Relevant bibliographies by topics / Experimental Surface Physics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Experimental Surface Physics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Experimental Surface Physics"

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Block, J. H., A. M. Bradshaw, P. C. Gravelle, J. Haber, R. S. Hansen, M. W. Roberts, N. Sheppard, and K. Tamaru. "A survey of experimental techniques in surface chemical physics." Pure and Applied Chemistry 62, no. 12 (January 1, 1990): 2297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199062122297.

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Boehler, R. "Experimental techniques in mineral and rock physics." Tectonophysics 241, no. 3-4 (January 1995): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(95)90003-9.

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CONRAD, EDWARD H. "THE STABILITY OF LOW INDEX METAL SURFACES TO TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 03 (February 10, 1991): 427–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291000274.

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The study of defect formation at metal surfaces is a fundamental problem in surface physics. An understanding of defect formation is pertinent to growth and diffusion mechanisms. In addition, surface roughening, faceting, and surface melting are all defect mediated phase transitions involving the formation of different topological defects. While the importance of defects at surfaces is well recognized, the study of surface defects has been hampered by the lack of sufficiently accurate experimental techniques. In fact, it is only in the past 6 years that experiments on the thermal generation of defects on metal surfaces have been performed. This review attempts to outline both the theoretical and experimental work on surface defect formation on metal systems.
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Menzel, D. "Methods of experimental physics, vol. 22, solid state physics: Surfaces." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 112, no. 2 (August 1986): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(86)90133-5.

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Ramalingam, Chitra. "Dust Plate, Retina, Photograph: Imaging on Experimental Surfaces in Early Nineteenth-Century Physics." Science in Context 28, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 317–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889715000125.

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ArgumentThis article explores the entangled histories of three imaging techniques in early nineteenth-century British physical science, techniques in which a dynamic event (such as a sound vibration or an electric spark) was made to leave behind a fixed trace on a sensitive surface. Three categories of “sensitive surface” are examined in turn: first, a metal plate covered in fine dust; second, the retina of the human eye; and finally, a surface covered with a light-sensitive chemical emulsion (a photographic plate). For physicists Michael Faraday and Charles Wheatstone, and photographic pioneer William Henry Fox Talbot, transient phenomena could be studied through careful observation and manipulation of the patterns wrought on these different surfaces, and through an understanding of how the imaging process unfolded through time. This exposes the often-ignored materiality and temporality of epistemic practices around nineteenth-century scientific images said to be “drawn by nature.”
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Luntz, A. C. "Experimental Progress in Molecule-Surface Dynamics." Physica Scripta 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/35/2/018.

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Smolyaninov, Igor I., David L. Mazzoni, Joseph Mait, and Christopher C. Davis. "Experimental study of surface-plasmon scattering by individual surface defects." Physical Review B 56, no. 3 (July 15, 1997): 1601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.56.1601.

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Shen, Yuanyuan, Shengguo Guan, and Chunyin Qiu. "Topological valley transport of spoof surface acoustic waves." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 11 (March 21, 2023): 114305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137591.

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In recent years, topological physics has attracted broad attention in condensed matter systems. Here, we report an experimental study on topological valley transport of spoof surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Specifically, we realize valley pseudospins and a valley Hall phase transition by tuning the structural size of adjacent grooves. In addition to a direct visualization of the vortex chirality-locked beam splitting for the bulk valley states, valley-projected edge states are observed in straight and bent interface channels formed by two topologically distinct valley Hall insulating phases. The experimental data agree well with our numerical predictions. The topological transport of spoof SAWs, encoded with valley information, provides more possibilities in design novel acoustic devices based on the valley-contrasting physics.
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Lyu, Xujian, Honglu Yun, and Zhaoyu Wei. "Experimental Study of a Sphere Bouncing on the Water." Journal of Marine Science and Application 20, no. 4 (December 2021): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11804-021-00236-9.

