Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Experimental epilepsy'
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Bukataru, Y. S. "Non-genetic experimental models of epilepsy." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18492.
Full textFALCICCHIA, Chiara. "BDNF delivery strategies in an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388988.
Full textYaghouby, Farid. "EXPERIMENTAL-COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF VIGILANCE DYNAMICS FOR APPLICATIONS IN SLEEP AND EPILEPSY." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/32.
Full textGiussani, Giorgia. "Observational and experimental studies on the diagnosis and outcome of epilepsy and epileptogenic conditions : investigating the static and dynamic phenotype of epilepsy." Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/53914/.
Full textPereira, Pedro Miguel Miranda Sousa Gonçalves. "Severity and extent of tissue damage in human and experimental temporal lobe epilepsy." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7259.
Full textPereira, Pedro Miguel Miranda Sousa Gonçalves. "Severity and extent of tissue damage in human and experimental temporal lobe epilepsy." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7259.
Full textBumanglag, Argyle V. "INJURY-INDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL EPILEPTOGENESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY IN THE RAT." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146070.
Full textKinjo, Erika Reime. "Conexinas na epilepsia experimental induzida por pilocarpina: abordagem molecular e eletrofisiológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-19032012-142510/.
Full textIn this study, the hippocampal protein and mRNA levels of Cx43 and Cx36 were investigated in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In addition, the effects of a gap junction (GJ) blocker (carbenoxolone-CBX) on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) were also evaluated by electrophysiological recordings. Our results on Cx43 showed reduction of protein levels in the latent period (p<0.05) and increase in the chronic period of the model (p<0.01), whereas no changes were observed in the mRNA levels. Both protein and mRNA levels of Cx36 showed no changes. The electrophysiological recordings indicated that CBX promoted a marked reduction of power in the 15-30 Hz electrocorticographic frequency. Decrease in the amplitude of the epileptiform potentials was also seen, in addition to anticipation of occurrence of flat periods in the group treated with CBX. Data obtained from this study suggest an important role for GJ channels in the pilocarpine-induced TLE, contributing to a greater understanding of the regulation of these channels in the epilepsy.
Nicholls, Briony Rachel. "An investigation into the long-term effects of experimental limbic epilepsy of exploratory behaviour of rats." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240652.
Full textOkuma, Chihiro. "Studies on mechanisms of antiepilepsy and antiobesity in experimental animal models." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215225.
Full textTROMBIN, FEDERICA. "Mechanisms of ictogenesis in an experimental model of temporal lobe seizures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/11032.
Full textPelagio, Fernanda Campos. "Participação do oxido nitrico no modelo experimental de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina e sua relação com o efeito da atividade fisica voluntaria sobre a memoria espacial de camundongos." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314230.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pelagio_FernandaCampos_M.pdf: 2325912 bytes, checksum: b882bbc6cb8bd3261f16270af154e45f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A atividade física contribui positivamente para a plasticidade cerebral facilitando processos neuroadaptativos e neuroprotetores. Diversos estudos relatam os efeitos positivos da prática de atividade física sobre os processos de aprendizado e memória. Indução de status epilepticus (SE) por pilocarpina provoca lesão na formação hipocampal e distúrbios de memória. O óxido nítrico (NO) tem participação nos processos neurais de aprendizado e memória. Recentemente, evidências apontam para uma provável participação do NO nos mecanismos intracelulares de pró-sobrevivência ativados pela atividade física. Por outro lado, diversos estudos sugerem um possível envolvimento do NO na fisiopatologia da epilepsia. Entretanto, estes estudos são controversos e não esclarecem o papel do NO nas crises epiléticas. Assim, o presente trabalho investigou a participação do óxido nítrico no modelo experimental de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina e sua relação com o efeito da atividade física voluntária sobre a memória espacial. Camundongos Swiss adultos foram submetidos à indução SE por pilocarpina (P) e então sacrificados: 1 dia (1d), 7 dias (7d), 21 dias (21d) e 35 dias (35d) após SE. Os animais controles (Ct) foram tratados com salina e sacrificados nos mesmos tempos. Os animais anestesiados e em seguida sacrificados 35d após SE foram denominados: controle corredor (CtC), pilo corredor (PC), controle sedentário (CtS) e pilo sedentário (PS). Dois dias após SE, os animais do grupo PC e CtC tiveram acesso livre à roda de corrida durante 28 dias. Após este período, os animais dos grupos CtS, CtR, PS e PR foram testados no labirinto aquático (LA) para avaliação da memória de referência espacial. Quatro animais dos grupos CtS, CtC, PS e PC foram perfundidos com paraformaldeído e os cérebros removidos e processados histologicamente. Cortes frontais do cérebro (5µm) foram obtidos para avaliar a lesão tecidual (coloração de Nissl) e analisar a distribuição dos neurônios nitrérgicos (nNOS) na formação hipocampal dorsal. Outros cinco animais de cada grupo foram decapitados, o hipocampo rapidamente dissecado e congelado em nitrogênio líquido. Homogenato de hipocampo foi utilizado para a avaliação da atividade da NOS dependentes (dNOS) e independente de Ca2+ (iNOS), pela técnica da [3H]-L-Arginina e para a análise da expressão protéica da nNOS por Western blotting. Os animais dos grupos PS e PC apresentaram lesão neuronal e neurodegeneração que não diferiram entre sedentários e corredores. Os animais do grupo PC apresentaram desempenho no teste do LA superior ao registrado no PS e similar ao registrado nos CtS e CtC. Os grupos que sofreram indução de SE apresentaram redução da atividade da dNOS 1 dia após SE que se acentuou com o tempo. A expressão da nNOS reduziu 1 e 7 dias após o SE quando comparado ao grupo controle. A atividade da iNOS não se alterou 1 dia e 7 dias após SE, mas exibiu significativo aumento no grupo P21d quando comparado com respectivo controle. A atividade da dNOS nos grupos PS e PC não diferiram e foram inferiores às observadas nos CtS e CtC. A expressão da nNOS não diferiu entre os grupos CtS, CtC, PS e PC, contudo o grupo PC apresentou uma tendência à redução da expressão da nNOS. Por fim, nossos resultados mostraram que os efeitos positivos da atividade física sobre a memória dos animais PC resultou da ativação de mecanismos moleculares talvez não diretamente mediados por NO. Além disso, nossos dados confirmam a importante participação do NO nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da epilepsia e mostraram que as isoformas da NOS responsáveis pela sua produção são diferentemente afetadas pelo SE
