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Academic literature on the topic 'Experimental methods in fluid flow'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Experimental methods in fluid flow"

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Lund, Bjørnar, Ali Taghipour, Jan David Ytrehus, and Arild Saasen. "Experimental Methods for Investigation of Drilling Fluid Displacement in Irregular Annuli." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 5201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195201.

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Experimental methods are still indispensable for fluid mechanics research, despite advancements in the modelling and computer simulation field. Experimental data are vital for validating simulations of complex flow systems. However, measuring the flow in industrially relevant systems can be difficult for several reasons. Here we address flow measurement challenges related to cementing of oil wells, where main experimental issues are related to opacity of the fluids and the sheer size of the system. The main objective is to track the propagation of a fluid-fluid interface during a two-fluid displacement process, and thereby to characterize the efficiency of the displacement process. We describe the implementation and use of an array of electrical conductivity probes, and demonstrate with examples how the signals can be used to recover relevant information about the displacement process. To our knowledge this is the most extensive use of this measurement method for studying displacement in a large-scale laboratory setup. Optical measurements and visual observations are challenging and/or costly in such large-scale systems, but can still provide qualitative information as shown in this article. Using electrical conductivity probes is a robust and fairly low-cost experimental method for characterizing fluid-fluid displacement in large-scale systems.
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Wakimoto, Tatsuro, Koichi Araga, and Kenji Katoh. "OS22-10 Simultaneous Determination of Micelle Structure and Turbulent Transition in Drag-Reducing Surfactant Solution Flow using Fluorescence Probe Method(Fluid Flow and Hydrodynamic Forces,OS22 Experimental method in fluid mechanics,FLUID AND THERMODYNAMICS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.274.

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Kaminsky, R. D. "Predicting Single-Phase and Two-Phase Non-Newtonian Flow Behavior in Pipes." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795006.

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Improved and novel prediction methods are described for single-phase and two-phase flow of non-Newtonian fluids in pipes. Good predictions are achieved for pressure drop, liquid holdup fraction, and two-phase flow regime. The methods are applicable to any visco-inelastic non-Newtonian fluid and include the effect of surface roughness. The methods utilize a reference fluid for which validated models exist. For single-phase flow, the use of Newtonian and power-law reference fluids are illustrated. For two-phase flow, a Newtonian reference fluid is used. Focus is given to shear-thinning fluids. The approach is theoretically based and is expected to be more accurate for large, high-pressure pipelines than present correlation methods, which are all primarily based on low-pressure, small-diameter pipe experimental data.
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Yeung, Hoi C., and Paulo C. R. Lima. "Modeling of Pig Assisted Production Methods." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1446474.

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More and more transient gas-liquid operations in pipes have been successfully applied in the oil and gas industry. Pigging operation in two-phase pipelines to remove liquid accumulation or for cleaning purpose is an important transient operation. Another important operation is the injection of gas to transport the accumulated liquid in the pipeline to process facilities. Analysis of such transient two-phase flow in a pipeline is necessary not only for designing the liquid and gas handling facilities, but also for establishing safe operating procedures. In pipeline-riser systems, such operations cause even more severe change in flow conditions. A two-fluid model has been developed to determine the transient behavior of fluids during these operations. A one-dimensional set of equations for bubble/mist, annular and stratified flows has been derived. Slug flows were modeled as a combination of the foregoing. Semi-implicit finite difference schemes were used to solve the initial and boundary value problem for each phase of the pigging process: gas/pig injection, gas shut-in, slug production, and gas flow out of the system. An extensive experimental program was carried out to acquire two-phase transient flow and pigging data on a 69-m-long, 9.9-m-high, 50-mm-dia pipeline-riser system. A computer based data acquisition system was used to obtain rapidly changing and detailed information of the flow behavior during tests. The model compared well with the experimental data for characteristics such as inlet pressure, hold-up, and pig velocity. Liquid production efficiencies for different operations were compared.
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Ajeeb, Wagd, Monica S. A. Oliveira, Nelson Martins, and S. M. Sohel Murshed. "Numerical approach for fluids flow and thermal convection in microchannels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012049.

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Abstract The heat transfer performance of conventional thermal fluids in microchannels is an attractive method for cooling devices such as microelectronic applications. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a very significant research technique in heat transfer studies and validated numerical models of microscale thermal management systems are of utmost importance. In this paper, some literature studies on available numerical and experimental models for single-phase and Newtonian fluids are reviewed and methods to tackle laminar fluid flow through a microchannel are sought. A few case studies are selected, and a numerical simulation is performed to obtain fluid flow behaviour within a microchannel, to test the level of accuracy and understanding of the problem. The numerical results are compared with relevant experimental results from the literature and a proper methodology for numerical investigation of single-phase and Newtonian fluid in laminar flow convection heat transfer in microscale heat exchangers is defined.
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du Roure, Olivia, Anke Lindner, Ehssan N. Nazockdast, and Michael J. Shelley. "Dynamics of Flexible Fibers in Viscous Flows and Fluids." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 51, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 539–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045153.

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The dynamics and deformations of immersed flexible fibers are at the heart of important industrial and biological processes, induce peculiar mechanical and transport properties in the fluids that contain them, and are the basis for novel methods of flow control. Here we focus on the low–Reynolds number regime where advances in studying these fiber–fluid systems have been especially rapid. On the experimental side, this is due to new methods of fiber synthesis, microfluidic flow control, and microscope-based tracking measurement techniques. Likewise, there have been continuous improvements in the specialized mathematical modeling and numerical methods needed to capture the interactions of slender flexible fibers with flows, boundaries, and each other.
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Pieprzyca, J., P. Warzecha, T. Merder, and M. Warzecha. "Experimental Methods of Validation for Numerical Simulation Results on Steel Flow through Tundish." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 2057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0331.

