Journal articles: 'Experimental roughness'

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Cotta, M. A., R. A. Hamm, S. N. G. Chu, R. Hull, L. R. Harriott, and H. Temkin. "Kinetic roughness in epitaxy (experimental)." Materials Science and Engineering: B 30, no. 2-3 (March 1995): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(94)09008-4.

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HERWIG, H., D. GLOSS, and T. WENTERODT. "A new approach to understanding and modelling the influence of wall roughness on friction factors for pipe and channel flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 613 (October 1, 2008): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008003534.

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In this study, it is shown how the equivalent sand roughness required in the Moody chart can be calculated for arbitrarily shaped wall roughnesses. After a discussion of how to define the wall location and roughness height in the most reasonable way, a numerical approach based on the determination of entropy production in rough pipes and channels is presented. As test cases, three different two-dimensional roughness types have been chosen which are representative of regular roughnesses on machined surfaces. In the turbulent range, skin friction results with these test roughnesses can be linked to Nikuradse's sand roughness results by a constant factor. For laminar flows, a significant effect of wall roughness is identified which in most other studies is neglected completely. The dissipation model of this study is validated with experimental data for laminar and turbulent flows.

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LIU, CHAOFENG, YUSHAN NI, and YONG RAO. "ROUGHNESS EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES ON MICRO GAS FLOWS BY LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 20, no. 06 (June 2009): 953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183109014114.

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The roughness effects of the gas flows of nitrogen and helium in microchannels with various relative roughnesses and different geometries are studied and analyzed by a lattice Boltzmann model. The shape of surface roughness is simulated to be square, sinusoidal, triangular, and fractal. Numerical computations compared with theoretical and experimental studies show that the roughness geometry is an important factor besides the relative roughness in the study of the effects of surface roughness. The fractal boundary presents a higher influence on the velocity field and the resistance coefficient than other regular boundaries at the same Knudsen number and relative roughness. In addition, the effects of rarefaction, compressibility, and roughness are strongly coupled, and the roughness effect should not be ignored in studying rarefaction and compressibility of the microchannel as the relative roughness increases.

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ZHANG, XINPING, SIRONG YU, ZHENMING HE, and YAOXIN MIAO. "WETTING OF ROUGH SURFACES." Surface Review and Letters 11, no. 01 (February 2004): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x04005925.

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This paper focuses on effects of roughness on wettability. According to Wenzel's equation, the transition of theoretical wetting contact angles is 90°, whereas many experimental results have indicated that such a transition takes place at contact angles smaller than 90°. A new model of wetting on roughness surface is established in this paper. The model indicates that the influencing factors of wetting on roughness surface include not only equilibrium contact angle θ0 and surface roughness, but also the system of liquids and solid substrates. There is a corresponding transition angle for every surface roughness, and the transition angle is lower than 90°. Surface roughness is propitious to improve the contact angle only when θ0 is lower than the transition angle. The effect of surface roughness on the contact angle increases with the increase of rE. To engineer the surface with different roughnesses, a Ti test sample is polished with sandpaper with abrasive number 350, 500, 1000 and 2000; the contact angles of water on Ti are measured by the sessile drop method. The results of the theoretical analysis agree with experimental ones.

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Mitsuya, Y., T. Ohkubo, and H. Ota. "Averaged Reynolds Equation Extended to Gas Lubrication Possessing Surface Roughness in the Slip Flow Regime: Approximate Method and Confirmation Experiments." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261957.

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The average film thickness theory is extended to gas lubrication possessing surface roughness in the slip flow regime. A simplified averaged Reynolds equation is derived and its applicability is confirmed through comparing with experiments. This averaging equation makes use of the mixed average film thickness defined as Havem = αHm + (1 − α)Hmˆ, where m = 1, 2 and 3; α indicates the mixing ratio; and H¯ and Hˆ denote the arithmetically and harmonically averaged film thicknesses. The experiments were performed using computer flying heads having precisely photolithography-fabricated longitudinal, transverse or checkered pattern roughnesses under submicron spacing conditions. From the excellent agreement obtained between the calculated and experimental results, it can be concluded that the assumption that velocity slippage occurs along the surface even if roughnes is present is justified, and that the approximate method is applicable for determining the surface roughness effects in the slip flow regime.

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Mosleh, Mohsen, Keron Bradshaw, Sonya Smith, John Belk, and Khosro Shirvani. "Roughness Effect in Micropitting and Rolling Contact Fatigue of Silicon Nitride." Ceramics 2, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2010013.

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An experimental analysis of the role of surface roughness parameters on micropitting and the succeeding rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of silicon nitride against AISI 52100 steel under lubricated conditions was performed. In accelerated fatigue tests using a four-ball tester, the arithmetic mean, root mean square, and peak-to-valley roughnesses of silicon nitride surfaces varied, while the roughness of the steel surface was unchanged. The correlation between the fatigue life and roughness parameters for silicon nitride was obtained. The peak-to-valley roughness was the roughness parameter that dominantly affected the RCF life of silicon nitride. The micropitting of surfaces leading to fatigue intensified as the roughness was increased. Extensive micropitting was observed on the rolling track beyond the trailing edge of the spall region in the circumferential direction.

