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Journal articles on the topic 'Experimental films'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Zanon, Marisa, and Martin Masuelli. "Alcayota Gum Films: Experimental Reviews." Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 06, no. 05 (2018): 11–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msce.2018.65002.

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2

Zhao, Yuehan. "Research on Experimental Film--Based on Comparison of Experimental Film and Traditional Film." Communications in Humanities Research 9, no. 1 (October 31, 2023): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/9/20231145.

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Experimental film is an important type of cinematic expression that originated from Europe in the 20th century. The content of experimantal film is more flexible and diverse than any other cinematic form. However, people nowadays seem to prefer traditional Hollywood films than experimental films. This paper analyses on experimental films. The reasons why experimental film works are not as popular among the general public as mainstream films may involve a variety of factors, including the nature of art, audience acceptance and aesthetic habits, limitations in publicity and marketing, cultural differences and language restrictions, film industry and commercialization pressures, financial and production conditions, as well as the influence of social and cultural backgrounds. The combination of these factors may make experimental film works more limited in terms of popularity, popularity and box office performance among the general public. However, as an art form, experimental film works still have their unique value and significance. By breaking away from traditional film forms, structures and contents, experimental film works usually explore newm artistic expressions, challenge audiences aesthetic experiences, and provoke thoughts and discussions. These works may have a profound impact on niche and specific audience groups, promoting the innovation and development of film art.

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Xia, Zhi Lin. "Experimental Investigation on Laser Pretreatment of Optical Films." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3713.

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Optical films have been prepared on K9 glass by electronic beam evaporation. Parameters of S-polarized Nd: YAG laser used for pretreatment and damage tests are: wavelength is 355nm, pulse width is 8ns, and incidence angle is 33.75 degree. The results reflect that: the influence of laser pretreatment on laser induced damage threshold of films is uncertain. Laser pretreatment not always improve the laser induced damage threshold of films, and sometimes it will cause negative influence. As for damage probability, for a certain testing energy density, there is an energy density scope, pretreatment pulse with energy density in which can reduce the laser induced damage probability of films. The energy density of laser pretreatment pulse should be selected according to the serving conditions of films.

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Barr, Pippin. "Film Adaptation as Experimental Game Design." Arts 9, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9040103.

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Film adaptation is a popular approach to game design, but it prioritizes blockbuster films and conventional “game-like” qualities of those films, such as shooting, racing, or spatial exploration. This leads to adaptations that tend to use the aesthetics and narratives of films, but which miss out on potential design explorations of more complex cinematic qualities. In this article, I propose an experimental game design method that prioritizes an unconventional selection of films alongside strict game design constraints to explore tensions and affinities between cinema and videogames. By applying this design method and documenting the process and results, I am able both to present an experimental set of videogame film adaptations, along with potentially generative design and development themes. In the end, the project serves as an illustration of the nature of adaptation itself: a series of pointed compromises between the source and the new work.

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Slepkov, Aaron D. "Quantitative measurement of birefringence in transparent films across the visible spectrum." American Journal of Physics 90, no. 8 (August 2022): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0087798.

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Common transparent polymer films, such as cellophane and household tape, are frequently used as examples of birefringent materials in textbooks and classroom demonstrations. Qualitatively, birefringence is often demonstrated by layering such films between crossed-polarizers. In this work, we describe an inexpensive experimental setup for the quantitative measurement of birefringence in common household films, suitable for senior high school or undergraduate labs. Whereas traditional approaches for polarization-based classroom experiments typically use monochromatic laser light, we encourage the combined use of an incoherent incandescent light source and a portable spectrometer. In addition, we demonstrate how any concomitant thin-film interference effects can be used to separately measure the optical thickness in the most heterogeneous and uniform films. Such measurement can then be used as an independent experimental confirmation of either the film's index of refraction or its thickness, given knowledge of the other. In an effort to provide examples for the data analysis procedures as well as to investigate a range of materials, we measure the birefringence across the visible spectrum of six common household polymer films, including thin kitchen wrap, cellophane, gift basket film, and common adhesive tapes.

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Vassenden, F., and T. Holt. "Experimental Foundation for Relative Permeability Modeling of Foam." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3, no. 02 (April 1, 2000): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/62506-pa.