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Abstract The article presents experimental results on the impact of tundish flow regulator influencing the liquid steel flow course. The research was conducted based on the hybrid modelling methods understood as a complementary use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and physical modelling. Dynamic development of numerical simulation techniques and accessibility to highly advanced and specialized software causes the fact that these techniques are commonly used for solving problems related to liquid flows by using analytical methods. Whereas, physical modelling is an important cognitive tool in the field of empirical identification of these phenomena. This allows for peer review and specification of the researched problems. By exploiting these relationships, a comparison of the obtained results was performed in the form of residence time distribution (RTD) curves and visualization of particular types of liquid steel flow distribution zones in the investigated tundish.
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Fujimatsu, Takahiro, Mizuki Kito, and Kunikazu Kondo. "OS22-3 Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flow in a Horizontal Pipe with a Sudden Contraction(Thermal Transport Measurements and Multiphase Flow,OS22 Experimental method in fluid mechanics,FLUID AND THERMODYNAMICS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.267.

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Kawaguchi, Tatsuya, Ryosuke Takagi, and Sohei Ueda. "OS22-9 Analysis of Drag Force on a Sphere Influenced by Other Objects Indirectly(Fluid Flow and Hydrodynamic Forces,OS22 Experimental method in fluid mechanics,FLUID AND THERMODYNAMICS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.273.

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Longatte, E., Z. Bendjeddou, and M. Souli. "Application of Arbitrary Lagrange Euler Formulations to Flow-Induced Vibration Problems." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1613950.

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Most classical fluid force identification methods rely on mechanical structure response measurements associated with convenient data processes providing turbulent and fluid-elastic forces responsible for possible vibrations and damage. These techniques provide good results; however, they often involve high costs as they rely on specific modelings fitted with experimental data. Owing to recent improvements in computational fluid dynamics, numerical simulation of flow-induced structure vibration problems is now practicable for industrial purposes. As far as flow structure interactions are concerned, the main difficulty consists in estimating numerically fluid-elastic forces acting on mechanical components submitted to turbulent flows. The point is to take into account both fluid effects on structure motion and conversely dynamic motion effects on local flow patterns. This requires a code coupling to solve fluid and structure problems in the same time. This ability is out of limit of most classical fluid dynamics codes. That is the reason why recently an improved numerical approach has been developed and applied to the fully numerical prediction of a flexible tube dynamic response belonging to a fixed tube bundle submitted to cross flows. The methodology consists in simulating at the same time thermo-hydraulics and mechanics problems by using an Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) formulation for the fluid computation. Numerical results turn out to be consistent with available experimental data and calculations tend to show that it is now possible to simulate numerically tube bundle vibrations in presence of cross flows. Thus a new possible application for ALE methods is the prediction of flow-induced vibration problems. The full computational process is described in the first section. Classical and improved ALE formulations are presented in the second part. Main numerical results are compared to available experimental data in section 3. Code performances are pointed out in terms of mesh generation process and code coupling method.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Experimental methods in fluid flow"

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Fällman, Monika Carina. "Turbulence measurements in fiber suspension flows : experimental methods and results." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11460.

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Turbulent mixing is present in many pulp and paper processes. It is a particularly important factor in the design and improvements of the paper machine headbox, influencing the final paper structure. During this project, experimental methods to quantify the effect of fibers on turbulent suspension flows have been developed, and then used for studying turbulent mixing in fiber suspensions. A technique that uses microprobes to measure passive scalar mixing of salt for the characterization of turbulent fluctuations in a fiber suspension flow has been developed: Conductivity micro-probes have been built and turbulence measurements have been performed in simple jet and wake flows, studying turbulent mixing between the two streams of pulp suspension, of which one has been doped with salt. A relatively new technique to measure fluid velocity non-intrusively in opaque fluids has also been tested. The technique makes use of ultrasonic pulses to obtain velocity information through the Doppler-shift of reflected pulses. The main efforts reported on in the thesis are focused on method design and development as well as method evaluation.

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Peña, Monferrer Carlos. "Computational fluid dynamics multiscale modelling of bubbly flow. A critical study and new developments on volume of fluid, discrete element and two-fluid methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90493.