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Vaceanu, Bogdan Constantin, Gheorghe Nagit, and Vasile Huian. "Experimental Researches upon Changes of a Pipe's Roughness after Hydroformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.111.

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Surface roughness was studied in the tube hydroforming process, considering the quality of the material and the coefficient of friction between the work piece and die. Other researchers have studied the surface roughness to the front of an aluminum pipe [. The aim of this work was to analyze changes in a copper pipe roughness occurred after hydroforming process with fluid. Effects of changing roughness were studied, following the deformation of the material in the work area and roughness changes occurring in the material flow. After achieving hydroforming process, the surface roughness was measured by electron microscopy SEM in different areas of the hydro formed tube. After hydroforming process, an increase of surface roughness in connection areas of the mold to the curvature and the transverse direction of the pipe.

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Teixidor, Daniel, Guillem Quintana, and Joaquim de Ciurana. "Experimental Introduction to Surface Roughness Parameters Measurement." Materials Science Forum 759 (July 2013): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.759.63.

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Surface roughness influences the performance of a finished part. In machining operations, the surface roughness generated is influenced by an enormous set of factors. In ball end milling operations, the geometric characteristics of the cut clearly affect the surface crests generated. This paper presents an experimental methodology that permits engineering students to identify and analyze the surface roughness. The methodology is applicable to training courses and surface texture generation as well.

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Nguyen, Duc Nam, Ngoc Le Chau, Thanh-Phong Dao, Chander Prakash, and Sunpreet Singh. "Experimental study on polishing process of cylindrical roller bearings." Measurement and Control 52, no. 9-10 (August 20, 2019): 1272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019864395.

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The surface quality and accuracy of the geometry of the cylindrical rollers are important factors for bearing life. This paper presents effects of machining parameters on the surface roughness, topography and roundness of cylindrical rollers through the lapping and polishing experiments. And then the surface roughness of the cylindrical rollers is optimized. The results found that the surface roughness of rollers is significantly changed in lapping process with different abrasive particle sizes, while the surface roughness has slightly reduced in polishing process. It also indicated that the smoother surfaces with better roughness can be obtained after lapping and polishing process. In addition, the surface roughness of cylindrical rollers is rapidly reduced from Ra of 0.5 µm to Ra of 0.063 µm after the 3-h lapping process and Ra of 0.013 µm after the 1-h polishing process. The surface topography of rollers can be achieved by the smoother surface when loads are from 25 to 35 N in lapping process, and the loads are from 35 to 40 N in polishing process. Finally, the Taguchi method is applied to optimize the surface roughness in polishing process. The result found that the optimal surface roughness achieves 0.015 µm with respect to the time of 35 min and type of 4000# Al2O3.

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Pöller, Franziska, Félix Salazar Bloise, Martin Jakobi, Shengjia Wang, Jie Dong, and Alexander W. Koch. "Non-Contact Roughness Measurement in Sub-Micron Range by Considering Depolarization Effects." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102215.

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The characteristics of a surface, particularly the roughness, play an important role in different fields of the industry and have to be considered to ensure quality standards. Currently, there are numerous sophisticated methods for measuring surface roughness but plenty of them cause long-term damage because they are in contact with the sample. This article presents a non-contact method to accurately determine small surface roughnesses resulting from the consideration of the depolarization effects caused by the rough surface. This technique can be applied as an extension in various roughness measurements and improves the approach of Chandley’s technique, which does not take into account the depolarization of the light scattered by the sample. The experimental setup and the measurements are easy to perform. The essential component is a quarter wave plate, which is incorporated into a Michelson interferometer. With the resulting two different contrasts and the recorded intensities of the sample and the reference mirror, the surface roughness can be estimated straightforwardly. This article details the theoretical approach, followed by the experimental results and the corresponding uncertainties. The experimental results are compared with Chandley’s method. In order to have reference roughness values of the samples, measurements with a stylus profilometer and with a confocal microscope are performed and compared.

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Wang, Yu, Yuan Sheng Zhai, Fu Gang Yan, and Xian Li Liu. "Experimental Study on Spray Cutting Ni-Based Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.317.

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In this paper, the effect of cutting parameters on cutting force, cutting temperature and surface roughness on cutting force, cutting temperature and surface roughness are experimentally studied in spray cutting GH4169 Ni-base superalloy used carbide cutting tools. The results showed that reasonable choice of cutting parameters can effective reduction of cutting force and cutting temperature, and improve the machining surface roughness. Thus realizing clean production mode.

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Wang, Tong, Feng Qiu, C. Q. Wang, G. Z. Zhang, and Xiao Cun Xu. "Experimental Study on Dry WEDM Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.190.

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Comparing with conventional WEDM in emulsion, dry finishing of high-speed WEDM (HS-WEDM) has advantages such as higher material removal rate, better surface roughness and straightness. Authors have presented a new procedure as gas-liquid combined multiple cut, in which roughing is processed in dielectric liquid, and semi-finishing is in liquid or gas, while finishing is in gas. For better understanding the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness and cutting speed in dry finishing, a L25(56) Design was implemented. The analysis of variance shows that the effect of pulse duration on surface roughness is of high significance, and peak current is of significance respectively, and the effect of no load worktable feed on cutting speed is high significant.

