenhouse gases, oil and coal were estimated to reach a value of zero before the year of 2020. The paper makes the conclusion that the possibility of reaching the goals in the climate agreement is unlikely under existing circumstances.Australien är en av värdens absolut största producenter och konsumenter av fossila bränslen. I ett samhälle där fossila bränslens påverkan på den globala uppvärmning ständigt diskuteras blir landets produktion och konsumtion föremål för debatt. Problematik uppstår när negativa aspekter av användningen, såsom utsläpp av växthusgaser, ska vägas mot ett ökat energibehov och ekonomisk tillväxt. Det är dock viktigt att skilja mellan olika fossila energislag vad gäller påverkan på miljön och analysera de möjligheter som finns för ökad användning av mindre växthusgasintensiva energislag. Ett sådant energislag är naturgas, vars användning ger upphov till mindre utsläpp av växthusgaser relativt den i Australien utbredda användingen av kol och olja.I rapporten undersöks Australiens framtida användning av naturgas genom modellering av konsumtion, export, import och total produktion fram till år 2020. Dessa förutsägelser baseras på anpassning av historiska data. Vidare undersöks konsumtionen av naturgas, kol och olja fram till år 2020 under inverkan av tre olika klimatavtal baserade på formella åtaganden vid klimatmötet i Köpenhamn år 2010. Modelleringen bygger även på ett ökat energibehov och en given användning av förnybara energislag.I rapporten modelleras användningen av naturgas till en konsumtion år 2020 på 1 739 PJ, en export på 1 493 PJ, en import på 321 PJ samt en total produktion på 2 911 PJ. Vid ett klimatavtal som kräver reduceringar av växthusgaser med 5 procent år 2020 jämfört med 2000 års nivåer beräknas konsumtionen av naturgas, olja och kol till 5 976 PJ, 346,8 PJ respektive 827,7 PJ. Detta vid en konsumtion av förnybara energislag på 481,4 PJ. Vid klimatavtal på 15 respektive 25 procent beräknades olja och kol nå nollvärden innan år 2020. I rapporten dras slutsatsen att det är osannolikt att något av dessa klimatmål uppnås under rådande förhållanden.
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Sebastian, Eugene Francis. "PROTEST FROM THE FRINGE: Overseas Students and their Influence on Australia’s Export of Education Services Policy 1983-1996." Discipline of Government and International Relations, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5833.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The thesis investigates the motivations behind, the methods used in, and the results of the overseas students’ collective action contesting the measures, which the Australian government introduced from 1983 to 1996. As a group of temporary residents located outside the boundaries of domestic political systems, yet within the core of Australia’s revenue earnings, overseas students independently mobilised in an attempt to influence the Australian Government policy on education from a position of limited political, social and legal rights. As temporary residents on short-term permits fully regulated under prescribed immigration rules, overseas students employed conventional repertoires of contention— they established formal structures, adopted action tools, framed their claims, internationalised their protest, formed alliances — in an attempt to mobilise resources and access existing avenues to influence government’s export of education services policy. Their mobilisation response and campaign strategy achieved modest success in securing some policy concessions, particularly during the early stages of education aid reform. Their strategy, however had to evolve as the fledgling export of education services expanded and eventually they shifted their position to fully embrace and reinterpret the government’s own ‘language of liberalisation’, which they used to greater effectiveness in making subsequent claims. Overseas students ability to procure concessions is derived not from their political or universal rights to education, but from their ability to influence policy changes based on their importance and strategic location in the Australian economy. In other words, government, universities and industry stakeholders have increasingly become dependent on substantial revenue earnings derived from overseas students and have become susceptible to potential chaos that may be precipitated if current students withdrew from the economy, or potential students choosing alternative education service destinations.
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Wheate, Rhonda Marie Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Jury comprehension and use of forensic science." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38644.
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The ability of jurors and juries to comprehend and utilise scientific evidence in Australian criminal trials has been examined. From mock jury surveys relating to DNA profiling evidence, it was determined that most respondents were able to comprehend some basic and applied statistics, although their ability was in part related to their knowledge of English and their level of education. The point at which mock jurors were prepared to convict an accused solely on the basis of DNA profiling evidence was examined and found to be low compared with the strength of DNA profiling evidence commonly presented in Australian courts. Mock jurors also demonstrated the ability to process evidence that was presented in a Bayesian framework; commencing with prior odds, introducing new information and culminating in posterior odds. From a survey of Australian forensic scientists, including fraud investigators, it was found that most practitioners' concerns could be addressed by greater pre-trial consultation between experts and legal advocates. Improved knowledge within the legal profession concerning the jargon, principles, procedures, limitations and conclusions to be drawn from different scientific disciplines, prior to presenting this evidence in court, is recommended as the means by which complex evidence can be better adduced from expert witnesses and better presented to juries in criminal trials. Finally, from interviewing actual jurors in criminal trials in the Australian Capital Territory it was determined that where jurors' expectations of scientific evidence, particularly DNA profiling evidence, are not met, high levels of juror frustration and speculation may culminate in hung juries. The adversarial setting of criminal proceedings was also found to produce an environment in which jurors felt that information that would assist them in reaching a verdict was being deliberately withheld. The ability of the jury to ask questions and the allowed nature of those questions were also examined, with the resultant recommendation that juries be given more explicit information at the commencement of trials to inform them about their rights and obligations when asking questions.