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The study and modelling of two-phase flow, even the simplest ones such as the bubbly flow, remains a challenge that requires exploring the physical phenomena from different spatial and temporal resolution levels. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is a widespread and promising tool for modelling, but nowadays, there is no single approach or method to predict the dynamics of these systems at the different resolution levels providing enough precision of the results. The inherent difficulties of the events occurring in this flow, mainly those related with the interface between phases, makes that low or intermediate resolution level approaches as system codes (RELAP, TRACE, ...) or 3D TFM (Two-Fluid Model) have significant issues to reproduce acceptable results, unless well-known scenarios and global values are considered. Instead, methods based on high resolution level such as Interfacial Tracking Method (ITM) or Volume Of Fluid (VOF) require a high computational effort that makes unfeasible its use in complex systems. In this thesis, an open-source simulation framework has been designed and developed using the OpenFOAM library to analyze the cases from microescale to macroscale levels. The different approaches and the information that is required in each one of them have been studied for bubbly flow. In the first part, the dynamics of single bubbles at a high resolution level have been examined through VOF. This technique has allowed to obtain accurate results related to the bubble formation, terminal velocity, path, wake and instabilities produced by the wake. However, this approach has been impractical for real scenarios with more than dozens of bubbles. Alternatively, this thesis proposes a CFD Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) technique, where each bubble is represented discretely. A novel solver for bubbly flow has been developed in this thesis. This includes a large number of improvements necessary to reproduce the bubble-bubble and bubble-wall interactions, turbulence, velocity seen by the bubbles, momentum and mass exchange term over the cells or bubble expansion, among others. But also new implementations as an algorithm to seed the bubbles in the system have been incorporated. As a result, this new solver gives more accurate results as the provided up to date. Following the decrease on resolution level, and therefore the required computational resources, a 3D TFM have been developed with a population balance equation solved with an implementation of the Quadrature Method Of Moments (QMOM). The solver is implemented with the same closure models as the CFD-DEM to analyze the effects involved with the lost of information due to the averaging of the instantaneous Navier-Stokes equation. The analysis of the results with CFD-DEM reveals the discrepancies found by considering averaged values and homogeneous flow in the models of the classical TFM formulation. Finally, for the lowest resolution level approach, the system code RELAP5/MOD3 is used for modelling the bubbly flow regime. The code has been modified to reproduce properly the two-phase flow characteristics in vertical pipes, comparing the performance of the calculation of the drag term based on drift-velocity and drag coefficient approaches.
El estudio y modelado de flujos bifásicos, incluso los más simples como el bubbly flow, sigue siendo un reto que conlleva aproximarse a los fenómenos físicos que lo rigen desde diferentes niveles de resolución espacial y temporal. El uso de códigos CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) como herramienta de modelado está muy extendida y resulta prometedora, pero hoy por hoy, no existe una única aproximación o técnica de resolución que permita predecir la dinámica de estos sistemas en los diferentes niveles de resolución, y que ofrezca suficiente precisión en sus resultados. La dificultad intrínseca de los fenómenos que allí ocurren, sobre todo los ligados a la interfase entre ambas fases, hace que los códigos de bajo o medio nivel de resolución, como pueden ser los códigos de sistema (RELAP, TRACE, etc.) o los basados en aproximaciones 3D TFM (Two-Fluid Model) tengan serios problemas para ofrecer resultados aceptables, a no ser que se trate de escenarios muy conocidos y se busquen resultados globales. En cambio, códigos basados en alto nivel de resolución, como los que utilizan VOF (Volume Of Fluid), requirieren de un esfuerzo computacional tan elevado que no pueden ser aplicados a sistemas complejos. En esta tesis, mediante el uso de la librería OpenFOAM se ha creado un marco de simulación de código abierto para analizar los escenarios desde niveles de resolución de microescala a macroescala, analizando las diferentes aproximaciones, así como la información que es necesaria aportar en cada una de ellas, para el estudio del régimen de bubbly flow. En la primera parte se estudia la dinámica de burbujas individuales a un alto nivel de resolución mediante el uso del método VOF (Volume Of Fluid). Esta técnica ha permitido obtener resultados precisos como la formación de la burbuja, velocidad terminal, camino recorrido, estela producida por la burbuja e inestabilidades que produce en su camino. Pero esta aproximación resulta inviable para entornos reales con la participación de más de unas pocas decenas de burbujas. Como alternativa, se propone el uso de técnicas CFD-DEM (Discrete Element Methods) en la que se representa a las burbujas como partículas discretas. En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un nuevo solver para bubbly flow en el que se han añadido un gran número de nuevos modelos, como los necesarios para contemplar los choques entre burbujas o con las paredes, la turbulencia, la velocidad vista por las burbujas, la distribución del intercambio de momento y masas con el fluido en las diferentes celdas por cada una de las burbujas o la expansión de la fase gaseosa entre otros. Pero también se han tenido que incluir nuevos algoritmos como el necesario para inyectar de forma adecuada la fase gaseosa en el sistema. Este nuevo solver ofrece resultados con un nivel de resolución superior a los desarrollados hasta la fecha. Siguiendo con la reducción del nivel de resolución, y por tanto los recursos computacionales necesarios, se efectúa el desarrollo de un solver tridimensional de TFM en el que se ha implementado el método QMOM (Quadrature Method Of Moments) para resolver la ecuación de balance poblacional. El solver se desarrolla con los mismos modelos de cierre que el CFD-DEM para analizar los efectos relacionados con la pérdida de información debido al promediado de las ecuaciones instantáneas de Navier-Stokes. El análisis de resultados de CFD-DEM permite determinar las discrepancias encontradas por considerar los valores promediados y el flujo homogéneo de los modelos clásicos de TFM. Por último, como aproximación de nivel de resolución más bajo, se investiga el uso uso de códigos de sistema, utilizando el código RELAP5/MOD3 para analizar el modelado del flujo en condiciones de bubbly flow. El código es modificado para reproducir correctamente el flujo bifásico en tuberías verticales, comparando el comportamiento de aproximaciones para el cálculo del término d
L'estudi i modelatge de fluxos bifàsics, fins i tot els més simples com bubbly flow, segueix sent un repte que comporta aproximar-se als fenòmens físics que ho regeixen des de diferents nivells de resolució espacial i temporal. L'ús de codis CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) com a eina de modelatge està molt estesa i resulta prometedora, però ara per ara, no existeix una única aproximació o tècnica de resolució que permeta predir la dinàmica d'aquests sistemes en els diferents nivells de resolució, i que oferisca suficient precisió en els seus resultats. Les dificultat intrínseques dels fenòmens que allí ocorren, sobre tots els lligats a la interfase entre les dues fases, fa que els codis de baix o mig nivell de resolució, com poden ser els codis de sistema (RELAP,TRACE, etc.) o els basats en aproximacions 3D TFM (Two-Fluid Model) tinguen seriosos problemes per a oferir resultats acceptables , llevat que es tracte d'escenaris molt coneguts i se persegueixen resultats globals. En canvi, codis basats en alt nivell de resolució, com els que utilitzen VOF (Volume Of Fluid), requereixen d'un esforç computacional tan elevat que no poden ser aplicats a sistemes complexos. En aquesta tesi, mitjançant l'ús de la llibreria OpenFOAM s'ha creat un marc de simulació de codi obert per a analitzar els escenaris des de nivells de resolució de microescala a macroescala, analitzant les diferents aproximacions, així com la informació que és necessària aportar en cadascuna d'elles, per a l'estudi del règim de bubbly flow. En la primera part s'estudia la dinàmica de bambolles individuals a un alt nivell de resolució mitjançant l'ús del mètode VOF. Aquesta tècnica ha permès obtenir resultats precisos com la formació de la bambolla, velocitat terminal, camí recorregut, estela produida per la bambolla i inestabilitats que produeix en el seu camí. Però aquesta aproximació resulta inviable per a entorns reals amb la participació de més d'unes poques desenes de bambolles. Com a alternativa en aqueix cas es proposa l'ús de tècniques CFD-DEM (Discrete Element Methods) en la qual es representa a les bambolles com a partícules discretes. En aquesta tesi s'ha desenvolupat un nou solver per a bubbly flow en el qual s'han afegit un gran nombre de nous models, com els necessaris per a contemplar els xocs entre bambolles o amb les parets, la turbulència, la velocitat vista per les bambolles, la distribució de l'intercanvi de moment i masses amb el fluid en les diferents cel·les per cadascuna de les bambolles o els models d'expansió de la fase gasosa entre uns altres. Però també s'ha hagut d'incloure nous algoritmes com el necessari per a injectar de forma adequada la fase gasosa en el sistema. Aquest nou solver ofereix resultats amb un nivell de resolució superior als desenvolupat fins la data. Seguint amb la reducció del nivell de resolució, i per tant els recursos computacionals necessaris, s'efectua el desenvolupament d'un solver tridimensional de TFM en el qual s'ha implementat el mètode QMOM (Quadrature Method Of Moments) per a resoldre l'equació de balanç poblacional. El solver es desenvolupa amb els mateixos models de tancament que el CFD-DEM per a analitzar els efectes relacionats amb la pèrdua d'informació a causa del promitjat de les equacions instantànies de Navier-Stokes. L'anàlisi de resultats de CFD-DEM permet determinar les discrepàncies ocasionades per considerar els valors promitjats i el flux homogeni dels models clàssics de TFM. Finalment, com a aproximació de nivell de resolució més baix, s'analitza l'ús de codis de sistema, utilitzant el codi RELAP5/MOD3 per a analitzar el modelatge del fluxos en règim de bubbly flow. El codi és modificat per a reproduir correctament les característiques del flux bifàsic en canonades verticals, comparant el comportament d'aproximacions per al càlcul del terme de drag basades en velocitat de drift flux model i de les basades en coe
Peña Monferrer, C. (2017). Computational fluid dynamics multiscale modelling of bubbly flow. A critical study and new developments on volume of fluid, discrete element and two-fluid methods [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90493
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Sandlin, Matthew. "An experimental and numerical study of granular hopper flows." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50318.