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Kolesnikov, Yury, and Ruslan Beysembaev. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE REFLECTION OF ELASTIC WAVES FROM ROUGH BOUNDARIES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 2 (2019): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-2-203-208.

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The results of physical modeling show that the influence of boundary roughness on its reflectivity depends on the ratio of roughness characteristic dimension and wavelength. The boundary roughness leads to a decrease in the effective reflection coefficients at subcritical and to their increase at supercritical angles of incidence. A change in the azimuth of the plane of incidence with respect to the roughness direction appreciably affects the reflection coefficients only at supercritical angles.

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Irzooki, Raad Hoobi, and Ayad Saoud Najem. "Experimental Investigation for Free Overfall of Flow in Semi-circular Channels." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1120, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1120/1/012010.

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Abstract In the present paper, the effects of diameter, bed slopes, and bed roughness on free overfall flow of semi-circular channels were investigated experimentally. For this purpose, three models of semi-circular channels with free overfall were built and installed in a 6m long laboratory flume. These three models were 250 cm long and had varying diameters 160, 200, and 250 mm. Four different bed slopes (S) were used in each of these models (0, 0.004, 0.008, and 0.012). For each bed slope, three sand particle sizes were used to roughen the bed (1.18mm, 2.36mm, and 4.75mm). For each model, the experimental testing program contained sixteen series of experiments. They were divided into two categories: four smooth beds and twelve rough beds. Different rates of discharge (Q) were examined in a total of 192 tests. According to the experimental results of all models, the Froude number (F r ) of flow decreases as the end depth ratio ( y b / y c ) increases for various bed roughnesses. For varying bed slopes and bottom roughness, a simple linear formula was developed to relate the brink depth ( y b ) with the critical depth ( y c ). For various bed slopes and roughness conditions, simple empirical equations for the flow over the free overfall in semi-circular channels were found. The results demonstrate a good level of agreement.

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Fredsøe, J., B. M. Sumer, T. S. Laursen, and C. Pedersen. "Experimental investigation of wave boundary layers with a sudden change in roughness." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 252 (July 1993): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093003696.

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This study deals with turbulent oscillatory boundary-layer flows over a plane bed with a sudden spatial change in roughness. Two kinds of ‘change in the roughness’ were investigated: in one, the roughness changed from a smooth-wall roughness to a roughness equal to 4.8 mm, and in the other, it changed from a roughness equal to 0.35 mm to the same roughness as in the previous experiment (4.8 mm). The free-stream flow was a purely oscillating flow with sinusoidal velocity variation. Mean flow and turbulence properties were measured. The Reynolds number was 6 × 106 for the major part of the experiments, with a maximum velocity of approximately 2 m/s and the stroke of the motion about 6 m. The response of the boundary layer to the sudden change in roughness was found to occur over a transitional length of the flow. The bed shear stress over this transitional length attains a peak value over the bed section with the larger roughness. It was found that the amplification in the bed shear stress due to this peak could be up to 2.5 times its asymptotic value. Also, it was found that the turbulence is quantitatively different in the two half periods; a much stronger turbulence is experienced in the half period where the flow is towards the less-rough section. The present experiments further showed that a constant streaming occurs near the bed in the neighbourhood of the junction between the two bed sections. This streaming is directed towards the section with the larger roughness.

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Wiciak-Pikuła, Martyna, Paweł Twardowski, Aneta Bartkowska, and Agata Felusiak-Czyryca. "Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness in Milling of DuralcanTM Composite." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206010.

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In today’s developing aircraft and automotive industry, extremely durable and wear-resistant materials, especially in high temperatures, are applied. Due to this practical approach, conventional materials have been superseded by composite materials. In recent years, the application of metal matrix composites has become evident in industry 4.0. A study has been performed to analyze the surface roughness of aluminum matrix composites named Duralcan® during end milling. Two roughness surface parameters have been selected: arithmetical mean roughness value Ra and mean roughness depth Rz regarding the variable cutting speed. Due to the classification of aluminum matrix composites as hard-to-cut materials concerning excessive tool wear, this paper describes the possibility of surface roughness prediction using machine learning algorithms. In order to find the best algorithm, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and pattern recognition models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) have been compared. By following the obtained models, the experiment shows the effectiveness of roughness prediction based on verification models. Based on experimental research, the authors obtained the coefficient R2 for the CART model 0.91 and the mean square error for the model ANN 0.11.

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A. S., Rajesh, M. S. Prabhuswamy, and Ishwarya Komalnu Raghavan. "Modelling and Analysis of Surface Roughness Using the Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN) in Turning of Inconel 625." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7520962.