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de, Bettignies Thibaut. "Sources and supply of kelp detritus : quantifying mechanisms of production." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/564.
Full textAbstract:
In temperate waters, rocky reefs dominated by extremely productive kelp beds export considerable primary production. Despite the extensive body of work on kelp detritus as a trophic subsidy, many questions remain about the production of this detritus. The aim of this thesis was to determine the rate and mechanisms of kelp detritus production, for Ecklonia radiata, the dominant kelp species in temperate Australia. Most of the work was conducted in Marmion Lagoon located 20 km North of Perth, south-western Western Australia, a region strongly influenced by oceanic swell and winter storms. The study comprised of four major components: the impact of kelp morphology on the drag forces acting on kelp thalli; investigation of wound patterns in kelp tissue and the biomechanical implications for kelp detritus production; the relative contribution of erosion of frond material and dislodgement of whole thalli to detritus production; and the relationship between kelp dislodgement and peak water velocities, implemented with a kelp dislodgement model.
The initial work in chapter 1 revealed that only size (total area), not morphology, was important in determining the drag acting on E. radiata at peak velocities. This implied that at storm velocities the only way drag forces acting on a kelp can be reduced is by a reduction of total thallus area (biomass) and not by modification of thallus shape. These results constituted the first step to build a mechanistic model of kelp dislodgement.
In chapter 2, it is shown that wounds were highly abundant on kelps before peaks in winter storms and that simulated wounds caused significant loss of tissue integrity and strength. Collectively, these findings suggest that accumulation of wounds over summer results in kelp pruning (tissue fragmentation) in early winter. Paradoxically, this may increase kelp survival during winter storms because the biomechanical drag is much lower on small, pruned kelps (lower biomass).
Results presented in chapter 3 indicated that erosion accounted for 80% of the annual detrital production with a pulse in autumn, whereas dislodgement accounted for a smaller and more constant proportion throughout the year. Neither erosion nor dislodgement correlated with increasing water velocity. Instead, the pulse of detrital 4 production coincided with sporogenesis, leading to the hypothesis that weakening of structural tissue through the formation and release of spores made E. radiata more susceptible to wound accumulation (Ch. 2) and erosion.
In chapter 4, results are presented that show no increase in kelp dislodgement with increasing water velocity, except during the most severe storms. The dislodgement model indicated that the seasonal variation in individual kelp biomass, resulting from erosion of frond tissue (Ch. 3), resulted in lower susceptibility to dislodgement (lower biomass) at times of peak water velocities. The benefit of erosion in reducing drag acting on the thallus, as proposed in the previous chapters, was therefore demonstrated by the model.
The commonly accepted model of wave-driven mortality of kelp during storms in winter was refined by the results. The experimental, field sampling and modelling studies have been synthesised into an alternative model of kelp dislodgement, in which kelp beds are in dynamic equilibrium with wave disturbance. This equilibrium is mediated through erosion-driven adjustment of individual kelp biomass in autumnwinter which lowers drag on kelp thalli during the period of peak water velocity. This relationship between erosion and the susceptibility of E. radiata to dislodgement suggests an adaptation of the kelp E. radiata to its environment, critical to kelp survival in one of the most hydrodynamically challenging environment.
