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Academic literature on the topic 'Experimental ponds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Experimental ponds"

1

Oragui, J. I., H. Arridge, D. D. Mara, H. W. Pearson, and S. A. Silva. "Rotavirus removal in experimental waste stabilization pond systems with different geometries and configurations." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (June 1, 1995): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0497.

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Rotavirus removal in waste stabilization ponds is a relatively slow process: in a series of ten ponds (a 1-d anaerobic pond followed by nine 2-d ponds) its numbers were reduced from 1.4 × 105 per litre to zero, and in an “innovative” series (a 1-day anaerobic pond, 3-d facultative pond, 3.8-d, 3-d and 5-d maturation ponds) from 5.1 × 104 per litre to <5 per litre. Faecal coliforms were better indicators of rotaviruses than was Clostridium perfringens .

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Pearson, H. W., D. D. Mara, L. R. Cawley, H. M. Arridge, and S. A. Silva. "The performance of an innovative tropical experimental waste stabilisation pond system operating at high organic loadings." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 7 (March 1, 1996): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0123.

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In this study on the experimental pond complex at the Federal University of Paraiba in NE Brazil the organic loadings were were more than doubled to investigate the effect on pond performance. The results emphasise the tolerance of the pond system at high loadings without odour production or significant loss of efficiency in terms of BOD removal and bacterial pathogen removal, although nutrient removal by the maturation ponds was reduced. At high organic loadings baffled maturation ponds were more efficient at faecal coliform removal (FC). A minimum of 3 ponds in series are required to ensure maximum BOD removal. Shallow maturation ponds were also more efficient at FC removal although the depth of the facultative ponds had limited effect on BOD removal efficiency.

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Wu, Dan, Hong Sheng Liu, and Wen Ce Sun. "Experimental Study on Solar Ponds Combination with Solar Collector." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.174.

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The performance of Salt-gradient solar ponds (SGSP) with and without the solar collector are investigated experimentally in this paper. Two mini solar ponds with same structure are built, and one the them is appended with an exceptive solar collector for compared study. The salinity, temperature and turbidity of solar pond are studied contrastively for the two solar ponds under the same ambient conditions. The ambient temperatures,humidity and solar radiation are investigated during the experimental period. It was found that the temperature of the lower convective zone in the solar pond coupled with a solar collector increases by about 20% due to the introduce of solar collector.

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The Truyen, Le, and Le Thanh Long. "Experimental operation and performance evaluation of waste remover in aquaculture ponds." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI1 (April 12, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi1.730.

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The development of new technologies in automation to increase labor productivity has been increasingly enhanced in recent decades. The problem of cleaning water in shrimp ponds greatly affects the quality as well as shrimp production. Environmental pollution of shrimp farming is a matter of concern because the current waste treatment solutions are not yet thorough. A waste remover of shrimp waste combined with the pond bottom siphon method has been researched and developed to increase the ability to thoroughly handle waste generated in the culture environment. This device helps to automate the manual cleaning of the pond bottom by farmers. The device performs operations to clean waste, suck, filter, and remove waste from the culture environment. This device is self-propelled or manually controlled and operates in all weather conditions. This article introduces the process of testing and evaluating the efficiency of waste extraction equipment in shrimp ponds. The device was tested at a super-intensive shrimp farm and evaluated for operational efficiency. The experimental model consists of a shrimp pond operating a waste suction device, a control pond, an automatic monitoring system of water quality parameters (DO, H2S, NH3, pH, and temperature). Experimental ponds operating waste disposal equipment, control ponds are manually cleaned, other farming conditions of the two ponds are similar. The impacts of waste on the shrimp culture environment are determined through analyzing the results of measuring water quality criteria in the pond, thereby assessing the efficiency of waste removal of the equipment. The measurement results show that water quality parameters reach a value within the threshold if operating a waste suction device once per day. The benefits of waste remover operate to help save the cost of labor to clean the pond bottom, protect workers' health.

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Altayeva, F. A. "Growing commodity tilapia in various experimental conditions." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2010-03.

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The article presents the results of growing tilapia to marketable weight in experimental sites (Chilikskoye pond pond farms LLP, KATU named after S. Seifullin JSC and Kapshagai spawning farm — 1973 LLP). In the process of carrying out research works, the methods generally accepted in fish farming, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology, hydrology, ichthyology, as well as foreign normative and technical guidelines and methodological instructions on the technology of growing commercial tilapia in industrial conditions were used. Monitoring of hydrochemical analyses of water in ponds, swimming pools, and closed water supply installations is given. Fish-breeding and biological indicators of tilapia grown in various experimental conditions are presented. The results of the studies have shown the real possibility of growing tilapia in various conditions of fish farms in Kazakhstan. Based on the results of the work, the following conclusions were made: — satisfactory fish-breeding indicators were obtained with various cultivation technologies (as when growing tilapia in polyculture and monoculture in ponds, in pools, as well as cultivation in the recirculation system); — the cultivation of tilapia in the experimental ponds of the fish farm of the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan has shown the possibility of obtaining high fish-breeding biological indicators of tilapia and the ability to grow to marketable mass in a short time; — as a result of experimental cultivation in various conditions, it was found that the survival rate was not lower than 97%; — as a result of the analysis of the profitability indices of the developed technologies, it was found that the most profitable was the technology of growing marketable tilapia products in monoculture ponds on water with a natural thermal regime in Chilik Pond Economy LLP.