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In this paper, the influence of process components on surface roughness in turning of Inconel 625 using cubic boron nitride (CBN) is studied. A predictive model is developed to forecast the surface roughness using the cascade forward neural network (CFNN). The experiments are designed based on Taguchi. L27 orthogonal array (OA) is used to perform the experimental trails by considering speed, feed, and depth of cut as input factors. Out of 27 experimental trails, 18 experiments are used for training and 9 experimental trails are used for testing. The developed predictive model by the CFNN is compared with regression model values. The average prediction error for surface roughness is 2.94% with R2 = 99.99% by the CFNN. The CFNN is known to be superior to predict the response with minimum of percentage error. The minimum and maximum roughness observed at trail 8 and trail 20 is noted, respectively, and the increases in roughness at experimental trail 8 is equal to 3.384 times higher than the roughness observed at experimental trail.20. The feed rate dominates effectively on the roughness rather than other factors. The consequences of process factors on surface roughness are studied with the help of ANOVA. This experimental study and developed model would be used for aero parts manufacturing to forecast the roughness accurately before to the actual experiment so that actual machining and material cost could be avoided.

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Yan, Cao Qing, Jun Zhao, Yue En Li, and Shi Guo Han. "Experimental Research on Surface Roughness in High Speed Milling of Complex Surface Mold Steel." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.123.

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Complex surface mold has been widely used in various industries, and high efficiency and high quality can been achieved through high-speed CNC milling processing. Surface roughness including transverse and longitudinal roughness is an important criterion for mold quality. A high-speed milling experiment was performed in mold steel P20 using cemented carbide ball-end mill to investigate the surface roughness. The effects of process parameters on roughness including spindle speed, feed per tooth and radial cutting depth were examined, and an analysis on the mechanism for two kinds of roughness of different tool paths was finished. The experimental results show that the longitudinal roughness improve obviously while the spindle speed and the feed per tooth increase on the high-speed conditions, and the transverse roughness increase significantly when the radial cutting depth increases. And for a smaller roughness value, the tool path should be selected along the direction in which the curvature changes evidently.

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Zheng, Jian Xin, Jian Jun Jiang, and Chuan Shao Liu. "Experimental Study on Optimizing Process Parameters in Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Rolled Extrusion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.435.

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Two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration was introduced into common rolled extrusion, effect of the process parameters including tool head radius, feed speed, preload and spindle speed on the 45 steel shaft surface roughness were analyzed through orthogonal experiments. Experimental results show that lower value of surface roughness may be obtained in the process of two-dimensional ultrasonic rolled extrusion than that of common rolled extrusion, and the influence order of process parameters on surface roughness is feed speed, spindle speed, preload and tool head radius; the influence curves of tool head radius and spindle speed on surface roughness are concave curves, and influence curves of feed speed and preload on surface roughness are convex curves, or optimizing process parameters exist. The empirical formula for surface roughness is given using multiple regression analysis based on the experimental results. This study will provide a new technique for finishing precision parts.

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Yang, Can, Xiao Hong Yin, Jose M. Castro, and Allen Y. Yi. "Experimental Investigation of the Mold Surface Roughness Effect in Microinjection Molding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 1258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.1258.

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Microinjection molding has been drawing more and more attention due to its great advantages such as cost effectiveness and mass production capability. In this work, an experimental study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of the mold surface roughness on the achieved filled length of the molded microfeatures. For this purpose, an aluminum mold insert with microchannels having different surface roughness values was designed and fabricated using ultraprecision diamond machining and micromilling method. The experimental results revealed that increasing surface roughness of the microchannel wall led to a decrease in the filled length of the molded microfeatures. It was also found that with increased melt temperature or injection velocity, the effect of surface roughness was weakened by high-pressure trapped air inside the microchannels during injection process. Finally, the influence mechanism of the mold surface roughness was discussed.

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Zhang, Ke, Jian Sun, He Wang, and Yu Hou Wu. "Experimental Research on High Speed Grinding of Silicon Nitride Ceramic Spindle." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.253.

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Grinding is a main method of silicon nitride ceramic in finish machining stage. The technical parameters had an important influence on the surface quality of silicon nitride ceramic. The silicon nitride ceramic spindle was ground by the high-speed cylindrical grinder MGKS1432-H. The relations between different speed parameters and surface roughness were researched. The cylindrical and internal high speed grinding experiments of silicon nitride ceramics spindle were carried out. The S-4800 scanning electron microscope was used to explore the roughness change rule of the grinded surface under the condition of only changed grinding wheel’s velocity. In the process of cylindrical and internal grinding on silicon nitride ceramic spindle, the roughness tended to decrease with the linear velocity increasing, and increased with the radial feed speed increasing and decreased with the wheel shaft’s oscillation speed increasing. The result indicated that the linear velocity of grinding wheel influenced the sample’s roughness most. The effect of radial feed speed on the roughness is next only to the effect from linear velocity. The effect of shaft’s oscillation speed on the roughness is the lowest of the three factors. In the process of internal grinding, with the linear velocity increasing, the ceramic material transformed from brittle rupture to plastic deformation and the roughness appeared one peak. These results were very helpful to optimize the grinding parameters and improve grinding efficiency.

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Wu, Ji Hua. "Experimental Evaluation of Surface Roughness in Orthogonal Micro-Milling Processes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1912.

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Surface roughness plays a critical role in evaluating and measuring the surface quality of a machined product. Two workpiece materials have been investigated by experimental approach in order to gain a better understanding of their influence on the obtained surface roughness in the micro-milling processes. The experimental results show that: surface topography is completely different for different materials at the same cutting speed and feed rate; surface roughness increases with an increase of material grain size. Surface roughness decreases to a lowest value, and then increases with an increase of the feed rate. A new surface model to illustrate the influence of material and uncut chip thickness was developed. The model has been experimentally validated and shows more promising results than Weule’s model.