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Irion, Solène. "Biodiversité de l'écosystème marin et flux de carbone autour de Kerguelen (Océan Austral) : le rôle du petit phytoplancton à l'échelle de la cellule Marked spatiotemporal variations in small phytoplankton structure in contrasted waters of the Southern Ocean (Kerguelen area) Small phytoplankton contribute greatly to CO2-fixation after the diatom bloom in the Southern Ocean." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03178263.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s'intéresse à la diversité du petit phytoplancton (<20 µm) et à sa contribution à la fixation du carbone dans les écosystèmes marins contrastés : la région productive du plateau de Kerguelen d'une part et les zones à faible productivité en dehors du plateau, d'autre part. Le petit phytoplancton domine les communautés phytoplanctoniques tout au long de l'année en dehors du plateau, où les faibles concentrations en fer limitent la production primaire. Le plateau de Kerguelen, naturellement fertilisé en fer, est quant à lui caractérisé par le développement au printemps-été de blooms massifs de diatomées en chaîne et de grande taille. Depuis la découverte du mécanisme de fertilisation naturelle en fer sur le plateau, l'attention de la communauté scientifique s'est focalisée sur les diatomées de grande taille, qui favoriseraient la séquestration du carbone sur la zone. Toutefois, les données satellitaires suggéraient que le petit phytoplancton dominait les communautés phytoplanctoniques en dehors du bloom sur l'ensemble de la zone. Le premier objectif de ce travail visait à obtenir une image fine de la diversité du petit et grand phytoplancton après le bloom de diatomées (Mars 2018). Un fragment de l'ADNr 18S des communautés planctoniques de petite (0.2-20 µm) et grande taille (20-100 µm), collectées à plusieurs profondeurs, a été séquencé par la méthode Illumina MiSeq. Les séquences ainsi obtenues ont permis de déterminer la diversité taxonomique moléculaire du petit et grand phytoplancton. En surface, les diatomées étaient majoritaires dans la grande fraction de taille tandis que Phaeocystis antartica était particulièrement important dans la petite fraction sur l'ensemble de la zone d'étude. Dans leur ensemble, les communautés de petit phytoplancton différaient sur et en dehors du plateau. Des concentrations élevées en acide silicilique en dehors du plateau favorisaient la présence d'un assemblage varié de diatomées de petite taille, tandis que de fortes concentrations en ammonium sur le plateau pourraient favoriser le développement de picophytoplancton du genre Micromonas. L'utilisation de marqueurs pigmentaires chémotaxonomiques a permis de décrire la succession temporelle des communautés phytoplanctoniques sur le plateau, dominées par les diatomées du début au déclin du bloom, tandis que la contribution du petit phytoplancton augmentait fortement après le bloom (moins de 10% à 53% de la chlorophylle). Le deuxième objectif de cette thèse était d'établir la contribution relative de différents groupes phytoplanctoniques à la fixation globale de carbone, en prenant en compte les différences inter- et intra-groupe dans l'activité métabolique de cellules individuelles. Pour ce faire, des communautés planctoniques naturelles ont été incubées en présence d'un traceur isotopique (NaH¹³CO₃) en reproduisant les conditions in situ. La fixation du carbone au niveau cellulaire a été mesurée par imagerie NanoSIMS et SIMS. Les grandes diatomées (>20 µm) montraient des taux de croissance faibles et variables d'une cellule à l'autre, avec 19±13% de diatomées inactives. Inversement, les petites cellules, appartenant à des taxons phylogénétiques éloignés (prymnesiophytes, prasinophytes et petites diatomées) étaient majoritairement en croissance active (>98%). Par conséquent, le petit phytoplancton contribuait de 41 à 70% à la fixation du carbone sur l'ensemble de la zone après le bloom. Tandis que le petit phytoplancton contribuait de façon importante à la fixation de carbone et à la biomasse chlorophyllienne en surface, les diatomées dominaient dans les données pigmentaires et de séquençage en dessous de 200 m, indiquant leur export préférentiel par sédimentation directe. Cependant, un faisceau d'indices suggère que le phytoplancton de petite taille, en particulier Phaeocystis, pourrait participer à l'export de carbone par agrégation, ainsi que via les réseaux trophiques et la production de pelotes fécales des brouteursThis thesis focuses on small phytoplankton diversity (<20 µm) and its contribution to CO₂-fixation in contrasted marine ecosytems : the productive Kerguelen Plateau (KP) on the one hand and low productive surrounding waters on the other han. Iron-limited phytoplankton communities off-plateau are dominated by small cells all year long, whereas natural iron-fertilization over the KP promotes the seasonal development of chain-forming or large diatom blooms in spring and summer. Since the demonstration of natural iron fertilization on-plateau, the scientific community focused on large diatoms, assumed to promote carbon sequestration in the area. However, satellite data suggest that small phytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton communities outside of the bloom period on- and off-plateau. Consequently, this thesis had two main objectives. The first objective of this work was to obtain a precise image of the diversity of small and large phytoplankton after the diatom bloom (March 2018). A fragment of the 18S rRNA gene from small (0.2-20 µm) and large (20-100 µm) planktonic communities collected at discrete depths (down to 300 m), was sequenced (Illumina MiSeq) and used as an identity marker gene to determine the taxonomic diversity of small and large phytoplankton. At the surface, diatoms were dominant in the large-size fraction, while Phaeocystis antartica was particularly abundant in the small-size fraction, over the entire study area. As a whole, small phytoplankton communities were significantly different on- and off-plateau. High concentrations of silicic acid off-plateau favored the presence of a diverse assemblage of small diatoms, while high concentrations of ammonium on-plateau likely promoted the