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Summary Optimization of foam treatments requires modeling or simulation of the process using a foam model that is capable of reproducing the critical properties of foam. In this work we present a simple model that is based on the relative permeability concept, and is well suited for simulation of foam processes with conventional or slightly modified numerical simulators. The model can unify understanding of a number of phenomena that characterizes foam flow. The validity of the model is substantiated by experimental data. A consistent interpretation of foam breakdown, shear thinning effects, permeability effects, and effects of system pressure is possible with the model for gas relative permeability in foam presented. Introduction Foam can be used in reservoir engineering for control of gas flow in reservoirs. By injection of gas and surfactant-containing water, foam can be generated in a formation, and the mobility of the gas be reduced. The macroscopic effect of a large number of foam films in the pore system is determined by the properties of the individual foam films, the number of foam films, and the properties of the three-dimensional network of open pores where gas can flow. One previous effort to model foam flow was the mechanistic approach, where these entities were accounted for explicity.1 Another approach was to identify all factors that influence macroscopic foam flow, and parameterize them in an empirical foam mobility function that reproduces experimental foam behavior.2 Important factors are flow rate, oil saturation, absolute permeability, foam quality, and surfactant concentration. The model presented here falls somewhere in between the mechanistic and the completely empirical approaches. Here, physical arguments are used to advocate a particular shape of the gas relative permeability curve to be used for foam flow, and physically reasonable rules for how this shape should change with changing flow conditions (rates, permeability, system pressure, etc.). The model presented is empirical in the sense that it requires calibration to laboratory data for a specific foam system. Its predictive power is improved compared to a purely empirical model; because a physically reasonable dependence of foam properties on flow conditions is built in, the number of degrees of freedom is reduced. Theory The assumption forming the basis for this work is that the relative permeability concept is equally accurate for the flow of the foam constituents, gas and surfactant solution, as it is for the flow of any other pair of phases. Because foam films contain water, moving films could potentially constitute an extra path for transport for water at a given water saturation. This would change the water relative permeability curve relative to that in the no-foam case. This does not seem to be the case however. Bernard et al.3 have shown that the relative permeability curve for surfactant solution in foam is equal to the curve for water in ordinary water-gas flow. This must mean that the water flows in the same channels whether there is foam in the porous medium or not, and that foam films transport only insignificant amounts of water, either because they do not move, or because they contain too little water. The foam films do influence the mobility of gas however. Foam films span the pore throats in the same manner as films span the ring of a children's toy bubble generator. Gas cannot flow through pore channels that contain films, unless the films move or rupture. Macroscopically, the mobility reduction of gas in porous media by foams is determined by the interplay among many films in many pore channels. The number of films per unit volume is believed to be given by a dynamic balance between film generation and rupture processes.1 The resulting effects on the gas relative permeability curve for foam is discussed next. Single Foam Films. Single foam films form the basis for understanding the behavior of foam in a porous medium. In the present work, the effects of both capillary pressure and of viscous pressure gradients on single foam films are considered. Capillary Pressure Effects. The theory for static film stability considers the forces acting between the two surfaces on each side of a water film. These forces are described by the disjoining pressure,4 ?, which varies with film thickness. Parallel to the definition of capillary pressure, Pc as the difference between pressures in the gas and water phases over a curved interface, the disjoining pressure is the difference between gas and water pressures over a flat film surface, caused by interactions between the two film surfaces. The water pressure in a thin film can be expressed by pg ?? where pg is the gas pressure outside the film. Elsewhere in the pore, the water pressure is pg?P c. As long as Pc>? the water pressure in the film exceeds that of the surrounding water, and the resulting pressure gradient drives water out of the film. A pressure balance is obtained at the thickness where Pc=?.5 In this theory, foam films are supposed to rupture whenever the capillary pressure in the porous medium exceeds the maximum disjoining pressure that the films exhibit. Rupture of thin liquid films by the application of high capillary pressures can be observed in studies of single films.5 Viscous Pressure Gradients. A foam film that is stable against capillary drainage will not necessarily block gas flow. Such films may flow or rupture because of the viscous pressure gradient, like a film in a bubble toy that is blown too hard. This is because there is a geometrical limit to the pressure drop a static film can support. Over a single film that blocks gas flow, there will be a pressure difference, pg1? pg2, generated by gas flow elsewhere in the porous medium. The pressure drop can be related to the pore geometry and the surface tension of the surfactant solution, ?, through the Young-Laplace equation, which states that p g 1 − p g 2 = 4 Î³ s i n α / r . ( 1 ) The geometrical parameters, r and ?, are defined in Fig. 1. The film is in mechanical equilibrium when the angle between the film and the pore wall is 90°. The group ?/r will have a local maximum in every pore. If the pressure drop exceeds the value corresponding to the maximum ?/r the film cannot remain in that pore, and it will flow and jump to the next pore. This will lead to flow of gas in the pore: either the flow that accompanies film movement, or, if the film ruptures during the jump, the flow that will take place in an open pore. Foams at the Limiting Capillary Pressure. From the existence of a maximum disjoining pressure for foam films, consequences for the macroscopic behavior of foams in porous media can be deduced.6

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7

Brinckmann, Christine Noll. "Images of the City in Recent Experimental Films." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 18, no. 1 (1985): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.1985.1869.