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In a proposed design for a concentrated solar power tower, sand is irradiated by solar energy and transfers its energy to another fluid stream by means of a finned tube heat exchanger. To maximize heat transfer and minimize potential damage to the heat exchanger, it is desired to have a very uniform flow through the heat exchanger. However, performing full scale flow tests can be expensive, impractical, and depending upon the specific quantities of interest, unsuitable for revealing the details of what it happening inside of the flow stream. Thus, the discrete element method has been used to simulate and study particulate flows. In this project, the flow of small glass beads through a square pyramid shaped hopper and a wedge shaped hopper were studied at the lab scale. These flows were also simulated using computers running two versions of discrete element modeling software – EDEM and LIGGGHTS. The simulated results were compared against the lab scale flows and against each other. They show that, in general, the discrete element method can be used to simulate lab scale particulate flows as long as certain material properties are well known, especially the friction properties of the material. The potential for increasing the accuracy of the simulations, such as using better material property data, non-uniform particle size distributions, and non-spherical particle shapes, as well as simulating heat transfer within a granular flow are also discussed.
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Buchenberg, Waltraud [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Hennig. "Development of experimental methods to measure temperature fields and velocity fields in fluid flows using Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122831404/34.

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Bello, Kelani. "Modeling multiphase solid transport velocity in long subsea tiebacks : numerical and experimental methods." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3138.

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Transportation of unprocessed multiphase reservoir fluids from deep/ultra deep offshore through a long subsea tieback/pipeline is inevitable. This form of transportation is complex and requires accurate knowledge of critical transport velocity, flow pattern changes, phase velocity, pressure drop, particle drag & lift forces, sand/liquid/gas holdup, flow rate requirement and tieback sizing etc at the early design phase and during operation for process optimisation. This research investigated sand transport characteristics in multiphase, water‐oil‐gas‐sand flows in horizontal, inclined and vertical pipes. Two critical factors that influence the solid particle transport in the case of multiphase flow in pipes were identified; these are the transient phenomena of flow patterns and the characteristic drag & lift coefficients ( D C , L C ). Therefore, the equations for velocity profile were developed for key flow patterns such as dispersed bubble flow, stratified flow, slug flow and annular flow using a combination of analytical equations and numerical simulation tool (CFD). The existing correlations for D C & L C were modified with data acquired from multiphase experiment in order to account for different flow patterns. Minimum Transport Velocity (MTV) models for suspension and rolling were developed by combining the numerically developed particle velocity profile models with semi‐empirical models for solid particle transport. The models took into account the critical parameters that influence particle transport in pipe flow such as flow patterns and particle drag & lift coefficients, thus eliminate inaccuracies currently experienced with similar models in public domain. The predictions of the proposed MTV models for suspension and rolling in dispersed bubble, slug flow and annular flow show maximum average error margin of 12% when compared with experimental data. The improved models were validated using previously reported experimental data and were shown to have better predictions when compared with existing models in public domain. These models have the potential to solve the problems of pipe and equipment sizing, the risk of sand deposition and bed formation, elimination of costs of sand unloading, downtime and generally improve sand management strategies.
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Rodriguez, de Castro Antonio. "Flow experiments of yield stress fluids in porous media as a new porosimetry method." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0021/document.