Abstract: Physical activity contributes to brain plasticity, facilitating neuroadaptive and neuroprotective processes. Many studies show the positive effects of physical activitypractice in process of learning and memory. Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) causes injury in hippocampal formation and disturbance in memory. Nitric oxide (NO) participates in neural processes of learning and memory. Recently, evidences showed a probable involvement of NO in pro-survival intracellular mechanisms activated by physical activity. On the other hand, several studies have suggested a possible role of NO in epilepsy pathophysiology. However, these studies have produced controversial results and do not explain the role of NO in epileptic seizures. Therefore, the present work investigated NO participation in experimental model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine in mice and its relationship with voluntary physical activity effects on spatial memory. Swiss adult mice were submitted to pilocarpine-induced SE (P) and sacrificed after 1day (1d), 7 days (7d), 21 days (21d) or 35 days (35d). Control animals (Ct) were treated with saline and sacrificed in the same time point. The animals sacrificed 35d after SE were named as control runner (CtR), pilo runner (PR), control sedentary (CtS) and pilo sedentary (PS). Two days after SE, the animals of PR and CtR group had access to a running wheel for 28 days. After that, CtS, CtR, PS and PR group¿s animals were tested in water maze (WM) for the referential spatial memory evaluation. Four animals of CtS, CtR, PS and PR groups were perfused with paraformaldehyde and their brains were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Frontal sections of brains (5µm) were obtained for analysis of tissue damage (Nissl staining) and nitrergic neurons distribution (nNOS) in dorsal hippocampal formation. Moreover, hippocampus from five animals of each group were rapidly dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Homogenates of hippocampus were used to evaluate the activity of calcium-dependent (dNOS) and calcium-independent (iNOS) NOS isoforms by [3H]-Larginine 's technique and the neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression by Western blotting. Animals of PS and PR groups showed neuronal damage and neurodegeneration that did not differ between sedentaries and runners. In WM test, animals of PR group had better performance than PS and similar performance to the registered in CtS and CtR. Pilo's group showed a reduction of dNOS activity 1 day after SE, this reduction increased along the time. Moreover, nNOS expression reduced 1 day and to 7 days after SE when compared to control groups. iNOS activity did not change at 1 day and 7 days after SE, but it increased in P21d group when compared with respective control group. dNOS activity results were similar between PS e PR groups and these were lower than CtS and CtR. nNOS expression was similar in the CtS, CtR, PS and PR groups. However, PR group showed a shift to reduction of nNOS expression. Finally, our data showed that positive effects of physical activity on memory in PR group resulted from molecular mechanisms activation that maybe are not directly mediated by NO. Moreover, our work confirm the important of NO participation in epilepsy pathophysiological mechanisms and also showed that NOS isoforms responsible for NO production are differently affected by SE
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Tessarin, Gestter Willian Lattari. "Avaliação da teneurina-2 em astrócitos reativos no modelo experimental de epilepsia induzida com cloreto de lítio-cloridrato de pilocarpina em ratos adultos. Análises imunoistoquímica, histoquímica e de expressão gênica." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191385.
Full textResumo: As teneurinas (Tens) são proteínas transmembrana do tipo II, constituídas de quatro membros homólogos (Ten-1-4). Estas proteínas são expressas principalmente durante a neurogênese do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e estão envolvidas primariamente no estabelecimento dos circuitos neuronais. Tens apresentam vários sítios de clivagens intracelular e extracelular que resultam em peptídeos bioativos, destacando-se os peptídeos associados aos terminais carboxila das teneurinas (Teneurin C-terminal-Associated Peptides, TCAPs). As latrofilinas (LPHN1-3) representam receptores associados à proteína G, sendo os principais receptores endógenos das Tens. A interação da Ten-2 com a LPHN-1 resulta na modulação nos níveis de cálcio intracelular, fato este que pode estar desbalanceado durante episódios epileptogênicos. O principal propósito deste estudo foi verificar possíveis alterações na imunorreatividade e na expressão gênica da Ten-2 no SNC em um modelo de epilepsia induzida por cloreto de lítio-cloridrato de pilocarpina em ratos adultos. Adicionalmente, as expressões gênicas do TCAP-2 e LPHN1 também foram analisadas, visto que são as principais proteínas correlacionadas à Ten-2. Para isto, ratos adultos (Rattus norvegicus; n=49) foram submetidos a indução de status epilepticus (SE) com cloreto de lítio (127 mg/kg) e cloridrato de pilocarpina (40 mg/kg) e divididos em grupos controles, grupos 2, 5 e 14 dias após SE e grupos epilepsia crônica (35 e 75 dias). Amostras do SNC destes animais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Teneurins (Tens) are a type II transmembrane protein family composed of four homologous members (Ten-1-4). These proteins are primarily present in the central nervous system (CNS) during neurogenesis and exert an important role in the development and establishment of neuronal circuits. Tens have several intra- and extracellular cleavage sites, originating bioactive peptides, such as the carboxyl-terminal peptides named Teneurin C-terminal-Associated Peptides (TCAPs). Latrophilins (LPHN1-3) represent G protein-coupled receptors and are considered the main endogenous receptors for Tens. The Ten-2-LPHN-1interaction results in intracellular calcium modulation in neurons and this system can be changed during epilepsy induction. The main purpose of this study was to verify possible alterations in immunoreactivity and gene expression of Ten-2 in the CNS from an adult rat model of lithium chloridepilocarpine-induced epilepsy. In addition, TCAP-2 and LHPN1 gene expressions were also analyzed, as they are the main Ten-2 related proteins. For this, adult male (Rattus norvegicus; n = 49) were submitted to status epilepticus (SE) induced by intraperitoneal administration of lithium chloride (127 mg/kg) and pilocarpine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg). Subsequently, the animals were divided into control groups, 2-, 5- and 14-day groups after SE, as well as chronic epilepsy group (35-75 days). Samples were submitted to immunohistochemistry technique to identify Teneurin-2-like immunoreactive (Ten-2... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Khaled, Nathália Amato. "Estudo temporal integrado de redes de co-expressão gênica e microRNAs em um modelo experimental de convulsão febril induzida por hipertermia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-13022019-151025/.