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Cinq films expérimentaux, trois américains et deux allemands ont été présentés en vue de montrer comment la ville peut devenir un sujet cinématographique à différents égards : soit en représentant la réalité, soit en sélectionnant certains aspects de la réalité, soit en transformant la réalité urbaine d’un point de vue structurel, rythmique, lyrique, etc. Les films visionnés étaient les suivants : Peter Hutton’s New York portrait Chapter 1 (1977-78) ; Ernie Gehr’s Shift (1972-74) ; David Rimmer’s Real Italian pizza (1971) ; Noll Brinckmann’s The West village meat market (1979) et Upholstered furniture in the open air (1984).

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8

Kanai, Y., and S. H. Charap. "Experimental investigation of Fe‐(SiO2) granular films." Journal of Applied Physics 69, no. 8 (April 15, 1991): 4478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348956.

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9

Cazabat, A. M., U. Delabre, C. Richard, and Y. Yip Cheung Sang. "Experimental study of hybrid nematic wetting films." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 168, no. 1-2 (October 2011): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.01.001.

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10

Sharma, N., M. Hooda, and S. K. Sharma. "Stresses in thin films: an experimental study." Indian Journal of Physics 93, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-018-1281-6.

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11

Holloway, Mathilda. "Experimental science-fiction films as filmic heterotopia." Cross-cultural studies review 3, no. 5-6 (April 22, 2023): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/ccsr.3.5-6.7.

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This paper questions the concept of the possible heterotopia of cinema by making a creative reading of a corpus of contemporary experimental science-fiction films. We think heterotopia in direct relation to utopia. If utopia can be linked to a form of thought, then heterotopia would be a form of realised or achievable utopia. Heterotopian action would then allow us to experiment subversive, if not new social configurations, where utopian thought allows us to dream of better (or at least other) societies. We propose to look at these issues starting from experimental science-fiction films. The aesthetic and narrative resorts as well as the modes of production of works like Slow Action and Urth by Ben Rivers, Meteor by Mathias Müller and Christoph Girardet, Momoko Seto’s Planet Series or Jérôme Cognet’s Guerilla Hubble, indeed offer us with an audiovisual experience that invites us to re-evaluate our human relation to the world by appealing to our capacity for imagination and by stimulating our free will, notably through their staging of historicity and multiplicity.

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12

SHARMA, H., and Y. C. SHARMA. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF BISMUTH SELENIDE THIN FILMS." Chalcogenide Letters 17, no. 4 (April 2020): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2020.174.173.

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Developing high efficient energy materials with low toxicity is present need of research. Today bismuth selenide, a topological insulator has attracted great attention due to its electrical properties. Solid samples of bismuth selenide of different elemental ratio of Bi/Se have been prepared by solid state reaction and thin films of these solid sample have been deposited on glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique. Transport properties of bismuth selenide thin films were investigated. Electric properties of these films were studied by Hall measurements. A comparative study among different thin films along with annealing effect has been reported.

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Wu, Xiao Li, Yu Zhen Yuan, Han Fa Liu, and Yun Yan Liu. "Effect of the Sputtering Presser on Structural and Optoelectrical Properties of ZnO: Ga Films Deposited on Flexible Substrates by DC Magnetron Sputtering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.90.

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Transparent conducting Ga-doped ZnO (ZnO∶Ga) thin films with high transparency and relatively low resistivity have been successfully prepared on ZnO-buffered Polyimide (PI) by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Structural, morphological, stress, optical and electrical proerties of ZnO∶Ga films are investigated. Experimental results show that all the deposited films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal structure and a preferred orientation perpendicular to the substrates along the c-axis. Sputtering pressure plays an important role on the electrical resistivity of flexible ZnO∶Ga films. When sputteting pressure increases from 2 Pa to 6 Pa, the resistivity of the deposited films initially decreases and then slightly increases. At the optimum sputtering pressure of 4 Pa, the lowest resistivity of 4.3×10-4Ω•㎝ is obtained. All the filma present a high transmittance over 90％ in limit spectral range.

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C. Maciel, Cristiane, Jéssica S. Rodrigues, Amanda S. M. de Freitas, and Marystela Ferreira. "Study of Antimicrobial Property of Spices in Starch Films: An Experimental Proposal." Revista Virtual de Química 12, no. 5 (2020): 1236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20200098.

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Schultes, Günter, Hanna Schmid-Engel, Silvan Schwebke, and Ulf Werner. "Granular metal–carbon nanocomposites as piezoresistive sensor films – Part 1: Experimental results and morphology." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-1-2018.