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M. S., Ranganath, Vipin ., Kuldeep ., and Rayyan . "Experimental Study of Surface Roughness in CNC Turning Using Taguchi and ANOVA." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 3 (2015): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.331514.

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The work and study aims to optimize the Surface Roughness of material Mild Steel by varying the Cutting speed, Depth of cut and Feed Rate during turning operation carried out in CNC machine. The effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness was studied and analyzed by using Taguchi method and then followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA is used to optimize the results of experiments i.e., to find the minimum Surface Roughness. L27 orthogonal array design has been used for conducting the experiments in Taguchi design. The cutting tool used in this work is Carbide (CNMG-120408-TTR). The Talysurf instrument is used to measure Surface Roughness parameters (Ra, Rq, Rzdin, Rt, Ry and Sm). Ra parameter is used to determine Surface Roughness.

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Zhao, Chun Feng, Bao Lai Yu, and Cheng Zhao. "Experimental Analysis on Shear Behavior of Sand-Concrete Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.893.

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In order to study the shear behavior of sand-concrete structure interface, shear stress and relative displacement curves were obtained through a series of direct shear tests, in the procedure of which the roughness of interfaces was quantified into 3 grades and the stress history can be achieved by loading the sand to an initial normal stress and then unloading to a normal stress to shear. Through analyzing the curves, several conclusions can be obtained as follows: Shear stress increases with the initial normal stress and roughness at the same tangential displacement. The initial shear modulus can be improved in case of the increase of initial normal stress and roughness. The friction coefficient can be obtained by fitting the curve of the maximum shear stress and normal stress corresponded to Mohr-Coulomb Criterion linearly. The friction coefficient of sand-concrete interface increases with roughness as well as its increase range.

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GAMRAT, G., M. FAVRE-MARINET, S. LE PERSON, R. BAVIÈRE, and F. AYELA. "An experimental study and modelling of roughness effects on laminar flow in microchannels." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 594 (December 14, 2007): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007009111.

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Three different approaches were used in the present study to predict the influence of roughness on laminar flow in microchannels. Experimental investigations were conducted with rough microchannels 100 to 300μm in height (H). The pressure drop was measured in test-sections prepared with well-controlled wall roughness (periodically distributed blocks, relative roughness k* =k/0.5H≈0.15) and in test-sections with randomly distributed particles anchored on the channel walls (k* ≈0.04–0.13). Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted with the same geometry as in the test-section with periodical roughness (wavelength L). A one-dimensional model (RLM model) was also developed on the basis of a discrete-element approach and the volume-averaging technique. The numerical simulations, the rough layer model and the experiments agree to show that the Poiseuille number Po increases with the relative roughness and is independent of Re in the laminar regime (Re<2000). The increase in Po observed during the experiments is predicted well both by the three-dimensional simulations and the rough layer model. The RLM model shows that the roughness effect may be interpreted by using an effective roughness height keff. keff/k depends on two dimensionless local parameters: the porosity at the bottom wall; and the roughness height normalized with the distance between the rough elements. The RLM model shows that keff/k is independent of the relative roughness k* at given k/L and may be simply approximated by the law: keff/k = 1 − (c(ϵ)/2π)(L/k) for keff/k>0.2, where c decreases with the porosity ϵ.

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Mu, Cun Yuan, Ming Lv, and Zhen Ge. "Experimental Investigation of Influencing Factors of Surface Roughness Engraved by CNC Engraving Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 159 (March 2012): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.159.122.

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Takes aluminum alloy ZL301 as an example, gets different surface roughness and cutting time under different cutter rotate speed and different overlapping rate with CNC engraving technique and analyses the reasons. The result is that the more of overlapping rate, the more cutting time, and the less of the surface roughness. While the overlapping rate≥50%, the roughness Ra≤6.3μm, while the overlapping rate≥70%, the cutting time increasing obviously. Consider the efficiency and the surface roughness, the best overlapping rate is from 50%～70%. The more of cutter rotate speed, the less of the surface roughness. While the overlapping rate≤70%, the cutter rotate speed almost no influence to the cutting time.

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Wang, Rensheng, Cong Sun, Shichao Xiu, Bo Li, and Xiaohua Zhang. "Experimental study on reciprocating magnetorheological polishing." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 74, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-09-2021-0351.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the effects of the different processing parameters in the reciprocating magnetorheological polishing (RMRP) on the surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) of the workpiece surface. Design/methodology/approach The principle of RMRP method is discussed, and a series of the single factor experiments are performed to evaluate the effects of the workpiece’s rotational speed, the reciprocating frequency, the magnetic field strength, the working gap and the processing time on machining results using the RMRP device. Findings The RMRP method is effective and practical for K9 glass polishing, and the optimized processing parameters are obtained by the single factor experiments of RMRP. The surface roughness of the workpiece is reduced from 332 nm to 28 nm under optimized processing parameters. Originality/value In the present study, the RMRP method is proposed, and a system of experiments is carried out using the RMRP device. The RMRP device can improve the surface roughness and MRR of the K9 glass significantly. Furthermore, the test results provide references for reasonable selection of the processing parameters in magnetorheological polishing process.