Full textComplex febrile seizures during childhood represent a relevant risk factor for the development of epilepsy. Despite this fact, the molecular alterations induced by febrile seizures that make the brain susceptible to the process of epileptogenesis are still poorly understood. In this context, the animal models of febrile seizures induced by hyperthermia (HS) allow the study of the molecular alterations from a temporal perspective. Thus, we investigated the temporal alterations in the profiles of gene expression and microRNAs in explants of the hippocampal CA3 region of Wistar rats, here obtained at four-time intervals after the hyperthermal insult on the eleventh postnatal day (P11). Time intervals were selected to evaluate the acute (P12), latent (P30 and P60) and chronic (P120) phases. Transcriptomic analysis consisted of constructing gene co-expression networks, allowing the identification of gene modules related to selected time intervals. Genes were also characterized hierarchically identifying those that control the robustness of gene co-expression networks (hubs). In addition, the differential expression profile of microRNA and the integrated analysis of microRNA expression and hub\'s gene expression were evaluated. The results of this work showed that: i) hyperthermic insults lead to important changes in cerebral development and functioning related to febrile seizures; ii) each time interval shows a transcriptomic signature, probably reflecting the process from epileptogenesis to brain readaptation after the initial precipitating insult; iii) this process involves a mechanism of regulation of gene co-expression networks by microRNAs. These results suggest that transcriptional changes triggered by febrile insults may lead to neuronal reprogramming and chromatin remodeling, making the brain susceptible to the chronic epileptic process. Human epilepsy triggered by febrile insults in childhood is related to resistance to antiepileptic drugs and no anti-epileptogenic drug was developed so far. Therefore, a better understanding of the temporal mechanisms involved in the development of chronic epilepsy is mandatory in order to discover new therapeutic targets and, eventually, anti-epileptogenic drugs
Azevedo, Hátylas Felype Zaneti de. "Alterações transcriptômicas no hipocampo de ratos submetidos a um modelo experimental de epilepsia com insulto precipitante febril." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-06062017-092009/.
Full textComplex febrile seizures during infancy constitute an important risk factor for epilepsy development. However, little is known about the alterations induced by febrile seizures that could turn the brain susceptible to epileptic activity. In this context, experimental models of hyperthermic seizures (HS) may allow the temporal analysis of brain molecular changes after HS. Here, we investigated temporal changes in hippocampal gene co-expression networks during the development of rats subjected to HS. Total RNA samples were obtained from the ventral hippocampal CA3 region at four time points after HS at postnatal day 11 (P11) and later used for gene expression profiling. The temporal endpoints were selected to investigate the acute (P12), latent (P30 and P60) and chronic (P120) stages of the HS model. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was employed to investigate modules of co-expressed genes, as these modules may contain genes with similar biological functions. The transcriptome analysis pipeline consisted in building gene co-expression networks, identifying network modules and hubs, performing gene-trait correlations and examining module connectivity changes. Modules were functionally enriched to identify functions associated to HS. Our data showed that HS induce alterations in developmental and immune pathways, like Wnt, Hippo, Notch, JAK-STAT and MAPK. Interestingly, modules involved in cell adhesion, neuronal differentiation, axonogenesis and synaptic transmission were activated as early as one day after HS. These results suggest that HS trigger transcriptional alterations that may lead to persistent neurogenesis, tissue remodeling and chronic inflammation in the CA3 hippocampus, turning the brain prone to epileptic activity
Menassa, David Antoine. "Magnetoencephalography and neuropathological studies of autism spectrum disorders and the comorbidity with epilepsy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e809ac19-1f3c-4ef9-83db-69950ab65994.
Full textGouveia, Telma Luciana Furtado [UNIFESP]. "Estudo da ação da lovastatina no desenvolvimento do modelo experimental de epilepsia induzido pela pilocarpina em ratos." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9513.