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Siddig, Ahmed A. H., John S. Richardson, and Carsten F. Dormann. "Drought may amplify the impacts of salt pollution in pond ecosystems: an experimental exploration." Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie 194, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2020/1225.

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Pond ecosystems are biodiversity-rich habitats, which support great biological diversity and provide important ecological services, but increasingly face risk of pollution and drought events. With increase in use of road-salts, ponds become vulnerable to high levels of salt pollution and may impair their biological communities and ecosystem functions. However, understanding the impacts of these two threats combined are limited. In this study, we experimentally investigated the impacts of road-salt pollution and the expected future increase in drought events on ponds' physical conditions, communities and ecosystem functions. In a two-way factorial design, 20 experimental mesocosms were used to test the individual and combined effects of climate change-driven drought events and salt pollution on natural pond ecosystems. Treatments were presence or absence of water salinization to mimic pollution by road-salts, and drying to mimic drought events. Our drought treatment doubled water salinity during the experimental period. While salt additions significantly affected ponds' physical conditions and leaf litter decomposition, both salt additions and drying showed no independent impacts on pond biota and ecosystem functions. However, our path analysis revealed that drying indirectly reduced leaf litter decomposition and eco-system productivity through changes in ponds' physical conditions, although it did not affect biomass of insects and periphyton. Overall, our findings suggest that anticipated drought events will amplify road-salt pollution, and subsequently affect ponds' biodiversity, food webs, and ecosystem functions. Implications for restoration, conservation and climate change adaptation may include actively managing snow-melting salts and long-term monitoring of changes in ponds' biophysical conditions and ecological functions.

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Barzily, Ahuva, and Yehuda Kott. "Survival of Pathogenic Bacteria in Elevated Temperature Oxidation Ponds." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0012.

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Oxidation ponds are commonly used as an inexpensive method for wastewater treatment. The overall treatment results are measured in terms of pH, oxygen concentration, number and type of algae, and order of magnitude of coliform bacteria reduction. It is often found that pond water temperatures, especially in the summer, reach levels which cause a rapid die-off of pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of the current study was to follow the die-off of pathogenic bacteria in an elevated temperature experimental oxidation pond. Raw wastewater was pumped from a suburban main sewer to the Environmental Engineering Department's pilot plant installations and was introduced daily into two experimental oxidation ponds to give a detention time of 10 - 12 days. One pond was held at 42 - 45°C whilst the other served as a control at ambient temperatures. Salmonellatyphimurium was introduced daily into the two ponds. In another set of experiments, the Salmonella were kept in dialysis bags placed in the ponds. The dialysis bags were filled with saline, control pond effluent, or raw wastewater. The results showed that it is very difficult to isolate the bacteria from the pond effluent. The number of Salmonella bacteria in the dialysis bags in the elevated temperature pond decreased by a few orders of magnitude within days. The Salmonella in the control pond survived for longer. It is thought that the high temperature and adverse environmental conditions caused the rapid die-off of the bacteria in the elevated temperature pond. Taking into account the fact that the numbers of the various pathogenic bacteria in nature are much smaller than the numbers introduced into the experimental ponds, it is thought that effluents from oxidation ponds operating at temperatures in the range 40 - 45°C will not contain any pathogenic bacteria.

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Bastos, R. K. X., E. N. Rios, P. D. Bevilacqua, and R. C. Andrade. "UASB-polishing ponds design parameters: contributions from a pilot scale study in southeast Brazil." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 6 (March 1, 2011): 1276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.108.

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This paper presents the results of five years monitoring of an experimental wastewater treatment plant in southeast Brazil, comprised of a UASB reactor followed by a submerged aerated biofilter (BF) (field scale) and shallow polishing ponds (pilot scale). Three ponds in series achieved high quality effluent standards in terms of ammonia and E.coli, but a fourth pond did not result in further efficiency. Well established models to predict ammonia and E.coli removal in facultative and/or maturation ponds were, in a way, validated for polishing ponds too. The paper also includes results of input design parameters, such as pH and E.coli die-off rate constants, and their variation along the pond series.

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Wang, Yi-Kuang, Chan-Chen Li, Kuang-Ying Huang, and Chin-Chu Tsai. "Can Aquaculture Ponds Be Managed as Foraging Habitats for Overwintering Water Birds? An Experimental Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 10335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410335.

