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1
Rodabaugh, Hannah Marie. "A Flower Opened in the Stinking." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1280785012.
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Koziatek, Zuzanna Ewelina. " Formal Affective Strategies in Contemporary African Diasporic Feminist Texts ." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1621007445234777.
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Sarland, C. "Young people reading : A study of the cultural, ideological and experimental factors in the interaction between young people and fictional texts." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380977.
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Kim, Ho Kyung. "Experimental tests of cognitive busyness and expectancy effects in text-based versus graphic-based communication." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011828.
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Swing, André. "Experimental Tests of General Relativity." Thesis, KTH, Teoretisk fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127006.
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Abstract This paper treats Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR), in particular three of the earliest experiments testing its validity. It covers the de ection of, and the redshift of light in a gravity eld, two new phenomena predicted by GR. The perihelion precession of the planet Mercury and how GR matches observations of it more correctly than classic physics is also covered. In addition to the three older tests above, the more modern application in the GPS system is discussed, and how it can be regarded as a test of GR. Some theoretical questions are also discussed, including comparing classic physics to GR and the classical limit of GR.<br>Denna rapport handlar om Einsteins allmäna relativitetstori (GR), och mer specikt om tre tidiga experiment som kan testa dess giltlighet. Här behandlas avböjning av, och rödförskjutning av ljus i gravitationsfält, två nya fenomen som förutsägs av GR. Planeten merkurius periheliumprecession och hur GR bättre matchar observationer av den täcks också upp. Förutom dessa tre experiment, diskuteras också tillämpningen av GR i GPS-systemet, och hur det kan betraktas som ett test av GR. Några teoretiska frågor diskuteras också; bland annat jämförs klassisk fysik med GR och den klassiska gränsen till GR tas upp.
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Schorvitz, Eric Burton 1971. "Experimental tests of fundamental economic theories." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288813.
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Chapter one of this dissertation provides an experimental test of a joint hypothesis implied by the constant relative risk averse model of first price sealed bid auction theory and standard risk preference theory. This test will be used to determine whether observed risk attitude is solely a characteristic of the individual (as conventional economic theory has it) or jointly a characteristic of the individual and the environment (as some cognitive psychologists maintain). It also presents a simple adjustment to first price auction experiments which causes "throw away" bidding behavior to be dramatically decreased and makes empirical estimation more precise. Standard theoretical search models assume that agents behave as if they search optimally. The second chapter of this dissertation reports the experimental results of a test of whether agents maximize their payouts by optimally searching for the best of n candidates in what has been called the "Secretary Problem." The novelty of this design is that the optimal search rule is invariant to agents' risk attitudes. This is made possible by implementing a binary payout schedule in which stopping at the best candidate pays a positive amount and stopping at any other candidate pays nothing. On average, subjects chose the best candidate slightly less often than an optimal searcher, while the El-Gamal and Grether (1995) estimation procedure suggests that subjects were either using a sub-optimal rule or just randomly guessing.
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Paneru, Dilip. "Experimental Tests of Multiplicative Bell Inequalities." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41621.
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This thesis is the synthesis of theoretical and experimental works performed in the area of quantum foundations, particularly on quantum correlations and experimental tests of multiplicative Bell inequalities. First we begin with a comprehensive theoretical work performed on the foundations of quantum mechanics, focusing on the puzzling concepts of quantum entanglement, and hidden variable theories. Specifically, we present a broad overview of different classes of hidden variable theories such as local, crypto-nonlocal, contextual and non-local theories, along with several Bell like inequalities for these theories, providing theoretical proofs based on quantum mechanics for the falsification of some of these theories.
Second we present a body of experimental, and theoretical works performed on a new class of Bell inequalities, i.e., the multiplicative Bell inequalities. We experimentally report the observation of the Bell parameters close to the Tsirelson (quantum) limit, upto a large number of measurement devices $(n)$, and compare the results with a particular deterministic strategy. We also obtain classical bounds for some $n$, and report the experimental violation of these classical limits.
We theoretically derive new richer bounds on the CHSH inequality (named after John Clauser, Michael Horne, Abnor Shimony and Richard Holt) and the multiplicative Bell parameter for $n=2$, based on the principle of ``relativistic independence'', and experimentally observe the distribution of Bell parameters as predicted by these bounds.
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Mullen, Damon Anthony. "COMPARISON OF MAXIMUM FORCES REQUIRED TO PENETRATE TEN AND TWENTY PERCENT BALLISTICS GELATIN, MEAT, AND CLAY TO ASSESS VARIATION BETWEEN TARGET MEDIAIN ARROW PENETRATION STUDIES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619013100008557.
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Puccetti, Giacomo <1988>. "Optical Techniques for Experimental Tests in Microfluidics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7534/.
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This PhD dissertation deals with the use of optical, non-invasive measurement techniques for the investigation of single and two-phase flows in microchannels. Different experimental techniques are presented and the achieved results are critically discussed.
Firstly, the inverse use of the micro Particle Image Velocimetry technique for the detection of the real shape of the inner cross-section of an optical accessible microchannel is shown by putting in evidence the capability of this technique to individuate the presence of singularities along the wetted perimeter of the microchannel. Then, the experimental measurement of the local fluid temperature using non-encapsulated Thermochromic Liquid Crystal particles is discussed. A deep analysis of the stability of the color of these particles when exposed to different levels of shear stress has been conducted by demonstrating that these particles can be used for simultaneous measurements of velocity and temperature in water laminar flows characterized by low Reynolds numbers (Re < 10). A preliminary experiment where the TLC thermography is coupled to the APTV method for the simultaneous measurement of the three-dimensional velocity and temperature distribution in a microchannel is shown. Finally, an experimental analysis of the different flow patterns observed for an adiabatic air-water mixture generated by means of a micro T-junction is discussed. The main air-water mixture features have been deeply observed in 195 different experimental conditions in which values of superficial velocity ranging between 0.01 m/s and 0.15 m/s for both the inlet flows (air and water) are imposed. The flow patterns of the air-water mixture are strongly influenced by the value of the water superficial velocity; on the contrary, the air superficial velocity plays a secondary role for the determination of the characteristics of the bubbles (i.e. length).
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Eales, James Matthew. "Text-mining of experimental methods in phylogenetics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529251.
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Campbell, Bruce Donald. "Experimental tests of C-S-R strategy theory." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279651.
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Sernheim, Mikael. "Experimental Study on ClassifierDesign and Text Feature Extraction for Short Text Classification." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323214.
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Text classification is a wide research field with existing ready-to-use solutions for supervised training of text classifiers. The task of classifying short texts puts dif-ferent demands on the invoked learning system that general text classification does not. This thesis explores this challenge by experimenting on how to design the clas-sification system and what text features granted the best results. In the experimental study, a hierarchical versus a flat design was compared, along with different aspects of text features. The method consisted of training and testing on a dataset of 3.2 million samples in total. The test results were evaluated with the quality measures: precision, recall, F1-score and ROC analysis with a modification to target multi-class classification. The result of the experimental study was: 2-level hierarchical designed classifier gave better results than a flat designed classifier in 11 out of 13 occasions; integer represented terms outperformed TFIDF weighted terms of BOW features; lowercase conversion improved the classification results; bigram and tri-gram BOW features achieved better results than unigram BOW features. The results of the experimental study were used in a case study together with Thingmap, which maps natural language queries with users. The case study showed an improvement over earlier solutions of Thingmap’s system.
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Macedo, Júnior João Batista de [UNESP]. "Diagramação: um sistema para previsão e improviso na mancha de texto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86948.
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macedojunior_jb_me_ia.pdf: 1746762 bytes, checksum: c61acebd431bfcf86b0a923811198436 (MD5)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>A pesquisa procura entender o processo de elaboração do projeto gráfico de um livro, focando esforços no estudo do formato de sua mancha de texto. Parte-se do pressuposto pós-moderno de que o design gráfico pode estabelecer uma conexão diferenciada entre conteúdo e leitor, não apenas na função de facilitador da leitura. Portanto, apresenta-se, de forma experimental, um sistema de diagramação que harmoniza questões ligadas à previsão e ao imprevisto da elaboração do projeto gráfico com a possibilidade de uma fruição diferenciada do conteúdo do texto por parte do leitor<br>This research aims the understanding the process of developing of a book graphic design, focusing efforts on the study of the type area shape. It starts from the postmodern assumption that graphic design can establish a connection between content and reader, not just as easy facilitator of reading. Therefore, we present experimentally a system that harmonizes layout issues to the prediction and the adaptation and the development of graphic design with the possibility of a different reader’s enjoyment for the content of the text
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PACHECO, CLAUDIA DE OLIVEIRA. "EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION ON CFCCONCRETE BOND TROUGHOUT TENSION-COMPRESSION TESTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9500@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>O objetivo foi estudar a aderência entre o compósito de
fibra de carbono
(CFC) e o substrato de concreto, em corpos-de-prova
compostos de cubos de
concreto, por meio do ensaio de tração-compressão. Foram
ensaiados 18 corposde-
prova compostos de dois cubos de concreto (móvel e fixo)
ligados por tiras
de CFC coladas às suas laterais opostas onde a região à
ser estudada foi
devidamente instrumentada. Os parâmetros estudados foram a
resistência do
concreto, o tipo de carregamento (monotônico crescente e
carregamento em
ciclos de carga e descarga) e as diferentes superfícies do
concreto (superfície lisa
e superfície rugosa). Os resultados dos ensaios mostraram
que para as diferentes
resistências à compressão do concreto no intervalo
estudado não se obteve uma
formulação que indicasse a influencia da resistência à
compressão sob a
resistência última de aderência, para a qual foi obtido um
valor característico
igual a 1,44 MPa. Foram medidas as deformações específicas
do CFC assim
como do concreto, com as quais foram calculadas as tensões
de aderência e as
deformações específicas. Com os resultados experimentais
foram obtidos
gráficos e curvas de ajuste para energia de fratura vs.
resistência de aderência.
