Academic literature on the topic 'Expert Australia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Expert Australia"

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Cutajar, Timothy P., Christopher D. Portway, Grace L. Gillard, and Jodi J. L. Rowley. "Australian Frog Atlas: species’ distribution maps informed by the FrogID dataset." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 36 (June 29, 2022): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.36.2022.1789.

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We use data from the citizen science project FrogID, comprised of expert-validated, spatially accurate occurrence records of frog species across Australia, to map the known distributions of Australia’s frogs. We combined over half a million occurrence records of 209 species from the FrogID dataset with expert-checked occurrence data from the national biodiversity data aggregate (Atlas of Living Australia) and published literature, to create distribution maps for all 247 native frog species known from Australia and the introduced cane toad (Rhinella marina). These maps represent the most up-to-date, accurate and detailed set of Australian frog species maps available, and reveal species richness patterns across the continent. They are an Open Access resource for researchers, conservation practitioners and land managers, with the aim of better understanding and conserving Australia’s frogs. This is version one of the Australian Frog Atlas, which we expect to update on an approximately annual basis. The Australian Frog Atlas maps—as shapefiles and in KML format—are published online as an Open Access supplemental dataset (see Cutajar et al., 2021).
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ROCHE, S. E., S. COSTARD, J. MEERS, H. E. FIELD, and A. C. BREED. "Assessing the risk of Nipah virus establishment in Australian flying-foxes." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 10 (February 4, 2014): 2213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003336.

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SUMMARYNipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged zoonotic virus that causes severe disease in humans. The reservoir hosts for NiV, bats of the genus Pteropus (known as flying-foxes) are found across the Asia-Pacific including Australia. While NiV has not been detected in Australia, evidence for NiV infection has been found in flying-foxes in some of Australia's closest neighbours. A qualitative risk assessment was undertaken to assess the risk of NiV establishing in Australian flying-foxes through flying-fox movements from nearby regions. Events surrounding the emergence of new diseases are typically uncertain and in this study an expert opinion workshop was used to address gaps in knowledge. Given the difficulties in combining expert opinion, five different combination methods were analysed to assess their influence on the risk outcome. Under the baseline scenario where the median was used to combine opinions, the risk was estimated to be very low. However, this risk increased when the mean and linear opinion pooling combination methods were used. This assessment highlights the effects that different methods for combining expert opinion have on final risk estimates and the caution needed when interpreting these outcomes given the high degree of uncertainty in expert opinion. This work has provided a flexible model framework for assessing the risk of NiV establishment in Australian flying-foxes through bat movements which can be updated when new data become available.
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Harrigan, Peter. "Australia seeks to improve expert witriesses." Lancet 346, no. 8991-8992 (December 1995): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92856-1.

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Smith, Arthur. "Becoming Expert in the World of Experts: Factors Affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Participation and Career Path Development in Australian Universities." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 25, no. 2 (October 1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100002702.

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In the recent history of Australia Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders have only had widespread access to a university education for approximately 20 years. Before this, Indigenous graduates from Australian universities were relatively few. Universities were seen as complex, often alien places in Indigenous cultural terms; institutions of European Australian social empowerment and credentialling from which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff and students were virtually excluded.
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VALLY, H., K. GLASS, L. FORD, G. HALL, M. D. KIRK, C. SHADBOLT, M. G. K. VEITCH, K. E. FULLERTON, J. MUSTO, and N. BECKER. "Evaluation of a structured expert elicitation estimating the proportion of illness acquired by foodborne transmission for nine enteric pathogens in Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 5 (October 12, 2015): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815002435.

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SUMMARYEstimates of the proportion of illness transmitted by food for different enteric pathogens are essential for foodborne burden-of-disease studies. Owing to insufficient scientific data, a formal synthesis of expert opinion, an expert elicitation, is commonly used to produce such estimates. Eleven experts participated in an elicitation to estimate the proportion of illnesses due to food in Australia for nine pathogens over three rounds: first, based on their own knowledge alone; second, after being provided with systematic reviews of the literature and Australian data; and finally, at a workshop where experts reflected on the evidence. Estimates changed significantly across the three rounds (P= 0·002) as measured by analysis of variance. Following the workshop in round 3, estimates showed smoother distributions with significantly less variation for several pathogens. When estimates were combined to provide combined distributions for each pathogen, the width of these combined distributions reflected experts’ perceptions of the availability of evidence, with narrower intervals for pathogens for which evidence was judged to be strongest. Our findings show that the choice of expert elicitation process can significantly influence final estimates. Our structured process – and the workshop in particular – produced robust estimates and distributions appropriate for inclusion in burden-of-disease studies.
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Curtis, Allan, and Terry De Lacy. "Landcare in Australia: Beyond the expert farmer." Agriculture and Human Values 13, no. 1 (December 1996): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01530464.

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Griffin, Jonathan D., Trevor I. Allen, and Matthew C. Gerstenberger. "Seismic Hazard Assessment in Australia: Can Structured Expert Elicitation Achieve Consensus in the “Land of the Fair Go”?" Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 2A (January 2, 2020): 859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190186.