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Coastal wetlands have been gradually developed by aquaculture and other anthropogenic infrastructure, reducing the habitat for water birds. The traditional operation of shallow-pond milkfish (Chanos chanos) aquaculture in Taiwan may provide a model for aquaculture production that operates in harmony with overwintering water birds. The goal of this study was to test whether experimental water drawdown of aquaculture ponds, following the seasonal, traditional milkfish aquaculture, can create resource pulses that attract water birds in Tainan City in southern Taiwan. This experiment tested four types of aquaculture with potential for application: wild fish, no-feed tilapia, milkfish, and tilapia with feed. Ponds were surveyed every other day for water depth and water birds at least 37 times in four winters after water drawdown. In general, drawdown ponds created resource pulses that attracted higher feeding bird densities and numbers of species than control ponds in all aquaculture types. Milkfish ponds often had higher water birds in each year. Deep waders were sometimes the most abundant guild in the control, whereas shorebirds, shallow and deep waders were often higher in the drawdown treatment. Bird densities and numbers of species were correlated with water level, benthic biomass and water Chl a, but not with tilapia biomass. Species, such as Black-faced Spoonbills (Platalea minor), responded to water levels with the exception of Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta). The operation of seasonal, traditional shallow-pond milkfish aquaculture is suitable for foraging of water birds during the winter migratory bird season.

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Gao, Chun Juan, Qi Zhang, Hai Hong Wu, Liang Wang, and Xi Ping Huang. "The Influence of Height of LCZ on the Salinity Diffusion of Solar Pond." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1521.

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The solar ponds with a surface of 0.3m2were filled with different concentration salt water and fresh water. The three layer’s structure of solar ponds was formed in the laboratory ponds by using the salinity redistribution. The performance and diffusion of salinity were xperimentally in the solar pond. The measurements were taken and recorded daily at various locations in the salt-gradient solar pond during a period of 30 days of experimentation. The experimental results showed that the salinity gradient layer can sustain a longer time when the lower convective zone is thicker, which is benefit to store solar energy. Therefore, properly increasing the height of LCZ is a good method to enhance the solar pond performance.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Experimental ponds"

1

Layton, Raymond J. "Macroinvertebrate colonization and production in new experimental ponds." Diss., This resource online, 1989. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-040552/.

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Christman, Van D. "Ecology of benthic macroinvertebrates in experimental ponds." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134927/.

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Rosenzweig, Michael S. "Phytoplankton colonization and seasonal succession in new experimental ponds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31916.

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Jenkins, David G. "Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-162217/.

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Lee, Byung Joon. "Experimental and modeling studies for optimizing flocculant-aided sediment retention ponds." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1239895729/.

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Jenkins, David Glenn. "Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39237.

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This study examined the structural and functional development of zooplankton communities in 12 new experimental ponds for one year and tested four predictions derived from the Random Placement Hypothesis (Coleman 1981). Physico-chemistry, zooplankton colonization dynamics, zooplankton community structure and function were analyzed every two weeks from 5 February 1988 to 10 February 1989. Ponds varied in physico-chemistry at points in time but followed similar patterns during the study year. Ponds were not colonized by zooplankton similarly. Some species occurred in all ponds with about the same timing, but many species exhibited variable timing among ponds or never occurred in more than a few ponds. Colonization curves varied among ponds and through time, and species accrual curves differed in both accrual rates and the numbers of species accrued. Observed colonization curves did not closely match the curve expected according to the Random Placement Hypothesis. Zooplankton community structure also varied among ponds. Multivariate analyses could not discern similar trends in zooplankton community structure among ponds due to the disparity of species trends among ponds. species data were pooled into taxa (Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotifera, ostracoda and Chaoborus) and analyzed. Rotifers dominated zooplankton communities in densities and biomass, and ponds differed in taxa densities and biomasses. Zooplankton community function was more similar among ponds than community structure. Multivariate analyses indicated ponds generally followed similar trajectories in zooplankton community function through the year. Zooplankton did not colonize experimental ponds equally and did not develop similar zooplankton community structure among ponds. Dispersal processes probably limited colonization and development of zooplankton community structure. Zooplankton community function was generally more similar among ponds than community structure, probably due to the functional redundancy of zooplankton species. Implications of these results for experimental pond studies are discussed.
Ph. D.

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Tsavdaris, Alexandros. "An evaluation of vegetated SuDS ponds using experimental and numerical methods." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-evaluation-of-vegetated-suds-ponds-using-experimental-and-numerical-methods(11e1eaa0-9dea-4693-a4f2-899cf0a75911).html.