Com o critério de Coulomb-Mohr generalizado pode-se
estimar como valor
inicial a resistência de aderência da ordem de 30% da
tensão tangencial máxima
resistida pelo substrato de concreto.<br>The purpose of this work was study the bond between the
composite of fiber
carbon (CFC) and the concrete substratum. A total of 18
tension-compression
tests on specimens with two concrete cubes (fixed and
movable) linked by fiber
carbon on opposites sides were performed. The area to be
studied was properly
monitored. The variables of these tests were the concrete
strength, the loading
type (monotonic loading and loading/unloading cycles), and
different concrete
surfaces (smooth face and rough face). The test results
showed that in the
interval analyzed, could not be obtain a formulation that
indicates the influence
of ultimate bond stress on concrete strength. A
characteristic value of 1,44 MPa
was obtained for the ultimate bond stress. The specific
deformations of CFC and
concrete were measured, allowing to calculate the bond
stress and the
corresponding mean strain. The experimental results
provided graphs and
adjustment curves for energy of fracture vs. bond stress.
With the Coulomb-
Mohr criteria it can be considered as initial value for
bond stress 30% of the
concrete mean shear strain.
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RABE, CLAUDIO. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INTERACTION SHALE-FLUID THROUGH IMMERSION TESTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3527@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO<br>A maioria dos problemas de instabilidade ocorre quando
rochas argilosas como folhelhos são perfuradas e o fluido
de perfuração interage com a rocha. A interação rocha-
fluido é materializada através da troca de íons e moléculas
de água entre o fluido de perfuração e a rocha, gerando
como conseqüências à variação nas poropressões dentro do
folhelho e a alteração na estrutura dos minerais.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das mudanças
nas propriedades físico-químicas de amostras de folhelhos
quando imersas em água e em sais orgânicos e inorgânicos.
Um equipamento de imersão foi desenvolvido no
qual amostras de folhelho são postas em contato com fluidos.
Os resultados eletroquímicos indicam que a imersão dos
folhelhos em soluções salinas reduz, quando comparada com a
água, as alterações nas propriedades mecânicas, químicas e
eletroquímicas dos fluidos. Os resultados mostram também
que os folhelhos de origem offshore são mais reativos que
os folhelhos originados de plataforma terrestres, devido às
propriedades de seus constituintes individuais e de sua
microestrutura. Quando imersos, os cloretos e os formiatos
reduzem a hidratação das amostras, as mudanças no pH, as
alterações nas atividades químicas dos folhelhos e dos
fluidos dos poros, na capacidade de troca catiônica, na
composição química da matriz da rocha e fluido dos poros,
além de diminuir a desintegração superficial das
amostras. A microscopia ótica, eletrônica e a
espectrometria de dispersão de energia indicam a deposição
dos sais nas superfícies das amostras.<br>Most of borehole instability problems occur when
argillaceous rocks such as shales are drilled and the
drilling fluid interacts with the rock. The rock-fluid
interaction is materialized through the exchange of ions
and water molecules between the drilling fluid and the
rock, generating pore pressure variation inside
the shale and changes in minerals structure.
The present work has the objective of studying the changes
in the physicochemical properties of shale samples when
immersed in the water, inorganic and organic salts.
Immersion equipment was developed in which shale samples
are put in contact with fluid. The results show that
immersion of shale samples in salt solutions reduce, when
compared with de-ionized water, the changes in
mechanics, chemical and electrochemical of solutions.
The results also show that the shales from offshore
platform are more reactive than terrestrial basin, in
function of shale s individual constituents and
microstructure. When immersed, the chlorides and formates
reduce the rock water content, the changes in the rock pH,
water activity of shale and interstitial water,
in the cation exchange capacity, in the chemical
composition of rock and interstitial water e reduce the
shale s loss of mass. The results indicate that the ions
presents in the rock and the fluids flow in the direction
of decreasing solute concentration gradient. This result in
the alteration the exchangeable bases of shales and the
specific surface of clays minerals. The electronic and
optic microscopy and energy dispersion spectrometry
indicated a deposition of salts in the surface of samples.
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Reiley, David H. L. (David Holmes Lucking). "Magic on the Internet--experimental tests of auction theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10835.
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Perez-Hernández, Juan Carlos. "An experimental document preparation system /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63791.
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Ãvila, Ricardo Lima Feitosa. "Emprego de tÃcnicas de prÃ-processamento textual e algoritmos de comparaÃÃo como suporte à correÃÃo de questÃes dissertativas: experimentos, anÃlises e contribuiÃÃes." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10572.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta um estudo de tÃcnicas que podem ser empregadas como apoio para a correÃÃo de questÃes dissertativas com base na adaptaÃÃo de algoritmos de comparaÃÃo textual combinados a tÃcnicas de prÃ-processamento de textos. O principal desafio na concepÃÃo de uma ferramenta para este tipo de aplicaÃÃo à a ambiguidade da linguagem natural. Para analisar situaÃÃes de correÃÃo de questÃes subjetivas, foram efetuados testes com esses algoritmos, tendo-se desenvolvido uma ferramenta para tal propÃsito. Confrontando respostas de alunos ao padrÃo de resposta de questÃes propostas em provas subjetivas, foram analisados o desempenho individual dos algoritmos e de um conjunto de tÃcnicas de prÃ-processamento que sÃo encontrados na literatura, de maneira isolada e combinada. Buscando contornar situaÃÃes especÃficas de falso negativo e falso positivo, foram propostas algumas tÃcnicas auxiliares como contribuiÃÃo deste trabalho. ApÃs a anÃlise dos experimentos realizados, os resultados de Ãndice de similaridade entre respostas indicam o uso da soluÃÃo como suporte a correÃÃo de questÃes discursivas, podendo, ainda, ser aplicado na detecÃÃo de plÃgio e ser integrado a um ambiente virtual de ensino e aprendizagem.<br>This master thesis presents a study of techniques used as support for a correction of essay questions based in an adaptation of string-matching algorithms combined with text preprocessing techniques. The main challenge to design a tool like this is an ambiguity of natural language. To analyze a correction of subjective questions, tests were performed with these algorithms, and a tool have been developed for this purpose. Comparing student responses with response pattern of questions proposed in subjective tests, we analyzed the performance of individual algorithms and a set of pre-processing techniques that are found in the literature, in isolation and combined. Seeking to neutralize specific situations of false negative and false positive, some techniques have been proposed as auxiliary contribution of this work. After analyzing the experiments, the results of similarity index between responses indicate the use of the solution to support the correction of essay questions, and may also be applied in the detection of plagiarism and be integrated to a learning management system.