development of pico-sized Micromonas. Using chemotaxonomic pigments markers allowed the description of the temporal succession of phytoplankton communities on-plateau, dominated by diatoms from the onset to the decline of the bloom, while the contribution of small phytoplankton increased sharply after the bloom (less than 10% to 53% chlorophyll). The second objective of this thesis was to establish the relative contribution of different phytoplankton groups to bulk CO₂-fixation, considering inter- and intra-group differences in the metabolic activity if individual cells. To do so, natural planktonic communities were incubated mimicking in situ conditions in the presence of an isotopic tracer (NaH¹³CO₃). CO₂-fixation by small and large cells was then measured at the single cell level by NanoSIMS and SIMS imaging (mass spectrometry with lateral resolution of 50 nm and 1 µm, respectively). Large diatoms (> 20 µm) showed highly variable growth rates with 19±13 % inactive diatoms, whereas small cells, affiliated to distant phylogenetic taxa (prymnesiophytes, prasinophytes and small diatoms) were actively growing (>98%). This showed that small phytoplankton contributed to 41-70% of CO₂-fixation over the entire area after the bloom. While small phytoplankton contributed significantly to CO₂-fixation and chlorophyll biomass at the surface, diatoms dominated in pigment and sequencing data below 200 m, indicating their preferential export by direct sedimentation. However, a body of evidence suggests that small phytoplankton, in particular Phaeocystis, may contribute to carbon export through aggregation, as well as via the production of fecal pellets from grazers
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Boriraj, Jumpoth. "Analysing and modelling international trade patterns of the Australian wine industry in the world wine market." Thesis, full-text, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2037/.
Full textAbstract:
Since the mid-1980s, trade liberalisation has encouraged the growth of Australia’s international trade. The Australian wine industry has been successful in the world wine market, achieving a significant growth in production and export sales since the 1990s. In this context, this thesis attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the patterns and determinants of Australia’s international trade in wines for the period 1980-2004. The general aim of this thesis is to analyse the Australian wine industry based on the economic theories of inter-industry trade and intra-industry trade and to model wine export and import relationships.
Indicators of Australia’s trade performance in wines in terms of trade specialisation index, export propensity, import penetration, and the ratio of exports to imports indicate that Australia has become a net-exporter and has experienced a specialisation in wine trade since 1987. This signifies a high degree of international trade competitiveness in Australia’s wines. The results of Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage index and Vollrath’s revealed competitive advantage indexes suggest that, among the wine producing countries, Australia has a comparative advantage and competitive advantage in wines. The significant year was 1987 when Australia first experienced comparative and competitive advantage. The important explanation for this turning point is Australia’s trade liberalisation policy in the mid-1980s.
Based on econometric concepts of unit root and cointegration, the unrestricted error correction model is applied to analyse the determinants of Australia’s wine exports and imports separately in the models of export supply, export demand, and import demand. The results suggest that the relative price of wine exports and the long-run production capacity have had a positive influence on the supply of wine exports. However, Australia’s wine exports are not very responsive to changes in export price. Although the trade liberalisation shows a positive impact on the supply of wine exports, it is not statistically significant. Foreign demand for Australia’s wine exports has had a significant negative response to changes in the relative price of exports and a significant positive response to the depreciation of the Australian dollar in both the short run and long run. A low value of the price elasticity of foreign demand may reveal that Australia has some market power in relation to its exports of differentiated or unique wines to the world market. The demand for wine imports by Australia is inelastic with respect to the relative price of wine imports but more elastic to Australia’s income.
The standard Grubel-Lloyd index is used to examine the extent of intra-industry trade of Australia and major world-wine trading countries. The index is also applied to Australia’s bilateral intra-industry trade in wines with its major trading countries. To measure the growth of intra-industry trade for Australia’s wines, the concept of marginal intra-industry trade is applied, together with Menon-Dixon’s approach. The results indicate that the world wine industry is more likely to be characterised by inter-industry trade which is based on the significance of comparative advantage and factor endowments rather than intra-industry trade. Australia has a relatively small intra-industry trade in wines. This is due to the fact that the values of Australia’s wine exports are very much higher than those of its imports. The extent of bilateral intra-industry trade in wines between Australia and its major trading partners is also small. However, the levels of bilateral intra-industry trade between Australia and New Zealand are relatively high. The growth of intra-industry trade in wines between Australia and most of the major wine-producing countries is due to the contributions of export growth to the growth in intra-industry trade, which imply that Australia is a net importer of wines from these countries. On the other hand, the percentage growth of intra-industry trade in wines between Australia and Germany, the U.S., the U.K., New Zealand, Canada, and Japan is due to the contributions of import growth to the growth in intra-industry trade, which imply that Australia is a net exporter of wines to these countries.