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Abstract In this paper, the flow physics and impact dynamics of a sphere bouncing on a water surface are studied experimentally. During the experiments, high-speed camera photography techniques are used to capture the cavity and free surface evolution when the sphere impacts and skips on the water surface. The influences of the impact velocity (v1) and impact angle (θ1) of the sphere on the bouncing flow physics are also investigated, including the cavitation evolution, motion characteristics, and bounding law. Regulations for the relationship between v1 and θ1 to judge whether the sphere can bounce on the water surface are presented and analyzed by summarizing a large amount of experimental data. In addition, the effect of θ1 on the energy loss of the sphere is also analyzed and discussed. The experiment results show that there is a fitted curve of $${v}_{1}=17.5{\theta }_{1}-45.5$$ v 1 = 17.5 θ 1 - 45.5 determining the relationship between the critical initial velocity and angle whether the sphere bounces on the water surface.
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Elkins, Bryan S., Majid Keyhani, and Jay I. Frankel. "Surface Heat Flux Prediction Through Physics-Based Calibration, Part 2: Experimental Validation." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 27, no. 2 (April 2013): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.t3918.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Experimental Surface Physics"

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Morgan, S. J. "An experimental study of the vanadium and calcium fluoride/silicon (111) interfaces." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234711.

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Martin, James Stephen. "An experimental study of the scattered near field of submerged objects with surface impedance discontinuities." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16095.

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Whitaker, Steven Michael. "Informing Physics-Based Particle Deposition Models Using Novel Experimental Techniques to Evaluate Particle-Surface Interactions." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500473579986028.

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Marchant, A. L. "Experimental and theoretical studies of surface and volume changes in dielectrics induced by long-pulse RF CO₂ laser irradiation." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5763.

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This thesis describes research into infrared (IR) laser irradiation and damage of four commercially significant polymers: polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP). Many research groups have studied the laser ablation and irradiation of polymers, but they have focussed mainly on ultraviolet and pulsed infrared sources. There appears to be little published data for laser irradiation of polymers with IR lasers operating with pulse durations in the range 50µs to 1ms. Laser coupling to polymers is strongly dependent on the absorption coefficient at the emission wavelength. These properties are widely known and used to inform experimental practice but the absorption coefficient used in the literature is usually that measured at room temperature and low power. In this way it does not truly represent typical experimental conditions. It is also commonly assumed that the laser wavelength is constant. In this work the laser wavelength has been determined as a function of time during a typical pulse for a radio frequency (RF) excited CO2 laser. It was found that the emission wavelength could move from as short as 10.53µm to as long as 10.63µm during a 200µs duration pulse. This alone was seen to affect the absorption cofficient of the polymers studied. The absorption coefficient as a function of polymer temperature was measured over all wavelengths. This allowed any changes in the optical coupling during laser heating to be inferred. The change in absorption coefficient as a function of temperature was determined as being -0.40cm-1K-1, 0.86cm-1K-1, 0.48cm-1K-1and 0.04cm-1K-1 for PI, PEEK, PET and PP respectively at a wavelength of 10.59µm. The threshold fluence for damage was determined as a function of the laser pulse duration. Damage included any permanent change to the polymer surface and in this way took into account decomposition and melting, as well as ablation. Together with the absorption coefficient data, this allowed the energy densities to be calculated. For PI and PEEK these were found to be 2.4kJ/cm3 and 1.9kJ/cm3 respectively and agreed with existing data. The threshold energy density was 0.1kJ/cm3 for PET and 0.2kJ/cm3 for PP. These results were smaller than those expected from the literature due to melting rather than ablation taking place. The threshold fluence for each polymer was found to be mostly independent of laser pulse duration over the range investigated. The small thermal diffusivity of the materials was thought to be the reason for this. Calculations using solutions to the heat diffusion equation and a rate limited thermal decomposition model were found to be consistent with the experimental results. Some initial calculations of the effect of including the temperature dependent absorption coefficient indicated that this does indeed affect the temperature profile during and after the laser pulse. It has been shown that the RF CO2 laser is suitable for polymer processing, particularly for applications where spot size and high resolution etching are not an issue. Laser marking, cutting and hole-drilling would be acceptable applications for this laser which offers more choice in terms of duty-cycle and pulse duration than the pulsed TEA CO2 alternatives. Quantification of the thermal and optical properties and the interaction between these two parameters could be extended to other polymers and it is expected that similar behaviours would be observed.
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Siverns, James D. "Yb ion trap experimental set-up and two-dimensional ion trap surface array design towards analogue quantum simulations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43344/.