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Les méthodes expérimentales utilisées actuellement pour déterminer la distribution de taille des pores (DTP) dans les milieux poreux présentent des inconvénients, tels que par exemple, la toxicité des fluides employés (porosimétrie à mercure). La base théoriques d'une nouvelle méthode pour obtenir la DTP a été proposée dans la littérature. Celle-ci est fondée sur l'injection de fluides à seuil, caractérisés par une contrainte de cisaillement en deçà de laquelle ils ne s'écoulent pas. L'idée principale de ces travaux théoriques est que l'écoulement de fluides à seuil à travers un milieu poreux permet d'obtenir sa DTP à partir de la mesure des débits correspondant à différents gradients de pression Q(∇P). L'objectif du travail proposé ici est de présenter une nouvelle méthode d'exploitation des données expérimentales Q(∇P) permettant d'obtenir de façon simple, robuste et reproductible les DTPs des milieux poreux analysés. La démarche consiste à évaluer la contribution au débit total des nouveaux pores qui s'incorporent à l'écoulement entre deux valeurs de ∇P. Ces nouveaux pores sont caractérisés par un rayon représentatif qui est fonction de la contrainte seuil du fluide et de ∇P. L'importance de leur contribution au débit total par rapport à celle d'un seul pore donne le nombre de pores dans l'échantillon ayant ce rayon représentatif. Cette méthode est d'abord testée et validée avec des expériences générées numériquement. Ensuite, elle est utilisée pour exploiter des données provenant d'expériences de laboratoire réalisées avec de différents milieux poreux. Les résultats obtenus en termes de DTPs sont comparés avec ceux fournis par d'autres techniques: porosimétrie à mercure et microtomographie
Current experimental methods used to determine pore size distributions (PSD)of porous media present several drawbacks such as toxicity of the employed fluids (e.g., mercury porosimetry). The theoretical basis of a new method to obtain the PSD by injecting yield stress fluids through porous media and measuring the flow rate Q at several pressure gradients ∇P was proposed in the literature. On the basis of these theoretical considerations,an intuitive approach to obtain PSD from Q(∇P) is presented in this work. It relies on considering the extra increment of Q when ∇P is increased, as a consequence of the pores of smaller radius newly incorporated to the flow. This procedure is first tested and validated on numerically generated experiments. Then, it is applied to exploit data coming from laboratory experiments and the obtained PSDs are compared to those deduced by mercury porosimetry and micro tomography
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Rodrigues, Romulo Luis de Paiva. "Caracterização experimental do escoamento bifásico de gás-líquido descendente em golfadas em tubulações levemente inclinadas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1307.

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CAPES; PETROBRAS
O escoamento de gás-líquido descendente, no padrão golfadas é frequentemente encontrado em linhas de produção de petróleo provocado pela topografia do terreno. Assim, é necessário entender a dinâmica deste tipo de escoamento para o projeto de linhas de produção de óleo e gás, assim como para o dimensionamento de separadores e equipamentos. Neste cenário, no presente trabalho é caraterizado experimentalmente o escoamento bifásico de líquido-gás no padrão intermitente na direção descendente, em tubulações com inclinações de 0°, −4°, −7°, −10° e −13°. O estudo foi realizado utilizando o circuito experimental instalado no NUEM/UTFPR. Os experimentos foram conduzidos para diferentes condições de vazão de líquido e gás que garantam o padrão intermitente em golfadas, e para a monitoração das estruturas (fases) do escoamento foi utilizado um par de sensores de malha de eletrodos. A partir dos sinais temporais da fração de vazio adquiridos, foram extraídas as distribuições estatísticas dos parâmetros característicos do escoamento em golfadas, sendo estes: a velocidade de translação da bolha alongada, a frequência de passagem da célula unitária, o comprimento do pistão de líquido, o comprimento da bolha alongada e a fração de vazio na região da bolha alongada. Em posse dos dados experimentais processados, estes foram analisados com a finalidade de identificar a relação entre os parâmetros do escoamento em golfadas, tanto para suas distribuições estatísticas como para seu valor médio, com as vazões e propriedade dos fluidos. Foram elaboradas correlações, com intervalo de confiança de 95%, para calcular a frequência, velocidade da bolha alongada, comprimentos do pistão e da bolha, fração do líquido e de vazio; que certamente servirão de referência para o desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos e desenvolvimento de projetos de engenharia.
Downward slug flow in ducts of circular cross section is a frequently observed flow regime in oil and gas transportation lines. The onset of this kind of flow is due to instabilities generated by irregular pipe topography. Therefore, to understand the hydrodynamics of the slug flow is paramount in the design of crude oil production lines as well as in the project of equipment involved in oil and gas operations. The goal of this work is to experimentally analyze and characterize the two-phase gas-liquid intermittent downward flow in ducts with inclination angles of 0°, −4°, −7°, −10° and −13°. The analysis was performed at different gas-liquid volumetric flow rates for which the slug flow regime was observed. An existing experimental rig in the NUEM/UTFPR labs was used to collect data. A pair of wire-mesh sensors to evaluate the flow structure, thus obtaining void fraction temporal series was employed. From those series, statistical distributions for the characteristic parameters of such slug flows – namely the elongated bubble translational velocity, the unit cell frequency, the liquid slug and the elongated bubble lengths and the void fraction in the elongated bubble region – were obtained. The processed signals were analyzed so as to identify the relationship between the slug flow parameters, their statistical distributions and averaged values alike as functions of the flow rates and fluid properties. Correlations for slug frequency, elongated bubble velocity, liquid slug and bubble lengths as well as empirical expressions for the void and liquid fractions were developed, all within a confidence interval of 95%. It is expected that such correlations may contribute to the betterment of future engineering endeavours, and used in the development of similar mathematical models.
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Hasnaoui, Abdennebi el. "Introduction aux methodes de raccordement : application a la modelisation d'ecoulement central de convection naturelle dans une piece d'habitation." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30141.

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Presentation de la methode fet (formalisme d'evolution par transfert) permettant d'utiliser dans une meme simulation des modeles varies pour les diverses parties du systeme etudie, et d'autre part, de comparer a l'experience sur modele d'ecoulement pour le coeur d'une piece d'habitation succeptible d'etre raccordee a d'autres modeles par le fet. Analyse quantitative des resultats
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Hellou, Mustapha. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l'écoulement à structure cellulaire engendré par la rotation d'un cylindre dans un canal." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2267.

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Etude du decollement de l'ecoulement et de la formation de cellules. Structure et caracteristiques geometriques de ces cellules. Analyse du champ hydrodynamique. Calcul numerique base sur l'ecriture des conditions des conditions aux limites par la methode des moindres carres. Mise au point d'une technique de visualisation par intermittence pendant de longues durees, utilisant les traceurs solides
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Retailleau, Alain. "Validation expérimentale d'une méthode de prédiction de l'érosion par cavitation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10050.