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Abstract. We have produced granular films based on carbon and different transition metals by means of plasma deposition processes. Some of the films possess an increased strain sensitivity compared to metallic films. They respond to strain almost linearly with gauge factors of up to 30 if strained longitudinally, while in the transverse direction about half of the effect is still measured. In addition, the film's thermal coefficient of resistance is adjustable by the metal concentration. The influence of metal concentration was investigated for the elements Ni, Pd, Fe, Pt, W, and Cr, while the elements Co, Au, Ag, Al, Ti, and Cu were studied briefly. Only Ni and Pd have a pronounced strain sensitivity at 55 ± 5 at. % (atomic percent) of metal, among which Ni–C is far more stable. Two phases are identified by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction: metal-containing nanocolumns densely packed in a surrounding carbon phase. We differentiate three groups of metals, due to their respective affinity to carbon. It turns out that only nickel has the capability to bond and form a stable and closed encapsulation of GLC around each nanoparticle. In this structure, the electron transport is in part accomplished by tunneling processes across the basal planes of the graphitic encapsulation. Hence, we hold these tunneling processes responsible for the increased gauge factors of Ni–C composites. The other elements are unable to form graphitic encapsulations and thus do not exhibit elevated gauge factors.

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Singh, Amit Kumar, and Ashwani Kumar. "Experimental Techniques for the Characterization of Magnetic Thin Films." Prabha Materials Science Letters 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 146–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/pmsl.2024.3.1.010.

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This review article describes the various experimental techniques, which are required for the characterization of magnetic thin films. Characterization is an essential process to understand the properties of magnetic thin films. By knowing the properties of these materials, one can utilize them in various technological applications as per requirements. There are different characterization tools to study the different properties of nanostructured materials. Some important experimental techniques employed to characterize the magnetic thin films are: X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray reflectivity, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive spectrometer, Transmission electron microscopy, Superconducting quantum interference device, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy etc. These techniques will develop a better understanding of the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the materials to the scientific community. The discussion made in the present review article would be extremely helpful to the researchers who are doing research in the various branches of science and engineering.

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Zdrok, Anna, Sergey Artishchev, and Anton Loschilov. "Experimental research of plotter printing of HIC thick-film conductors." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193007004.

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The results of complex studies of the plotter printing technology of conductors intended for the manufacture of thick-film HIC are presented. The profile and geometry of the films were investigated. The electrical and mechanical parameters of the films were measured.

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Ren, Nai Fei, Qiu Yue Chen, Mei Ling Xu, and Wei Feng Jin. "Experimental Investigation of Ultrafast Thermalization Dynamics on Nickel Thin Films." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.370.

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In order to break the limitation of the speed of magnetic installation due to magnetic layer transfer characteristics, the ultrafast thermalization dynamic of Ni films and its composite films were studied by femtosecond laser pump-probe technique. The paper focuses on the research of the effect of cooling layer and annealing on the transient reflectivity curves. And the transient reflectivity signals of Ni films prepared under different parameters were measured. The results show that the cooling layer with the larger electron heat capacity constant and the stronger electron-phonon coupling constant can enhance the scattering efficiency of transient heat conduction. Compared to the unannealed sample, the composite film sample after annealing has faster recovery process.

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Li, Chuan, Jang-Hsing Hsieh, and Y. R. Chuang. "Experimental Investigation on the Sputtering Process for Tantalum Oxynitride Thin Films." Photonics 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8020053.

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Metal oxynitrides are compounds between nitrides and oxides with a certain level of photocatalytic functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate an appropriate range of oxygen flow rate during sputtering for depositing tantalum oxynitride films. The sputtering process was carried out under fixed nitrogen but variable oxygen flow rates. Post rapid thermal annealing was conducted at 800 °C for 5 min to transform the as-deposited amorphous films into crystalline phases. The material characterizations of annealed films include X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy for identifying crystal structures; scanning electron microscope for examining surface morphology; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to determine surface elemental compositions; four-point probe and Hall effect analysis to evaluate electrical resistivity; UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy for quantifying optical properties and optical bandgaps. To assess the photocatalytic function of oxynitride films, the degradation of methyl orange in de-ionized water was examined under continuous irradiation by a simulated solar light source for six hours. Results indicate that crystalline tantalum oxynitride films can be obtained if the O2 flow rate is chosen to be 0.25–1.5 sccm along with 10 sccm of N2 and 20 sccm of Ar. In particular, films deposited between 0.25 and 1.5 sccm O2 flow have higher efficiency in photodegradation on methyl orange due to a more comprehensive formation of oxynitrides.

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Kaufmann, M., M. Mantler, and F. Weber. "Analysis of Thin Films and Multi-Layer Thin Films containing Light Elements by XRF." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800023144.