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Ions trapped in Paul traps provide a system which has been shown to exhibit most of the properties required to implement quantum information processing. In particular, a two-dimensional array of ions has been shown to be a candidate for the implementation of quantum simulations. Microfabricated surface geometries provide a widely used technology with which to create structures capable of trapping the required two-dimensional array of ions. To provide a system which can utilise the properties of trapped ions a greater understanding of the surface geometries which can trap ions in two-dimensional arrays would be advantageous, and allow quantum simulators to be fabricated and tested. In this thesis I will present the design, set-up and implementation of an experimental apparatus which can be used to trap ions in a variety of different traps. Particular focus will be put on the ability to apply radio-frequency voltages to these traps via helical resonators with high quality factors. A detailed design guide will be presented for the construction and operation of such a device at a desired resonant frequency whilst maximising the quality factor for a set of experimental constraints. Devices of this nature will provide greater filtering of noise on the rf voltages used to create the electric field which traps the ions which could lead to reduced heating in trapped ions. The ability to apply higher voltages with these devices could also provide deeper traps, longer ion lifetimes and more efficient cooling of trapped ions. In order to efficiently cool trapped ions certain transitions must be known to a required accuracy. In this thesis the 2S1/2 → 2P1/2 Doppler cooling and 2D3/2 → 2D[3/2]1/2 repumping transition wavelengths are presented with a greater accuracy then previous work. These transitions are given for the 170, 171, 172, 174 and 176 isotopes of Yb+. Two-dimensional arrays of ions trapped above a microfabricated surface geometry provide a technology which could enable quantum simulations to be performed allowing solutions to problems currently unobtainable with classical simulation. However, the spin-spin interactions used in the simulations between neighbouring ions are required to occur on a faster time-scale than any decoherence in the system. The time-scales of both the ion-ion interactions and decoherence are determined by the properties of the electric field formed by the surface geometry. This thesis will show how geometry variables can be used to optimise the ratio between the decoherence time and the interaction time whilst simultaneously maximising the homogeneity of the array properties. In particular, it will be shown how the edges of the geometry can be varied to provide the maximum homogeneity in the array and how the radii and separation of polygons comprising the surface geometry vary as a function of array size for optimised arrays. Estimates of the power dissipation in these geometries will be given based on a simple microfabrication.
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Nattinger, Kevin T. "Experimental Validation of the Generalized Harvey-Shack Surface Scatter Theory." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1536246922074747.

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Yadavalli, Nataraja Sekhar. "Advances in experimental methods to probe surface relief grating formation mechanism in photosensitive materials." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7121/.

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When azobenzene-modified photosensitive polymer films are irradiated with light interference patterns, topographic variations in the film develop that follow the electric field vector distribution resulting in the formation of surface relief grating (SRG). The exact correspondence of the electric field vector orientation in interference pattern in relation to the presence of local topographic minima or maxima of SRG is in general difficult to determine. In my thesis, we have established a systematic procedure to accomplish the correlation between different interference patterns and the topography of SRG. For this, we devise a new setup combining an atomic force microscope and a two-beam interferometer (IIAFM). With this set-up, it is possible to track the topography change in-situ, while at the same time changing polarization and phase of the impinging interference pattern. To validate our results, we have compared two photosensitive materials named in short as PAZO and trimer. This is the first time that an absolute correspondence between the local distribution of electric field vectors of interference pattern and the local topography of the relief grating could be established exhaustively. In addition, using our IIAFM we found that for a certain polarization combination of two orthogonally polarized interfering beams namely SP (↕, ↔) interference pattern, the topography forms SRG with only half the period of the interference patterns. Exploiting this phenomenon we are able to fabricate surface relief structures below diffraction limit with characteristic features measuring only 140 nm, by using far field optics with a wavelength of 491 nm. We have also probed for the stresses induced during the polymer mass transport by placing an ultra-thin gold film on top (5–30 nm). During irradiation, the metal film not only deforms along with the SRG formation, but ruptures in regular and complex manner. The morphology of the cracks differs strongly depending on the electric field distribution in the interference pattern even when the magnitude and the kinetic of the strain are kept constant. This implies a complex local distribution of the opto-mechanical stress along the topography grating. The neutron reflectivity measurements of the metal/polymer interface indicate the penetration of metal layer within the polymer resulting in the formation of bonding layer that confirms the transduction of light induced stresses in the polymer layer to a metal film.
Azobenzolhaltige Polymere gehören zu einer Klasse funktionaler Materialien, bei denen durch ein äußeres Strahlungsfeld eine starke mechanische Reaktion ausgelöst werden kann. Durch die Bindung an das Polymerrückgrat können die Azobenzole, die unter UV-Belichtung eine Photoisomerisierung ausführen, was zum Teil drastische Effekte zur Folge hat. Unter Belichtung mit Intensitätsmustern, d.h. mit räumlich variierender Verteilung der Polarisation oder der Intensität des einfallenden Lichts verändert sich die Topographie der azobenzolhaltigen Filme, was zur Bildung von Oberflächengittern (engl. Surface Relief Gratings, SRG) führt. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neue Methode vorgeschlagen, bei der das Verhalten elastischer/morphologischer Eigenschaften unter verschiedenen Belichtungsbedingungen, d.h. mit unterschiedlicher Verteilung der Polarisation und der Intensität in situ lokal als Funktion der Position entlang der SRG aufgenommen werden kann. Außerdem wurde hier vorgeschlagen, opto-mechanische Spannungen, die innerhalb der photosensitiven Polymerfilme während der Belichtung entstehen, mit Hilfe dünner aufgebrachter metallischen Schichten abzubilden und zu analysieren.
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Bezryadin, Alexey. "Réseaux de Microtrous, vortex et supraconductivité de surface." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308630.