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Abstract The 2018 National Seismic Hazard Assessment of Australia incorporated 19 alternative seismic-source models developed by members of the Australian seismological community. The diversity of these models demonstrates the deep epistemic uncertainty that exists with regards to how best to characterize seismicity in stable continental regions. In the face of similarly high uncertainty, a diverse range of ground-motion models was proposed for use. A complex logic tree was developed to incorporate the alternative component models into a single hazard model. Expert opinion was drawn upon to weight the alternative logic-tree branches through a structured expert elicitation process. Expert elicitation aims to transparently and reproducibly characterize the community distribution of expert estimates for uncertain quantities and thereby quantify the epistemic uncertainty around estimates of seismic hazard in Australia. We achieve a multimodel rational consensus in which each model, and each expert, is, in accordance with the Australian cultural myth of egalitarianism, given a “fair go”—that is, judged on their merits rather than their status. Yet despite this process, we find that the results are not universally accepted. A key issue is a contested boundary between what is scientifically reducible and what remains epistemologically uncertain, with a particular focus on the earthquake catalog. Furthermore, a reduction, on average, of 72% for the 10% in 50 yr probability of exceedance peak ground acceleration levels compared with those underpinning existing building design standards, challenges the choice of metrics upon which design codes are based. Both quantification of the bounds of epistemic uncertainties through expert elicitation and reduction of epistemic uncertainties through scientific advances have changed our understanding of how the hazard behaves. Dialog between scientists, engineers, and policy makers is required to ensure that as our understanding of the hazard evolves, the hazard metrics used to underpin risk management decisions are re-evaluated to ensure societal aims are achieved.
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Crosby, Neil, Diana Kincaid, John Murdoch, and Anthony Lavers. "Expert valuation witnesses in Australia and the UK." Journal of Property Research 20, no. 3 (January 2003): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0959991032000141034.

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Zinn, C. "Australia aims for list of expert medical witnesses." BMJ 311, no. 7007 (September 16, 1995): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7007.709a.

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Crosby, Neil, Diana Kincaid, and John Murdoch. "The Performance of Expert Valuation Witnesses in Australia." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 7, no. 2 (January 2001): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2001.11104097.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expert Australia"

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Bukarica, Marija, and marijab@unimelb edu au. "The technical expert assumes managerial responsibilities: an Interpretivist perspective on transition in Australia." RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091005.140123.

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In this study, Interpretivist epistemology and abductive research strategy were used to examine transcripts of sixteen two-hour focused interviews. The research sample was a group of technical experts who assumed managerial responsibilities within their organisations (transitional managers). The subjectively perceived experiences of the transition were examined as well as the respondents' intersubjective interpretations of the transition from the organisational perspective. The aim was to explore the perceived characteristics of the transitional experience. The main findings of this study could be summarised as follows: firstly, it was found that there were three main types of transitional managers: the unwilling, the pragmatic and the eager managers. Secondly, the key motivations to take the manager role for all three categories were higher remuneration, technical peer respect and the respondent's new role as an organisational decision-maker. The third finding of this study was that there were two types of transitions, the complete transition which the majority of the eager managers went through and the technical transition which was experienced by the unwilling and the pragmatic managers. Related to that finding was the link between the type of organisation, its culture and the leadership skills required in that organisation. The fourth finding was that, irrespective of the amount of time in the manager role (six months to eleven years) or the type of transition (complete or technical), all respondents in this study continued to identify themselves as technical experts with the respondents who underwent a complete transition also seeing themselves as managers. Related to this finding was the respondents' continued identification as technical experts being largely due to their need to identify with their peers (other technical experts). The fifth major finding of this study related to a lack of career planning by the respondents and little or no succession and management development planning by the respondents' organisations. In a contribution to the theory of leadership studies, this study examined leadership as a social process, building on the existing leadership concepts and theories and putting them in a social context of subjective efforts by the researcher to interpret the respondents' transitional experiences through typification of the leadership characteristics into seven themes. The need to apply an individual contextualisation was seen as essential to understanding the transitional managers' response to their own transition. In doing so, the study has contributed towards narrowing the existing empirical literature gap on the transition processes. The contributions of this study need to be seen in the context that explorative research such as the one carried out here is not considered generalisable, as its aim was to explore and describe particular phenomena. Nevertheless, insights from this study were eight
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Mildenhall, Paula. "An exploratory case study using an expert learning process designed to promote number sense in a year 6 classroom." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/663.

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Keller, Bradley Scott. "A profile of game style, physical, technical and tactical skills, and the pathways that underpin expertise in Australian youth soccer players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2145.