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Analysis of multi-layer thin films by XRF, using the fundamental parameter method, is a common and accurate method to determine thicknesses and chemical structure, as long as the films contain no hght elements. As an attempt to further extend the method, we present experimental results from single layer films made of carbon and silicon nitride with thicknesses ranging from 100 Å to 1000 Å, from single layer films of cobalt and oxygen matrices with varying oxygen concentration, and from complex multi-layer structures made of a combination of palladium, copper and carbon. The experimental data show a significant deviation from the results computed by the standard fundamental parameter method.

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Sánchez Manzano, Miriam. "A Queer Approach to Illness in the Experimental Films of Barbara Hammer." Comparative Cinema 11, no. 21 (December 29, 2023): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/10.31009/cc.2023.v11.i21.05.

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Since the 1970s, Barbara Hammer has been known for experimental films that recount and explore the lesbian experience through the body. Her extensive filmography also includes films that deal with illness, aging, and mortality. Especially notable are her films informed by the HIV epidemic in the 1980s and 1990s, and by her ovarian cancer diagnosis in 2006. This article offers a comparative analysis of six of Hammer’s films that explore illness, taking a phenomenological and biopolitical approach to the images she presents to the viewer. The article concludes that Hammer’s somatic, tactile, and kinesthetic filmmaking approach establishes an affective and therapeutic queer gaze on the diseased body, de-pathologizing and de-instrumentalizing it in the cinematic medium.

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Minyong Jang. "A Study of Experimental Films of Ernie Gehr." journal of the moving image technology associon of korea 1, no. 28 (June 2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34269/mitak.2018.1.28.002.

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Veena, G., and Blaise Lobo. "Experimental investigations on Nano Titania - Polyacrylamide Composite Films." JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 66, no. 01 (2022): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2022.660130.

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Simonov, I. V., and I. M. Smirnov. "Experimental studies of crack dynamics in polymer films." Mechanics of Solids 45, no. 3 (June 2010): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0025654410030180.

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Dammann, C., I. Caylak, and R. Mahnken. "Experimental Investigation of PC-Films Using Optical Measurements." International Polymer Processing 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2848.

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Janusas, Tomas, Giedrius Janusas, Arvydas Palevicius, and Justas Ciganas. "Synthesis and experimental investigation of PZT nanocomposite films." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 715 (January 3, 2020): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/715/1/012058.

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Metzner, H., Th Hahn, M. Gossla, J. Conrad, and J. H. Bremer. "Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy of rough films: Experimental aspects." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 134, no. 2 (February 1998): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00556-4.

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Sathasivam, Sanjayan, Benjamin A. D. Williamson, Andreas Kafizas, Shaeel A. Althabaiti, Abdullah Y. Obaid, Sulaiman N. Basahel, David O. Scanlon, Claire J. Carmalt, and Ivan P. Parkin. "Computational and Experimental Study of Ta2O5 Thin Films." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11073.

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Knappe, S., C. Elster, and H. Koch. "Optimization of niobium thin films by experimental design." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 15, no. 4 (July 1997): 2158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.580528.

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Megat Ahmad, M. M. H., D. T. Gethin, T. C. Claypole, and B. J. Roylance. "Numerical and experimental investigation into porous squeeze films." Tribology International 31, no. 4 (April 1998): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-679x(98)00021-8.

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Alghamdi, Hawazin, Olasunbo Z. Farinre, Mathew L. Kelley, Adam J. Biacchi, Dipanjan Saha, Tehseen Adel, Kerry Siebein, et al. "Experimental Spectroscopic Data of SnO2 Films and Powder." Data 8, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data8020037.

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Powders and films composed of tin dioxide (SnO2) are promising candidates for a variety of high-impact applications, and despite the material’s prevalence in such studies, it remains of high importance that commercially available materials meet the quality demands of the industries that these materials would most benefit. Imaging techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), were used in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to assess the quality of a variety of samples, such as powder and thin film on quartz with thicknesses of 41 nm, 78 nm, 97 nm, 373 nm, and 908 nm. In this study, the dependencies of the corresponding Raman, XPS, and SEM analysis results on properties of the samples, like the thickness and form (powder versus film) are determined. The outcomes achieved can be regarded as a guide for performing quality checks of such products, and as reference to evaluate commercially available samples.

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Powers, G. W., and J. R. Collier. "Experimental modeling of solvent-casting thin polymer films." Polymer Engineering and Science 30, no. 2 (January 1990): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300208.

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Gurushankar, K., M. Grishina, M. Gohulkumar, and K. Kannan. "Computational and experimental studies on SnO2 thin films at various temperatures." Computer Optics 47, no. 1 (February 2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-1151.