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Måløy, Knut Jørgen, Alex Hansen, Einar L. Hinrichsen, and Stéphane Roux. "Experimental measurements of the roughness of brittle cracks." Physical Review Letters 68, no. 2 (January 13, 1992): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.68.213.

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Barkey, Dale P., Rolf H. Muller, and Charles W. Tobias. "Roughness Development in Metal Electrodeposition: I . Experimental Results." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 136, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 2199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2097258.

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Bottema, M. "Landscape Roughness Parameters for Sherwood Forest – Experimental Results." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 89, no. 2 (November 1998): 285–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1001743525309.

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CORDIER, J. F., and P. FODIMAN. "EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEEL AND RAIL SURFACE ROUGHNESS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 231, no. 3 (March 2000): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2553.

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32

Plouraboué, Franck, and Stéphane Roux. "Experimental study of the roughness of crumpled surfaces." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 227, no. 3-4 (June 1996): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00380-0.

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33

Satyanarayana, Kosaraju, Anne Venu Gopal, and Popuri Bangaru Babu. "Experimental Investigations and Modeling of Machining Titanium Alloy – Ti-6Al-4V." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.562.

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The problem of machining titanium is one of ever-increasing magnitude due to its low thermal conductivity and work hardening characteristic of the titanium alloy. The efficient machining of titanium alloy with coated carbides involves a proper selection of process parameters to minimizing the surface roughness and cutting force. In the present work, experimental studies have been carried out to obtain the optimum conditions for machining titanium alloy. The effect of machining parameters such speed, feed and depth of cut on the cutting force, surface roughness were investigated. The significance of these parameters, on cutting force and surface roughness has been established using the analysis of variance. Mathematical models have also been developed for estimating the cutting force and surface roughness on the basis of experimental results.

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34

Cui, Bo Di. "Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness in High Speed Turning of Hardened AISI P20 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1228.

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Surface roughness is one of the most important product quality characteristics. In this paper, experimental investigation of surface roughness was performed in high speed turning of hardened AISI P20 steel with CBN tool based on design of experiment. The influence of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius on surface roughness were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimal cutting parameters were found to improve the machining performance. Due to the complexity of machining process, artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to develop the predictive model of surface roughness. Simulations were done to study the relationship between surface roughness and cutting parameters based on the proposed model.

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Wang, Hongtao, Wenbo Bie, Shaolin Zhang, and Tengfei Liu. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of Friction Characteristics of Textured Journal Bearing." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030577.

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The proposed lubrication theory of textured journal bearing is a major innovation in the study of the tribological properties of surface morphology. When it comes to the study of surface topography, it is essential to consider the effect of surface roughness when analyzing the characteristics of journal bearing. In this paper, a Reynolds equation containing longitudinal roughness is established for journal bearing and solved by the finite difference principle to obtain the bearing load and friction characteristics. Subsequently, a combination of laser etching and ultrasonic vibration milling processes was used to prepare 5 µm, 20 µm, and 40 µm bearing friction subsets with square micro-texture surfaces. The analysis of the results shows that the surface roughness distributed in the non-texture region can substantially increase the oil film pressure. When the roughness profile and the surface weave work together, the presence of a surface texture with an optimum depth of 5 µm within a roughness range of less than 1.6 µm can improve the load-bearing characteristics by a maximum of 43%. In the study of the preparation of textured bearing friction substrate, it was found that laser etching can ablate the surface of the friction substrate to a depth greater than 20 µm with the ideal effect, while the surface texturing to a depth of 5 µm is more suitable using an ultrasonic vibration processing process. In the simplified journal bearing operating condition, the frictional wear test shows that if the effect of roughness is considered, the frictional force of the depth of 20 µm and 40 µm is significantly reduced and changes less with increasing load, while the frictional force of the textured frictional pair with a depth of 5 µm is improved but significantly affected by the load carrying capacity. Therefore, when the difference between the roughness profile and the depth of the texture is of a small order of magnitude, it indicates that the effect caused by the roughness factor is not negligible.

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Hollins, Mark, and Sliman J. Bensmaïa. "The coding of roughness." Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 61, no. 3 (2007): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cjep2007020.

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Han, Junhao, Lin He, Xiwang Xu, and Zhengbang Wu. "Experimental Investigation of a Roughness Element Wake on a Hypersonic Flat Plate." Aerospace 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2022): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100574.

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An experimental investigation was performed on the wake flow field of an isolated roughness element of a flat plate at Mach 6 by employing the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) approach. The three-dimensional features and causes of the flow field structure were scrutinized by transient flow field images of roughness elements on various planes. The time-resolved NPLS technique was implemented to examine the time evolution characteristics of the wake flow field of roughness elements. In the following, the process of dynamic evolution of large-scale vortex structures in the wake flow field was methodically assessed. Additionally, the influences of roughness element heights on the wake vortex structure were evaluated and the obtained results were compared.

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Li, Yu Wei, You Song Sun, and Xu Guang Zhou. "Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification that Influence Factors of Climb and Conventional Milling on Surface Roughness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.407.