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The attainment of expertise has been the focus of research in many domains including music, chess and sport. This research has progressed with many theories detailing the best way to develop expertise and nurture talent in sport. Soccer is a multifaceted sport which requires a number of physical, technical and tactical skills to be successful, making it difficult to achieve expertise. Although Australia’s performance on the international stage is improving, there is a lack of evidence to inform the most effective development pathways to support the next wave of talented youth soccer players. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to understand what is required to be an expert in Australian youth soccer, and which environmental factors can influence the development of expertise in youth soccer players. To enhance our understanding of the development of expertise in Australian soccer, the current thesis was guided by the Expert Performance Approach (Ericsson & Smith, 1991) and included three individual studies which captured expert performance, identified underlying mechanisms and examined how expertise was developed. Sixty-two male soccer players (17.0 ± 0.61 y) who represented three cohorts in Australian youth soccer; national elite (Australian Institute of Sport), state elite (state institute) and sub-elite (state league) participated in this study. Study One captured expert performance through an in-depth analysis of the match characteristics of the three levels of expertise. A total of 24 matches across the three levels of expertise in Australian youth soccer were analysed, with each match videoed and manually coded using SportsCode according to frequently used match characteristics from the literature. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to see if teams with similar technical characteristics could be grouped together in order to make inferences about distinctive tactics and game styles. There were three game styles identified across the cohorts, with the state and national elite cohorts forming two distinct clusters, whilst the sub-elite teams clustered together based on technical output. More specifically, the two elite cohorts executed two different possession styles of play, while the sub-elite cohort played a direct style of game. Although it was clear that technical output and game styles differed across cohorts, it was not clear which underlying mechanisms allowed teams to play this way. The aim of Study Two was to identify which skills could distinguish the three levels of Australian youth soccer players and contribute to an explanation of the different game styles identified in Study One. This was done using a multifaceted testing battery including physical, technical and tactical tests. The physical tests included intermittent endurance, sprinting, change of direction and vertical jumps, the technical tests included short and long passing, dribbling and shooting, while the tactical test was a perceptual-cognitive decision-making task which required players to choose the correct option in a video-based task. There were a number of physical, technical and tactical outcome measures that could distinguish between cohorts based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. The most prominent tests included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, 30m sprint and 20m flying start, height, Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, long passing test, ball control, shooting test and perceptual-cognitive decision-making task. Furthermore, the multidimensional analysis could clearly differentiate players from each cohort based on a Cumulative Total Score for each player. It is evident that the underlying mechanisms for expert performance in Australian youth soccer included elements of physical, technical and tactical prowess which may contribute to the differences in game styles observed in Study One. Study Three examined how expertise is developed in Australian youth soccer players. The participants completed the Development History of Athletes Questionnaire (DHAQ) (Hopwood, Baker, MacMahon, & Farrow, 2010). A decision tree induction analysis was used to determine which developmental factors contributed most to the predictor variable, the Cumulative Total Score. The amount of sport specific practice distinguished the two highest skilled groups from the lower skilled players. There were then two distinct pathways taken by the elite Australian youth soccer players. The first pathway included players who were later born in their family and had older siblings that participated in other sport, which contributed to their development in soccer. The second pathway included those players who were born early in their family (first or second), with this group specialising later in soccer (after the age of 13), compared to the second tier of athletes. Overall it was clear that there were distinguishing game styles for various levels of Australian youth soccer players. The elite players had underlying physical, technical and tactical attributes that allowed them to execute a possession-based game style. This thesis has provided evidence that the national elite players had followed a different pathway and been exposed to different environmental influences compared to the sub-elite players, factors that had contributed to their current level of expertise and success. This work provides Football Federation Australia and associated personnel with a strong framework upon which to base their talent identification and development programs given this thesis was able to provide evidence of distinct game styles, physical, technical and tactical skills distinguishing playing levels and differing pathways exhibited by the athlete cohorts.
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Allinson, Caroline Linda. "Legislative and security requirements of audit material for evidentiary purpose." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36813/1/Caroline_Allinson_Thesis.pdf.

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This research used the Queensland Police Service, Australia, as a major case study. Information on principles, techniques and processes used, and the reason for the recording, storing and release of audit information for evidentiary purposes is reported. It is shown that Law Enforcement Agencies have a two-fold interest in, and legal obligation pertaining to, audit trails. The first interest relates to the situation where audit trails are actually used by criminals in the commission of crime and the second to where audit trails are generated by the information systems used by the police themselves in support of the recording and investigation of crime. Eleven court cases involving Queensland Police Service audit trails used in evidence in Queensland courts were selected for further analysis. It is shown that, of the cases studied, none of the evidence presented was rejected or seriously challenged from a technical perspective. These results were further analysed and related to normal requirements for trusted maintenance of audit trail information in sensitive environments with discussion on the ability and/or willingness of courts to fully challenge, assess or value audit evidence presented. Managerial and technical frameworks for firstly what is considered as an environment where a computer system may be considered to be operating “properly” and, secondly, what aspects of education, training, qualifications, expertise and the like may be considered as appropriate for persons responsible within that environment, are both proposed. Analysis was undertaken to determine if audit and control of information in a high security environment, such as law enforcement, could be judged as having improved, or not, in the transition from manual to electronic processes. Information collection, control of processing and audit in manual processes used by the Queensland Police Service, Australia, in the period 1940 to 1980 was assessed against current electronic systems essentially introduced to policing in the decades of the 1980s and 1990s. Results show that electronic systems do provide for faster communications with centrally controlled and updated information readily available for use by large numbers of users who are connected across significant geographical locations. However, it is clearly evident that the price paid for this is a lack of ability and/or reluctance to provide improved audit and control processes. To compare the information systems audit and control arrangements of the Queensland Police Service with other government departments or agencies, an Australia wide survey was conducted. Results of the survey were contrasted with the particular results of a survey, conducted by the Australian Commonwealth Privacy Commission four years previous, to this survey which showed that security in relation to the recording of activity against access to information held on Australian government computer systems has been poor and a cause for concern. However, within this four year period there is evidence to suggest that government organisations are increasingly more inclined to generate audit trails. An attack on the overall security of audit trails in computer operating systems was initiated to further investigate findings reported in relation to the government systems survey. The survey showed that information systems audit trails in Microsoft Corporation's “Windows” operating system environments are relied on quite heavily. An audit of the security for audit trails generated, stored and managed in the Microsoft “Windows 2000” operating system environment was undertaken and compared and contrasted with similar such audit trail schemes in the “UNIX” and “Linux” operating systems. Strength of passwords and exploitation of any security problems in access control were targeted using software tools that are freely available in the public domain. Results showed that such security for the “Windows 2000” system is seriously flawed and the integrity of audit trails stored within these environments cannot be relied upon. An attempt to produce a framework and set of guidelines for use by expert witnesses in the information technology (IT) profession is proposed. This is achieved by examining the current rules and guidelines related to the provision of expert evidence in a court environment, by analysing the rationale for the separation of distinct disciplines and corresponding bodies of knowledge used by the Medical Profession and Forensic Science and then by analysing the bodies of knowledge within the discipline of IT itself. It is demonstrated that the accepted processes and procedures relevant to expert witnessing in a court environment are transferable to the IT sector. However, unlike some discipline areas, this analysis has clearly identified two distinct aspects of the matter which appear particularly relevant to IT. These two areas are; expertise gained through the application of IT to information needs in a particular public or private enterprise; and expertise gained through accepted and verifiable education, training and experience in fundamental IT products and system.
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McCarrol, Andrew Patrick. "Accessing the Japanese food grain market by supplying Australian non GMO grain inputs: the case of an Australian small business food quality corn and soybeans exporter." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004788/.