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Tin oxide (SnO2) thin films was prepared by dip-coating technique at various bath temperatures (313, 333, 353 and 373 K) and annealed at 673 K in this study. And the obtained results were studied and correlated with the computational method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation demonstrated that the prepared samples are spherical with agglomeration. The elemental analysis (EDAX) confirms the presence of Sn and O. Further, the SnO2 thin films microstructures are simulated, their thermodynamic and surface properties have been calculated. Micro-Raman spectra were recorded for the prepared samples. Micro-Raman results exhibit the first-order Raman mode E1gsub> (475 cm−1) indicating that the grown SnO2 belongs to the rutile structure. In addition, the envelope method used for studying optical characteristics of the thin films from the transmittance spectra. The semiconducting nature of the films has been noticed from linear I-V characteristics. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity studies suggest that the highest conductivity samples acquire the lowest activation energy and their values are also in the semiconducting range.

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Nazemian, M., M. Chamani, and M. Baghani. "A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effect of Surface Roughness on Nanoindentation." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 07 (August 2019): 1950070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500704.

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Gold and copper thin films are widely used in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) devices. Nanoindentation has been developed in mechanical characterization of thin films in recent years. Several researchers have examined the effect of surface roughness on nanoindentation results. It is proved that the surface roughness has great importance in nanoindentation of thin films. In this paper, the surface topography of thin films is simulated using the extracted data from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Nanoindentation on a rough surface is simulated using a three-dimensional finite-element model. The results are compared with the results of finite-element analysis on a smooth surface and the experimental results. The results revealed that the surface roughness plays a key role in nanoindentation of thin films, especially at low indentation depths. There was good compatibility between the results of finite-element simulation on the rough surface and those of experiments. It is observed that on rough films, at low indentation depths, the geometry of the location where the nanoindentation is performed is of major importance.

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Fang, Jium, Maw Tyan Sheen, and Ming Der Jean. "Analysis of Surface Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon Films by a Sputtering Deposition." Advanced Materials Research 662 (February 2013): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.505.

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A new approach with adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) based on experimental designs was used to model and characterize the tribological behaviors of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by a magnetron sputtering system. An orthogonal array experiment was introduced and the effects of deposited parameters on the films were systematically explored. The films were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, a group of highly developed hillock-like textures appeared and a lower wear volume loss became visible in the DLC films. Furthermore, the predicted values and experimental results, in which the ANFIS effectively predicts the tribological behaviors of the DLC films, are similar. It was experimentally confirmed the ANFIS predictions agreed with the experiments. Therefore, the experimental results demonstrate the tribological properties on DLC multilayer films are accurately predicted by ANFIS, thereby justifying the reliability and feasibility of the approach.

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Zhang, Weiguang, Jijun Li, Yongming Xing, Xiaomeng Nie, Fengchao Lang, Shiting Yang, Xiaohu Hou, and Chunwang Zhao. "Experimental Study on the Thickness-Dependent Hardness of SiO2 Thin Films Using Nanoindentation." Coatings 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010023.

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SiO2 thin films are widely used in micro-electro-mechanical systems, integrated circuits and optical thin film devices. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to studying the preparation technology and optical properties of SiO2 thin films, but little attention has been paid to their mechanical properties. Herein, the surface morphology of the 500-nm-thick, 1000-nm-thick and 2000-nm-thick SiO2 thin films on the Si substrates was observed by atomic force microscopy. The hardnesses of the three SiO2 thin films with different thicknesses were investigated by nanoindentation technique, and the dependence of the hardness of the SiO2 thin film with its thickness was analyzed. The results showed that the average grain size of SiO2 thin film increased with increasing film thickness. For the three SiO2 thin films with different thicknesses, the same relative penetration depth range of ~0.4–0.5 existed, above which the intrinsic hardness without substrate influence can be determined. The average intrinsic hardness of the SiO2 thin film decreased with the increasing film thickness and average grain size, which showed the similar trend with the Hall-Petch type relationship.

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Nassir, Lamis Faaz, and Mohammed Hadi Shinen. "Study of Electrical Properties of PMMA/P3HT Films." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.3.nq22039.

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The influence of P3HT particles on the electrical characteristics of the polymer PMMA is investigated in this paper. The spin coating process was used to prepare samples of (PMMA-P3HT) thin films, the weight of P3HT are (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) wt. %. The D.C. electrical conductivity of the (PMMA-P3HT) thin film is revealed by the experimental results increases with rising temperature, whereas the activation energy of the (PMMA-P3HT) thin film decreases with increasing concentrations of the(P3HT)thin films.