Full textIntroducao: A inflamacao tem sido relacionada a varias doencas neurodegenerativas e dados clinicos e experimentais sugerem uma funcao crucial nos processos inflamatorios no desenvolvimento da epilepsia, em particular, nos mecanismos geradores de crises (ictogenese) e na transformacao de uma rede neuronal normal a uma rede geradora de crises. A lovastatina, substancia usada na reducao da sintese do colesterol, tambem esta relacionada com a resposta inflamatoria, podendo modular a producao de citocinas e diminuir e o estresse oxidativo. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a acao da lovastatina no desenvolvimento das diferentes fases do modelo de epilepsia, induzido por pilocarpina em ratos. Metodos: Ratos Wistar machos foram analisados nos 3 periodos do modelo da pilocarpina (350mg/kg) fases: aguda (24h), silenciosa (15 dias) e cronica (30 dias apos a 1.a crise espontanea) e para cada periodo do modelo usamos 4 grupos de animais: salina, lovastatina (Lova), pilocarpina (Pilo) e pilocarpina+lovastatina (Pilo+Lova). O tratamento com lovastatina (20 mg/kg) se iniciou 2 h apos o inicio do estado de mal epileptico e foi administrada por 15 dias, duas vezes ao dia nos animais do grupo silencioso e cronico. O cerebro foi processado para realizacao de PCR em tempo real e imuno-histoquimica de IL-1ƒÀ, IL-6, TNF-ƒ¿, IL-10, receptor B1 e B2 de cininas e quantificacao de aminoacidos no hipocampo. Alem disso, o tecido hipocampal foi processado para as tecnicas de Nissl e Neo-Timm modificado. Alem disso, foi medida a temperatura corporea na fase aguda, duracao do periodo silencioso e frequencia de crises na fase cronica. Resultados: O tratamento com a lovastatina no grupo Pilo+Lova mostrou diminuicao da expressao de RNAm e das proteinas IL-1ƒÀ e TNF-ƒ¿ nas 3 fases do modelo Notamos tambem reducao nos niveis do receptor B1 e B2 de cininas na fase aguda e de IL-6 nas fases aguda e silenciosa do modelo. Houve um aumento da expressão de IL-10 na fase crônica e não houve alteração nos níveis dos aminoácidos no hipocampo dos animais desse grupo, quando comparado ao grupo Pilo. Foi observada uma normalização da temperatura corpórea dos ratos submetidos ao SE e tratados com lovastatina. Não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo Pilo e Pilo+Lova na duração da fase silenciosa e na freqüência de crises. Foi observada uma preservação de neurônios em CA1 e também uma diminuição no brotamento de fibras musgosas no grupo Pilo+Lova, quando comparado ao grupo Pilo, na fase crônica do modelo. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstrou que o tratamento com a lovastatina diminuiu diversos parâmetros importantes relacionados com o dano neuronal induzido pelo SE, no hipocampo de ratos nas diferentes fases do modelo experimental de epilepsia induzido pela pilocarpina.
Introduction: Inflammation has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and experimental and clinical data suggest a crucial role in inflammatory processes in the development of epilepsy, particularly in seizure-generating mechanisms (ictogenesis) and transformation of a normal neuronal network into a network generating seizures. Lovastatin, a drug used in the reduction of cholesterol synthesis, is also related to the inflammatory response and can modulate cytokine production reducing the oxidative stress. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the action of lovastatin in different stages of development model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were analyzed in three periods of the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy (350mg/kg) into phases: acute (24h), silent (15 days) and chronic (30 days after the 1st spontaneous seizure) and for each period of this model we used 4 groups of animals: saline-treated, lovastatin (Lova), pilocarpine (Pilo) and pilocarpine + lovastatin (Pilo+ Lova). Treatment with lovastatin (20 mg / kg) begun 2 h after the onset of status epilepticus (SE) and was administered for 15 days, twice a day the animals in the silent and chronic phases. The brain was processed for performing real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry of IL-1ƒÀ, IL-6, TNF-ƒ¿, IL-10 and kinin B1 and B2 receptors and quantification of amino acids in the hippocampus. Besides, the hippocampal tissue was processed for Nissl techniques and Neo-Timm. In addition, body temperature was measured in the acute phase and the duration of the silent period and seizure frequency in chronic phase was analyzed. Results: Treatment with lovastatin in Pilo + Lova group showed decreased expression of mRNA and proteins IL-1ƒÀ and TNF-ƒ¿ in the three phases of this model, We also noted reduction of kinin B1 and B2 receptor in the acute and IL-6 into acute and silent periods. There was an increased expression of IL-10 in the chronic phase of this model. There was no change in amino acids levels in the hippocampus of rats from Pilo+Lova group when compared to Pilo group. We observed a normalization of body temperature of rats subjected to SE and treated with lovastatin. There was no significant difference between the group Pilo and Pilo + Lova on the duration of the silent phase and in seizure frequency. We observed a preservation of neurons in CA1 and also a reduction of mossy fiber sprouting in Pilo+ Lova group as compared to the Pilo group in the chronic phase of the model. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that treatment with lovastatin decreased number of important parameters related to the neuronal damage induced by SE in the hippocampus of rats at different stages of the experimental model of epilepsy induced by pilocarpine.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Schwaderlapp, Niels Leonard [Verfasser], and J. G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Korvink. "Preclinical MRI in Neurological Diseases - Development of MRI Methods for Non-Invasive Investigation of Experimental Epilepsy / Niels Leonard Schwaderlapp ; Betreuer: J. G. Korvink." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205001972/34.
Full textOliveira, Elton Pallone de. "Estudo crítico dos modelos experimentais em epilepsia espontânea do tipo ausência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-24052011-135103/.
Full textEpilepsy is a very commom neurological disorders in world population. It is a chronicle condition highly disabling that affects both genera male and female independent of your age with a soft predominance in men and is more frequent in child under 2 years old and adult above 65 years old. The morbidity and mortality consequences of this disorder have many negative repercussions at society and global economy consequently. It is estimated about 60 to 100 millions of people around the world present any epileptic condition during their lives. According some researchers the epilepsy incidence varies about 11 to 131/100 thousand habitants for year and the prevalence between 1.5 to 30/1000 habitants for year, about this statics the higher values are found in developing countries, Latin America and Africa particularly. The Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy (IGE) are about a third of all others kinds of epilepsies and are 15 to 20% more frequent tha n others types of epilepsies. The absences IGEs are strictly related with childhood and adolescence age group and sometimes can affect patients (2.8 5.7 of cases) with age higher than 15 years old. The physiopathology as the real causes of to occur and to reoccur of absences crises in adult age are not completely enlightened and represent a important challenge to epileptlogists. The IGEs (genetic etiology) are classified in: a) typical absence seizures, b) atypical absence seizures, c) absence seizures with special factors, d) mioclonics seizures, f) tonic mioclonic seizures, g) clone seizures, h) tonic seizures and i) atonic seizures. The treatment commonly is pharmacologic and seizures are controlled in major parts of cases although about a third of patients are refratory to anticonvulsants drugs. Having as principal finality the elucidation of basic mechanisms and help of development of effectiv e therapeutical approaches to these patients, researchers around the world spend many efforts to develop experimental models able to reproduce the phenomena that want to reproduce. Among the principal experimental models of IGEs, it is possible to cite: (1) the general epilepsy model induced by penicillin in cats; (2) the models of investigation of bicuculin; (3) induction by electrical stimulation; (4) Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats of Strasbourg (GAERS); (5) cepa WAG/Rij; (6) the model of gamma-hydroxybutyric (GHB) and (7) mutant rats. These experimental models have promoted ways to researchers can to evaluate and quantify adequately the neuronal alterations that occur during epileptigenes process both in vitro or in vivo, making possible important advances in development of new therapeutical approaches and improvement in quality of life of epilepsy carriers
Samuelsson, Carolina. "Glutamate Turnover and Energy Metabolism in Brain Injury : Clinical and Experimental Studies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8630.