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[Abstract]: This dissertation investigates how an independent Australian grain exporting SME has been able to access the Japanese market for food quality soybeans and corn. This firm has succeeded in entering this market despite entrenched competition from traditional suppliers in the USA and Canada and in the face of rigorous food safety and quality standards as required in this particular market. The research in this dissertation focuses on outlining the critical ‘enabling competencies’ that the firm and its suppliers developed in order to enter the Japanese market. A single case methodology involving multiple in-depth interviews with key stakeholders was used to provide triangulated evidence concerning the necessary and sufficient conditionsfor SME exporters to compete successfully in such mature markets, particularly in the face of entrenched competition from large scale suppliers of similar productsfrom the United States and Canada. From the data collected in this research, a model of SME internationalisation was proposed highlighting the driving forces whichstimulated the development of a set of ‘enabling competencies’ enabling successful entry into the Japanese market for food grains. This model has both practical andtheoretical implications for the development of trade between Australia and Japan in the food grain sector. In conclusion this dissertation suggests that firms with thecapacity to develop such competencies can succeed in entering enter such productmarkets.
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Lee, Michael Jonathan. "Optimal packaging systems for Australian domestic and export pork markets /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18312.pdf.

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Miyauchi, Yukiko. "Exporting Australian primary produce to Japan : the example of fresh mangoes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36272/1/36156_Loemker_2002.pdf.

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Prior to 1994 Japan limited its import of Australian mangoes through quarantine restrictions. However, because of the recent lifting of these restrictions, new opportunities for the export of Australian mangoes to Japan have emerged. Thus it is important for prospective mango exporters to have access to research in this area. To date, little research has been done on the opportunities for the export of mangoes to Japan. Such research would include looking at distribution channels in Japan for imported new fruit because these distribution channels have been regarded as the major obstacles to the success of foreign companies exporting to Japan (Shimaguchi & Lazer 1979; Czinkota 1985; Terstra & Sarathy 1991; Jain 1993; Keegan 1989). This thesis has focused on two areas: examining market opportunities for Australian mangoes in Japan and examining distribution channels for imported new fresh fruit in Japan. Therefore two research problems (RP) present themselves: RP I: What are the market opportunities for Australian mangoes in Japan, based on consumer research? RP 2: What distribution channels in Japan could be considered for Australian mangoes? For RP 1, the literature review in chapter 2 examined the Australian mango industry, the fresh fruit market in Japan, Japanese consumer preferences for fruit, change in the Japanese diet, marketing theory, and consumer research about mangoes in Australia. Gaps in the literature were then identified and three research issues (RI) developed: RI I: How do Japanese consumers view the taste and other characteristics of mangoes? RI 2: What are the factors affecting the popularisation of new and foreign fruit such as mangoes, in Japan? RI 3: What are the possible bases for segmentation of the market for new and foreign fruit such as mangoes, in Japan? Next, the literature related to the nature of a distribution channel system, the distribution system in Japan, and distribution channels available for fresh fruit in Japan was examined. Gaps in the literature were identified and two research issues relevant to RP 2 were developed: RI 4: What are the available distribution channels for imported new and foreign, fresh fruit? RI 5: What affects the choice of the distribution channel for imported new and foreign, fresh fruit? Data was collected using focus group methodology for RP 1 and case study methodology for RP 2. In Japan, four focus groups were conducted and four firms were interviewed. The research methodologies are discussed in chapter 3 while the data is analysed in chapter 4. The results of this research indicate that Japanese consumers view mangoes as foreign and new fruit. Therefore strategies for exporting this fruit could be different from those strategies for exporting fruit already familiar to the Japanese. At present, only a few studies relate to the export of new fruit to Japan. Therefore the major contribution of this research is to add to the existing literature in this area. In particular, this thesis makes several contributions for it contains: • the first consumer research done in Japan on mangoes; • arguably the first comprehensive exploration of consumer preferences in Japan for fresh fruit (table 5.2) and new fresh fruit (table 5.1); • arguably the first comprehensive model of new and foreign, fresh fruit distribution channels in Japan emphasising the first point of entry intermediaries (figure 4.2); • the first model for popularising new and foreign fruit (using mangoes as an example), in Japan (figure 5 .1); and • arguably the first investigation of bases for segmentation of a market for new and foreign fruit such as mangoes in Japan
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Lu, Nhat Vinh. "Export marketing performance of Australian export market ventures : investigating the impact of the internet, firm-specific characteristics, market characteristics, and export marketing strategy /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09C/09cl9261.pdf.

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Xin, Edward Wei. "Entry mode strategy of Australian high value-added manufacturing companies and the Chinese market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35803/1/35803_Xin_1994.pdf.