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Paramonova, Ekaterina, Vladimir Bystrov, Xiangjian Meng, Hong Shen, Jianlu Wang, and Vladimir Fridkin. "Polarization Switching in 2D Nanoscale Ferroelectrics: Computer Simulation and Experimental Data Analysis." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091841.

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The polarization switching kinetics of nanosized ferroelectric crystals and the transition between homogeneous and domain switching in nanoscale ferroelectric films are considered. Homogeneous switching according to the Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire (LGD) theory is possible only in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics. The main condition for the applicability of the LGD theory in such systems is its homogeneity along the polarization switching direction. A review is given of the experimental results for two-dimensional (2D) films of a ferroelectric polymer, nanosized barium titanate nanofilms, and hafnium oxide-based films. For ultrathin 2D ferroelectric polymer films, the results are confirmed by first-principle calculations. Fitting of the transition region from homogeneous to domain switching by sigmoidal Boltzmann functions was carried out. Boltzmann function fitting data enabled us to correctly estimate the region sizes of the homogeneous switching in which the LGD theory is valid. These sizes contain several lattice constants or monolayers of a nanosized ferroelectrics.

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EFEOGLU, Ihsan. "Determining Optimum Parameters for Adhesion Properties of Ta-DLC Films Using Taguchi Experimental Design." Brilliant Engineering 1, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2020.001.001.

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DLC films have high biocompatibility. But due to low adhesion, the element must be doped. Therefore, in this study, the high biocompatibility Ta element was doped into DLC film and optimum parameters for the adhesion of Ta-DLC films were determined. The Taguchi experimental system was used to determine the optimum parameters. Ta target current, substrate bias voltage and duty cycle were selected as variable parameters. The deposition was performed with HiPIMS-CFUBMS system. Ta-DLC films were grown on Ti6Al4V substrates using Taguchi L9 34 orthogonal experimental system. The optimum deposition parameters for critical load of Ta-DLC films are 3A, -80V and %5 for Ta target current, substrate bias voltage and duty cycle, respectively.

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Larsson, Mikael, Johan B. Lindén, Simarpreet Kaur, Brock Le Cerf, and Ivan Kempson. "Cu K-edge XANES: polymer, organic, inorganic spectra, and experimental considerations." Powder Diffraction 32, S2 (July 27, 2017): S28—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715617000756.

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In pursuit of design and characterisation of Cu adsorbing in thin films, we present data from a large variety of Cu-K edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) spectra obtained from organic and inorganic standards. Additionally, we have explored the impact of beam damage inducing redox alterations. Polymer nanoparticles were tested against films to produce higher concentration samples while maintaining high surface area to bulk effects. Spectra from nanoparticles were highly comparable to thin films of ~8 nm thickness, implying comparable contributions by surface effects on copper association. Finally, we observed no impact on Cu XANES spectra from vitrification with dimethyl sulfoxide to produce amorphous frozen, hydrated samples. The spectra should act as a valuable resource in assisting the design of experiments and identification of copper associations.

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Pan, Hai Bin, Yuan Tian, Guang Gui Cheng, and Li Qiang Guo. "Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Annealing on Resistivity of Boron-Doped Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 1883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1883.

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Boron-doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Microstructures of these films were characterized and analyzed by Raman spectrum and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thickness and resistivity of these films was measured by high-resolution profilometer and four-point probe respectively. The impact of annealing on boron-doped nc-Si:H thin films’ resistivity and the relationship between resistivity and microstructure were investigated. The results show that annealing and the annealing temperature have great impact on resistivity of nc-Si:H thin films as a result of microstructures changing after annealing. Resistivity of nc-Si:H thin films decreases after annealing, but it rises with the increasing annealing temperature in the range of 250°C to 400°C.

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42

Alshabanat, Mashael Nasser, and Murefah M. AL-Anazy. "An Experimental Study of Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Using Polymer Nanocomposite Films." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9651850.

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Eco-friendly polymer nanocomposite films were synthesized using biodegradable polymers of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol as polymeric matrices and carbon black nanoparticles as the reinforcement. These films were applied to study their applicability to industrial wastewater purification as a photocatalyst for degradation of Congo red as a target pollutant and to study the effect of the polymeric matrix types of the films on their performance as a semiconductor photocatalyst. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the films. Visible light photocatalytic degradation of Congo red as a pollutant under various operational conditions of pH, dye concentration, contact time, and light intensity was performed. Photocatalytic results revealed that the polymeric substrate type does not play a major role in the photodegradation of the dye, and the best operational conditions were at a pH of 6 and a dye solution concentration of 8 mg/L.

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43

Choudhury, Devika, Gopalan Rajaraman, and Shaibal K. Sarkar. "Stability of molecular layer deposited zincone films: experimental and theoretical exploration." RSC Advances 5, no. 38 (2015): 29947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02928g.