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Nous présentons une étude expérimentale et théorique sur la nucléation et l'évolution de la supraconductivité au voisinage d'un microtrou dans une couche mince. Sous champ magnétique la température critique d'une couche perforée est plus élevée que celle d'une couche sans trou et montre deux types d'oscillations quan tiques.
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Augier, Benoît. "Études expérimentales de l'interaction fluide-structure sur surface souple : application aux voiles de bateaux." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816348.

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Cette thèse vise à une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique du voilier et à la validation des outils numériques de prédiction de performances et d'optimisation par l'étude expérimentale in situ du problème aéro-élastique d'un gréement. Une instrumentation est développée sur un voilier de 8m de type J80 pour la mesure dynamique des efforts dans le gréement, de la forme des voiles en navigation, du vent et des attitudes du bateau. Un effort particulier est apporté à la mesure des caractéristiques géométriques et mécaniques des éléments du gréement, la calibration des capteurs et au système d'acquisition des données. Les principaux résultats montrent que le voilier instrumenté est un outil adapté pour les mesures instationnaires et soulignent l'amplitude de variation d'effort rencontrée en mer (20 à 50% de l'effort moyen dans une houle modérée). En outre, les variations du signal d'effort sont déphasées avec l'angle d'assiette, créant un phénomène d'hystérésis. Le comportement dynamique d'un voilier en mouvement diffère ainsi de l'approche quasi-statique. Les simulations numériques proviennent du code ARAVANTI, couplage implicite d'un code structure éléments finis ARA et d'un code fluide parfait, limitant son domaine de validité aux allures de près Les résultats de simulation sont très proches des cas stationnaires et concordent bien avec les mesures en instationnaire dans une houle de face. L'expérimentation numérique d'un gréement soumis à des oscillations harmoniques en tangage souligne l'importance de l'approche Interaction Fluide Structure (IFS) et montre que l'énergie échangée par le système avec la houle est reliée à la fréquence réduite et l'amplitude du mouvement. Certaines informations n'étant pas disponibles sur le voilier instrumenté, une expérience contrôlée en laboratoire est développée. Elle consiste en un carré de tissu tenu par deux lattes en oscillation forcée. Les mesures sur cette " voile oscillante " permettent d'étudier les phénomènes IFS avec décollement et sont utilisées pour la validation du couplage ARA-ISIS entre un code fluide Navier-Stokes (RANS) et le même code structure.
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Knotts, Michael E. "Experimental studies of multiple scattering by rough surfaces." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30269.

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Books on the topic "Experimental Surface Physics"

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Experimental innovations in surface science: A guide to practical laboratory methods and instruments. New York: AIP Press, 1998.

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1942-, Kong Jin Au, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of microwave scattering and the structure of the sea surface influencing radar observations from space. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Arnold, David. Experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of microwave scattering and the structure of the sea surface influencing radar observations from space: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Rabek, Jan F. Polymer Photodegradation: Mechanisms and experimental methods. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995.