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Vandemeulebroecke, Marc. "A general approach to two-stage tests." Berlin dissertation.de, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2917448&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Reinke, Matthew Logan. "Experimental tests of parallel impurity transport theory in Tokamak plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76584.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, February 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "December 2011."<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 363-370).<br>In realistic reactor scenarios, high temIperature plasmas will be composed of not only the fusion reactants and products, but also inpurities introduced purposefully or uninitentionally from plasma facing materials. In tokamaks it is often assumed, sometimes erroneously, that surfaces of constant main ion pressure are also surfaces of constant impurity pressure. Although the same underlying physics determinie impurity miomentum balance along closed magnetic field lines, the increased mass and charge of high-Z impurities weights terms differently. Their large mass enhances inertial effects like the centrifugal force from toroidal rotation, and( can lead to accumulation of heavy impurities on the outboard side of a flux surface. Their high charge enhances ion-impurity friction and makes impurities sensitive to small poloidal variations in the electrostatic potential. In Alcator C-Mod, 2D (R,Z) measurements of photon emission from high-Z impurities reveal significant variations of impurity density on a flux surface. Poloidal variations, normalized to the flux surface average, I 2/(n ) , have been measured up to ~ 1/3, and separate cases of impurities accumulating on the inhoard and outboard side of a flux surface are observed, depending on local plasmas conditions. Experiments demonstrate that these asymmetries are due to a combination of inertia., poloidal electric fields and ion-impurity friction, and measurements are compared to existing neoclassical parallel impurity transport theory. This is the first time centrifugal force has been observed to cause a substantial asynnnetry in a plasma with no external monmentumn input and where the flow is entirely self-generated. Magnetically trapped fast ions, sustained by ion cyclotron waves, create a poloidally varying electrostatic potential which causes high-Z impurities to accunmulate on the inboard side. Existing theory is extended to include this effect by incorporating a species that has an anisotropic pressure tensor. Experimental measurements in plasmas where the minority resonance layer is scanned show good qualitative and quantitative agreeinent with this extended theory. The sensitivity of 51/(nz) to fast-ions demstrates the opportunity for the impurity asymmetry to be used as a novel diagnpostic tool and calls into question prior work on in/out asymmetries in neutral beam heated plasinas. Measured up/down asymmetries in the banana regime are unable to be explained by ion/nipurity friction in the trace limit, nZZ 2 /n < 1. The sensitivity of such asymeinetries to imain ion poloidal rotation, which depends on impurity density when nZ 2 /n ~ 1, suggests explaining up/down asymmetries requires a more complex model which couples the parallel force balance of main ions and multiple impurity species. Additionally, the conniection between impurity poloidal flow and poloidal density variation is highlighted. Since they are the result of the same parallel transport equation, predictions for both inced to match measurements in order to validate friction-based asynmnetry theory.<br>by Matthew Logan Reinke.<br>Ph.D.
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Casarini, Luciano <1978>. "The nature of dark energy: theoretical assumptions and experimental tests." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/330/.
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Hassan, Husseen, and Abdifatah Sahal. "Experimental Tests of Pre - placed Aggregate Concrete for Concrete Repairs." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278540.
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Since a large part of the hydropower structures in Sweden was built in the 1950s and 1960s, many of them are slowly but surely exhibiting deterioration. The hydropower companies are facing big challenges and are consequently investing in effective repairing methods since a hydropower structure failure could pose serious consequences and dangers to people, the environment, and the community. Many structures within hydropower are made of concrete and the demands on the new supplementing concrete are high. Concrete with the potential to meet these high demands is the pre-placed aggregate concrete, which has shown promising results regarding its mechanical properties in previous studies. For this reason, this type of concrete is of interest to investigate. The focus has not been on optimizing the pre-placed aggregate concrete for full-scale productions. Instead, the main objectives of this master thesis were to study and analyze the mechanical properties of this type of concrete, such as shrinkage, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, freeze-thaw resistance and moreover investigate parameters of importance in the mix design to obtain a homogenous and easy flowing grout that successfully could fill the voids between the coarse aggregates. The investigations were carried out by laboratory experiments in the research and laboratory facilities of Vattenfall in Älvkarleby. The mix design of the grout was developed using the methods and requirements stated in the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM standards, and The Swedish Institute for Standards, SiS. A total of 15 grout-mixes were made. However, only the last five were used to cast specimens as the air content was insufficient in the first ten. The results indicated that it is necessary to replace the air-entraining admixture with microspheres in order for the pre-placed aggregate concrete to meet the requirements in exposure class XF3 and XC4. The scaling of the pre-placed aggregate concrete was less than 0.1 kg/m2 at 56 cycles, and thus, the freeze-thaw resistance was classed as very good. Moreover, the use of slag considerably reduced the bleeding of the grout and also improved the casting results. However, on the other hand, it increased the shrinkage of the pre-placed aggregate concrete. An efficiency factor of 0.6 proved to be too low since the compressive strength of the specimen with slag was approximately 50 % higher than the ones without. Furthermore, the shrinkage of the pre-placed aggregate concrete was after 63 days found to be lower than that of the conventional concrete. Also, the compressive strength of the pre-placed aggregate concrete without slag proved to be approximately 15 % lower than that of conventional concrete. Additionally, vibration during casting was found to increase the compressive strength of the pre-placed aggregate concrete and also improved the casting results. Low bleeding, combined with a high discharge time of approximately 45 seconds for 1.7 liters of grout, generated the best casting results. The results from the investigations have shown that this type of concrete has great potential. However, actions and further investigations should be made to see whether changing the fine aggregate size to a smaller one improves the ability of the grout to penetrate the voids between the coarse aggregates. Moreover, pump injection of the grout should be tested instead of pouring it over the coarse aggregates to see whether it improves the casting results and the mechanical properties.<br>Då en stor del av vattenkraftsdammarna i Sverige byggdes på 1950 och 1960-talet börjar många av dessa sakta men säkert brytas ner. Vattenkraftföretagen står inför stora utmaningar och investerar följaktligen i effektiva reparationsmetoder då dammbrott skulle kunna få allvarliga konsekvenser för människor, den omgivande miljön och för samhället. Flertalet konstruktioner inom vattenkraften är gjorda av betong och kraven på den nya kompletterande betongen är höga. En betong med potentialen att möta och uppfylla dessa höga krav är injekteringsbetongen som i tidigare studier uppvisat lovande resultat beträffande dess mekaniska egenskaper. Med anledning av detta är injekteringsbetongen av intresse att undersöka. Fokus har inte varit på att optimera injekteringsbetongen i syfte att genomföra fullskaliga försök. Istället har huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete varit att studera och analysera injekteringsbetongens mekaniska egenskaper såsom krympning, tryckhållfasthet, spräckhållfasthet, frostbeständighet samt undersöka viktiga parametrar i skapandet av ett homogent och lättflytande cementbruk som med god framgång kunde fylla ut hålrummen mellan grova ballasten. Undersökningarna utfördes genom laboratorieförsök på Vattenfalls betonglaboratorium i Älvkarleby. Vidare har skapandet och utvecklandet av bruket utförts i enlighet med metoder och krav angivna i American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM standards, samt i Svenska institutet för Standarder, SiS. Totalt gjordes 15 bruksblandningar, dock användes enbart de sista fem till gjutning av provkroppar då lufthalten visade sig vara för låg i dem första tio. Resultaten indikerade på att det är nödvändigt att ersätta luftporbildare med mikrosfärer för att erhålla en lufthalt som uppfyller kraven för betong i exponeringsklass XF3 samt XC4. Injekteringbetongens avflagning efter 56 dygn var mindre än 0.1 kg/m2 och frostbeständigheten kunde därmed klassas som mycket god. Användningen av slagg minskade cementbrukets vattenseparation avsevärt och bidrog även till förbättrade gjutresultat. Dock bidrog det å andra sidan till en ökad krympning hos injekteringsbetongen. En effektivitetsfaktor på 0.6 visade sig vara för låg då injekteringsbetongen med slagg hade en cirka 50 % högre tryckhållfasthet än dem utan. Dessutom visade sig injekteringsbetongens krympning vara mindre än den konventionella betongens efter 63 dagar. Tryckhållfastheten hos injekteringsbetongen utan slagg uppvisade även en cirka 15 % lägre tryckhållfasthet än den konventionella betongens. Vibrering under gjutning visade sig höja tryckhållfastheten hos injekteringsbetongen samt förbättra gjutresultaten. En låg vattenseparation i kombination med en flödestid på cirka 45 sekunder för 1.7 liter bruk visade sig ge bästa gjutresultaten. Resultaten från laboratorieförsöken har visat på att injekteringsbetongen besitter stor potential. Dock bör ytterligare undersökningar genomföras för att bedöma huruvida en mindre ballastfraktion för sanden påverkar brukets förmåga att penetrera den grova ballasten. Vidare bör bruket pumpas in istället för att hällas över den grova ballasten, detta för att se huruvida gjutresultaten samt de mekaniska egenskaperna hos injekteringsbetongen skulle förbättras.
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Augustinis, Sheila Vieira da Cruz. "Estudo imuno-histoquímico de β2-glicoproteína I em fígado e intestino de ratos submetidos à sepse pela via endovenosa ou associada à translocação bacteriana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-08012018-112740/.
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β2-glicoproteina I (β2GPI), uma proteína circulante produzida em fígado e intestino, foi estudada no fígado e íleo de ratos durante sepse controlada (S) ou translocação bacteriana (TB) com E. coli R-6. A sepse foi induzida por inoculação endovenosa de 109 UFC/mL/100g. A TB, pelo confinamento de 10 mL 1010 UFC/mL, no intestino. Grupos controle receberam veículo. Após 2h, os animais foram sacrificados. β2GPI foi espressa nos tecidos de todos animais, em cortes fixados em metacarn e impregnados com parafina, após reação com anti-β2GPI amplificada com Envision-AP. O fígado mostrou dois padrões citoplasmáticos distintos. Um padrão difuso, atribuído à síntese protéica, aumentado somente no grupo S e um padrão focal, invariável. No íleo, a mucosa foi negativa; a submucosa, o endotélio sangüíneo e linfático, positivos. Esta marcação aumentou somente no grupo TB. Os resultados sugerem a participação da β2GPI na regulação local da resposta hepática e intestinal de fase aguda.<br>β2-glycoprotein I is a circulating protein (β2GPI) produced in liver and intestines. β2GPI was studied in liver and ileum in rats under controlled sepsis (S) or bacterial translocation (BT) with E. coli R-6. Sepsis was induced by endovenous inoculation with 109 CFU/mU100g. BT was induced by confining 10 mL 1010 CFU/mL, to the intestine. Control groups received vehicle. After 2h, animals were sacrificed. Metacarn fixed, paraffin embedded tissue slices were reacted with monoclonal anti-β2GPI, revealed with Envision-AP and hematoxylin counterstained. Ali animals stained for β2GPI in the liver and ileum. Liver presented two distinct cytoplasm staining patterns. The diffuse pattern, ascribed to protein synthesis, increased in group S animals only. The spotted pattern was invariant. Ileum mucosa was negative, while submucosa, blood and Iymphatic endothelium were positive. The ileum staining increased after TB, only. Results underline the hypothesis for locally regulated liver and intestine contribution to acute phase response modulation.