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Le present travail est consacre au developpement et a la validation experimentale d'une methode de prediction quantitative de l'erosion par cavitation. La demarche de prediction retenue consiste a mesurer le potentiel erosif, ou agressivite, d'un ecoulement cavitant afin de le reproduire de facon acceleree puis d'obtenir une mesure previsionnelle de l'erosion. La definition de l'agressivite repose sur l'analyse statistique des microdeformations plastiques isolees formees a la surface des parois solides elastoplastiques au debut de l'endommagement. Les distributions aleatoires, spatiale et dimensionnelle, de ces indentations sont reduites aux trois grandeurs scalaires: vst le volume total des indentations par unite de surface et par unite de temps, rm et hm la moyenne des distributions, ponderees par le volume, du rayon et de la profondeur des indentations. Quant a l'erosion, elle est mesuree par l'evolution de la profondeur de l'endommagement macroscopique des parois au cours du temps. Des mesures d'agressivite et d'erosion ont ete realisees pour des ecoulements venturis experimentaux de deux echelles geometriques differentes. Pour les conditions de similitude caracterisant ces ecoulements cavitants, les transpositions des mesures d'agressivite et d'erosion, associees a un changement d'echelle geometrique et/ou a un changement de vitesse de l'ecoulement, ont ete verifiees. Par ailleurs, il est montre qu'un parametre adimensionnel, ii, caracteristique de l'interaction liquide/solide permet de transposer les mesures de l'agressivite lors d'un changement de materiau, elastoplastique, de la paroi solide de l'ecoulement. L'observation d'une tres forte correlation entre le taux de deformation volumique vst et la vitesse d'erosion permet d'envisager une nouvelle demarche de prediction de l'erosion. Des mesures d'agressivite et d'erosion ont egalement ete realisees pour les ecoulements du caversim, moyen d'essais defini pour la reproduction acceleree de l'endommagement par cavitation. L'observation de la meme correlation entre la mesure de l'agressivite, vst, et la vitesse d'erosion, pour ces ecoulements cavitants tout a fait differents des ecoulements venturis, permet de valider experimentalement la methode proposee de prediction de l'erosion par cavitation
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Books on the topic "Experimental methods in fluid flow"

1

International, Conference on Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements (4th 1989 Capri Italy). Computers and experiments in fluid flow: Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, Capri, Italy, May 1989. Southampton [England]: Computational Mechanics, 1989.

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Applin, Zachary T. Experimental and theoretical aerodynamic characteristics of a high-lift semispan wing model. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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Peyret, Roger. Computational methods for fluid flow. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Peyret, Roger. Computational methods for fluid flow. 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and. Theoretical and experimental methods in hypersonic flows: Papers presented and discussions held at the Fluid Dynamics Panel Symposium held in Torino, Italy, from 4th-8th May 1992. Neuilly-sur-Seine: AGARD, 1993.

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Steiner, O., and A. Gautschy, eds. Computational Methods for Astrophysical Fluid Flow. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31632-9.

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1955-, LeVeque Randall J., Steiner O. 1955-, Gautschy A. 1962-, and Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Astrophysik und Astronomie., eds. Computational methods for astrophysical fluid flow. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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1959-, Huerta Antonio, ed. Finite element methods for flow problems. Chichester: Wiley, 2003.

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Rummens, H. E. C. Experimental study of flow patterns near tube support structures. Chalk River, Ont: Chalk River Laboratories, 1994.

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J, Felcman, and Straškraba I, eds. Mathematical and computational methods for compressible flow. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Experimental methods in fluid flow"

1

Lu, Xianke. "Experimental Methods." In Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media Manufactured by a Space Holder Method, 43–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53602-2_3.

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Bourgoin, Mickael, Jean-François Pinton, and Romain Volk. "Lagrangian Methods in Experimental Fluid Mechanics." In Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows, 277–96. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118856024.ch15.

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Zheng, Shaokai, Dario Carugo, Francesco Clavica, Ali Mosayyebi, and Sarah Waters. "Flow Dynamics in Stented Ureter." In Urinary Stents, 149–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_13.

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AbstractUrinary flow is governed by the principles of fluid mechanics. Urodynamic studies have revealed the fundamental kinematics and dynamics of urinary flow in various physiological and pathological conditions, which are cornerstones for future development of diagnostic knowledge and innovative devices. There are three primary approaches to study the fluid mechanical characteristics of urinary flow: reduced order, computational, and experimental methods. Reduced-order methods exploit the disparate length scales inherent in the system to reveal the key dominant physics. Computational models can simulate fully three-dimensional, time-dependent flows in physiologically-inspired anatomical domains. Finally, experimental models provide an excellent counterpart to reduced and computational models by providing physical tests under various physiological and pathological conditions. While the interdisciplinary approaches to date have provided a wealth of insight into the fluid mechanical properties of the stented ureter, the next challenge is to develop new theoretical, computational and experimental models to capture the complex interplay between the fluid dynamics in stented ureters and biofilm/encrustation growth. Such studies will (1) enable identification of clinically relevant scenarios to improve patients’ treatment, and (2) provide physical guidelines for next-generation stent design.
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Peichl, Jonas, Andreas Schwab, Markus Selzer, Hannah Böhrk, and Jens von Wolfersdorf. "Innovative Cooling for Rocket Combustion Chambers." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_3.

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Abstract Transpiration cooling in combination with permeable ceramic-matrix composite materials is an innovative cooling method for rocket engine combustion chambers, while providing high cooling efficiency as well as enhancing engine life time as demanded for future space transportation systems. In order to develop methods and tools for designing transpiration cooled systems, fundamental experimental investigations were performed. An experimental setup consisting of a serial arrangement of four porous carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C/C) samples is exposed to a hot gas flow. Perfused with cold air, the third sample is unperfused in order to assess the wake flow development over the uncooled sample as well as the rebuilding of the coolant layer. Hereby, the focus is on the temperature boundary layer, using a combined temperature/pitot probe. Additionally, the sample surface temperature distribution was measured using IR imaging. The experiments are supported by numerical simulations which are showing a good agreement with measurement data for low blowing ratios.
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Meister, Andreas, and Fachbereich Mathematik. "A Numerical Method for Compressible and Low Mach Number Fluid Flow." In New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics III, 265–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45466-3_32.