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Aquatic ecosystems are threatened by a variety of contaminants contained in road runoff. Pollutant mitigation is therefore an important function of sustainable drainage systems such as vegetated ponds. However, design is predominantly based on “black box” approaches. In addition, most studies do not evaluate alternative design layouts for a given location and hydrological regime. This research project evaluates a small vegetated pond, by means of experimental and numerical methods. The vegetated wet detention pond (two flow balancing basins separated by a berm) had 1.6m maximum depth, 304m³ storage capacity, a hydro-brake controlling the outflow, and was equipped with sediment traps and stage loggers (at the inlet/outlet) for monitoring purposes. It received road runoff after a bio-retention area and a swale (L=80m) adjacent to an urban road. Experimental methods included the collection of water/sediment from strategic parts of the system and subsequent analysis. Water quality investigation included BOD5, COD, TSS, VSS, pH, heavy metals and other elements. Sediment quality analysis included particle size distribution, accumulation rates, volatile substance content and heavy metal/elements concentrations in different size fractions. Numerical methods included the evaluation of the current design under extreme flow conditions, in terms of flow distributions, followed by investigating alternative geometries for the same footprint in the interest of promoting sustainable flow regimes and sedimentation potential. The storm events exhibited first flush patterns in the inflow, but linear associations between many pollutants in the inlet and the outlet, suggested short-circuiting was affecting effluent quality during storm events. The pond system showed variability and complexity in the behaviour of pollutants with influences due to spatial, seasonal, and site-specific effects. The pollution levels in the pond (water, sediments) were low compared to standards and the pond seemed to have relieved the River Wallington (receiving water-body) from a great amount of pollution. However, increased salinity and low biodegradability of material found in the pond could be of concern in the long-term. The system promoted sedimentation although there was indication of post-depositional re-suspension especially under high flows. Vegetation probably encouraged buffering while increasing the levels of biogenic debris in the pond water. The main factors contributing to the water and sediment quality fluctuations were identified during this study. These factors were of a broad-spectrum of variables related to environmental stressors and design properties. The modelling of the vegetation was very intricate although the CFD code modelled relatively accurately the flow distributions within the vegetated domain. The simulations suggest that the excessive vegetation diverged the flow from the basins to the un-vegetated banks and therefore, increased the re-suspension potential of settled material. The response of this particular vegetated pond in terms of sedimentation potential and velocity distributions (during the design flow) was highly influenced by the geometry and the vegetation cover of the pond system. In addition, simulations indicated that the most appropriate design layout for the given flow regime was an elliptical pond with a submerged/emergent island placed at a central location. The response of this pond layout, in respect of velocity distributions, could be up to 30% more efficient than the existing configuration. The research findings of this study contributed to greater knowledge of the dynamic nature of treatment mechanisms in vegetated SuDS and offered innovative information on how to simulate (vegetated) SuDS ponds using CFD codes.

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Madon, Sharook P. "Bioenergetics of young-of-year walleye and trophic interactions in experimental ponds /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784368895977.

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Swirepik, Jody, and n/a. "Physical disturbance of Potamogeton tricarinatus and sediment by carp (Cyprinus carpio) in experimental ponds." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.155736.

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The impact of carp on a rhizomatous macrophyte was examined in two consecutive years using three outdoor aquaculture ponds with naturally established beds of Potamogeton tricarinatus. Each pond was divided with wire fencing to form a carp (500 kg ha-1) and control treatment. After 6 weeks, plant biomass had declined to the same extent in the carp and control treatments, indicating that direct physical disturbance by carp was not reducing the biomass of P. tricarinatus. In a second experiment, carp were added to two of the same ponds when plants were regenerating after a 9-11 month drying period. After 8 weeks, P. tricarinatus biomass in the carp treatments was between one half and one tenth of the biomass in the control treatments and one control treatment supported more Najas tenuifolia than the paired carp treatment. The lower biomass of Potamogeton in the carp treatments was a result of fewer shoots and less growth per shoot. Rhizomes had been undermined in the carp treatment with less than 1% of plants growing from rhizome compared to 36% in the control treatment. Accumulation of sediment into traps was significantly higher in the carp treatments (2.5 to 77.5 times more than the control). On average, carp resuspended 662 kg dry sediment ha-1 for each 100 kg ha-1 of carp or 6.6 times their wet weight biomass in dry sediments each day. Some implications of high sediment resuspension are discussed. The research demonstrates that well anchored macrophyte species can show tolerance to the physical disturbance associated with carp benthic feeding, however, these same species are vulnerable during regenerating and recruitment stages. It is suggested that anchorage is the most important factor for determining plant tolerance to carp. The implications for aquatic plant and riverine management are discussed, including the importance of excluding carp from newly flooded wetlands and the role of carp in determining alternative stable states.

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Taylor, Scott. "Exploring factors driving organic carbon burial and storage in small constructed ponds : an experimental approach." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36143/.