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Rådmark, Magnus. "Photonic quantum information and experimental tests of foundations of quantum mechanics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37464.
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Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information schemes and in the last years the research on multi-qubit entanglement has drawn lots of attention. In this thesis the experimental generation and characterisation of multi-qubit entanglement is presented. Specifically we have prepared entangled states of up to six qubits. The qubits were implemented in the polarisation degree of freedom of single photons. We emphasise that one type of states that we produce are rotationally invariant states, remaining unchanged under simultaneous identical unitary transformations of all their individual constituents. Such states can be applied to e.g. decoherence-free encoding, quantum communication without sharing a common reference frame, quantum telecloning, secret sharing and remote state preparation schemes. They also have properties which are interesting in studies of foundations of quantum mechanics. In the experimental implementation we use a single source of entangled photon pairs, based on parametric down-conversion, and extract the first, second and third order events. Our experimental setup is completely free from interferometric overlaps, making it robust and contributing to a high fidelity of the generated states. To our knowledge, the achieved fidelity is the highest that has been observed for six-qubit entangled states and our measurement results are in very good agreement with predictions of quantum theory. We have also performed another novel test of the foundations of quantum mechanics. It is based on an inequality that is fulfilled by any non-contextual hidden variable theory, but can be violated by quantum mechanics. This test is similar to Bell inequality tests, which rule out local hidden variable theories as possible completions of quantum mechanics. Here, however, we show that non-contextual hidden variable theories cannot explain certain experimental results, which are consistent with quantum mechanics. Hence, neither of these theories can be used to make quantum mechanics complete.
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Apera, Cristina. "Experimental tests on brick masonry panels strengthened with textile reinforced mortar." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Nei paesi dell’area mediterranea, come Italia e Spagna, numerosi edifici, sono realizzati in muratura, e questo li rende vulnerabili alle azioni sismiche.
I terremoti avvenuti in passato, hanno permesso, attraverso lo studio dei danneggiamenti prodotti, di comprendere le vulnerabilità di questi edifici e anche di valutare l’effettivo miglioramento o peggioramento delle diverse tecniche adoperate nel corso degli anni.
Nel corso degli ultimi anni ,diverse tecniche innovative sono state sviluppate, tra cui l’uso di TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortar), risulta essere una delle migliori scelte data la reversibilità dell’intervento e la buona compatibilità con la muratura.
Nonostante ciò, al momento non sono disponibili procedimenti analitici, per la valutazione dell’ incremento di resistenza a taglio di strutture rinforzate con TRM.
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di analizzare il cambio di comportamento di provini testati a compressione semplice e diagonale, rinforzati con TRM.
I risultati ottenuti dalla campagna sperimentale, serviranno alla calibrazione di modelli numerici realizzati in SAP2000.
I modelli, basati solo sull’uso di elementi non lineari “shell-layered”, vogliono costituire un modello semplice, riutilizzabile dal progettista per l’analisi di strutture più complesse.
Successivamente i dati raccolti durante la campagna sperimentale sono stati utilizzati per la ricerca di formule analitiche, che permettano di valutare l’incremento della resistenza a taglio di strutture rinforzate.
I provini rinforzati sono in grado di sorreggere un carico ultimo pari al doppio dei non rinforzati, con un aumento della deformazione orizzontale al limite elastico e della capacità di dissipazione di energia. Il rinforzo in TRM è quindi in grado di migliorare il comportamento di strutture in muratura soggette ad azioni orizzontali, ed i modelli creati con SAP2000, si sono dimostrati validi per simulare il comportamento di strutture in muratura rinforzate e non rinforzate.
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Blong, Andrea Margaret. "Experimental tests of community assembly rules in a tallgrass prairie restoration." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Borgognoni, Rita. "Numerical analysis and experimental tests on reinforced concrete grid wall systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4002/.
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McKinney, Christopher Warren. "Experimental tests of an electro-anatomical model of the rat's cochlea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36581.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 56).<br>by Christopher Warren McKinney.<br>M.Eng.
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Ventresca, Alessandra. "Development of an instrumented customizable total knee prosthesis for experimental tests." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11183/.
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Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has revolutionized the life of millions of patients and it is the most efficient treatment in cases of osteoarthritis. The increase in life expectancy has lowered the average age of the patient, which requires a more enduring and performing prosthesis. To improve the design of implants and satisfying the patient's needs, a deep understanding of the
knee Biomechanics is needed. To overcome the uncertainties of numerical models, recently instrumented knee prostheses are spreading. The aim of the thesis was to design and manifacture a new prototype of instrumented implant, able to measure kinetics and kinematics (in terms of medial and lateral forces and patellofemoral forces) of different interchangeable designs of prosthesis during experiments tests within a research laboratory, on robotic knee simulator. Unlike previous prototypes it was not aimed for industrial applications, but purely focusing on research. After a careful study of the literature, and a preliminary analytic study, the device was created modifying the structure of a commercial prosthesis and transforming it in a load cell. For monitoring the kinematics of the femoral component a three-layers, piezoelettric position sensor was manifactured using a Velostat foil. This sensor has responded well to pilot test. Once completed, such device can be used to validate existing numerical models of the knee and of TKA and create new ones, more accurate.It can lead to refinement of surgical techniques, to enhancement of prosthetic designs and, once validated, and if properly modified, it can be used also intraoperatively.
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Spagarino, Giorgio. "Low and medium temperature fuel cells: experimental tests and economic assessment." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-05022013-105641/.
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A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida para avaliar as potencialidades das células de combustível como tecnologia em si, inclusive os beneficios econômicos que se podem ter por meio do suprimento de energia elétrica se comparada com o aproveitamento da mesma por meio da rede pública. Além de uma parte descritiva do estado de arte da tecnologia, a presente dissertação foi focada em duas partes: a primeira trata de um estudo experimental onde uma célula, a membrana polimérica, foi conectada a um inversor, permitindo assim de fornecer energia elétrica na rede pública. Na segunda parte foi realizada uma avaliação engenhero-econômica com uma Célula de Combustível de Ácido Fosfórico para o aproveitamento da energia elétrica com cogeração de calor para as condições de mercado brasileiro. O primeiro estudo mostrou como seja possível abastecer uma célula (neste caso alimentada por hidrogênio) para fornecer continuamente energia elétrica na rede, onde necessário ou onde seja impossível para o usuário se conectar a rede pública. O segundo estudo, por sua vez, mostrou que atualmente a células de combustível de média temperatura de Ácido Fosfórico (PAFC) não é uma tecnologia ainda madura e que é viável economicamente somente em aplicações de nicho, por exemplo setores indústriais eletro-intensivos e com necessidade de energia termica também. Todavia, projeções futuras baseadas em curvas de aprendizados e a queda do preço do gás natural mostram como a expansão da tecnologia e a possibilidade de acessar um combustível barato podem abrir futuro para a PAFC mundialmente.<br>This Masters dissertation aims to study technical potentialities of Fuel Cell technology, including the economical benefits that can provide compared with public grid as well. Thus, the dissertation has been focused in two main parts: the first concerns in an experimental approach to supply electrical power to the public grid using a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), while the second one presents a global (from an engineering and economic point-of-view) assessment of a Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) for the co-generation of heat with electrical energy in Brazil. The first study has been accomplished connecting a PEMFC with a power inverter to the public grid. It has been proved experimentally that Fuel Cell is an alternative device that, as long as fuel is fed, may provide electrical energy continuously and more efficiently than traditional devices. The second study has been focused in the so-called Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) that, being a Medium Temperature Fuel Cell, beyond to supply electrical energy, may be used for co-generation of thermal energy. Through this study it has been showed that, at the current state-of-art, PAFC is is not already a mature technology and it becomes economically viable only for niche market applications, represented by the industrial sectors with high base load power and continuous thermal energy demand. However, accumulated knowledge expressed by learning curve and natural gas shock price caused by possible LNG supplying and shale gas recovery are the two main factors that may turn investment in PAFC profitable worldwide.