Full textRADIC, Manuela. "Experimental insights into absence seizures: Focus on their correlation with comorbid anxiety and their modulation by cannabinoid system in a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/514931.
Full textPimenta, Gabriela de Matos Barbosa. "Sono e epilepsia: estudo da arquitetura do ciclo vigília-sono em animais do modelo experimental de epilepsia do lobo temporal por pilocarpina. Análise qualitativa e quantitativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-09122009-153228/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Relationships between sleep and epilepsy are complex and have great clinical importance as well. The full understanding of the various gaps present in this relationship would pave the ground for new studies that could generate new clinical approaches aiming to contribute to the well-being of the patient suffering from epilepsy and sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to carry out a behavioral analysis and electro-oscillographic characterization of the phases of sleep-wake cycle (SWC) of pilocarpine- induced epilepsy in adult rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats that became epileptic after 60 days of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) (N=6) and non epileptic ones (N=6) were submitted to extereotaxic surgery for implantation of bipolar electrodes in cortical (A3, somestesic) and hippocampal (CA1) areas in both hemispheres. Twenty-four hour continuous registers were submitted to detailed visual analysis and the following parameters were studied: identification and quantification of electrophysiological parameters of phases of SWC, duration of oniric episodes during desynchronized sleep (DS), the pattern of occurrence of SWC and cycles of sleep (CS). In addition, the volume of suprachiasmatic nuclei was investigated. To analyze the architecture of sleep-wake phases and oniric behavior, Multivariate Analysis of Variance-MANOVA was utilized, whereas the pattern of cycles (SWC and CS) and volume of suprachiasmatic were submitted to Analysis of Variance with 2 factors-Two-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test, respectively. RESULTS: In the epileptic rats all phases of SWC were identified. The phases of wake and sleep were permeated by spikes and graph elements epileptiforms such as spiked delta waves in SS and low frequency waves with high voltage during AW and SD phases. In contrast to the pattern of normal rhythmic activity evident in non-epileptic rats the epileptic group presented significant differences concerning distribution of the phases of SWC according to the period. In the dark cycle significant reduction of AW (p<0.002) was observed concomitantly with an increase of SS (p<0.005), while the relaxed wakefulness (RW) showed an increase during the first half of the night (p=0.021). In the light cycle, the SS was more prominent in the morning period (p<0.001), following by a reduction of DS (p=0.002) concomitantly with an increase of AW (p<0.001) during the afternoon in the epileptic group. The number of cycles with a regular sequence of each phase from awake to sleep (SWC) was significantly decreased (p=0.004), as was the number of cycles of sleep (p=0.003) in epileptic rats. No significant differences were found in duration of oniric episodes and volume of suprachiasmastic nuclei (p>0.63 e p=0.47, respectively) between non epileptic and epileptic groups. CONCLUSION: The data obtained revealed that after SE the epileptic animals presented some alterations in the SWC architecture as well as in the cyclicity patterns mainly in dark cycle. Such facts suggest a possible functional and/or structural impairment in the circuitry responsible for the generation of sleep and wake phases and in the SWC timing system. Taken together the data reproduced the abnormalities observed in patients, suggesting that the pilocarpine model is a suitable one to study sleep dysfunctions in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Gioanni, Yves. "Organisation fonctionnelle du cortex moteur et epilepsie experimentale : implication des reflexes transcorticaux dans l'elaboration des decharges paroxystiques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077206.
Full textAntonakakis, Marios [Verfasser], Carsten H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolters, Michalis Akademischer Betreuer] Zervakis, and Jens [Gutachter] [Haueisen. "The effect of experimental and modeling parameters on combined EEG/MEG source analysis and transcranial electric stimulation optimization of somatosensory and epilepsy activity / Marios Antonakakis ; Gutachter: Jens Haueisen ; Carsten H. Wolters, Michalis Zervakis." Ilmenau : TU Ilmenau, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239049455/34.
Full textClement, Juan. "Susceptibilite aux crises convulsives audiogenes et modulation de la neurotransmission gabaergique etudiees dans differentes souches de souris." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13088.
Full textCrusius, Marcelo Ughini. "Transecção subpial múltipla na epilepsia focal experimental." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4443.