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Recent interest in international marketing studies focuses on a 'frontier' issue - entry mode strategy. There are two major different views about market entry strategy - internationalization and contingency. Both of them have more than one theoretical model. The major difference between these two views is whether the company can choose an optimal entry mode. This research explores this important issue of entry mode choice by focusing on Australian high value-added manufacturing companies entering the Chinese market. This is a contemporary issue with great importance to Australia and China because Australian high value-added manufacturing companies are the fastest growing exporters in Australia and the Chinese market is an emerging market with enormous market potential. Therefore, the research problem of this research is: RP: How do Australian high value-added manufacturing companies develop their entry mode strategies for the Chinese market? The research reviewed the literature relating to the parent discipline of entry mode strategy, and supports the transaction cost model in particular. This model of entry mode choice believes that entry mode choice is closely related to a host country's external environmental factors and internal factors of companies entering the market. Moreover, entry mode choice is directly decided by trade-offs of four critical constructs - risk, return, cost and control. From the literature review, this research tends to support the idea that an optimal entry mode may be chosen instead of adhering to the sequential stagesapproach of the internationalization process. Therefore, four research propositions were developed on the basis of these discussions. Research proposition 1 examined whether the proposed four critical constructs capture most of the considerations in the choice of entry mode. Research proposition 2 examined whether each type of entry mode can be charted on the above four constructs. Research proposition 3 examined various external environmental factors of the Chinese market and their impacts on Australian high value-added manufacturing companies' entry activities. Finally, research proposition 4 examined various internal factors of Australian high value added manufacturing companies and their impacts on entry activities of these companies. Data was collected by using the exploratory and explanatory case study methodology, with two pilot case studies carried out in Brisbane to refine the research protocol and procedures. Thirteen Australian high value-added manufacturing companies from five industry clusters operating in Beijing were examined in the major stage of data collection. Data was analyzed by using both case descriptions and cross-case analysis methods. The research findings showed the importance of those four critical constructs for entry mode choice. Moreover, relationship networks emerged as another critical consideration. Research findings for research propositions 3 and 4 also identified some important external and internal factors for entry mode choice. Therefore, on the basis of research findings about the research propositions, an entry mode strategic model was developed to meet the special needs of managers in Australian high value-added manufacturing companies to develop their entry mode strategy. Practical implications of this model were discussed in detail. Furthermore, the impacts of the findings of this research on the parent disciplines of entry mode choice were also examined. Further research should focus on Australian service companies and other areas of China to replicate the research findings of this research.
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Nair, Gordon S. "Market entry of Australian firms into South-East Asia : a study of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia markets." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Books on the topic "Expert Australia"

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Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Ethics, liability, and the technical expert: 28 March 1996, Perth, Australia. Carlton, Vic: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1996.

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Burke, Paul. Law's anthropology: From ethnography to expert testimony in native title. Acton, A.C.T: ANU E Press, 2011.

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L, Narasimhan V., Jain L. C, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., eds. ANZIIS 96: Proceedings : 1996 Australian New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Adelaide, Australia, 18-20 November 1996. [Piscataway NJ]: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., ed. ANZIIS 2001: Proceedings of the Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference : Perth, Western Australia, 18-21 November, 2001. Crawley, Australia: ARCME, The University of Western Australia, 2001.

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Zhongzhi, Shi, Shimohara Katsunori, and Feng David Dagan, eds. Intelligent information processing III: IFIP TC12 International Conference on Intelligent Information Processing (IIP 2006), September 20-23, Adelaide, Australia. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2006.

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Libraries and Expert Systems Conference (1990 Riverina, Australia). Libraries and expert systems: Proceedings of a conference held at Charles Sturt University - Riverina, Australia, July 1990. London ; Los Angeles: Taylor Graham, 1991.

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Australian and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems (2nd 1994 Brisbane, Qld.). ANZIIS 94: Proceedings of the 1994 Second Australian and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia, 29 November-2 December 1994. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1994.

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1959-, Khosla Rajiv, Howlett Robert J. 1954-, and Jain L. C, eds. Knowledge-based intelligent information and engineering systems: 9th international conference, KES 2005, Melbourne, Australia, September 14-16, 2005 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2005.

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F, Forsyth Graham, Ali Moonis, and International Conference on Industrial & Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems (8th : 1995 : Melbourne, Vic.), eds. Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems: IEA/AIE 95 : proceedings of the eighth international conference, Melbourne, Australia, June 6-8, 1995. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1994.

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1945-, Hendtlass Tim, and Ali Moonis, eds. Developments in applied artificial intelligence: 15th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2002, Cairns, Australia, June 17-20, 2002 : proceedings. New York: Springer, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expert Australia"

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Reay, F. "Identification of Rare Forms using Examples from Australia." In Nematode Identification and Expert System Technology, 245–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9016-9_22.

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Dehhaghi, Mona, Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Richard Schloeffel, Bernard Hudson, Benjamin Ruiwen, and Gilles Guillemin. "Climate change and debilitating symptom complexes attributed to ticks in Australia." In Climate, ticks and disease, 391–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0056.

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Abstract This expert opinion focuses on the impact of global warming and climate change on the spread and distribution of Australian ticks and the prevalence and intensity of associated human diseases.
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Oskam, Charlotte, Isobel Ronai, and Peter Irwin. "The emergence of tick-borne diseases in domestic animals in Australia." In Climate, ticks and disease, 424–29. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0061.

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Abstract In this expert opinion, two case studies of tick-borne diseases of domestic animals in Australia have been selected to illustrate how climate change can potentially influence the spread of introduced tick species and the pathogens they transmit. The first reports an incursion of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) into northern regions of Australia in April/June 2020 and the second describes the geographical expansion of bovine anaemia due to Theileria orientalis group (BATOG) across Australia since 2006. The introduction of novel pathogens into ecosystems exposed to climate change provides a unique opportunity to study disease dynamics in real time.
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Hornby, Glen. "Adoption of Destination Marketing Systems by Tourism Operators in Australia: Expert Perceptions." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2004, 348–57. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0594-8_33.

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Lawrence, Geoffrey, Carol Richards, and David Burch. "The Impacts of Climate Change on Australia’s Food Production and Export." In Food Security in Australia, 173–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4484-8_12.

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Dickenson, Jackie. "Women Experts and Consumer Culture." In Australian Women in Advertising in the Twentieth Century, 93–106. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137514349_8.

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Soon, Lisa, and Phoebe Chen. "Visualization of Web-Based Australian Export Trading." In Visual and Multimedia Information Management, 281–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35592-4_20.

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Summers, Peter M. "The Asian Crisis and Australia’s Export Sector." In The Social Impact of the Asia Crisis, 139–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333978016_9.