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ill, Flax Zena, ed. Experimenting with surface tension and bubbles. New York: Chelsea Juniors, 1991.

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Whitehouse, Patricia. Resbalar. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2003.

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Proulx, Tom. Optical Measurements, Modeling, and Metrology, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2011, 2011.

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Patterson, Eann. Composite Materials and Joining Technologies for Composites, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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Proulx, Tom. Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc., 2011.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Thermomechanics and Infra-Red Imaging, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2011, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Experimental Surface Physics"

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Rieder, K. H. "Experimental Methods for Determining Surface Structures and Surface Corrugations." In Topics in Current Physics, 17–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46574-1_2.

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Engel, Thomas. "Experimental Aspects of Surface Roughening." In Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VII, 407–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73902-6_14.

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Lamoreaux, Steve K. "Progress in Experimental Measurements of the Surface–Surface Casimir Force: Electrostatic Calibrations and Limitations to Accuracy." In Casimir Physics, 219–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20288-9_7.

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Kosov, Valentin, Vladimir Kosov, and Victor Zaichenko. "Experimental Research of Pyrolysis Gases Cracking on Surface of Charcoal." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 371–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05521-3_47.

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Schöllkopf, Wieland. "Grating Diffraction of Molecular Beams: Present Day Implementations of Otto Stern’s Concept." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry, 575–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_25.

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AbstractWhen Otto Stern embarked on molecular-beam experiments in his new lab at Hamburg University a century ago, one of his interests was to demonstrate the wave-nature of atoms and molecules that had been predicted shortly before by Louis de Broglie. As the effects of diffraction and interference provide conclusive evidence for wave-type behavior, Otto Stern and his coworkers conceived two matter-wave diffraction experiments employing their innovative molecular-beam method. The first concept assumed the molecular ray to coherently scatter off a plane ruled grating at grazing incidence conditions, while the second one was based on the coherent scattering from a cleaved crystal surface. The latter concept allowed Stern and his associates to demonstrate the wave behavior of atoms and molecules and to validate de Broglie’s formula. The former experiment, however, fell short of providing evidence for diffraction of matter waves. It was not until 2007 that the grating diffraction experiment was retried with a modern molecular-beam apparatus. Fully resolved matter-wave diffraction patterns were observed, confirming the viability of Otto Stern’s experimental concept. The correct explanation of the experiment accounts for quantum reflection, another wave effect incompatible with the particle picture, which was not foreseen by Stern and his contemporaries.
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Zhu, Yiru, Luteng Zhang, Zhiguo Xi, Zaiyong Ma, Wan Sun, Longxiang Zhu, and Liangming Pan. "Study on Capiliary Characteristics of Stainless Steel Wire Mesh Wick of Alkali Metal Heat Pipe." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 1104–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_94.

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AbstractThe capillary characteristics of the wicks are of great significance to the normal operation of the heat pipe,and this study carried out the wick experiment of vertical reel stainless steel wire mesh in liquid sodium working medium and the visual observation experiment of sodium film in the wire mesh wick. The experimental results show that when the temperature of liquid sodium is about 400 ℃, the capillary phenomenon of stainless steel wire mesh occurs more obviously, and after 450 ℃, the evaporation of sodium is gradually obvious and accompanied by the mass fluctuation of the wire mesh wick. The visual observation experiment of sodium liquid film in the wire mesh found that the wetting and transition point of sodium on the surface of the stainless steel wire mesh was about 410 ℃, which was a good verification of the occurrence of the more obvious capillary phenomenon of the wick at about 400 ℃.
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Fedtchouk, A. P., R. A. Rudenko, E. M. Barnyak, and A. A. Fedtchouk. "Experimental Investigation of Subsurface Structure and Surface Symmetry of Disordered Semiconductors." In Physics and Applications of Non-Crystalline Semiconductors in Optoelectronics, 403–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5496-3_30.

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Mintz, Moshe H., Isaac Jacob, and David Shaltiel. "Experimental techniques II: Adaptation of new techniques to study surface and bulk properties of H-metal systems." In Topics in Applied Physics, 285–317. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54668-5_14.