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Tola, Tola Adrian Patricio. "Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Low-Cycle Fatigue Fracture in Structural Steel." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100051.
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The mechanism of metal material failure due to inelastic cyclic deformations is commonly described as Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF). Fracture in steel structures caused by earthquakes can be associated with this mechanism. Mathematical expressions describing the material deterioration due to LCF are often referred to as LCF laws. The accurate determination of the safety of steel structures against earthquake-induced failure requires the use of LCF laws which have been sufficiently validated with experimental test data.
The present study combined experimental testing and computational simulation to enhance the understanding of structural steel fracture due to LCF. The experiments were conducted in specimens extracted from the flat and corner regions of two rectangular steel hollow sections with different thickness. A total of 60 cylindrical specimens with a circumferential notch were subjected to different combinations of axial and torsional loading. The loading protocols and notch geometry were designed to produce different stress states at the location of fracture initiation. Finite element analyses were conducted to obtain the stress state and inelastic strains at the fracture initiation location. This information was then used for the calibration of five existing LCF laws. The calibration also allowed the comparative evaluation of the capability of the different laws to capture fracture initiation for different stress states, with a single set of values for the various parameters.
The accuracy of the calibrated LCF laws to predict fracture initiation in a large-scale test was also investigated. To this end, a test was conducted on a rectangular steel tube subjected to cyclic axial loading. A finite element analysis of this test was conducted, and predictions of the instant and location of fracture initiation using the calibrated LCF laws were compared with the experimental observations.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>The mechanism of material failure due to repeated cycles of large deformations is denoted as Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF); this failure mechanism can occur in steel structures subjected to loading conditions such as those induced by earthquakes. Mathematical expressions that evaluate the material deterioration due to LCF are often used to predict the instant and location of fracture initiation in small-scale and large-scale tests.
An experimental program was conducted for the study of fracture associated with LCF. A total of 60 specimens were fabricated with material extracted from the flat and corner regions of two rectangular steel tubes; the applied loads elongated and/or twisted the specimens until they ruptured. Computational simulations of these tests were conducted to obtain key information at the location of the observed fracture initiation. This information was used to adjust five mathematical expressions suggested by previous researchers that could predict the same instant of fracture initiation observed in the experiments. The accuracy of the predictions from each of these mathematical expressions was evaluated.
The accuracy of these mathematical expressions to predict fracture initiation in a large-scale test was also investigated. To this end, an experiment was conducted on a rectangular steel tube subjected to repeated cycles of deformation. A computational simulation of this test was also developed, and predictions of the instant and location of fracture initiation were compared with the experimental observations.
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Darlington, J. A. "Contextualising British experimental novelists in the long sixties." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31430/.
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This thesis focuses upon five novelists – B.S. Johnson, Eva Figes, Alan Burns, Ann Quin, and Christine Brooke-Rose – whose works during the 1960s and early 1970s (Marwick’s “Long Sixties”) represent a unique approach to formal innovation; an approach contemporaneously labelled as “experimental”. A number of attempts have been made to categorise and group these texts with varying levels of success. Utilising new archive research, this thesis aims to unpack for the first time the personal relationships between these writers, their relationship to the historical moment in which they worked, and how these contextual elements impacted upon their experimental novels. The thesis is broken into six chapters; a long introductory chapter in which the group is placed in context and five chapters in which each writer’s career is reassessed individually. The B.S. Johnson chapter focuses upon how shifting class formations during the post-war era impact upon the writer’s sense of class consciousness within his texts. The Eva Figes chapter encounters her novels through the consideration of her contribution to feminist criticism and the impact of the Second World War. The Alan Burns chapter investigates the impact of William Burroughs upon British experimental writing and the politics of physical textual manipulation. The Ann Quin chapter engages with experimental theatre and new theories of being appearing in the Sixties which palpably inform her work. The Christine Brooke-Rose chapter reassesses her four novels between 1964 and 1975 in relation to the idea of “experimental literature” proposed in the rest of the thesis in order to argue its fundamental difference from the postmodernism Brooke-Rose practices in her novels after 1984. Overall, by presenting the “experimental” novelists of the Sixties in context this thesis argues that a unity of purpose can be located within the group in spite of the heterogeneity of aesthetics created by each individual writer; overcoming the primary challenge such a grouping presents to literary scholars.
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Griffin, John N. "Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning : experimental tests using rockpools as a model system." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2471.
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How anthropogenic changes to species composition and diversity are likely to affect the properties of the ecosystems of which they are an integral part, and by extension the goods and services humans derive from them, is a key question in ecology. Despite over a decade of vigorous empirical research and theoretical developments, there remain many unknowns. Using intertidal rockpools and laboratory marine mesocosrns, I used a variety of approaches to address several of these relatively poorly studied issues. In particular, the work presented here focused on the relative roles of species composition and richness, as well as the extent to which such effects are context-dependent. The first study (Chapter II) takes advantage of a successional gradient of macroalgal species composition and diversity resulting from the periodic addition of artificial rockpools to a coastal defense structure. The results show that the focal ecosystem properties (macroalgal biomass and productivity) were largely determined by species composition (and functional traits). Macroalgal species evenness, but not diversity, peaked at intermediate stages during the chronosequence, but no measure of diversity had a detectable influence on primary productivity. The results confirm the prediction that effects of species diversity will be outweighed by compositional changes during succession. I used an experimental approach in Chapters III to V, manipulating the composition and richness of intertidal molluscan grazers (Chapters III and V) and intertidal predatory crabs (Chapter IV) and measuring their effects on prey assemblages as focal ecosystem processes. In a 13-month field experiment (Chapter III) I found that effects on the composition and functioning of developing rockpool communities were determined by grazer composition, not the number of species. Laboratory mesocosm experiments show that the influence of species richness on ecosystem processes can be context-dependent. The effect of resource partitioning (of the multi-species prey assemblage) among predators was only detectable at high predator densities where competitive interactions between individual predators were magnified. A factorial experiment using the rate of algal consumption by molluscan grazers as a response variable, provides the first empirical test of the prediction that the balance between species richness and identity effects can be determined by the degree of spatial heterogeneity (Chapter V). Species identity had strong effects on homogeneous substrates, with the identity of the best-performing species dependent on the substrate. The strengths and limitations of the predominantly small-scale experimental approach employed here are discussed (Chapter VI).
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Wang, Xin. "Bounded Multiattribute Utility in Behavioral Decision Research: Theory, Estimation and Experimental Tests." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406821794.
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Kyogoku, Daisuke. "Mechanisms of reproductive interference in seed beetles: experimental tests of alternative hypotheses." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199135.
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Ashton, Triss A. "Accuracy and Interpretability Testing of Text Mining Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283791/.
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Extracting meaningful information from large collections of text data is problematic because of the sheer size of the database. However, automated analytic methods capable of processing such data have emerged. These methods, collectively called text mining first began to appear in 1988. A number of additional text mining methods quickly developed in independent research silos with each based on unique mathematical algorithms. How good each of these methods are at analyzing text is unclear. Method development typically evolves from some research silo centric requirement with the success of the method measured by a custom requirement-based metric. Results of the new method are then compared to another method that was similarly developed. The proposed research introduces an experimentally designed testing method to text mining that eliminates research silo bias and simultaneously evaluates methods from all of the major context-region text mining method families. The proposed research method follows a random block factorial design with two treatments consisting of three and five levels (RBF-35) with repeated measures. Contribution of the research is threefold. First, the users perceived a difference in the effectiveness of the various methods. Second, while still not clear, there are characteristics with in the text collection that affect the algorithms ability to extract meaningful results. Third, this research develops an experimental design process for testing the algorithms that is adaptable into other areas of software development and algorithm testing. This design eliminates the bias based practices historically employed by algorithm developers.
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Pearson, Nicholas John. "Experimental Snap Loading of Synthetic Fiber Ropes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30925.
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Energy is lost when a rope transfers from a slack state to a taut state. This transfer is called a snap load and can be very violent. It is proposed to use synthetic fiber ropes as a type of passive control device in new or existing structures to mitigate seismic response. Experimental static and snap load (dynamic) tests were conducted on various synthetic fiber ropes. An eleven-foot-tall drop tower was built in the Virginia Tech Structures and Materials Laboratory in order to conduct these tests.
Force and acceleration of the drop plate, which slides vertically within the drop tower, were measured with respect to time for all dynamic tests. Acceleration data was integrated using the trapezoidal or midpoint rule to obtain velocity and displacement values. Plots were made for each test in order to give a better representation of the results. These plots include representations of force and acceleration vs. time, force vs. absolute displacement, force vs. velocity, and force, acceleration, velocity, and displacement vs. time (during the initial taut phase only).
Test results show that energy was dissipated in all of the dynamic drop tests, which was expected. Also, the displacement of each rope did not return to zero at the same time that the force returned to zero after the initial snap load. This proves that the ropes undergo some permanent elongation under load. The stiffness of each rope increased with continuous testing. As more tests are conducted on each rope, the strands are pulled tighter into the braided configuration, which causes the rope to become stiffer.<br>Master of Science
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Mahato, Mahendra. "Evaluation of City of Denton Sub-Watershed by Benthic Macroinvertebrate Field Experimental Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5314/.