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The significance of ponds in the terrestrial carbon cycle has received increasing attention in recent years. Evidence suggests that ponds exhibit rates of biogeochemical cycling orders of magnitude greater than larger water bodies and, cumulatively, the storage of organic carbon (OC) in small ponds may equal or possibly surpass that of large water bodies. This project furthers our understanding of OC storage within ponds, combining survey and experimental approaches to accurately quantify sediment carbon stocks and accumulation rates. It incorporates four distinct, yet complimentary components aiming to: i) Evaluate the accuracy of estimating OC storage in entire ponds from sediment cores; ii) Monitor physicochemical dynamics and quantify OC storage across newly constructed ponds; iii) Quantify OC storage across a suite of mature ponds and assess the impact of vegetation community development; iv) Identify variations in microbial communities between different ponds in relation to sediment physicochemistry and vegetation coverage, exploring the implications for OC storage and burial. Carbon stocks were surveyed in 12 mature ponds across an experimental field site at Druridge Bay, Northumberland. Comprehensive historical ecological data was used to separate these ponds into three distinct groups based on hydrology and vegetation. One pond was selected from each of the resulting three groups and exhumed in its entirety to accurately quantify OC storage. Three sediment cores were taken beforehand in a novel attempt to evaluate the percentage difference between sediment core estimates and whole pond sediment OC storage. Whole pond exhumation suggests that the three ponds stored between 1565 – 2288 g OC m2, whilst results from the cores alone gave estimates within a 10-15% range. A further three ponds from each group were selected to quantify burial rates using sediment cores. Results suggest the ponds have stored between 1413 – 4459 g OC m2 over 20 yrs, equating to around 67 – 212 g OC m2 yr-1. OC storage was greater in ponds that had undergone the fastest establishment of vascular plant communities. Three new ponds were constructed at the Druridge site. Physicochemical parameters were monitored at approximately fortnightly intervals across a period of three years. All three ponds were hyper-eutrophic, dominated by algae. However, OC storage was negligible, further suggesting that OC burial is only significant upon the establishment of vascular plant communities. Sediment samples were subject to 16s rRNA analysis to identify microbial communities involved in carbon cycling. Variations in microbial community composition between ponds were observed and showed complex relationships with sediment physicochemistry and vegetation coverage. Microbial diversity was significantly higher in ponds storing more OC. Ponds dominated by Juncus vegetation, had lower diversity and a greater abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria, and stored less OC. The intense rates of OC burial observed in this study demonstrate the functional capacity of constructed ponds to operate as significant sinks of OC. High rates of OC accumulation compared to the surrounding terrestrial landscape highlights the potential for their construction across landscapes to act as versatile, yet effective carbon mitigation features.

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Books on the topic "Experimental ponds"

1

Odum, Howard T. Self-organization of estuarine ecosystems in marine ponds receiving treated sewage: Data from experimental pond studies at Morehead City, North Carolina, 1968-72. [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University of North Carolina Sea Grant, 1985.

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Odum, Howard T. Self-organization of estuarine ecosystems in marine ponds receiving treated sewage: Data from experimental pond studies at Morehead City, North Carolina, 1968-72. [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University of North Carolina Sea Grant, 1985.

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Gibson, J. Growth and survival of two strains of Rainbow Trout, Tagwerker, and Nisqually, in a Winterkill Lake and four experimental ponds. Winnipeg, Man: Central and Arctic Region, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1995.

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ill, Petruccio Steven, ed. Puddles and ponds. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: J. Messner, 1990.

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Potter, Jean. Science in seconds at the beach: With activities for ponds, lakes, and rivers : exciting experiments you can do in ten minutes or less. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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Freudinger, Lawrence C. Flutter clearance of the F-18 high-angle-of-attack research vehicle with experimental wingtip instrumentation pods. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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J, Janssen J. A., and Bay of Bengal Programme. Development of Small-Scale Fisheries., eds. Experimental shrimp farming in ponds in Polekurru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Madras: Development of Small-Scale Fisheries in the Bay of Bengal, 1986.

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Magnusson, Katarina Anna. A quantitative and experimental investigation of foodweb dynamics in intermittent freshwater ponds. 2006.

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Hewitt, Sally. Rivers, Ponds, And Seashore (Discovering Nature). Copper Beech, 1999.

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Thoreau, Henry David. Walden. Edited by Stephen Allen Fender. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538065.001.0001.

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‘The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.’ In 1845 Henry David Thoreau left his home town of Concord, Massachusetts to begin a new life alone, in a rough hut he built himself a mile and a half away on the north-west shore of Walden Pond. Walden is Thoreau’s classic autobiographical account of this experiment in solitary living, his refusal to play by the rules of hard work and the accumulation of wealth and above all the freedom it gave him to adapt his living to the natural world around him. This new edition of Walden traces the sources of Thoreau’s reading and thinking and considers the author in the context of his birthplace and his sense of its history - social, economic and natural. In addition, an ecological appendix provides modern identifications of the myriad plants and animals to which Thoreau gave increasingly close attention as he became acclimatized to his life in the woods by Walden Pond.

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Book chapters on the topic "Experimental ponds"

1

Crossland, N. O., and C. J. M. Wolff. "Outdoor Ponds: Their Construction, Management, and Use in Experimental Ecotoxicology." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 51–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39460-0_2.

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Schidlowski, Manfred, Hendrik Gorzawski, and Inka Dor. "Experimental Hypersaline Ponds as Model Environments for Stromatolite Formation 2. Isotopic Biogeochemistry." In Early Organic Evolution, 494–508. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76884-2_40.

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Dor, I., N. Carl, and M. Schidlowski. "Experimental Hypersaline Ponds as Model Environments for Stromatolite Formation 1. Microbenthos Composition and Biomass Accumulation." In Early Organic Evolution, 483–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76884-2_39.