The extent of Australia’s intra-industry trade with the rest of the world will be higher when the industry gains more scale economies. Contrary to the theoretical suggestions, product differentiations, degree of trade openness, and exchange rate have had negative relationships with Australia’s intra-industry trade in wines. With regard to Australia’s bilateral intra-industry trade with its nine major wine trading partners (France, Italy, Spain, Germany, the U.S., South Africa, New Zealand, the U.K. and Japan), the intensity of intra-industry trade in wines is statistically and positively related to the ratio of capital to labour, trade openness, common culture, and the regional trade arrangements.
The policy implications of the analysis of the determinants of Australia’s intra-industry trade in wines are that the government policy should be oriented towards increases in the production capacity of the Australian wine industry in order to achieve higher economies of scale. In addition, the Australian government should promote regional economic integration and trade liberalisation involving wine trade between close and economically similar economies.
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O'Leary, Rebecca A. "Informed statistical modelling of habitat suitability for rare and threatened species." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/17779/1/Rebecca_O%27Leary_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis a number of statistical methods have been developed and applied to habitat suitability modelling for rare and threatened species. Data available on these species are typically limited. Therefore, developing these models from these data can be problematic and may produce prediction biases. To address these problems there are three aims of this thesis. The _rst aim is to develop and implement frequentist and Bayesian statistical modelling approaches for these types of data. The second aim is develop and implement expert elicitation methods. The third aim is to apply these novel approaches to Australian rare and threatened species case studies with the intention of habitat suitability modelling. The _rst aim is ful_lled by investigating two innovative approaches for habitat suitability modelling and sensitivity analysis of the second approach to priors. The _rst approach is a new multilevel framework developed to model the species distribution at multiple scales and identify excess zeros (absences outside the species range). Applying a statistical modelling approach to the identi_cation of excess zeros has not previously been conducted. The second approach is an extension and application of Bayesian classi_cation trees to modelling the habitat suitability of a threatened species. This is the _rst `real' application of this approach in ecology. Lastly, sensitivity analysis of the priors in Bayesian classi_cation trees are examined for a real case study. Previously, sensitivity analysis of this approach to priors has not been examined. To address the second aim, expert elicitation methods are developed, extended and compared in this thesis. In particular, one elicitation approach is extended from previous research, there is a comparison of three elicitation methods, and one new elicitation approach is proposed. These approaches are illustrated for habitat suitability modelling of a rare species and the opinions of one or two experts are elicited. The _rst approach utilises a simple questionnaire, in which expert opinion is elicited on whether increasing values of a covariate either increases, decreases or does not substantively impact on a response. This approach is extended to express this information as a mixture of three normally distributed prior distributions, which are then combined with available presence/absence data in a logistic regression. This is one of the _rst elicitation approaches within the habitat suitability modelling literature that is appropriate for experts with limited statistical knowledge and can be used to elicit information from single or multiple experts. Three relatively new approaches to eliciting expert knowledge in a form suitable for Bayesian logistic regression are compared, one of which is the questionnaire approach. Included in this comparison of three elicitation methods are a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods, the results from elicitations and comparison of the prior and posterior distributions. An expert elicitation approach is developed for classi_cation trees, in which the size and structure of the tree is elicited. There have been numerous elicitation approaches proposed for logistic regression, however no approaches have been suggested for classi_cation trees. The last aim of this thesis is addressed in all chapters, since the statistical approaches proposed and extended in this thesis have been applied to real case studies. Two case studies have been examined in this thesis. The _rst is the rare native Australian thistle (Stemmacantha australis), in which the dataset contains a large number of absences distributed over the majority of Queensland, and a small number of presence sites that are only within South-East Queensland. This case study motivated the multilevel modelling framework. The second case study is the threatened Australian brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata). The application and sensitivity analysis of Bayesian classi_cation trees, and all expert elicitation approaches investigated in this thesis are applied to this case study. This work has several implications for conservation and management of rare and threatened species. Novel statistical approaches addressing the _rst aim provide extensions to currently existing methods, or propose a new approach, for identi _cation of current and potential habitat. We demonstrate that better model predictions can be achieved using each method, compared to standard techniques. Elicitation approaches addressing the second aim ensure expert knowledge in various forms can be harnessed for habitat modelling, a particular bene_t for rare and threatened species which typically have limited data. Throughout, innovations in statistical methodology are both motivated and illustrated via habitat modelling for two rare and threatened species: the native thistle Stemmacantha australis and the brush-tailed rock wallaby Petrogale penicillata.