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Pastorino, C., and A. Gama Goicochea. "Dissipative Particle Dynamics: A Method to Simulate Soft Matter Systems in Equilibrium and Under Flow." In Selected Topics of Computational and Experimental Fluid Mechanics, 51–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11487-3_3.

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Alvarado-Rodríguez, C. E., A. Aviles, J. Klapp, and F. I. Gomez-Castro. "Numerical Simulation of Water Flow in a Venturi Tube Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method." In Selected Topics of Computational and Experimental Fluid Mechanics, 481–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11487-3_38.

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Shishkin, Andrei, and Claus Wagner. "Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Flow Using a Spectral/hp Element Method." In New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics V, 405–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33287-9_50.

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Haidn, Oskar J., Nikolaus A. Adams, Rolf Radespiel, Thomas Sattelmayer, Wolfgang Schröder, Christian Stemmer, and Bernhard Weigand. "Collaborative Research for Future Space Transportation Systems." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 1–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_1.

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Abstract This chapter book summarizes the major achievements of the five topical focus areas, Structural Cooling, Aft-Body Flows, Combustion Chamber, Thrust Nozzle, and Thrust-Chamber Assembly of the Collaborative Research Center (Sonderforschungsbereich) Transregio 40. Obviously, only sample highlights of each of the more than twenty individual projects can be given here and thus the interested reader is invited to read their reports which again are only a summary of the entire achievements and much more information can be found in the referenced publications. The structural cooling focus area included results from experimental as well as numerical research on transpiration cooling of thrust chamber structures as well as film cooling supersonic nozzles. The topics of the aft-body flow group reached from studies of classical flow separation to interaction of rocket plumes with nozzle structures for sub-, trans-, and supersonic conditions both experimentally and numerically. Combustion instabilities, boundary layer heat transfer, injection, mixing and combustion under real gas conditions and in particular the investigation of the impact of trans-critical conditions on propellant jet disintegration and the behavior under trans-critical conditions were the subjects dealt with in the combustion chamber focus area. The thrust nozzle group worked on thermal barrier coatings and life prediction methods, investigated cooling channel flows and paid special attention to the clarification and description of fluid-structure-interaction phenomena I nozzle flows. The main emphasis of the focal area thrust-chamber assembly was combustion and heat transfer investigated in various model combustors, on dual-bell nozzle phenomena and on the definition and design of three demonstrations for which the individual projects have contributed according to their research field.
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Hötte, Felix, Oliver Günther, Christoph von Sethe, Matthias Haupt, Peter Scholz, and Michael Rohdenburg. "Lifetime Experiments of Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Combustion Chambers and PIV Measurements in a High Aspect Ratio Cooling Duct." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 279–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_18.

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Abstract This paper aims at experimental investigations of the life limiting mechanisms of regeneratively cooled rocket combustion chambers, especially the so called doghouse effect. In this paper the set up of a cyclic thermo-mechanical fatigue experiment and its results are shown. This experiment has an actively cooled fatigue specimen that is mounted downstream of a subscale GOX-GCH$$_{\text {4}}$$ combustion chamber with rectangular cross section. The specimen is loaded cyclically and inspected after each cycle. The effects of roughness, the use of thermal barrier coatings, the length of the hot gas phase, the oxygen/fuel ratio and the hot gas pressure are shown. In a second experiment the flow in a generic high aspect ratio cooling duct is measured with the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to characterize the basic flow. The main focus of the analysis is on the different recording and processing parameters of the PIV method. Based on this analysis a laser pulse interval and the window size for auto correlation is chosen. Also the repeatability of the measurements is demonstrated. These results are the starting point for future measurements on the roughness effect on heat transfer and pressure loss in a high aspect ratio cooling duct.
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Conference papers on the topic "Experimental methods in fluid flow"

1

Merzkirch, W. "Speckle photography as an experimental tool for fluid flow measurements." In ICALEO® ‘87: Proceedings of the International Conference on Optical Methods in Flow & Particle Diagnostics. Laser Institute of America, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5057947.

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Zaryankin, Arkady, Andrey Rogalev, Vladimir Kindra, Valentina Khudyakova, and Nikolay Bychkov. "Reduction methods of secondary flow losses in stator blades: numerical and experimental study." In European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and hermodynamics. European Turbomachinery Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.29008/etc2017-158.

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Bensler, H., L. Kapitza, J. Raposo, and U. Reisch. "A New Experimental Method for Determining Port Generated Swirl Flow." In SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2846.

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Weddfelt, Kenneth G., Maria E. Pettersson, and Jan-Ove S. Palmberg. "Methods of Reducing Flow Ripple from Fluid Power Piston Pumps - an Experimental Approach." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911763.

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Hyhlík, Tomáš. "POD decomposition of CFD data of flow controlled flow over hump." In XIX. THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS 2014: Proceedings of the International Conference. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4892708.

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Aragón, Juan Antonio García, Sandra Salgado Salazar, and Marcelo Funes-Gallanzi. "Experimental Observations of Particle-Fluid and Particle-Particle Interactions in Two-Phase Flows Using PTV." In Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods Specialty Conference (HMEM) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40655(2002)92.

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Hoznedl, Michal, Kamil Sedlák, Lukáš Mrózek, Lukáš Bednář, and Robert Kalista. "Experimental investigation on flow in diffuser of 1090 MW steam turbine." In THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS AND ENERGY 2016: XX. Anniversary of International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953707.

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Lagrange, Romain, Philippe Piteau, Xavier Delaune, and Jose Antunes. "Fluid-Elastic Coefficients in Single Phase Cross Flow: Dimensional Analysis, Direct and Indirect Experimental Methods." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93984.