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Vinod, Mummina, M. Raghuraman, and V. Mahesh Chakravarthi. "Experimental Investigation of Automatic Aeration Process and Condition of Aqua Ponds Monitoring System with the Help of Internet of Things." In Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Innovative Product Design, 381–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9853-1_32.

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Zambrano, Luis, and Demián Hinojosa. "Direct and indirect effects of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on macrophyte and benthic communities in experimental shallow ponds in central Mexico." In Shallow Lakes ’98, 131–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2986-4_13.

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Bishop, P. G. "The PODS Diversity Experiment." In Software Diversity in Computerized Control Systems, 51–84. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8932-0_4.

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Amami, Btissam, Laïla Rhazi, Siham Bouahim, Mouhssine Rhazi, and Patrick Grillas. "Vegetation recolonisation of a Mediterranean temporary pool in Morocco following small-scale experimental disturbance." In Pond Conservation in Europe, 221–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9088-1_18.

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Mezrioui, Nour-Eddine, and Brahim Oudra. "Dynamics of Picoplankton and Microplankton Flora in the Experimental Wastewater Stabilization Ponds in the Arid Region of Marrakech, Morocco and Cyanobacteria Effect on Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae Survival." In Wastewater Treatment with Algae, 165–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10863-5_10.

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Hamid, Tarek K. A. "Experiment 3: Understanding Why 250 Pounds Does Not Equal 250 Pounds." In Thinking in Circles About Obesity, 317–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09469-4_19.

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Sahib, Nargis, Laïla Rhazi, Mouhssine Rhazi, and Patrick Grillas. "Experimental study of the effect of hydrology and mechanical soil disturbance on plant communities in Mediterranean temporary pools in Western Morocco." In Pond Conservation in Europe, 233–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9088-1_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Experimental ponds"

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Kumar, Abhishek, and Ranjan Das. "Inverse Optimization of Design Parameters in a Hybrid Solar Pond System With External Heat Addition." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11117.

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Abstract External heat supply to solar ponds from various types of solar collectors is a feasible alternative that significantly enhances its performance. In this work, various design parameters in a hybrid solar pond with external heat addition from Evacuated Tube Solar Collector (ETSC) are evaluated using an inverse approach. A forward model based on heat balance equations is solved for various zones of the solar pond to predict temperatures attained by its storage zone under a given climatic condition. Bryant and Colbeck’s relation is used to account for the diminution of the solar radiation as it travels from upper layers of the solar pond to its bottom layers. The relevant differential equations are solved using a Runge-Kutta fourth order scheme. The component of heat addition from ETSC is added to the forward model in the storage zone’s equation. Heat added from ETSC is considered proportional to the fraction of the aperture area to the pond’s base area, the thermal efficiency of ETSC and global solar radiation incident on ETSC. Both the forward model of the solar pond and combined solar pond and ETSC model were validated with previous experimental and numerical studies available in the literature for El Paso, USA, and Melbourne, Australia. An inverse model based on genetic algorithm is proposed for evaluating the set of geometrical parameters of ETSC and solar pond in order to derive a required performance from the combined solar pond-ETSC system.

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Sur, Shakya, Ahmed Mahmoud, Ali Ebrahimi Khabbazi, Elan Pavlov, and Amy M. Bilton. "Computational Modeling and Field Evaluation of an Innovative Solar Updraft Aeration System for Aquaculture in the Developing World." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59572.

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Throughout the Asia Pacific region, fish farming is a vital and growing source of food security and economic activity. Since 1970, aquaculture has maintained an average annual growth rate of 8.7% in the region. Currently, almost 90% of global aquaculture production currently takes place in Asia Pacific and over 20 million people are employed in the sector. This growth has been associated with a large increase in family-run backyard aquaculture and integrated agriculture-aquaculture reservoirs in areas like rural Vietnam. However, yields in those rural ponds have typically been low. This is largely due to lack of aeration systems, which introduce oxygen into the pond water and allow for greater stocking densities, healthier fish, and greater yields. Aeration systems typically are not employed in these remote communities due to high capital costs, lack of access to reliable electricity, and prohibitive maintenance costs. To address this need, a low-cost solar-thermal aeration system for implementation in resource-constrained settings was devised. The system consists of a metallic solar collector and a heat transfer column, which induces convective circulation in the water by dissipating heat to the cooler, deeper layers of the pond. As a result of the circulation produced by the device, oxygen generated by phytoplankton at the top of the pond is distributed throughout the water column, preventing oxygen losses to the atmosphere due to surface supersaturation and increasing the overall pond oxygen content. This paper presents the system models developed to validate the concept, including a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and a diel Dissolved Oxygen (DO) simulation model. These models, when used in conjunction, can estimate the increase in DO to be expected by the introduction of passive aeration device. These models were tailored to represent two target test ponds in Bac Ninh, Vietnam. To calibrate the models, instrumentation measured relevant parameters including DO and water temperatures at various depths, wind speed, ambient air temperature, and solar irradiance. A description of the mechanical design, construction and installation of two full-scale prototypes is then discussed, and field results for the first month post-implementation are analyzed. The model and experimental results indicate that the device can improve the DO content at deep levels of the ponds (i.e. oxygen-depleted regions) and has the potential to improve aquaculture productivity in resource-constrained settings.