Full textObject. Epilepsy is an occurrence of repetitive crises in absence of toxicmetabolic disturb, causing from a brain abnormal electrical activity. It can be secondary, caused by cerebral structural lesion (tumors, gliosis areas, malformations etc), or from de genetic mutation with repercussion in neuronal excitability. The mayor part of epileptic crisis has a good response from medical treatment. However, 20-30% of epilepsy is refractory from medical treatment. Those patients are candidates to epilepsy surgery, who aim at resects areas where crisis start. When this resection is not possible like in eloquent area, an alternative is a surgical procedure called multiple subpial transection (MST), which interrupts the neuronal horizontal connections, getting down the intracortical propagation of ictal epileptic discharges. The goal in this study was valuate the efficacy of TSM in the control of crises in epilepsy focal experimental model. Methods. We used 25 Wistar male rats, with 60-150 days of life, from Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, who seved like focal epilepsy model. The animals were kept under controlled illumination and temperature. After anesthetic procedure the animals were fixed in the stereotaxic apparatus and left craniotomy and Dura-mater were take out, than five electrodes were fixed at the cerebral cortex and video-electroencephalogram (video-EEG) were registered for 10 min. At this point we injected penicillin G potassic crystalline subpial in the same local to the most anterior electrode who was always in the forelimb motor cortex, than we registered 10 min video-EEG. After that procedure we divided in two groups: experimental group who we did a Multiple Subpial Trasection(MST) and a Sham group who we did not do MST, in both of that we registered 10 min video-EEG. Results. The time to get seizures had the same median in a surgical group and in the control group (180s). The rats which stopped crisis in the surgical group was 10 (66,7%) and in control group no one. Two animals (11,1%) died in a surgical group and 4(57,1%) in a control group. In the channel 3 the median post- TSM was 7(1 to 16) and in the end of register of control group 20 (6 to 35), p=0,012. For the interictal discharges in a surgical group the median post-penicillin against post-TSM was 17 (p<0,001), in the control group was 14 post-penicillin and in the end of the register 20 (p=0,091). Median in the surgical group for the post-penicillin was 1(0 to 6) and 0(0 to 1) (p=0,003).For the ictal discharges in the surgical group the median post-penicillin was 1 and post-TSM was 0 (p=0,003). There was not motor deficit after procedure in any animals; also there was no significant histological alteration in the rats. Conclusion. These findings suggest a role of MST stop or decrease tremendously the electrical spreading of epilepsy crisis in brain cortical layer of rats. It demonstrates that it is a very effective surgical therapy for refractory epilepsy focused on cerebral eloquent areas.
Fundamentos: Epilepsia, por conceito, é a ocorrência de crises repetitivas na ausência de distúrbio tóxico-metabólico, decorrente de uma atividade elétrica anormal do encéfalo. Pode ser secundária, causada por lesão cerebral estrutural (tumores, áreas de gliose, malformações, etc. ), ou decorrente de mutação genética com repercussão na excitabilidade neuronal. A maior parte das crises epilépticas responde bem ao tratamento medicamentoso; entretanto, 20-30% das epilepsias são refratárias ao tratamento medicamentoso. Estes pacientes são candidatos à cirurgia da epilepsia, a qual visa à ressecção da área de início das crises. Quando essa ressecção não é possível, como em áreas cerebrais eloqüentes, uma alternativa é o procedimento cirúrgico denominado de transecção subpial múltipla (TSM), que interrompe as conexões neuronais horizontais, reduzindo a propagação intracortical das descargas epilépticas ictais. Objetivo geral: Avaliar a eficácia da TSM no controle das crises epiléticas num modelo de epilepsia focal experimental. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo experimental com intervenção, no qual foram estudados 25 ratos machos da raça Wistar, com idade aproximadamente entre 60-150 dias, divididos em dois grupos e submetidos a implante de eletrodos de registro eletrencefalográfico e indução de foco epiléptico por injeção de penicilina G potássica cristalina subpial. No Grupo I (Experimental) os animais foram submetidos à craniectomia monitorados por vídeo-EEG por 10 minutos, induzidos ao foco epilético e videomonitorizados pelo mesmo período; após, foram submetidos à TSM e novamente videomonitorados por 10 minutos. No Grupo II (Sham), os animais foram submetidos à craniectomia, submetidos por 10 minutos a vídeo-EEG; após, o foco epilético foi induzido, mas não foi realizada a TSM, sendo novamente submetidos a 10 minutos de vídeo-EEG. Todos os animais foram submetidos a estudo histológico para avaliação da vascularização e da organização estrutural do córtex cerebral.
Bagri, Abdallah. "Colliculus inferieur, declenchement de reactions de fuite et induction de la susceptibilite a la crise audiogene : etude neuropharmacologique chez le rat." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13036.
Full textCrusius, Marcelo U. "Transec??o subpial m?ltipla na epilepsia focal experimental." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1514.
Full textFUNDAMENTOS: Epilepsia, por conceito, ? a ocorr?ncia de crises repetitivas na aus?ncia de dist?rbio t?xico-metab?lico, decorrente de uma atividade el?trica anormal do enc?falo. Pode ser secund?ria, causada por les?o cerebral estrutural (tumores, ?reas de gliose, malforma??es, etc.), ou decorrente de muta??o gen?tica com repercuss?o na excitabilidade neuronal. A maior parte das crises epil?pticas responde bem ao tratamento medicamentoso; entretanto, 20-30% das epilepsias s?o refrat?rias ao tratamento medicamentoso. Estes pacientes s?o candidatos ? cirurgia da epilepsia, a qual visa ? ressec??o da ?rea de in?cio das crises. Quando essa ressec??o n?o ? poss?vel, como em ?reas cerebrais eloq?entes, uma alternativa ? o procedimento cir?rgico denominado de transec??o subpial m?ltipla (TSM), que interrompe as conex?es neuronais horizontais, reduzindo a propaga??o intracortical das descargas epil?pticas ictais. OBJETIVO GERAL: Avaliar a efic?cia da TSM no controle das crises epil?ticas num modelo de epilepsia focal experimental. MATERIAIS E M?TODOS: Foi realizado um estudo experimental com interven??o, no qual foram estudados 25 ratos machos da ra?a Wistar, com idade aproximadamente entre 60-150 dias, divididos em dois grupos e submetidos a implante de eletrodos de registro eletrencefalogr?fico e indu??o de foco epil?ptico por inje??o de penicilina G pot?ssica cristalina subpial. No Grupo I (Experimental) os animais foram submetidos ? craniectomia monitorados por v?deo-EEG por 10 minutos, induzidos ao foco epil?tico e videomonitorizados pelo mesmo per?odo; ap?s, foram submetidos ? TSM e novamente videomonitorados por 10 minutos.No Grupo II (Sham), os animais foram submetidos ? craniectomia, submetidos por 10 minutos a v?deo-EEG; ap?s, o foco epil?tico foi induzido, mas n?o foi realizada a TSM, sendo novamente submetidos a 10 minutos de v?deo-EEG. Todos os animais foram submetidos a estudo histol?gico para avalia??o da vasculariza??o e da organiza??o estrutural do c?rtex cerebral.