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Bochterle, Jorg, F. Neubrech, D. Enders, T. Nagao, and A. Pucci. "Experimental Indication of Quantum Mechanical Effects in Surface Enhanced IR-Spectroscopy?" In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 399–400. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5313-6_31.

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Han, Junling, Guannan Ren, Limei Peng, Hongyu Tian, and Pengbo Ji. "Analysis and Qualification Control of Welding Defects of Coated 15-15Ti Cladding Tube." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 861–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_73.

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AbstractPhysical property test fuel rod is used for the engineering test and thermal comprehensive experimental verification of lead-cooled reactors. Preliminary electron beam welding (EBW) trials showed that the welding quality of coated 15-15Ti tube and 316L end plug were significantly affected by welding defects. By studying the welding defects with optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is showed that the inclusions in the coating of the cladding tube enter the welding line during EBW, increasing the tendency to form cracks and leading to welding cracks; the excessively long mating surface between the cladding tube and end plug results in welding gas expansion. Through the design of orthogonal tests with influential parameters including the length of the mating surface of the end plug, the removal amount of the inner wall of the cladding tube and the interference amount on the quality characteristics, the comprehensive effects of these parameters were studied and the best matching structure was determined, which breaks through the difficulty in the welding between 316L end plug and coated 15-15Ti tube, and the welding qualification has been verified to be improved.
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Conference papers on the topic "Experimental Surface Physics"

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Aji, Aminah Qayyimah Mohd, Dzeti Farhah Mohshim, Belladonna Maulianda, and Khaled Abdalla Elraeis. "Experimental study on the methane adsorption behaviour in shale gas reservoir." In THE PHYSICS OF SURFACES: Aspects of the Kinetics and Dynamics of Surface Reaction. AIP, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114365.

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Kashkovsky, A. V., P. V. Vashchenkov, T. Bányai, and M. S. Ivanov. "Modeling Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle control thruster plume-surface interaction." In Progress in Flight Physics, edited by P. Reijasse, D. Knight, M. Ivanov, and I. Lipatov. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201305545.

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Afanasiev, Alexey L., Andrey P. Rostov, and Nadezhda A. Shefer. "Experimental measurements of surface turbulent flows." In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2074913.

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Jenarthanan, M. P., M. Karthikeyan, and Kalapati Pavan Kumar. "Experimental investigation of surface roughness and delamination using artificial intelligence." In IWOSP 2021, INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL PHYSICS. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0154529.

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Brazhnikov, M. Yu, G. V. Kolmakov, A. A. Levchenko, and L. P. Mezhov-Deglin. "Experimental Studies of Decay and Formation of Capillary Turbulence on the Surface of Liquid Hydrogen." In LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS: 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics - LT24. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2354671.

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Roncone, Ronald L., James J. Burke, Lori Weisenbach, and Brian J. Zelinski. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of surface- and bulk-induced attenuation in solution-deposited waveguides." In Submolecular Glass Chemistry and Physics, edited by Phillip Bray and Norbert J. Kreidl. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.50197.

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Elkins, Bryan, Majid Keyhani, and Jay Frankel. "Surface Heat Flux Prediction Through Physics-Based Calibration: Part 2-Experimental Validation." In 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-223.

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Vandana, Tanuj Kumar, Jyoti, Amit Tomar, Indra Sulania, D. Kanjilal, and Shyam Kumar. "Self-organized nanopatterning of Si (100) surface using ion beam irradiation." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS (RAETP-2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5051304.

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Kumar, Pradeep, Kavita Kumari, Mayuri Sharma, P. A. Alvi, and Shalendra Kumar. "Structural, magnetic and surface morphological study of Ni doped SnO2 thin films." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS (RAETP-2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5051295.

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Gerasimova, Liliya O., R. Sh Tsvyk1,, V. M. Sazanovich, V. V. Reyno, A. N. Shesternin1, M.V., and M. V. Agafontsev. "Experimental studies of a level of turbulence over a heated surface." In 28th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2644910.

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Reports on the topic "Experimental Surface Physics"

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Chapman and Toema. PR-266-09211-R01 Physics-Based Characterization of Lambda Sensor from Natural Gas Fueled Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010022.