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In this study, two different field experiments were designed to assess the relative influence of urbanization on benthic communities. During spring and summer, four urban and one reference sites from Denton County, Texas were selected for benthic macroinvertebrate evaluation. Statistically significant differences in colonized benthic macroinvertebrate taxa on artificial substrates were observed among the four urban sites and the reference site. Oligochaetes and chironomids were the dominant taxa at all sites. Identification of chironomid larvae at the subfamily and genus level to detect differences between sites had higher statistical power than the evaluation based on total chironomids. At the reference site, Caenis, Cladotanytarsus, Orthocladius, and Ceratopogonidae were the dominant taxa, while the urban sites were dominated by Dero, Physella, Ancylidae, Chironomus, Dicrotendipes, Glyptotendipes, Polypedilum, Pseudochironomus, Stenochironomus, and Tanytarsus. These differences may have been dependent upon differences in hydrologic regime and water quality between sites. Significant differences (ANOVA, p < 0.01) in water quality parameters (alkalinity, hardness, nitrates, phosphates, chlorides, sulfates, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and triazine) were found among water samples collected from the reference and urban sites. During the transfer period, most of the Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera taxa and a few other taxa disappeared from artificial substrates that were colonized at the reference site and then moved to the urban sites. Also, local abundant taxa from the urban site significantly (t test, p < 0.05) increased in number on the transferred artificial substrates. Seasonal differences in colonization patterns were also observed between the spring and summer experimental periods, which indicate that temporal variation is equally important, as is the anthropogenic effect in benthic community evaluation. Field survival and growth experiments using Erpetogomphus designatus larvae were designed to detect differences between evaluated sites. Larvae were collected from the reference site, measured in the laboratory, and exposed at the urban sites for six weeks in using specially designed cages. The exposed larvae demonstrated a higher mortality rate at the urban sites compared to the reference site.
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Marques, Michelle de Oliveira. "Avaliação de trechos de pavimentos experimentais construídos com materiais alternativos na região metropolitana de Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5415.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-27<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>In the Federal University of Goias (UFG) some researches have been developed focus on the
importance of the alternative materials study for urban paving in substitution to the traditional
materials used in the area, as the lateritic gravel. These studies contemplated the construction
of experimental road pavements divided in sections in function of the materials composition
used for the subbase and base layers execution, aiming the evaluation of the pavement
performance when submitted to the real traffic in roads with low to medium traffic volume.
Since 2004, three experimental roads were built, being two in the city of Goiania-GO and one
in Aparecida of Goiania-GO. The no conventional and environmental correct materials used
in those works were: civil construction waste, quarry waste, phosphogypsum and mixtures of
fine soil found at the place of the work with crushed rock or lime. As the periodic monitoring
is of great importance for the constant evaluation of the behavior of those pavements, this
research had as objective monitors the existent roads in the year of 2011 and to compare the
results obtained with the one of the previous studies. For so much, several field tests were
done in two different periods: one of dry and other rainy. The field tests were executed with
the following equipments: Benkelman beam, plate bearing, Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
(DCP) and PenetrometreAutonomeNumeriqueDynamique equal AssistéOrdinatur (PANDA),
so much with the cone of 2 cm2 as with the one of 4 cm². Besides, samples of the structural
layers of the pavements and subgrades were collected for water content verification in the two
periods of tests. At the end of each test the comparison of the roads performance was done
along the time from the construction period. In general, it is observed that all the alternative
materials used in the experimental pavements have been presenting similar behavior to the
lateritic gravel, showing application viability.<br>Têm sido desenvolvidas na Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) pesquisas sobre a apliação
de materiais alternativos para pavimentação urbana em substituição aos materiais tradicionais
utilizados na região, como o cascalho laterítico. Alguns dos estudos realizados envolveram a
construção de trechos de pavimentos experimentais divididos em subtrechos com diversas
composições de materiais utilizados para execução das camadas de sub-base e base. Foi
avaliado o comportamento dos mesmos submetidos à solicitações reais em vias de baixo a
médio volume de tráfego. Desde 2004 foram construídos três trechos experimentais, sendo
dois na cidade de Goiânia-GO e um em Aparecida de Goiânia-GO. Dentre os materiais não
convencionais ambientalmente corretos utilizados nessas obras têm-se: resíduo da construção
e demolição (RCD), resíduos de pedreira, fosfogesso e misturas de solo argiloso encontrado
no local da obra com brita ou com cal. Considerando que periódico é de grande importância
para a avaliação do comportamento desses pavimentos, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo
monitorar os trechos existentes no ano de 2011 e comparar os resultados obtidos com os dos
estudos anteriores. Para tanto, foram realizados diversos ensaios de campo em dois períodos
distintos: um de seca e outro chuvoso. Foram executados ensaios com os seguintes
equipamentos: viga Benkelman, prova de carga sobre placa, Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
(DCP) e Penetrometre Autonome Numerique Dynamique Assisté par Ordinatur (PANDA),
tanto com a ponteira de 2 cm2 como com ade 4 cm². Além disso, foram coletadas amostras
das camadas estruturais dos pavimentos e dos subleitos para verificação do teor de umidade
nos dois períodos de ensaios. Ao final de cada ensaio foi realizada a comparação de
desempenho dos trechos ao longo do tempo desde o período de construção. De uma forma
geral, observa-se que todos os materiais alternativos utilizados nos trechos experimentais têm
apresentado comportamento similar ao do cascalho, mostrando à viabilidade de sua utilização.
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Arantes, Alessandra Riposati. "Elaboração de um material paradidático de física: textos e experimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-04022014-173819/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho consiste na elaboração de três livros paradidáticos e, tem como público alvo pessoas interessadas em conhecer um pouco de ciência. Vale mencionar que os livros em questão servem como suporte aos livros didáticos. O conteúdo da obra é apresentado por meios de questionamentos acerca de fenômenos físicos que quatro adolescentes fazem entre si. Quando não conseguem esclarecer esses fenômenos por si só, as personagens procuram um site, o qual conduzirá toda a trama, sempre respondendo o necessário e propondo atividades com as quais serão esclarecidas todas as dúvidas. No decorrer da narrativa são inseridos dados históricos pelas próprias personagens. Uma outra preocupação foi a de apresentar atividades que foram rigorosamente testadas, de forma que qualquer pessoa que se disponha a realizar algum experimento não se frustre com resultados absurdos. Todas as atividades são propostas com materiais simples e de baixo custo, tomando-se mais acessíveis. Nessa dissertação serão apresentados livros cujos temas são: eletrostática; eletricidade dinâmica e eletromagnetismo. Para comprovar a viabilidade desses materiais, os livros foram apresentados a adolescentes e adultos com o intuito de reproduzirem sozinhos as experiências, atividade que nos proporcionou a reformulação de alguns dados e, assim, a obtenção de resultados positivos<br>This work is based on the confection of three paradidactic books dedicated to people interested in learning a little more about science. In this sense, it is worth noting that such books give support to didactic ones. The books\' contents are presented by the questioning of physical phenomena by four adolescents. The idea is that whenever the adolescents are not able to clarify the concepts by themselves, they consult an Internet site, which leads them to the right ideas and concepts by proposing activities or directly answering questions. As the narrative is done, characters present historical data pertinent to the topics. During the development of the work, a major concern of the authors was to present rigorously tested activities so that any person willing to realize the experiments doesn\'t get frustrated by absurd results. The activities are proposed with simple and inexpensive materials, which are easily accessible. The themes of the books are: electrostatic, dynamic electricity and electromagnetism and to prove the effectiveness of the collection, the books were presented to adolescents and adults which were encouraged to reproduce the experiments. By analyzing the results of such contact to the public, the quality of the work was enhanced
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Sadeghi, Rassoul Education Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "An investigation of the consequences for students of using different procedures to equate tests as fit to the Rasch model degenerates." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Education, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27205.