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The surface roughness is an important indicator of precision. Generally, climb milling which is usually using in finish milling get better surface roughness and accuracy. In this paper, based on geometric analysis, the surface roughness of the conventional milling is better than the surface roughness of the climb. This result has been verified by experiment.

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Zhang, Y., Yun Huang, and Zhi Huang. "Spherical Head Surface Roughness Analysis and Experimental Research Based on the Abrasive Belt Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.396.

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Surface roughness is one of the most important parameters in grinding, which directly affects the quality of the processed surface and has quite a lot of effect on the shape and position accuracy, installation accuracy of the workpiece. In the grinding process, the surface roughness is formatted from the abrasive which effects on the surface of spherical head, and is the result of mutual interference between abrasive and spherical head. Many factors affect the surface roughness, such as the shape and size of contact roller, abrasive morphology, grinding method, the stiffness of machine tool and workpiece, abrasive wear and vibration in the machining process. All of these have an impact grinding surface roughness. In this paper, analyzed the belt speed, workpiece speed, abrasive size, workpiece diameter, sand-planting density on the surface roughness of spherical head in experimental. And the effect trend of factors on surface roughness of workpiece was analyzed. Some valuable information was provided for selecting suitable parameter in spherical head grinding.

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Saikaew, Charnnarong, Theerawat Channongwang, Teerapol Kumpoo, Thichathorn Chummuangpug, and Manop Leesai. "Experimental Investigation of Machining Factors in Metal Turning Operation Using Shainin’s Variables Search Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.447.

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This paper aimed to investigate the machining factors influencing surface roughness and to obtain the appropriate turning operation of aluminum. The Shainin design of experiment method was used to investigate the effect of the four turning factors on surface roughness. Moreover, analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to obtain the appropriate turning operation of the significant factors. The results showed that spindle speed was the only significant factor affecting the average surface roughness with the appropriate turning operation of 1000 rpm used for reducing surface roughness of the machined part and tool wear.

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Jiao, Feng, Jin Hui Jian, and Xiang Liu. "Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Surface Roughness of Quenched Steel in Ultrasonic Turning with PCBN Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.1.

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Surface roughness is an important evaluation index of the machined surface quality. The ultrasonic turning mechanism was described in detail and the mechanism reducing surface roughness in ultrasonic vibration turning was obtained in this paper. Meanwhile, ultrasonic turning experiments were carried out to verify the theoretical analysis. Theoretical and experimental research results show that machined surface roughness of quenched steel in ultrasonic turning is very close to geometric surface roughness, resulting in smaller surface roughness than that in ordinary turning.

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42

Chen, Run, Jia Bin Lu, Qiu Sheng Yan, Xiao Lan Xiao, and De Yuan Li. "Experimental Research of Cluster Magnetorheological Finishing on Anodic Oxide Film of Aluminum." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.158.

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The polishing experiments of anodic oxide film of aluminum were performed to research the influence of polishing parameters on the surface roughness and material removal rate in the cluster magnetorheological finishing (MRF). Experimental results demonstrate that a mirror effect can be reached when the anodic oxide film of aluminum is polished by the Cluster MRF. The roughness of the workpiece surface after polishing for 15 min is decreased from Ra 0.575μm to Ra 4.13nm and the material removal rate is 0.653mg/min. With the extension of the polishing time, the surface roughness rapidly declines at first and then slowly decreases. When the machining time is more than 15min, the anodic oxide film of aluminum is easily worn out, resulting in a sharp increase in the surface roughness. The machining gap between the workpiece and the polishing plate influences the polishing effect of anodic oxide film of aluminum. With the increase of the machining gap, the material removal rate decreases and the surface roughness increases. A good surface quality can be got at the machining gap of 1.1mm. The type and size of abrasive particles will directly affect the polishing effect of anodic oxide film of aluminum, and when using CeO2 abrasive with the particle size of W3, a higher material removal rate and a smaller surface roughness can be obtained.

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Izquierdo-Ayala, Klever, Juan Antonio García-Aragón, Humberto Salinas-Tapia, and Carlos Díaz-Delgado. "Determinación experimental de la rugosidad equivalente e inicio de movimiento para fondo uniforme." Tecnología y ciencias del agua 11, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 105–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2020-02-03.

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44

Cheng, Rong Kai, Yun Huang, and Yao Huang. "Experimental Research on the Predictive Model for Surface Roughness of Titanium Alloy in Abrasive Belt Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.443.

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Titanium alloys have been applied to aerospacemedical and other fields. The surface roughness of titanium alloy about these areas is very high. Based on the results of orthogonal test, belt grinding surface roughness prediction model of TC4 Titanium alloy is established using linear regression method. The significant tests of regression equation are conducted and proved that the prediction model has a significant. The results indicate that the model has reliability on the prediction of surface roughness, abrasive belt grinding pressure has certain influence on the surface roughness, and grain size of belt and the belt linear speed have high significant influence on surface roughness and the influence coefficient are-0.9378 and-0.2317. While the contact wheel hardness and workpiece axial feeding speed have no significant influence on surface roughness.

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45

Šperka, Petr, Ivan Křupka, and Martin Hartl. "Experimental Study of Roughness Effect in a Rolling–Sliding EHL Contact. Part I: Roughness Deformation." Tribology Transactions 59, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2015.1070940.