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Abstract The importance of fluid-elastic forces in tube bundle vibrations can hardly be over-emphasized, in view of their damaging potential. In the last decades, advanced models for representing fluid-elastic coupling have therefore been developed by the community of the domain. Those models are nowadays embedded in the methodologies that are used on a regular basis by both steam generators providers and operators, in order to prevent the risk of a tube failure with adequate safety margins. From an R&D point of view however, the need still remains for more advanced models of fluid-elastic coupling, in order to fully decipher the physics underlying the observed phenomena. As a consequence, new experimental flow-coupling coefficients are also required to specifically feed and validate those more sophisticated models. Recent experiments performed at CEA-Saclay suggest that the fluid stiffness and damping coefficients depend on further dimensionless parameters beyond the reduced velocity. In this work, the problem of data reduction is first revisited, in the light of dimensional analysis. For single-phase flows, it is underlined that the flow-coupling coefficients depend at least on two dimensionless parameters, namely the Reynolds number Re and the Stokes number Sk. Therefore, reducing the experimental data in terms of the compound dimensionless quantity Vr = Re/Sk necessarily leads to impoverish results, hence the data dispersion. In a second step, experimental data are presented using the dimensionless numbers Re and Sk. We report experiments, for a 3 × 5 square tube bundle subjected to water transverse flow. The bundle is rigid, except for the central tube which is mounted on a flexible suspension allowing for translation motions in the lift direction. The evolutions of the flow-coupling coefficients with the flow velocity are determined using two different experimental procedures: (1) In the direct method, an harmonic motion of increasing frequency is imposed to the tube. (2) In the indirect method, the coefficients are obtained from the modal response of the tube (frequency, damping). The coefficient identification was performed well beyond the system instability boundary, by using active control, allowing an exploration of a significant range of flow velocity. For a given Sk, the results show that: (a) at low Re, the flow-coupling coefficients are close to zero; (b) at intermediate Re, the flow stabilizes the tube; (c) at high Re, the flow destabilizes the tube, leading to a damping-controlled instability at a critical Re. Reducing the data in terms of Re and Sk clarifies the various experimental “branches”, which are mixed when using Vr. The two identification techniques lead to reasonably compatible fluid-elastic coefficients.
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Fenderl, David, Jan Uher, and Robert Kalista. "Solution for the flow of the direct blade cascades." In XIX. THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS 2014: Proceedings of the International Conference. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4892703.

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M, Sujith, Z. A. Samitha, and P. Balachandran. "An Experimental Investigation on Combined Effect of Active and Passive Mixing Methods on Supersonic Flows." In 39th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3895.

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Reports on the topic "Experimental methods in fluid flow"

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Ayoul-Guilmard, Q., S. Ganesh, M. Nuñez, R. Tosi, F. Nobile, R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D5.4 Report on MLMC for time dependent problems. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.005.

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In this report, we study the use of Multi-Level Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods for time dependent problems. It was found that the usability of MLMC methods depends strongly on whether or not the underlying time dependent problem is chaotic in nature. Numerical experiments are conducted on both simple problems, as well as fluid flow problems of practical interest to the ExaQUte project, to demonstrate this. For the non-chaotic cases, the hypotheses that enable the use of MLMC methods were found to be satisfied. For the chaotic cases, especially the case of high Reynolds’ number fluid flow, the hypotheses were not satisfied. However, it was found that correlations between the different levels were high enough to merit the use of multi-fidelity or control-variate approaches. It was also noted that MLMC methods could work for chaotic problems if the time window of analysis were chosen to be small enough. Future studies are proposed to examine this possibility.
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Ayoul-Guilmard, Q., S. Ganesh, M. Nuñez, R. Tosi, F. Nobile, R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D5.3 Report on theoretical work to allow the use of MLMC with adaptive mesh refinement. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.002.

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This documents describes several studies undertaken to assess the applicability of MultiLevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods to problems of interest; namely in turbulent fluid flow over civil engineering structures. Several numerical experiments are presented wherein the convergence of quantities of interest with mesh parameters are studied at different Reynolds’ numbers and geometries. It was found that MLMC methods could be used successfully for low Reynolds’ number flows when combined with appropriate Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) strategies. However, the hypotheses for optimal MLMC performance were found to not be satisfied at higher turbulent Reynolds’ numbers despite the use of AMR strategies. Recommendations are made for future research directions based on these studies. A tentative outline for an MLMC algorithm with adapted meshes is made, as well as recommendations for alternatives to MLMC methods for cases where the underlying assumptions for optimal MLMC performance are not satisfied.
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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Cortez, Ricardo. Impulse-based methods for fluid flow. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/87798.

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Ayoul-Guilmard, Q., F. Nobile, S. Ganesh, M. Nuñez, R. Tosi, C. Soriano, and R. Rosi. D5.5 Report on the application of multi-level Monte Carlo to wind engineering. Scipedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2022.3.03.

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We study the use of multi-level Monte Carlo methods for wind engineering. This report brings together methodological research on uncertainty quantification and work on target applications of the ExaQUte project in wind and civil engineering. First, a multi-level Monte Carlo for the estimation of the conditional value at risk and an adaptive algorithm are presented. Their reliability and performance are shown on the time-average of a non-linear oscillator and on the lift coefficient of an airfoil, with both preset and adaptively refined meshes. Then, we propose an adaptive multi-fidelity Monte Carlo algorithm for turbulent fluid flows where multilevel Monte Carlo methods were found to be inefficient. Its efficiency is studied and demonstrated on the benchmark problem of quantifying the uncertainty on the drag force of a tall building under random turbulent wind conditions. All numerical experiments showcase the open-source software stack of the ExaQUte project for large-scale computing in a distributed environment.
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Fink, Bruce K., Roopesh Mathur, Dirk Heider, Christian Hoffman, John W. Gillespie, and Jr. Experimental Validation of a Closed-Form Fluid Flow Model for Vacuum-Assisted Resin-Transfer Molding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada395181.

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Scatena, F. N., and S. L. Johnson. Instream-Flow Analysis for the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico: Methods and Analysis. Rio Piedras, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-gtr-11.

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Woodward, P. R. Piecewise - Parabolic Methods for Parallel Computation with Applications to Unstable Fluid Flow in 2 and 3 Dimensions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836589.

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Barton, C. C., E. Larsen, W. R. Page, and T. M. Howard. Characterizing fractured rock for fluid-flow, geomechanical, and paleostress modeling: Methods and preliminary results from Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145208.

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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko, and Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
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