Full textAbstract:
Many large-scale national and international testing programs use the Rasch model to govern the construction of measurement scales that can be used to monitor standards of performance and monitor performance over time. A significant issue that arises in such programs is that once a decision has been made to use the model, it is not possible to reverse the decision if the data do not fit the model. There are two levels of question that result from such a situation. One of them involves the issue of misfit to the model. That is, how robust is the model to violations of fit of the data to the model? A second question emerges from the premise that the issue of fit to the model is a relative matter. That is, ultimately, it becomes the decision of users as to whether data fit the model well enough to suit the purpose of the users. Once this decision has been made, such as in the case of large-scale testing programs like the ones refocused to above, then the question reverts to one in which the focus is on the applications of the Rasch model. More specifically, in the case of this study, the intention is to examine the consequences of variability of fit to the Rasch model on the measures of student performance obtained from two different equating procedures. Two related simulation studies have been conducted to compare the results obtained from using two different equating procedures (namely separate and concurrent equating) with the Rasch Simple Logistic model, as data-model fit gets progressively worse. The results indicate that when data-model fit ranges from good fit to average fit (MNSQ ??? 1.60), there is little or no difference between the results obtained from the different equating procedures. However, when data-model fit ranges from relatively poor fit to poor fit (MNSQ > 1.60), the results from using different equating procedures prove less comparable. When the results of these two simulation studies are translated to a situation in Australia, for example, where different states use different equating procedures to generate a single comparable score and then these scores are used to compare performances amongst students and to predetermined standards or benchmarks, it raises significant equity issues. In essence, it means that in the latter situation, some students are deemed to be either above or below the standards purely as a consequence of the equating procedure selected. For example, students could be deemed to be above a benchmark if separate equating was used to produce the scale; yet these same students could be deemed to fall below the benchmark if concurrent equating is used. The actual consequences of this decision will vary from situation to situation. For example, if the same equating procedure was used each year to equate the data to form a single scale, then it could be argued that it does not matter if the results vary from occasion to occasion because it is consistent for the cohort of students from year to year. However, if other states or countries, for example, use a different equating procedure and the results are compared, then there is an equity problem. The extent of the problem is dependent upon the robustness of the model to varying degrees of misfit.
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Pessoa, Karina dos Santos Galego. "Proposta de procedimento para estudar a ampliação dos parâmetros: densidade de pontos por centímetro e espessura das agulhas, especificados pela norma ABNT NBR 9925:2009, utilizados na verificação da costurabilidade de vestuário escolar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-21062015-195803/.
Full textAbstract:
A indústria de confecção de vestuário transforma um tecido bidimensional em um artigo tridimensional. Embora existam vários métodos para unir as partes de um artigo de vestuário, a costura com linhas é o método mais utilizado. A costura é quem fornece resistência à peça, e nesse sentido, perde sua funcionalidade se por acaso romper os fios do tecido, ou ainda, se houver rompimento da linha, ou outro problema como esgarçamento, deslizamento do tecido ou da costura. A qualidade de uma costura é definida pelos seus desempenhos funcionais e estéticos. A norma ABNT NBR 9925:2009 estabelece as condições do ensaio que indica se a costura tem tendência a abrir-se mediante a aplicação de uma força; também aponta os tipos de agulhas, linhas e fios, e ainda indica a densidade de pontos e máquinas adequadas para a confecção dos corpos de prova que serão ensaiados. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o planejamento de experimentos para estudar a possibilidade de ampliar dos valores de densidade de pontos por centímetro e espessuras das agulhas, propostos pela referida norma ABNT NBR 9925:2009 para verificar a costurabilidade de uniformes escolares. Foram selecionados no mercado três tecidos normalmente utilizados na confecção desses artigos; e em seguida, realizados os ensaios físicos de gramatura, determinação da densidade de pontos por centímetro e determinação do esgarçamento de uma costura padrão. O modelo estatístico escolhido foi o planejamento aleatorizado por níveis; e para a análise dos resultados foram utilizados a ANOVA (análise de variância), com intervalo de confiança de 95%, e o box plot. Os resultados obtidos indicam a viabilidade do uso do estudo proposto para a seleção da densidade de pontos e tipo de agulhas em função da aplicação do produto final.<br>The industry of making clothing becomes a two-dimensional fabric in a three-dimensional article. Although there are several methods to connect the parts of an article of clothing, the seam with lines is the most used method. The sewing is who provides resistance to the part and, in this sense, the seam loses its functionality if by chance breaking the wires of the tissue, or even if there is no line rupture, or another problem such as fraying, slip the fabric or sewing. The quality of a seam is defined by its functional performance and aesthetic. The ABNT NBR 9925:2009 establishes the conditions for the test that indicates if the seam has a tendency to open up through the application of a force and also indicates the types of needles, lines, wires, dot density and suitable machines for the manufacture of bodies of evidence to be tested. The objective of this work is to use the planning of experiments to study the possibility of expanding the density values of points per centimeter and thicknesses of needles, proposed by ABNT NBR 9925:2009 for the verification of sewability school uniforms. They were selected on the market three tissues normally used in the manufacture of these articles and the tests of physical weight, determination of the density of dots per centimeter and determination of the fraying of a sewing pattern. The statistical model chosen was the randomised trial planning by levels and for the analysis of the results were used for the ANOVA (Analysis of variance), with 95% confidence interval, and the box plot. The results indicate the feasibility of the use of the proposed study to selecting the density of stitches and needle type depending on the application of the final product.
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Garrido, Miñambres Germán. "La invención del término "Novelle". "La fuerza de la sangre" como texto ejemplar de la "Novelle" alemana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1669.
Full textAbstract:
A fnales del siglo XVIII empieza a emplearse en la literatura alemana el término Novelle" para designar una tradición genérica supuestamente procedente de la tradición románica. Pese a que con posterioridad la Novelle ha merecido ser considerada la más importante forma narrativa de la literatura alemana, su estudio no ha sido capaz de fijar una descripción exacta y unánimemente aceptada e los elementos que la conforman, La teoría de la Novelle desarrolla durante el siglo XIX se reduce a un grupo de testimonios fragmentarios y contradictorios de los que es imposible inferir una definición coherente del género. Ya en el siglo XX, las distintas teorías planteadas por la crítica especializada han demostrado ser demasiado restrictivas o demasiado laxas como para dar cuenta del corpus textual designado por el término genérico. La presente tesis asume como presupuesto que la Novelle no constituye una excepción incómoda en la historia de los géneros literarios, sino que su problemática apunta a una de las cuestiones centrales en la actual comparatística: las relaciones entre el texto individual y la denominación genérica. En contra de lo que sostienen las teorías genéricas más divulgadas, esas relaciones distan mucho de ser homogéneas. Mientras otros nombres genéricos designan un conjunto de características temático-formales que se manifiestan en forma de marcas textuales, el término Novelle" remite a un modelo ideal, una abstracción que no llega nunca a expresarse por completo en el texto. Lo que comparten las diferentes definiciones clásicas de la Novelle no es por lo tanto el sentido concedido al término genérico, sino el modo de emplearlo. Este uso del término Novelle" pone en entredicho el valor descriptivo de las definiciones clásicas y constituye el auténtico elemento diferencial del género.<br/><br/>La investigación parte de este horizonte teórico para plantear distintas cuestiones en torno a la historicidad de la Novelle. Ante la dificultad de fijar un criterio regulador que oriente el uso del término genérico se opta por recurrir a los textos que la tradición ha querido contemplar como realización ejemplar del género. Entre ellos figura La fuerza de la sangre de Cervantes, novela que conoce diversas versiones en la literatura alemana del XIX. El cotejo entre el original cervantino y las variantes alemanas permite mostrar cómo los textos ejemplares orientan la proyección del modelo ideal al que remite el término genérico.<br><I>The 19 century theory of the "Novelle" comes down to a group of fragmentary and contradictory testimonies from wich it is impossible to infer a coherent and final definition of the genre. The author advocates, nevetherless, for the existence of a common element shared by the different theoretical contributions of this period wich is evident, not in the sense atributed to the generic term, but rather to the way of making use of it. In the main theoretical approaches of the 19 century, the term "Novelle" designates simultaneously the artistic ideal according to wich every author encodes the ultimate objective of the genre and a type closer to the reality of the narrative production of his time. This use of the generic term deprives the classical definitions of all their descriptive function and constitutes the genuine differential element of the Novelle regarding the traditionaly called "historical genres". </I>
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FONTES, ALLYSSANDRUS ELSON BARROS. "FIELD AND LABORATORY TESTS ON THE BACKFILL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL TIRE RETAINING WALL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1932@1.
Full textAbstract:
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER<br>Este trabalho consiste na determinação de parâmetros de
deformabilidade e resistência do solo do retro-aterro do
muro experimental de pneus, localizado em Jacarepaguá (Rio
de Janeiro). O muro experimental de pneus possui quatro
seções, das quais foram escolhidas duas para realização dos
ensaios de campo e para extração dos blocos indeformados.
Foram realizados ensaios dilatométricos e pressiométricos
no campo, e ensaios de caracterização, adensamento e
resistência ao cisalhamento no laboratório.
O programa de ensaios de cisalhamento no laboratório
consistiu de cisalhamento direto com corpo de prova na
umidade natural e submersos, ensaios triaxiais
convencionais e ensaios triaxiais com trajetória de tensão
especiais.
Uma descrição detalhada das metodologias de execução e
interpretação dos ensaios está apresentada neste trabalho,
juntamente com uma discussão dos resultados obtidos.
Em particular, a discussão enfocou os valores de tensões in
situ (coeficiente de empuxo k0) e dos módulos de
deformabilidade (módulo de Young, coeficiente de Poisson,
módulo cisalhante, dentre outros). As características de
resistências também foram analisadas, considerando-se o
solo com a umidade natural ou na condição de saturação
total.