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Sun, Shuang Shuang, and Jing Dong. "Simulation on Uniaxial-Tension Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Films." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1209.

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Based on experimental results reported in the reference, Liang-Rogers’ constitutive model for SMA is used to simulate the stress-strain curves of NiTi shape memory alloy films under uniaxial tension with isothermal conditions. The effects of film compositions and temperature on the tensile behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy films are discussed. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental results, it is found that the simulation curves agree basically with the experimental curves except that the phase-transformation regions are wider in the simulation curves. This demonstrates that the Liang-Rogers’ model can be used to predict the thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloy films roughly. This study provides some theoretical foundation for the quantitative description and prediction of the actuation mechanism when shape memory alloy films are used as micro-actuators.

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45

Jeng, Y. R., C. M. Tan, C. C. Su, S. C. Cheng, and C. Y. Cheng. "Experimental Study on the Nanoindentation of Thin Copper Films from Deep Submicron to Nano-Scale." Journal of Mechanics 28, no. 3 (August 9, 2012): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2012.60.

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AbstractThis study uses the nanoindentation technique to evaluate the mechanical properties of thin copper films at indentation depths measured in the order of nanometers. Copper films with various thicknesses are deposited on a single crystal silicon wafer with a (100) orientation and on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate, respectively. The experimental results show that for soft thin films on a hard substrate, the substrate effect is negligible when the indentation depth is less than 20% of the film thickness. However, the results suggest that hard films on a soft substrate should be treated as a composite system in indentation because the substrate effect is significant. Finally, the results reveal that a significant indentation size effect exists for thin films with a thickness of less than 100nm. A number of possible reasons for the depth dependence of the hardness properties at ultra-shallow indentation depths are proposed and discussed.

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46

Kishen Karumbaiah, B. J., T. Basava, K. S. Nithin, and S. Sachhidananda. "Development and experimental characterization study of cesium doped zinc oxide polymer conductive films for sensing applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2748, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2748/1/012005.

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Abstract In this research study we report the successful preparation of cesium doped zinc metal oxide nanoparticles by solution combustion technique further incorporated into polyurethane films synthesized from bio-degradable castor oil, for study of piezo-conductive property. The composite films prepared with filler weight percentages of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 are studied for structural, mechanical, thermal, electro-mechanical and weatherability properties. Studies revealed successful formation of urethane links and good dispersion of nanoparticles in the prepared films. Films under tensile and compression loading showed promising electro active results with maximum volume conductivity values of 1.226E−7Scm−1 at 30N compression load. The developed films show good compatibility to be employed in corrosive and acidic environments with safe working temperature upto 160°C.

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Ostmeier, Dorothee. "The Aesthetic Hyper-Object in Experimental Short Film Practices: Lina Sieckmann and Miriam Gossing’s Art Documentaries." Konturen 12 (2022): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/uo/konturen.12.0.4915.

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Short experimental films by the German female director duo Lina Sieckmann und Miriam Gossing put domestic environments on cinematic display in new and challenging ways. The essay discusses the links between the films’ documentary agendas, surreal visual montages, and poetic feminine voice-overs. Selected films are placed into dialogues with Michael Renov’s concept of aesthetics in documentary film and Timothy Morton’s notion of the “hyperobject.” This theoretical framework highlights the tensions between the films’ powerful aesthetics and feminine queer desire as they decenter socially ingrained dualisms.

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48

Lai, Heng, Zhi Gao Huang, Rongquan Gai, Shui Yuan Chen, and You Wei Du. "Dynamics of Magnetization Reversal in Thin Polycrystalline Co Films." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2263.

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The thin polycrystalline Co films with different annealed time were prepared by magnetron sputtering method. XRD and hysteresis loops of the samples were measured. A mean field equation with Heisenberg model for calculating dynamic scaling was derived. The experimental and simulated results indicate that, the scaling law, A=A0+H0 a ω b, describes well dynamic magnetization along easy and hard axes for the anisotropy magnetic films; the anisotropy scaling exponents exist clearly in the anisotropy films; the simulated results are consistent with the experimental those.

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Li Mu, 李牧, 张黎 Zhang Li, 罗飞 Luo Fei, 赵剑衡 Zhao Jianheng, and 孙承纬 Sun Chengwei. "Experimental Research on The Ablation of Lamination Composite Films." Applied laser 30, no. 1 (2010): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/al20103001.0010.

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Ahmad, Ahmad A., A. B. Migdadi, Ahmad M. Alsaad, I. A. Qattan, Qais M. Al-Bataineh, and Ahmad Telfah. "Computational and experimental characterizations of annealed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films." Heliyon 8, no. 1 (January 2022): e08683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08683.

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