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Devereux, J. A. "Providing Expert Evidence in an Australian Court: A Lawyer’s View." In Legal and Forensic Medicine, 1007–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32338-6_156.

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Pinnington, Ashly, and Yuliani Suseno. "Developments in the Jurisdictions of In-House Legal Advisors: Researching the Australian Experience." In Redirections in the Study of Expert Labour, 75–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230592827_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expert Australia"

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Christensen, David, and Andrew Re. "Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208483-ms.

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Abstract The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred. The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion. Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning. When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry. There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
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Wasimi, Saleh A., and Kamal K. Saha. "An expert system to assess the landfall propensity of a tropical cyclone in Australia." In 2014 Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering (APWC on CSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apwccse.2014.7053845.

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Ratnasabapathy, S., S. Perera, and M. Hardie. "A study of liquid waste management practices in construction projects in Australia." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.5.

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The construction industry is increasingly under pressure to improve environmental performance and reduce environmental degradation, which often results from carbon emissions and a high volume of waste generated from unprecedented levels of development associated with urbanisation and industrialisation. Construction projects consume a significant amount of water at the same time; they generate liquid waste (LW) from several wet processes during construction on-site, which is often unmetered. At the same time, LW or wastewater generated from construction projects is detrimental to the environment and human health, adversely polluting the surface and groundwater as well as the ground soil. It is, therefore, indispensable to manage LW appropriately while utilising the water efficiently. Limited studies have paid attention to explore the importance of effective liquid waste management (LWM) practices in construction projects and their implications on environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the current practices of LWM in construction projects through the analysis of expert user views and quantitative data analysis while providing an account of LWM related legislative requirements. Moreover, this study estimated the average volume of water consumed for tool washing and water saving for different types of projects and compared it against the use of sustainable LWM systems, notably a closed-loop washout system employed in construction projects. The outcome of this study has the potential to add new and under-measured factors to the current LWM systems and to promote sustainable LWM practices in construction projects. While it highlights issues related to LWM, it provides criteria that can be considered for the green rating of buildings.
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Hill, Darren, Yvanna Ireland, Jim Yaremko, Chris Harvey, and Reena Sahney. "Investigation and Adoption of APGA’s Pipeline Engineer Competency System: The Canadian Experience." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9561.

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Abstract With the recognition of demographic change and impacts on the workforce, there is an increased focus on competency management within the pipeline industry. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) is a voluntary, non-profit industry association representing major Canadian transmission pipeline companies that has been particularly active in this area. With recent publication of CEPA’s guidance document on competency management, CEPA member companies identified a need for a companion set of competency standards for technical staff. As such, the Pipeline Integrity Community of Practice (CoP) within CEPA formed a task group to identify and better understand potential solutions to address this need. The challenge in maturing competency management within the Canadian pipeline industry, as identified by the task group, is two fold: 1. First, the competency system needs to be flexible to address a broad range of topics, operation types as well as a progression of proficiencies (e.g., engineers in training through to senior level subject matter experts). 2. Second, there is a need for a system that is practical and can be developed / adopted in a relatively short time frame. In undertaking an assessment of the options available in industry, the adoption of the system that has been developed by the Australian Pipeline and Gas Association (APGA) was selected as the optimal path forward. The APGA Pipeline Engineer Competency System (APGA PECS) provides a mechanism for understanding competency as well as a means of assessing and documenting competency for pipeline engineers. Specifically, industry expert panels were used to develop the competency standards which were then published for broad consultation prior to finalizing. Within Australia, the system is now the responsibility of the APGA’s Pipeline Engineering Competency System (PECS) Committee for ongoing development, review and maintenance to ensure the system remains current and fit for purpose. One of the key characteristics of the APGA competency standards is the consistency of elements and a standard format for requirements in every stream of pipeline engineering. Further, the APGA System has been demonstrated to be practical and sustainable through use within Australia. The APGA System is now being customized for use in the Canadian Pipeline industry under an agreement announced in October 2019. This paper will provide insights into key aspects of competency system, the approach taken to assess viable options as well as the experience of customizing the APGA system for Canadian use. The system is anticipated to be available for Canadian companies in 2020 and provides a pathway to meeting the two main challenges identified for managing competency in the Canadian industry.
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Burgess, Stephen, Golam M Chowdhury, and Arthur Tatnall. "Student Attitudes to MIS Content in an MBA: A Comparison Across Countries." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2448.

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Export education forms a major part of the Australian economy. Australian universities are now not only accepting overseas students into Australian campuses; they are setting up overseas-based campuses. This is often through an arrangement with a local educational institution or organisation. Subjects in these institutions are delivered by a combination of Victoria University Australian-based staff and local faculty. One of the primary programs being delivered overseas by many Australian institutions is the Master of Business Administration (MBA). This paper examines the delivery of the core information technology units, Management Information Systems (MIS), by Victoria University in Australia and overseas (in Bangladesh). The structure of the MBA at Victoria University in Australia and overseas is examined and the MIS subject explained. Results of a survey of MBA students’ views of the content of MIS, conducted in Australia (1997-2000) and Bangladesh (2001) are reported. There is little difference in the attitudes of students of both countries in relation to the topics covered in the subject, nor on the breakdown of the subject between ‘hands-on’ applications and more formal instruction. There are some differences in relation to the level of Internet and e-mail usage, with Australian students tending to use these technologies on a greater basis as a proportion of their overall computer usage.
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Partridge, Lee, and Denise Chalmers. "External Peer Review of Teaching (ExPeRT) Portfolios for Promotion." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8024.