Como principais conclusões, pode-se ressaltar que o
material compactado apresenta-se como levemente pré-
adensado, com valores de OCR menores que 2 e k0 da ordem de
0,68 a 0,70.<br>This thesis consists of a study of stress-strain-strength
behavior of the compacted embankment constructed behind the
experimental tire wall located in Jacarepagua (Rio de
Janeiro). The experimental wall has four sections with
differet characteristics. From these, two were chosen for
the field tests and for extraction of undisturbed samples.
Dilatometer and pressuremeter were accomplished in the
field, together with characterization, consolidation and
shear resistance tests in the laboratory. The experimental
program in the laboratory consisted of direct shear on
specimens with natural moisture content and submerged
conditions. Conventional triaxial test and special stress
path tests were also performed under drained conditions.
Detailed description of the methodology and interpretation
of all tests are presented in this work, together with a
discussion of the results. In particular, the discussion
focussed on the values of in situ stresses (coefficient of
lateral stress at rest) and of the stress-strain modulus
(Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, shear modulus). The shear
strength characteristics were also analyzed, considering
both natural humidity and totally saturated specimens. From
the most significant conclusions, it can be pointed out
that the compacted material was shown to be slightly
overconsolidated, with values of OCR smaller than 2 and k0
in of the order of 0,68 to 0,70. The differences between
field and laboratory values are also discussed in the
thesis.<br>Este trabajo consiste en la determinación de los parámetros
de deformabilidad y resistencia del suelo del terraplenado
del muro experimental de neumáticos, localizado en
Jacarepaguá (Rio de Janeiro). EL muro experimental de
neumáticos posee cuatro secciones, de las cuales fueron
seleccionadas dos para la realización de los ensayos de
campo y para la extracción de los bloques no deformados.
Fueron realizados ensayos dilatométricos y presiométricos
en campo, y ensayos de caracterización, adensamiento y
resistencia al cizallamiento en el laboratório. EL programa
de ensayos de cizallamiento en el laboratorio consistió de
cizallamiento directo con cuerpo de prueba en la humedad
natural y sumergidos, ensayos triaxiales convencionales y
ensayos triaxiales con trayectoria de tensión especial. Em
este trabajo se presenta una descripción detallada de las
metodologías de ejecución e interpretación de los ensayos,
conjuntamente con una discusión de los resultados
obtenidos. En particular, la discusión enfocó los valores
de tensiones in situ (coeficiente de empuje k0) y de los
módulos de deformabilidad (módulo de Yong, coeficiente de
Poison, módulo cizallante, dentre otros). Las
características de resistencia también fueron analizadas,
considerando el suelo con la humedad natural o en la
condición de saturación total. Como principales
conclusiones se puede resaltar que el material compactado
está levemente preadensado, con valores de OCR menores que
2 y k0 del órden de 0,68 la 0,70.
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Mrowicki, R. J. "Context-dependency of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships : experimental tests in rocky intertidal communities." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680061.
Full textAbstract:
Despite major advances in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning CBEF) research over the past two decades, there remains a critical need to evaluate the consequences of species loss from complex ecosystems against a background of global environmental change. The aim of this thesis was to determine the ecological effects of species loss and test their context-dependency with respect to current and predicted environmental change. Focusing on grazer-algal interactions and their role in regulating the functioning of rocky intertidal ecosystems, four empirical studies were conducted at different locations on the coast of Ireland. First, wave action and temperature were manipulated simultaneously in outdoor mesocosms containing synthetic rock pool assemblages. The results of this experiment suggest that predicted increases in wave disturbance may exacerbate the consequences of changes in grazer diversity. Second, the responses of macroalgal assemblages to grazer species loss were tested in mussel beds and rock pools on a wave-exposed shore. This demonstrated that the identity-driven effects of consumer species loss can transcend differences in environmental conditions between habitats. Third, algal communities in mussel beds on a moderately wave-exposed shore were subjected to differing temporal regimes of fluctuating grazer densities, combined with elevated sedimentation. As well as emphasising the importance of environmental variability in regulating ecosystem processes, this showed that increased grazing variability can alter the susceptibility of communities to perturbation. Finally, limpets and barnacles were removed on three sheltered and three wave-exposed shores. There were interactive effects of species loss that varied unpredictably with wave exposure, indicating that environmental context can determine the extent to which functional characteristics may predict the consequences of species loss. This research provides important empirical demonstrations of interactive effects of species diversity and environmental context on ecosystem processes in ecologically realistic systems. These findings are discussed and developed in relation to the modern BEF framework.
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Heyns, Jeanne. "The effectiveness of using pictograms and text on medication labels at primary healthcare facilities in Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7480.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm<br>Background 2
Medication labels are often the only information available to patients after obtaining medication 3 from the pharmacy or other healthcare practitioners. Inappropriately designed medicine labelling 4 contributes to poor interpretation and improper use, which could adversely affect patient health 5 outcomes. In developing countries, pictograms (pictures representing words or phrases), on 6 medicine labels tend to support patients’ ability to read, understand and recall information. 7
8
Objective 9
This comparative study examined low-literate participants’ interpretation of ‘text-and-pictogram’ 10 instructions versus ‘routine text-only’ instructions relative to the intended medicine use 11 instructions on an oral rehydration (OR) dry mixture sachet in public sector Community Health 12 Centres (CHCs) in Cape Town. 13
14
Method 15
CHCs, (n=4) from Tygerberg (Cape Town) sub-district were recruited. Two trained data collectors 16 recruited participants from the paediatric section’s waiting area. Participants were either shown an 17 OR medicine label containing both “text-and-pictograms” (experimental group) and one 18 containing “routine text-only” (control group) instructions. Data regarding understanding of six 19 instructions for use on the medicine label were recorded. Responses were scored according to a 3-20 point Likert scale and compared for each question, to calculate which of the experimental or 21 control group answered better. Responses to the questions to explain the observed deviation 22 between the participant interpretation of the label and the intended message of the label, was noted. 23 Responses were recorded and transcribed. Open-ended questions regarding label interpretation and 24 preference were thematically analysed.
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Santarelli, Frederic Joseph. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of the stability of the axisymmetric wellbore." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7225.
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Zhang, Dan. "Design of Statistically and Energy Efficient Accelerated Life Tests." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320992.
Full textAbstract:
Because of the needs for producing highly reliable products and reducing product development time, Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) has been widely used in new product development as an alternative to traditional testing methods. The basic idea of ALT is to expose a limited number of test units of a product to harsher-than-normal operating conditions to expedite failures. Based on the failure time data collected in a short time period, an ALT model incorporating the underlying failure time distribution and life-stress relationship can be developed to predict the product reliability under the normal operating condition. However, ALT experiments often consume significant amount of energy due to the harsher-than-normal operating conditions created and controlled by the test equipment used in the experiments. This challenge may obstruct successful implementations of ALT in practice. In this dissertation, a new ALT design methodology is developed to improve the reliability estimation precision and the efficiency of energy utilization in ALT. This methodology involves two types of ALT design procedures - the sequential optimization approach and the simultaneous optimization alternative with a fully integrated double-loop design architecture. Using the sequential optimum ALT design procedure, the statistical estimation precision of the ALT experiment will be improved first followed by energy minimization through the optimum design of controller for the test equipment. On the other hand, we can optimize the statistical estimation precision and energy consumption of an ALT plan simultaneously by solving a multi-objective optimization problem using a controlled elitist genetic algorithm. When implementing either of the methods, the resulting statistically and energy efficient ALT plan depends not only on the reliability of the product to be evaluated but also on the physical characteristics of the test equipment and its controller. Particularly, the statistical efficiency of each candidate ALT plan needs to be evaluated and the corresponding controller capable of providing the required stress loadings must be designed and simulated in order to evaluate the total energy consumption of the ALT plan. Moreover, the realistic physical constraints and tracking performance of the test equipment are also addressed in the proposed methods for improving the accuracy of test environment. In this dissertation, mathematical formulations, computational algorithms and simulation tools are provided to handle such complex experimental design problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first methodological investigation on experimental design of statistically precise and energy efficient ALT. The new experimental design methodology is different from most of the previous work on planning ALT in that (1) the energy consumption of an ALT experiment, depending on both the designed stress loadings and controllers, cannot be expressed as a simple function of the related decision variables; (2) the associated optimum experimental design procedure involves tuning the parameters of the controller and evaluating the objective function via computer experiment (simulation). Our numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in improving the reliability estimation precision while minimizing the total energy consumption in ALT. The robustness of the sequential optimization method is also verified through sensitivity analysis.
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Hatzinger, Reinhold, and Walter Katzenbeisser. "A Combination of Nonparametric Tests for Trend in Location." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1298/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A combination of some well known nonparametric tests to detect trend in location is considered. Simulation results show that the power of this combination is remarkably increased. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik
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Daniell, Andrew Keith. "Perceiving the direction of visual motion : experimental tests of a novel elaborated informational model." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285762.
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