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O'Leary, Rebecca A. "Informed statistical modelling of habitat suitability for rare and threatened species." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17779/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis a number of statistical methods have been developed and applied to habitat suitability modelling for rare and threatened species. Data available on these species are typically limited. Therefore, developing these models from these data can be problematic and may produce prediction biases. To address these problems there are three aims of this thesis. The _rst aim is to develop and implement frequentist and Bayesian statistical modelling approaches for these types of data. The second aim is develop and implement expert elicitation methods. The third aim is to apply these novel approaches to Australian rare and threatened species case studies with the intention of habitat suitability modelling. The _rst aim is ful_lled by investigating two innovative approaches for habitat suitability modelling and sensitivity analysis of the second approach to priors. The _rst approach is a new multilevel framework developed to model the species distribution at multiple scales and identify excess zeros (absences outside the species range). Applying a statistical modelling approach to the identi_cation of excess zeros has not previously been conducted. The second approach is an extension and application of Bayesian classi_cation trees to modelling the habitat suitability of a threatened species. This is the _rst `real' application of this approach in ecology. Lastly, sensitivity analysis of the priors in Bayesian classi_cation trees are examined for a real case study. Previously, sensitivity analysis of this approach to priors has not been examined. To address the second aim, expert elicitation methods are developed, extended and compared in this thesis. In particular, one elicitation approach is extended from previous research, there is a comparison of three elicitation methods, and one new elicitation approach is proposed. These approaches are illustrated for habitat suitability modelling of a rare species and the opinions of one or two experts are elicited. The _rst approach utilises a simple questionnaire, in which expert opinion is elicited on whether increasing values of a covariate either increases, decreases or does not substantively impact on a response. This approach is extended to express this information as a mixture of three normally distributed prior distributions, which are then combined with available presence/absence data in a logistic regression. This is one of the _rst elicitation approaches within the habitat suitability modelling literature that is appropriate for experts with limited statistical knowledge and can be used to elicit information from single or multiple experts. Three relatively new approaches to eliciting expert knowledge in a form suitable for Bayesian logistic regression are compared, one of which is the questionnaire approach. Included in this comparison of three elicitation methods are a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods, the results from elicitations and comparison of the prior and posterior distributions. An expert elicitation approach is developed for classi_cation trees, in which the size and structure of the tree is elicited. There have been numerous elicitation approaches proposed for logistic regression, however no approaches have been suggested for classi_cation trees. The last aim of this thesis is addressed in all chapters, since the statistical approaches proposed and extended in this thesis have been applied to real case studies. Two case studies have been examined in this thesis. The _rst is the rare native Australian thistle (Stemmacantha australis), in which the dataset contains a large number of absences distributed over the majority of Queensland, and a small number of presence sites that are only within South-East Queensland. This case study motivated the multilevel modelling framework. The second case study is the threatened Australian brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata). The application and sensitivity analysis of Bayesian classi_cation trees, and all expert elicitation approaches investigated in this thesis are applied to this case study. This work has several implications for conservation and management of rare and threatened species. Novel statistical approaches addressing the _rst aim provide extensions to currently existing methods, or propose a new approach, for identi _cation of current and potential habitat. We demonstrate that better model predictions can be achieved using each method, compared to standard techniques. Elicitation approaches addressing the second aim ensure expert knowledge in various forms can be harnessed for habitat modelling, a particular bene_t for rare and threatened species which typically have limited data. Throughout, innovations in statistical methodology are both motivated and illustrated via habitat modelling for two rare and threatened species: the native thistle Stemmacantha australis and the brush-tailed rock wallaby Petrogale penicillata.