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The increasingly strict air emission regulations may require implementing Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR) systems as a promising emission control technology for stationary rich burn spark ignition engines. Many recent experimental investigations that used NSCR systems for stationary natural gas fueled engines showed that NSCR systems were unable to consistently control the exhaust emissions level below the compliance limits. Modeling of NSCR components to better understand, and then exploit, the underlying physical processes that occur in the lambda sensor and the catalyst media is now considered an essential step toward improving NSCR system performance. This report focuses on modeling the lambda sensor that provides feedback to the air-to-fuel ratio controller. Correct interpretation of the sensor output signal is necessary to achieve consistently low emissions level. The goal of this modeling study is to improve the understanding of the physical processes that occur within the sensor, investigate the cross-sensitivity of various exhaust gas species on the sensor performance, and finally this model serves as a tool to improve NSCR control strategies. This model simulates the output from a planar switch type lambda sensor. The model consists of three modules. The first module models the multi-component mass transport through the sensor protective layer. The second module includes all the surface catalytic reactions that take place on the sensor platinum electrodes. The third module is responsible for simulating the reactions that occur on the electrolyte material and determine the sensor output voltage.
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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.

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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Tan, Peng, and Nicholas Sitar. Parallel Level-Set DEM (LS-DEM) Development and Application to the Study of Deformation and Flow of Granular Media. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/kmiz5819.

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We present a systematic investigation of computational approaches to the modeling of granular materials. Granular materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and in a variety of engineering and industrial applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the laws governing particle-scale interactions, predicting the continuum mechanical response of granular materials still poses extraordinary challenges. This is largely due to the complex history dependence resulting from continuous rearrangement of the microstructure of granular material, as well as the mechanical interlocking due to grain morphology and surface roughness. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is used to characterize the grain morphology and the fabric of the granular media, naturally deposited sand in this study. The Level-Set based Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) is then used to bridge the granular behavior gap between the micro and macro scale. The LS-DEM establishes a one-to-one correspondence between granular objects and numerical avatars and captures the details of grain morphology and surface roughness. However, the high-fidelity representation significantly increases the demands on computational resources. To this end a parallel version of LS-DEM is introduced to significantly decrease the computational demands. The code employs a binning algorithm, which reduces the search complexity of contact detection from O(n2) to O(n), and a domain decomposition strategy is used to elicit parallel computing in a memory- and communication-efficient manner. The parallel implementation shows good scalability and efficiency. High fidelity LS avatars obtained from XRCT images of naturally deposited sand are then used to replicate the results of triaxial tests using the new, parallel LS-DEM code. The result show that both micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of natural material is well captured and is consistent with experimental data, confirming experimental observation that the primary source of peak strength of sand is the mechanical interlocking between irregularly shaped grains. Specifically, triaxial test simulations with a flexible membrane produce a very good match to experimentally observed relationships between deviatoric stress and mobilized friction angle for naturally deposited sand. We then explore the viability of modeling dynamic problems with a new formulation of an impulse based LS-DEM. The new formulation is stable, fast, and energy conservative. However, it can be numerically stiff when the assembly has substantial mass differences between particles. We also demonstrate the feasibility of modeling deformable structures in the rigid body framework and propose several enhancements to improve the convergence of collision resolution, including a hybrid time integration scheme to separately handle at rest contacts and dynamic collisions. Finally, we extend the impulse-based LS-DEM to include arbitrarily shaped topographic surfaces and exploit its algorithmic advantages to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling realistic behavior of granular flows. The novel formulation significantly improves performance of dynamic simulations by allowing larger time steps, which is advantageous for observing the full development of physical phenomena such as rock avalanches, which we present as an illustrative example.
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Poppeliers, Christian, and Leiph Preston. Inverting infrasound data for the seismoacoustic source time functions and surface spall at the Source Physics Experiments Phase II: Dry Alluvium Geology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1660803.

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Pope, Paul, Emily Schultz-Fellenz, Brandon Crawford, Damien Milazzo, and Dane Coats. Source Physics Experiment 3 (SPE3) - RV/DC Task 1.3 FY22 Final Report Legacy surface change analyses of the 1993 Rock Valley earthquake sequence for direct comparison to planned NA-22 underground conventional high-explosive experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1841899.

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Vecherin, Sergey, Stephen Ketcham, Aaron Meyer, Kyle Dunn, Jacob Desmond, and Michael Parker. Short-range near-surface seismic ensemble predictions and uncertainty quantification for layered medium. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45300.