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This paper focuses on the role and purpose of external expert peer review of teaching portfolios for promotion, using institutional criteria. This is grounded in the recognition that higher education institutions typically struggle to identify suitably experienced, expert reviewers of teaching portfolios for promotion purposes. It considers the feasibility of establishing a ‘College of Peers’ who are endorsed and trained teaching and learning experts to carry out the reviews. A model of training expert peer reviewers was trailed. While grounded in the Australian context, the issues and applications are international.
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Karunarathna, T. A. D. C. D., P. Sridarran, and M. Gowsiga. "Electricity generation through municipal solid waste in Sri Lanka: Drivers and barriers." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.34.

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The rapid increase in population and urbanisation has led to an increase in per capita consumption and the generation of waste. Thus, the need of having improved management strategies for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has aroused. Waste to Energy (WtE) was a concept that came up as a solution for waste management and as an ideal solution for energy crises as well. WtE is a process of generating energy mainly in terms of electricity and heat by giving MSW as the input where it will become the fuel for this process. Most countries like Denmark, England, Australia, etc. use this as a successful Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) strategy and as a sustainable energy producing mechanism too. But, in Sri Lankan WtE has become unsuccessful in many instances due to the influence of barriers to implementing WtE mega-scale projects. Thus, this study aims to explore existing barriers in light of expanding WtE projects in Sri Lanka. In addition, it proposes strategies to mitigate those barriers. Data was collected through expert interviews and manual content analysis was used for data analysis. Some identified key barriers and strategies in the frame of political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental are lack of having government infrastructure, high initial investments, social burdens, lack of technical knowledge on WtE, disposal of bottom and fly ash as barriers and providing infrastructure by the government, introducing debt financing, social awareness, getting foreign technical experts, using bottom ash and fly ash to produce some necessary bi-products as strategies.
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Van Der Vyver, Glen, and Michael Lane. "Are Universities to Blame for the IT Careers Crisis?" In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2990.

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At a time when the IT industry in general and the IT academy in particular face major challenges, some accuse universities of producing graduates with poor or inappropriate skills. This qualitative study, based on interviews with fifteen senior IT executives and managers in the Australian financial services industry, examines what employers seek when they recruit new graduates. We find that employers now expect much more from IT graduates. They require a blend of technical, business and people skills combined with the right attitude. Furthermore, requirements are highly mediated by contextual factors such as company size and corporate culture. We also find that universities are not perceived as negatively as some would have it. Universities face a significant challenge in producing graduates with much wider skill sets. Although this study was conducted in Australia, we are of the opinion that the issues discussed are relevant in the wider international context.
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Cunin, Solange, Andrew Dempster, Allison Kealy, and Gary Edmond. "GNSS Expert Witness Evidence in Australian Courts." In ION 2019 Pacific PNT Meeting. Institute of Navigation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33012/2019.16857.

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Gough, Phillip, Tomasz Bednarz, Caitilin de Bérigny, and Jessie Roberts. "A process for non-expert user visualization design." In the 28th Australian Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3010915.3010996.

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Reports on the topic "Expert Australia"

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Grossman, Michele, Mark Duckworth, Greg Barton, Vivian Gerrand, Matteo Vergani, Mario Peucker, Hass Dellal, and Jacob Davey. Submission to Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/yszp5128.

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In May 2021, CRIS and AVERT members Professor Michele Grossman, Mark Duckworth, Lydia Khalil, Dr Joshua Roose and Dr Mario Peucker appeared as expert witnesses at the public hearings held in Canberra for the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security’s Inquiry into Extremist Movements and Radicalism in Australia. Professor Michele Grossman, Mark Duckworth, Professor Greg Barton, Dr Vivian Gerrand, Dr Matteo Vergani, Dr Mario Peucker, Professor Hass Dellal and Jacob Davey
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Cao, Shoufeng, Uwe Dulleck, Warwick Powell, Charles Turner-Morris, Valeri Natanelov, and Marcus Foth. BeefLedger blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China: Early consumer insights. Queensland University of Technology, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.200267.

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The BeefLedger Export Smart Contracts project is a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. This project exists to deliver economic value to those involved in the production, export and consumption of Australian beef to China through: (1) reduced information asymmetry; (2) streamlined compliance processes, and; (3) developing and accessing new data-driven value drivers, through the deployment of decentralised ledger technologies and associated governance systems. This report presents early insights from a survey deployed to Chinese consumers in Nov/Dec 2019 exploring attitudes and preferences about blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China. Our results show that most local and foreign consumers were willing to pay more than the reference price for a BeefLedger branded Australian cut and packed Sirloin steak at the same weight. Although considered superior over Chinese processed Australian beef products, the Chinese market were sceptical that the beef they buy was really from Australia, expressing low trust in Australian label and traceability information. Despite lower trust, most survey respondents were willing to pay more for traceability supported Australian beef, potentially because including this information provided an additional sense of safety. Therefore, traceability information should be provided to consumers, as it can add a competitive advantage over products without traceability.
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Ledesma, David, James Henderson, and Nyrie Palmer. The Future of Australian LNG Exports. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781784670085.

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S. Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Australia COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/astr0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Vergani, Matteo, Angelique Stefanopoulos, Alexandra Lee, Haily Tran, Imogen Richards, Dan Goodhardt, and Greg Barton. Defining and identifying hate motives: bias indicators for the Australian context. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/pozs1016.