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46

Ma, Lian Jie, Ya Dong Gong, and Yuan Ji Bao. "Experimental Study on Surface Roughness in Quick-Point Grinding Engineering Ceramics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.996.

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Through grinding experiment on mica glass ceramic, the mechanism of material removal was analysed, the fracture and removal of engineering ceramics was suitable for Griffiths fracture strength theory. And the factors of affected surface roughness were studied. The results indicated, The surface roughness was significantly affected by the grinding depth, inclining angle and deflecting angle in quick-point grinding engineer ceramics. The surface roughness value decreased with increasing of the wheel velocity, increased with increasing of the workpiece feed, decreased with increasing of grinding depth, increased with increasing of grinding wheel inclining angle and decreased with increasing of grinding wheel deflecting angle.

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47

Wang, Jin Sheng, Da Jian Zhao, and Ya Dong Gong. "A Micromilling Experimental Study on AISI 4340 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.335.

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A micromilling experimental study on AISI 4340 steel is conducted to understand the micromilling principle deeply. The experimental results, especially on the surface roughness and cutting force, are discussed in detail. It has been found the minimum chip thickness influences the surface roughness and cutting force greatly. Meanwhile, the material elastic recover induces the increase of the axial micromilling force. The average cutting force and its spectrum analysis validate the minimum chip thickness approximation of AISI 4340 is about 0.35μm.

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48

Lei, Xiao Bao, and Feng Xie. "Surface Roughness Prediction and Experimental Analysis in Grinding the Material of Zirconia Used by Dental Restoration." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.160.

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Surface roughness plays an important role in product quality, especially for that used in the domain of dental restoration. This paper presents a study on the surface roughness prediction and experimental analysis in grinding the material of zirconia used for dental restoration. For this purpose, the experiment using the orthogonal method is employed. The orthogonal array and range analysis were applied to study the effect of the process parameter had on the surface roughness. A high accuracy machining center, a new dental bur used only for dentistry, and a surface roughness measuring instrument which have excellent properties, are been employed to conducted the experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the amount of feed, be the major parameter on surface roughness, followed by the width of cut. At the last part of this paper, a model for predict the surface roughness in grinding zirconia is developed based on the experiment by means of linear regression analysis, which can be used to estimate the values of surface roughness given certain grinding parameters.

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Ying, Jie, Zhen Yin, Peng Zhang, Peixiang Zhou, Kun Zhang, and Zihao Liu. "An Experimental Study of the Surface Roughness of SiCp/Al with Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Grinding." Metals 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101730.

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Due to the differences in mechanical properties of Al and SiC particles, the problems of SiC particle pullout and high surface roughness will occur in the processing of SiCp/Al composites. However, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding of SiCp/Al can effectively decrease the appearance of such problems. A comparative experimental study of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted and ordinary grinding of SiCp/Al is conducted. First, the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the removal form of SiC is summarized by observing the surface morphology of the sample. Then, the primary reasons for the pullout of SiC particles and high surface roughness in SiCp/Al processing are analyzed. The variation law of the surface roughness of SiCp/Al under different ultrasonic amplitudes and grinding parameters is summarized through a single-factor experiment. The results show that ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding is beneficial for reducing the surface roughness of SiCp/Al. When grinding linear speed of grinding wheel vs increases from 2.512 m/s to 7.536 m/s, surface roughness Ra decreases from 0.25 µm to 0.16 µm. when feed rate vw increases from 100 mm/min to 1700 mm/min, surface roughness Ra increases from 0.13 µm to 0.20 µm. When grinding depth ap increases from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra increases from 0.13 µm to 0.19 µm. When ultrasonic amplitude A is increased from 0 µm to 2 µm, surface roughness Ra decreases from 0.26 µm to 0.15 µm. When ultrasonic amplitude A is increased from 2 µm to 4.4 µm, surface roughness Ra increases from 0.15 µm to 0.18 µm.

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Tangjitsitcharoen, Somkiat. "Prediction of Surface Roughness on CNC Turning Based on Monitoring of Cutting Force and Cutting Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2540.

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This paper presents the surface roughness model which is proposed and developed to predict the surface roughness in the CNC turning of the carbon steel with the coated carbide tool under various cutting conditions by using the response surface analysis with the Box-Behnken design based on the experimental results. The in-process monitoring of the cutting force and the cutting temperature is utilized to analyze the relation between the surface roughness and the cutting condition. The tool dynamometer and the infrared pyrometer are employed and installed on the turret of CNC turning machine to measure the in-process cutting force and cutting temperature. The models of cutting force ratio and cutting temperature are also developed based on the experimental data. The optimum cutting condition is determined referring to the minimum surface roughness of the surface plot, which is obtained from the developed surface roughness model. The experimental results show that the higher cutting speed gives the better surface roughness due to the higher cutting temperature, however the tool life becomes shorter. The feed rate is the most significant factor which affects the surface roughness, while a small depth of cut helps to improve the surface roughness. The effectiveness of the surface roughness prediction model has been proved by utilizing an analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confident level. Hence, the surface roughness can be predicted and obtained easily referring to the developed surface roughness model.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Experimental roughness'

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