Farias, Kelly Soares. "Uso de transplante de astrócitos na redução da epilepsia experimental." PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM NEUROCIÊNCIAS, 2018. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25630.
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Os astrócitos, células especializadas da glia, estão envolvidos na homeostase extracelular por tamponar íons de potássio (K+), metabolizar neurotransmissores, controlar o disparo e a sincronização neuronal e contribuir para a formação da barreira hematoencefálica. Em condições patológicas, os astrócitos podem alterar a sua morfologia (hipertrofia dos seus processos celulares) e bioquímica (aumento da expressão da proteína ácida fibrilar glial, GFAP), sendo conhecidos por astrócitos reativos (a.k.a., gliose reativa). Apesar de serem frequentemente observados em regiões cerebrais associadas à geração e propagação de crises epilépticas, a participação dos astrócitos reativos na sincronização anormal é pouco conhecida. Enquanto os astrócitos modificam o metabolismo do potássio e do glutamato, a sua reativação, por períodos prolongados, pode levar à disfunção da atividade neuronal. A epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT), uma das formas mais comuns de epilepsia e frequentemente associada à refratariedade ao tratamento farmacológico, é caracterizada por morte neuronal em regiões temporais (esclerose do hipocampo), reorganização sináptica (brotamento aberrante de fibras musgosas) e gliose reativa. Nessa tese testamos a hipótese de que o transplante de astrócitos imaturos no hipocampo de animais cronicamente epiléticos reduzirá a atividade epileptiforme, incluindo a ocorrência de crises espontâneas eletrográficas e comportamentais. Para isso, os animais foram feitos epilépticos pela injeção sistêmica da pilocarpina (que induziu o estado epiléptico, SE) e foram transplantados unilateralmente no hilo do giro denteado (GD) com astrócitos que expressavam a proteína fluorescente verde (GFP+) 30 dias após o SE. A alocação dos animais epilépticos nos grupos controle (SE-controle) e experimental (SE-astro GD) foi feita de acordo com a severidade comportamental do SE. Atividades epileptiformes espontâneas (espículas interictais, oscilações de alta frequência e crises recorrentes) foram registradas em ambos os hipocampos (tratado e não tratado) usando eletrodos cronicamente implantados. A sobrevivência dos astrócitos foi de 1 %. Astrócitos GFP+ foram encontrados em diversas sub-regiões hipocampais por até sete meses após o transplante, sendo que algumas células migraram aproximadamente até 1500 µm no polo anteroposterior. Essas células foram localizadas principalmente no hilo, na camada granular do giro dentado e na camada molecular do hipocampo, e em alguns animais, no córtex, tálamo e fímbria. Células ou grupos de tecidos indicativos de tumor não foram identificados. A atividade epileptiforme eletrográfica foi registrada em 80% dos animais controle (SE-controle, N = 8/10), em 80% dos animais experimentais com astrócitos GFP+ localizados no córtex (SE-Astro Córtex, N = 4/5) e em 60% dos animais com astrócitos GFP+ no hipocampo (SE-Astro GD, N=2/5). A frequência de crises espontâneas foi variável entre os animais (21 vs 12 vs 1 crises espontâneas registradas nos grupos SE-control, SEAstro Córtex e SE- Astro GD, respectivamente) e não houve diferença na frequência de crises entre os grupos (crises/hora: 0,05 ± 0,01 vs 0,03 ± 0,003 vs 0,02, para SE-controle e SE-Astro Córtex e SE-Astro GD, respectivamente). O transplante dos astrócitos não alterou a duração das crises (67,5 ± 3,6 s vs 74,2 ± 3,9 s vs 65,3, para SE-controle e SE-Astro Córtex e SE-Astro GD, respectivamente). Além disso, não observamos diferenças quanto à morfologia, periodicidade ou frequência das espículas interictais do hipocampo entre os grupos experimentais e/ou entre os hemisférios tratados. Interessantemente, o transplante de astrócitos reduziu significativamente a severidade das crises comportamentais nos animais que receberam astrócitos no córtex (Escala livre: 5,0 ± 0,6 vs 4,0 ± 0,4, SE-controle e SE-Astro Córtex, respectivamente, p=0,02, teste de MannWhitney). O grupo SE-Astro GD apresentou apenas uma crise epiléptica e, portanto, não candidato a estatística. Nossos resultados enfatizam o uso da terapia celular para o tratamento das epilepsias e reforçam a importância do sítio do transplante para a redução da atividade epileptiforme.