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This report presents bias indicators for the Australian context and discusses their concept, uses, benefits and risks. The bias indicators we present are the result of extensive consultations with local experts including academics and practitioners working in law enforcement agencies, government and non-government organisations and community organisations. Trigger warning: this report discusses multiple forms of trauma, hate, and discrimination, including physical violence, racism, and homophobia.
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Wezeman, Pieter, Aude Fleurant, Alexandra Kuimova, Diego Lopes da Silva, Nan Tian, and Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2019. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/yjyw4676.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2015–19 was 5.5 per cent higher than in 2010–14 and 20 per cent higher than in 2005–2009. The five largest exporters in 2015–19 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2010–14 and 2015–19, there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas and Asia and Oceania. From 9 March 2020 the freely accessible SIPRI Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on arms transfers for 1950–2019. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports and highlights selected issues related to arms transfers.
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Wezeman, Pieter, Alexandra Kuimova, and Siemon Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2020. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/mbxq1526.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2016–20 was 0.5 per cent lower than in 2011–15 and 12 per cent higher than in 2006–10. The five largest arms exporters in 2016–20 were the United States, Russia, France, Germany and China. The five largest arms importers were Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2011–15 and 2016–20 there were increases in arms transfers to the Middle East and to Europe, while there were decreases in the transfers to Africa, the Americas, and Asia and Oceania. From 15 March 2021 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2020, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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Wezeman, Pieter D., Alexandra Kuimova, and Siemon T. Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2021. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/cbzj9986.

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The volume of international transfers of major arms in 2017–21 was 4.6 per cent lower than in 2012–16, but was 3.9 per cent higher than in 2007–11. The five largest arms exporters in 2017–21 were the United States, Russia, France, China and Germany. The five largest arms importers were India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Australia and China. Between 2012–16 and 2017–21 there were increases in arms transfers to Europe (19 per cent) and to the Middle East (2.8 per cent), while there were decreases in the transfers to the Americas (–36 per cent), Africa (–34 per cent), and Asia and Oceania (–4.7 per cent). From 14 March 2022 SIPRI’s open-access Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2021, which replaces all previous data on arms transfers published by SIPRI. Based on the new data, this Fact Sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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Kukreja, Prateek, Havishaye Puri, and Dil Rahut. Creative India: Tapping the Full Potential. Asian Development Bank Institute, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/kcbi3886.

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We provide the first reliable measure on the size of India’s creative economy, explore the many challenges faced by the creative industries, and provide recommendations to make India one of the most creative societies in the world. India’s creative economy—measured by the number of people working in various creative occupations—is estimated to contribute nearly 8% of the country’s employment, much higher than the corresponding share in Turkey (1%), Mexico (1.5%), the Republic of Korea (1.9%), and even Australia (2.1%). Creative occupations also pay reasonably well—88% higher than the non-creative ones and contribute about 20% to nation’s overall GVA. Out of the top 10 creative districts in India, 6 are non-metros—Badgam, Panipat (Haryana), Imphal (Manipur), Sant Ravi Das Nagar (Uttar Pradesh), Thane (Maharashtra), and Tirupur (Tamil Nadu)—indicating the diversity and depth of creativity across India. Yet, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, India’s creative exports are only one-tenth of those of the People’s Republic of China. To develop the creative economy to realize its full potential, Indian policy makers would like to (i) increase the recognition of Indian culture globally; (ii) facilitate human capital development among its youth; (iii) address the bottlenecks in the intellectual property framework; (iv) improve access to finance; and (v) streamline the process of policy making by establishing one intermediary organization. India must also leverage its G20 Presidency to put creative economy concretely on the global agenda.
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Kahima, Samuel, Solomon Rukundo, and Victor Phillip Makmot. Tax Certainty? The Private Rulings Regime in Uganda in Comparative Perspective. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.001.

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Taxpayers sometimes engage in complex transactions with uncertain tax treatment, such as mergers, acquisitions, demergers and spin-offs. With the rise of global value chains and proliferation of multinational corporations, these transactions increasingly involve transnational financial arrangements and cross-border dealings, making tax treatment even more uncertain. If improperly structured, such transactions could have costly tax consequences. One approach to dealing with this uncertainty is to create a private rulings regime, whereby a taxpayer applies for a private ruling by submitting a statement detailing the transaction (proposed or completed) to the tax authority. The tax authority interprets and applies the tax laws to the requesting taxpayer’s specific set of facts in a written private ruling. The private ruling offers taxpayers certainty as to how the tax authority views the transaction, and the tax treatment the taxpayer can expect based on the specific facts presented. Private rulings are a common feature of many tax systems around the world, and their main goal is to promote tax certainty and increase investor confidence in the tax system. This is especially important in a developing country like Uganda, whose tax laws are often amended and may not anticipate emerging transnational tax issues. Private rulings in Uganda may be applied for in writing prior to or after engaging in the transaction. The Tax Procedures Code Act (TPCA), which provides for private rulings, requires applicants to make a full and true disclosure of the transaction before a private ruling may be issued. This paper evaluates the Ugandan private rulings regime, offering a comparative perspective by highlighting similarities and contrasts between the Ugandan regime and that of other jurisdictions, including the United States, Australia, South Africa and Kenya. The Ugandan private rulings regime has a number of strengths. It is not just an administrative measure as in some jurisdictions, but is based on statute. Rulings are issued from a central office – instead of different district offices, which may result in conflicting rulings. Rather than an elaborate appeals process, the private ruling is only binding on the URA and not on the taxpayer, so a dissatisfied taxpayer can simply ignore the ruling. The URA team that handles private rulings has diverse professional backgrounds, which allows for a better understanding of applications. There are, however, a number of limitations of the Ugandan private rulings system. The procedure of revocation of a private ruling is uncertain. Private rulings are not published, which makes them a form of ‘secret law’. There is no fee for private rulings, which contributes to a delay in the process of issuing one. There is understaffing in the unit that handles private rulings. Finally, there remains a very high risk of bias against the taxpayer because the unit is answerable to a Commissioner whose chief mandate is collection of revenue. A reform of the private rulings regime is therefore necessary, and this would include clarifying the circumstances under which revocation may occur, introducing an application fee, increasing the staffing of the unit responsible, and placing the unit under a Commissioner who does not have a collection mandate. While the private rulings regime in Uganda has shortcomings, it remains an essential tool in supporting investor confidence in the tax regime.
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