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Lemaitre, Nolwenn. "Approche multi-proxy (Thorium-234, Baryum en excès) des flux d'export et de reminéralisation du carbone et des éléments nutritifs associés à la pompe biologique océanique." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0009/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les différents facteurs contrôlant la pompe biologique de carbone en Atlantique Nord et dans l’Océan Austral, à proximité des îles Kerguelen, en utilisant notamment deux approches: le Thorium-234 (234Th) et le baryum biogénique (Baxs).En Atlantique Nord, les flux d’export de carbone organique particulaire (POC) augmentent lorsqu’ils sont associés à des minéraux biogéniques (silice biogénique et carbonate de calcium) et lithogènes, capable de lester les particules. L’efficacité d’export, généralement plus faible que précédemment supposé (< 10%), est inversement corrélée à la production, soulignant un décalage temporel entre production et export. La plus forte efficacité de transfert, i.e. la fraction de POC atteignant 400m, est reliée à des particules lestées par du carbonate de calcium ou des minéraux lithogènes.Les flux de reminéralisation mésopélagique sont similaires ou parfois supérieurs aux flux d’exports et dépendent de l’intensité du développement phytoplanctonique, de la structure en taille, des communautés phytoplanctoniques et des processus physiques (advection verticale).Comme observé pour le POC, l’export des éléments traces est influencé par les particules lithogènes provenant des marges océaniques, mais aussi des différentes espèces phytoplanctoniques.Dans l’Océan Austral, la zone à proximité de l’île de Kerguelen est naturellement fertilisée en fer, augmentant les flux d’export de fer, d’azote et de silice biogénique. Il a été démontré que la variabilité des flux dépendait des communautés phytoplanctoniques dans la zone fertiliséeThe main objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the different controls that affect the oceanic biological carbon pump. Particulate export and remineralization fluxes were investigated using the thorium-234 (234Th) and biogenic barium (Baxs) proxies.In the North Atlantic, the highest particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes were associated to biogenic (biogenic silica or calcium carbonate) and lithogenic minerals, ballasting the particles.Export efficiency was generally low (< 10%) and inversely related to primary production, highlighting a phase lag between production and export. The highest transfer efficiencies, i.e. the fraction of POC that reached 400m, were driven by sinking particles ballasted by calcite or lithogenic minerals.The regional variation of mesopelagic remineralization was attributed to changes in bloom intensity, phytoplankton cell size, community structure and physical forcing (downwelling). Carbon remineralization balanced, or even exceeded, POC export, highlighting the impact of mesopelagic remineralization on the biological pump with a near-zero, deep carbon sequestration for spring 2014.Export of trace metals appeared strongly influenced by lithogenic material advected from the margins. However, at open ocean stations not influenced by lithogenic matter, trace metal export rather depended on phytoplankton activity and biomass.A last part of this work focused on export of biogenic silica, particulate nitrogen and iron near the Kerguelen Island. This area is characterized by a natural iron-fertilization that increases export fluxes. Inside the fertilized area, flux variability is related to phytoplankton community composition
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Kirkby, S. D. (Stephen Denis). "Managing dryland salinisation with an integrated expert system/geographic information system / S.D. Kirkby." 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21517.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 119-218.xiv, 218 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Salt Manager represents the software system developed by this thesis to implement an interactive land classification methodology. An Expert System (ES), a Geographic Information System (GIS), remotely sensed information and a relational database management system (RDBMS) have been utilised to construct the methodology.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography, 1995
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Kirkby, S. D. (Stephen Denis). "Managing dryland salinisation with an integrated expert system/geographic information system / S.D. Kirkby." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21517.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 119-218.xiv, 218 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Salt Manager represents the software system developed by this thesis to implement an interactive land classification methodology. An Expert System (ES), a Geographic Information System (GIS), remotely sensed information and a relational database management system (RDBMS) have been utilised to construct the methodology.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography, 1995
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Czembor, Christina Anne. "Incorporating uncertainty into expert models for management of box-ironbark forests and woodlands in Victoria, Australia." 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5801.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropogenic utilization of forest and woodland ecosystems can cause declines in flora and fauna species. It is imperative to restore these ecosystems to mitigate further declines. In this thesis, I focused on a highly degraded region, the Box-Ironbark forests and woodlands of Victoria, Australia. Rather than mature stands with large trees, stands are currently dominated by high densities of small stems. This change has resulted in reduced populations of many flora and fauna species dependent on older-growth forests and woodlands. Managers are interested in restoring mature Box-Ironbark forests and woodlands through three alternative management strategies: allocating land to National Parks and allowing stands to develop naturally without harvesting, modifying timber harvesting regimes to retain more medium and large trees, or a new ecological thinning technique that retains target habitat trees and removes competing trees to encourage growth of retained stems.The effects of each management strategy are not easy to predict due to complex interactions between intervention and stochastic natural processes. Forest simulation models are often employed to overcome this problem. I constructed state-and-transition simulation models (STSMs) to predict the effects of alternative management actions and natural disturbances on vegetation structure. Due to a lack of empirical data, I relied on the knowledge of experts in Box-Ironbark ecology and management to construct STSMs. Models predicted that the development of mature woodlands under all strategies was minimal over the next 150 years, and neither current harvesting nor ecological thinning is likely to expedite the development of mature stands relative to growth and natural disturbances. However, differences in experts’ opinions led to widely diverging model predictions.
Uncertainty must be acknowledged in model construction because it can affect model predictions. I quantified uncertainty due to four sources – between-expert variation, imperfect expert knowledge, natural stochasticity, and model parameterization – to determine which source caused the most variance in model predictions. I found that models were very uncertain and between-expert uncertainty contributed the majority of variance in model predictions. This brings into question the use of consensus methods in forest management where differences between experts are ignored.