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To make a prediction for seismic signal propagation, one needs to specify physical properties and subsurface ground structure of the site. This information is frequently unknown or estimated with significant uncertainty. This paper describes a methodology for probabilistic seismic ensemble prediction for vertically stratified soils and short ranges with no in situ site characterization. Instead of specifying viscoelastic site properties, the methodology operates with probability distribution functions of these properties taking into account analytical and empirical relationships among viscoelastic variables. This yields ensemble realizations of signal arrivals at specified locations where statistical properties of the signals can be estimated. Such ensemble predictions can be useful for preliminary site characterization, for military applications, and risk analysis for remote or inaccessible locations for which no data can be acquired. Comparison with experiments revealed that measured signals are not always within the predicted ranges of variability. Variance-based global sensitivity analysis has shown that the most significant parameters for signal amplitude predictions in the developed stochastic model are the uncertainty in the shear quality factor and the Poisson ratio above the water table depth.
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Li, Honghai, Lihwa Lin, Cody Johnson, Yan Ding, Mitchell Brown, Tanya Beck, Alejandro Sánchez, and Weiming Wu. A revisit and update on the verification and validation of the Coastal Modeling System (CMS) : report 1--hydrodynamics and waves. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45444.

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This is the first part of a two-part report that revisits and updates the verification and validation (V&V) of the Coastal Modeling System (CMS). The V&V study in this part of the report focuses on hydrodynamic and wave modeling. With the updated CMS code (Version 5) and its latest graphical user interface, the Surface-water Modeling System (Version 13), the goal of this study is to revisit some early CMS V&V cases and assess some new cases on model performance in coastal applications. The V&V process includes the comparison and evaluation of the CMS output against analytical solutions, laboratory experiments in prototype cases, and field cases in and around coastal inlets and navigation projects. The V&V results prove that the basic physics incorporated are represented well, the computational algorithms implemented are accurate, and the coastal processes are reproduced well. This report provides the detailed descriptions of those test simulations, which include the model configuration, the selection of model parameters, the determination of model forcing, and the quantitative assessment of the model and data comparisons. It is to be hoped that, through the V&V process, the CMS users will better understand the model’s capability and limitation as a tool to solve real-world problems.
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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.

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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic test design was to expose the six different types of cords, on the floor of a compartment to a growing fire to determine the conditions under which the cord would trip the circuit breaker and/or undergo an arc fault. All of the cords would be energized and installed on a non-combustible surface. Six cord types (18-2 SPT1, 16-3 SJTW, 12-2 NM-B, 12-3 NM-B, 18-3 SVT, 18-2 NISPT-2) and three types of circuit protection (Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), combination Arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)) were exposed to six room-scale fires. The circuit protection was remote from the thermal exposure. The six room fires consisted of three replicate fires with two sofas as the main fuel source, two replicate fires with one sofa as the main fuel source and one fire with two sofas and MDF paneling on three walls in the room. Each fuel package was sufficient to support flashover conditions in the room and as a result, the impact on the cords and circuit protection was not significantly different. The average peak heat release rate of the sofa fueled compartment fires with gypsum board ceiling and walls was 6.8 MW. The addition of vinyl covered MDF wall paneling on three of the compartment walls increased the peak heat release rate to 12 MW, although most of the increased energy release occurred outside of the compartment opening. In each experiment during post flashover exposure, the insulation on the cords ignited and burned through, exposing bare conductor. During this period the circuits faulted. The circuit protection devices are not designed to provide thermal protection, and, thus, were installed remote from the fire. The devices operated as designed in all experiments. All of the circuit faults resulted in either a magnetic trip of the conventional circuit breaker or a ground-fault trip in the GFCI or AFCI capable circuit protection devices. Though not required by UL 1699, Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters as the solution for detection methodology, the AFCIs used had differential current detection. Examination of signal data showed that the only cord types that tripped with a fault to ground were the insulated conductors in non-metallic sheathed cables (12-2 NM-B and 12-3 NM-B). This was expected due to the bare grounding conductor present. Assessments of both the thermal exposure and physical damage to the cords did not reveal any correlation between the thermal exposure, cord damage, and trip type.
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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko, and Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
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