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Chen, Bo, Rui Yang, Yi Zhang, Qian Bao, Mingying Gao, and Zaihua Liu. "Synergy between Macrophyte Abundance and DIC Concentrations that Reduce Methane Emissions from Experimental Ponds." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.376.

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Bowman, Charles F., Robert E. Taylor, and Jerry D. Hubble. "The Oriented Spray Cooling System for Heat Rejection and Evaporation." In ASME 2019 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1803.

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Abstract Spray ponds offer significant advantages over mechanical draft cooling towers (MDCT) including superior simplicity and operability, lower preferred power requirements, and lower capital and maintenance costs. Unlike a conventional spray pond in which spray nozzles are arranged in a flat bed and water is sprayed upward, the Oriented Spray Cooling System (OSCS) is an evolutionary spray pond design in which nozzles are mounted on spray trees arranged in a circle and are tilted at an angle oriented towards the center of the circle. As a result, each nozzle is exposed to essentially ambient air as water droplets drag air into the spray region while the warm air concentrated in the center of the circle rises. Both of these effects work together to increase air flow through the spray region. Increased air flow reduces the local wet-bulb temperature (LWBT) of the air in the spray pattern, promoting heat transfer and more efficient cooling. The authors have developed analytical models to predict the thermal performance of the OSCS that are based on classical heat and mass transfer and kinetic vector relationships for spherical water droplets that rely only on generic experimental thermal performance data. Therefore, the model is not limited in application with regard to spray pressure or nozzle spacing or orientation and is not limited by droplet size considerations. This paper describes specific details such as nozzle type, orientation, and drop spectrum and details on the analytical model never before published that are used to predict the OSCS performance. The paper compares the predicted performance of the OSCS with the rigorous full-scale field test results that were measured in compliance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements at the Columbia Generating Station (CGS) where the ultimate heat sink (UHS) is two OSCS.

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Lo Frano, R., F. Pilo, and D. Aquaro. "Application of PHADEC Method for the Decontamination of Radioactive Steam Piping Components." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96252.

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The dismantling of nuclear plants is a complex activity that originates often a large quantity of radioactive contaminated residue. In this paper the attention was focused on the PHADEC (PHosphoric Acid DEContamination) plant adopted for the clearance of Caorso NPP (in Italy) metallic systems and components contaminated by Co60 (produced by the neutron capture in the iron materials), like the main steam lines, moisture separator of the turbine buildings, etc. The PHADEC plant consists in a chemical off line treatment: the crud, deposited along the steam piping during life plant as an example, is removed by means of acid attacks in ponds coupled to a high pressure water washing. Due to the fact that the removed contaminated layers, essentially, iron oxides of various chemical composition, depend on components geometry, type of contamination and time of treatment in the PHADEC plant, it becomes of meaningful importance to suggest a procedure capable to improve the control of the PHADEC process parameters. This study aimed thus at the prediction and optimization of the mentioned treatment time in order to improve the efficiency of the plant itself and to achieve, in turn, the minimization of produced wastes. To the purpose an experimental campaign was carried out by analysing several samples, i.e. taken along the main steam piping line. Smear tests as well as metallographic analyses were carried out in order to determine respectively the radioactivity distribution and the crud composition on the inner surface of the components. Moreover the radioactivity in the crud thickness was measured. These values allowed finally to correlate the residence time in the acid attack ponds to the level of the achieved decontamination.

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Zemke, Peter E., Byard D. Wood, Daniel J. Dye, David J. Bayless, and Jeff D. Muhs. "Economic Analysis of a Vertical Sheet Algal Photobioreactor for Biodiesel Production." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36055.

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The combination of a 100% increase in diesel fuel prices since 2002 and a new photobioreactor technology has renewed interest in producing biodiesel, a direct petroleum diesel fuel substitute, from microalgae. A new photobioreactor technology in which the microalgae are grown on vertically suspended membranes promises to increase algal productivity per acre ten-fold compared to microalgae ponds, and 400-fold compared to soybeans. This paper describes the general photobioreactor concept and assesses the economic viability of such technology given the current crude oil prospects. The majority of the data necessary for assessment are obtained from published articles, with experimental results providing the remaining necessary information. Analysis results indicate that the photobioreactor would need to be constructed and operate on the order of dollars per square foot per year.

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Berberog˘lu, Halil, Pedro S. Gomez, and Laurent Pilon. "Radiation Characteristics of Promising Algae for CO2 Fixation and Biofuel Production." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88019.