Using uncertain model predictions to make management decisions is problematic because any given action can have many plausible outcomes. I applied several decision criteria to uncertain STSM predictions using a formal decision-making framework to determine the optimal management action in Box-Ironbark forests and woodlands. I found that natural development is the most risk-averse option, while ecological thinning is the most risky option because there is a small likelihood that it will greatly expedite the development of mature woodlands. Rather than selecting one option, managers could rely on a risk-spreading approach where the majority of land is allocated to no-cutting National Parks and a small amount of land is allocated to the other two harvesting strategies. This would allow managers to collect monitoring data for all management strategies in order to learn about effects of harvesting and update model predictions through time using adaptive management.
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Massey, Philip. "An expert system for a legal office." Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18190/.
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The subject of this thesis is the use of Information Technology (IT) to assist in the resolution of cases
that appear before the Family Law Court in Australia. IT is used to assist in two processes. The first
process is the intelligent gathering and preparation of information for Family Law cases. The second
process is the modeling of case-decisions by the Family Law Court. The first process is covered in this
thesis and the second process is part of the Andrew Stranieri's doctorate research at La Trobe
University. Legal Interaction Charts (LIC) are developed to model procedures a Family Law solicitor
carries out when gathering information and preparing a case. Sequenced Event Charts (SEC) are
developed to implement LICs on a computer.
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Smith, Marcus. "Universal law and genetic : the future development of DNA evidence in the Australian criminal justice system." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148373.
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Kannan, Selvi. "Perspectives on knowledge retention and loss from expert attrition : an organisational case study." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/34846/.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation’s major theoretical contribution involves constructing an experts’ perspective conceptualisation that is guided by Nonaka and Takeuchi’s (1995) SECI Model. A framework is developed for managing and retaining knowledge based on the identification of critical knowledge areas that have been lost.
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Toomey, Mary Therese. "Understanding the determinants of health for Australian high-performance athletes: A mixed- methods exploration of a multi-disciplinary, multi-sport panel of expert high-performance sport health practitioners." Thesis, 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43937/.
Full textAbstract:
High-performance athletes are known to be at risk of adverse physical and mental health outcomes related to the extreme performance demands they face. Australian high-performance sport has traditionally been reactive to the healthcare needs of athletes who present having experienced compromised health, whether that be in the form of an illness, an injury, or a mental health challenge. Recently, there has been a move toward implementing limited health promotion approaches addressing identified health risks in the current athlete/sport environment. At present, there is no theoretical framework to help those working with this highly selective group to promote the development and maintenance of optimal holistic health. Moreover, the early and ongoing development of optimal holistic athlete health has not commonly been viewed as a performance requirement within sporting organisations. This research aimed to understand health and its determinants for Australian high-performance athletes from the perspective of a representative sample of expert health practitioners who currently work or have recently worked in high-performance sports healthcare. Determinants of health are factors that influence how likely we are to stay healthy or become ill/ injured. Understanding these determinants will help researchers and practitioners develop a theoretical health promotion framework that may be applied broadly across Australian high-performance sport. This study used a mixed-methods approach, including a Delphi survey and subsequent semi-structured one-to-one qualitative interviews to derive a consensus on athlete health determinants and the factors which influence these. The purpose of the qualitative interviews was to explore, more deeply, the experiences, beliefs and thinking behind participant responses to the questions posed in the Delphi survey, to add both nuance and context to those responses. The Delphi survey was conducted at two time points over a period of three months. Descriptive statistical analysis of the Delphi survey results demonstrated that there was general recognition of the relevance of the World Health Organisation definition of health and its determinants to the health of high-performance athletes, a finding that is not usually evident in the literature, nor reflected in the provision of health services to this population cohort. Thematic analysis of the Delphi survey data, using a socio-ecological theoretical lens, revealed a need to consider a broader range of influences on athlete health than those that relate specifically to participation in high-performance sport. These include geographic isolation, access to appropriate health services, ethnicity, and socio- economic status. The interview findings revealed that there is a need to apply additional consideration to factors that can be categorized as social determinants of health in healthcare planning for, and management of, Australian high-performance athletes. This study's findings will help form a theoretical framework for Australian high-performance athlete health. Specifically, this framework would address the need for sporting organisations to create and provide health-promoting environments for their athletes and to support athletes in developing their capacity to manage better the impact of the health stressors to which they are exposed, as identified by the high-performance healthcare experts surveyed in this study.
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Broadbent, Stephen J. "Australia's defence export policy." Master's thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145187.
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