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This paper reports experimental measurements of the radiation characteristics of green algae used for carbon dioxide fixation via photosynthesis. Particular attention was paid to three widely used species namely Botryococcus braunii, Chlorella sp., and Chlorococcum littorale. Their extinction and absorption coefficients were obtained from normal-normal and normal-hemispherical transmittance measurements over the spectral range from 400 to 800 nm. Moreover, a polar nephelometer is used to measure the scattering phase function of the microorganisms at 632.8 nm. It was observed that for all strains, scattering dominates over absorption. The magnitudes of the extinction and scattering cross-section are functions of the size, shape, and chlorophyll content of each strains in a non-trivial manner. Absorption peaks at 435, 475, and 676 nm corresponding to chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b have been clearly identified in the three species considered. The results can be used for scaling and optimization of CO2 fixation in ponds or photobioreactors as well as in the development of controlled ecological life support systems.

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Adams, J. F., S. R. Biggs, M. Fairweather, D. Njobuenwu, and J. Yao. "Theoretical Modelling of Nuclear Waste Flows." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16377.

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A large amount of nuclear waste is stored in tailings ponds as a solid-liquid slurry, and liquid flows containing suspensions of solid particles are encountered in the treatment and disposal of this waste. In processing this waste, it is important to understand the behaviour of particles within the flow in terms of their settling characteristics, their propensity to form solid beds, and the re-suspension characteristics of particles from a bed. A clearer understanding of such behaviour would allow the refinement of current approaches to waste management, potentially leading to reduced uncertainties in radiological impact assessments, smaller waste volumes and lower costs, accelerated clean-up, reduced worker doses, enhanced public confidence and diminished grounds for objection to waste disposal. Mathematical models are of significant value in nuclear waste processing since the extent of characterisation of wastes is in general low. Additionally, waste processing involves a diverse range of flows, within vessels, ponds and pipes. To investigate experimentally all waste form characteristics and potential flows of interest would be prohibitively expensive, whereas the use of mathematical models can help to focus experimental studies through the more efficient use of existing data, the identification of data requirements, and a reduction in the need for process optimisation in full-scale experimental trials. Validated models can also be used to predict waste transport behaviour to enable cost effective process design and continued operation, to provide input to process selection, and to allow the prediction of operational boundaries that account for the different types and compositions of particulate wastes. In this paper two mathematical modelling techniques, namely Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES), have been used to investigate particle-laden flows in a straight square duct and a duct with a bend. The flow solutions provided by these methods have been coupled to a three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking routine to predict particle trajectories. Simulation results are shown to be good agreement with experimental data, where available. Based on the LES and RANS-Lagrangian methods, the mean value of the particle displacement in a straight square duct is found to generally decrease with time due to gravity effects, with the rate of deposition increasing with particle size. Using the RANS-Lagrangian method to study flows in a duct bend, there is good agreement between predicted profiles and data, with the method able to simulate particle dispersion, the phenomenon of particle roping and the increase of particle collisions with the bend-wall with particle size. With the LES-Lagrangian method, particle re-suspension from a bed is studied in a straight square duct flow and this process shown to be dominated by secondary flows within the duct, with smaller particles tending to re-suspend in preference to larger ones. Overall, the study demonstrates that modelling techniques can be used to provide insight in to processes that are of relevance to the processing of nuclear waste, and are capable of predicting their transport behaviour. In particular, they are able to provide reliable predictions of particle deposition within flows to form solid beds, the re-suspension of particles from a bed, and the influence of complex flow geometries on particle dispersion. In the latter case, they are also of value to studies of erosion due to particle impact. Such models are therefore of value as engineering tools for use in the prediction of waste behaviour and in cost effective process design.

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Sandoval Torres, Sadoth, D. López, J. Rodríguez, L. Mendez, and L. V. Aquino. "Exploring drying conditions for Mexican mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata)." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7708.

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Mesquite pods contain a high nutritional content, then a protein rich flour can be obtained. Prosopis Laevigata pods were collected from Oaxaca and Durango. Three stages of maturity were identified. The internal structure of the pods was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pods were dried at 40°C, 50°C and 60°C, 10% relative humidity and air velocity of 2.6 m/s. From experimental data, the characteristic curve was obtained. SEM Images showed a heterogeneous and tortuous structure. The internal structure of the material is a limiting factor for mass transfer. The effective coefficient diffusion for each drying experiment was determinated.Keywords: Drying; mesquite; pods.

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V., Bhikshma, Ravande Kishore, and Champla Naik D. "Experimental Investigations on Strength Characteristics of Pond Ash Concrete." In Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_s3-m012-cd.

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Reports on the topic "Experimental ponds"

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Morris, Joseph E., and David A. Pattillo. Evaluation of the Newly-developed, Least-cost Experimental Diet for Bluegill at Commercial Densities in Ponds. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-393.

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Zawislanski, P. T., G. R. Jayaweera, J. W. Biggar, L. Wu, and W. T. Frankenberger. The Pond 2 selenium volatilization study: A synthesis of five years of experimental results, 1990--1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432913.

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Moline, G. R. Homogeneous Reactor Experiment (HRE) Pond cryogenic barrier technology demonstration: Pre-barrier subsurface hydrology and contaminant transport investigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656473.

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