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells involved in the extracellular homeostasis by buffering potassium cation (K+) concentration, metabolizing neurotransmitters, controlling neuronal firing and synchronization and contributing to the blood-brain barrier. Under pathological conditions, astrocytes may change their morphology in order to compensate abnormal function, being referred to as activated astrocytes (reactive gliosis). This phenomenon is commonly observed in brain regions associated with seizure generation and spread, although its role in abnormal synchronization is unknown. While astrocytes can enhance potassium and glutamate-related metabolism, sustained long-term reactivation can lead to neuronal dysfunction. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy and is usually associated to refractoriness. TLE is characterized by extensive cell death (hippocampal sclerosis), synaptic reorganization (mossy fiber sprouting) and reactive gliosis. Here, we hypothesize that transplantation of immature astrocytes in chronically epileptic hippocampus would reduce epileptiform activity, including the occurrence of electrographic and behavioral seizures. To test this hypothesis, animals made epileptic by the systemic injection of pilocarpine (which induced status epilepticus, SE) were unilaterally transplanted with green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP) astrocytes into the hippocampus 30 days after the SE. Group assignment (SE-Saline e SE-Astro GD) was made according to SE behavioral severity and spontaneous epileptiform activities (interictal spikes, high-frequency oscillations, seizures) were recorded in both (treated and untreated) hippocampi using chronically implanted multi-electrodes. Astrocytes had migrated approximately 1500µm injection site, and survival rate was 1%. Astrocytes were found in the host hippocampus seven months after transplantation and were mainly localized at the hilus, at the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, at molecular layer of hippocampus. Cells or tissue clusters indicative of tumor were not identified. In a second group, astrocytes were found in the cortex and constituted the SE-Astro Cortex group. No difference was found in epileptiform activity recorded between groups. Epileptiform electrographic activity was recorded in 80% of control animals (SE-Saline, N= 8/10, in 80% of SE-Astro Cortex group (SE-Astro Córtex, N=4/5) and in 60% of animals that received astrocytes into the hippocampus (SE-Astro GD, N=2/5). Spontaneous seizure occurrence was variable between animals (21 vs 12 vs 1 recorded seizures in SE-Saline and SE-Astro Cortex and SE-Astro GD groups, respectively), however, no difference was observed in seizure frequency between groups (seizures/hour: 0.05±0.01 vs 0.03±0.003 vs 0.02, SE-Saline, SE-Astro Cortex and SE-Astro GD, respectively). Astrocytes grafting did not change seizure duration (67.5 ± 3.6 s vs 74.2 ± 3.9 s vs 65.3 s for SE-Saline, SE-Astro Cortex and SE-Astro GD groups, respectively). Also, we did not observe any difference in the morphology, periodicity or frequency of hippocampal interictal spikes between experimental groups and/or treated hemisphere. Additionally, however, the animals of SE-Astro Cortex group showed reduced behavioral seizure severity (scores: 5 ± 0.1 vs 4 ± 0.4; for SE-Saline and SE-Astro Cortex, respectively; p =0.02, Mann-Whitney test). SE-Astro GD group animals showed only one spontaneous seizure, and therefore not a candidate for statistics. Even thought the small sample size, our results present the cell therapy relevance for the treatment of epilepsies and reinforce importance of transplantation site for epileptiform activity reduction.
Boux, Fabien. "Méthodes statistiques pour l'imagerie vasculaire par résonance magnétique : application au cerveau épileptique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM068.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the investigation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the identification and localization of brain regions involved in mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Precisely, the work aims 1) at optimizing a vascular MRI protocol on an animal model of epilepsy and 2) at designing a method to quantify vascular MRI maps based on the modeling of the relationship between MRI signals and biophysical parameters.MRI acquisitions on an experimental mouse model of MTLE with hippocampal sclerosis were performed on a 9.4 T scanner. The data collected allowed the quantification of seven cellular and vascular MRI maps a few days after the epileptic condition and later when the spontaneous seizures emerged. These parameters were used for the automatic identification of epileptogenic regions and regions of seizure propagation. To enhance the detection of small variations in MRI parameters in epileptic subjects, a quantification method based on magnetic resonance fingerprinting has been developed. This method consists in identifying, among a set of simulated signals, the closest one to the acquired signal. It can be seen as an inverse problem that presents the following difficulties: the direct model is non-linear, as a complex series of equations or simulation tools; the inputs are high-dimensional signals; and the output is multidimensional. For these reasons, we used an appropriate inverse regression approach to learn a mapping between signal and biophysical parameter spaces. In a field widely dominated by deep learning approaches, the proposed method is very competitive and provides more accurate results. Moreover, the method allows for the first time to produce a confidence index associated with each estimate. In particular, this index allows to reduce the quantification error by discarding estimates associated with low confidence.So far no clinical protocol emerges as a consensus to accurately localize epileptic foci. The possibility of a non-invasive identification of these regions is therefore a first step towards a potential clinical transfer
Lustosa, Ítalo Rosal. "Avaliação do modelo de status epilepticus por ouabaína: da administração intracerebroventricular à análise de parâmetros comportamentais e indicadores de dano cerebral." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22255.
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Status epilepticus (SE) is a common and potentially lethal form of clinical emergency. The advances in antiepileptic therapy in the last decades failed to change the rates of treatment responsiveness in that condition, as well as in epilepsies. Down regulation of Na +, K + -ATPase (NKA) activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases, including epilepsy. In the present study, epileptic seizures were induced through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) ouabain, a model with predictive value for generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The ethological characteristics of the seizures were outlined regarding the localizing semiology. Neurochemical analysis were also performed: lipoperoxidation, TBARS; reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration; and nitrite (NO2-) concentration in prefrontal cortex (F), hippocampus (H), striatum (E), thalamus (T) and mesencephalon (M). About ~ 85% of the animals receiving 29.23 μg of i.c.v. ouabain exhibited a behavior consisting of two procursive seizures intercalated by freezing and followed by partial clonus evolving as generalized clonus with loss of the righting reflex and late tonus. This pattern is highly suggestive of primary multifocal ictogenesis in limbic (H) and brainstem (lower colliculus) areas followed by secondary generalization. Lipoperoxidation was significantly increased in relation to control in all studied areas: F, E and H (p <0.0001); T (p <0.001); M (p <0.01). GSH concentration was significantly reduced only in F (p <0.01) and E (p <0.0001). NO2- concentration was increased in T and M (p <0.01); Values of p <0.05 were considered significant. Neurochemistry evidences severe oxidative damage, mainly in lipid membranes. The increase in NO2- in caudal structures corroborates with literature about the audiogenic model. A hypothesis that may aggregate pathomechanistic relevance to the model as theoretical construct is thrown. Furthermore, the implementation of an i.c.v administration protocol offers ample possibilities for the research and drug development.
O status epilepticus (SE) é uma forma comum de emergência clínica potencialmente letal. O avanço na terapia antiepiléptica nas últimas décadas não modificou as taxas de responsividade a tratamento desta condição, bem como das epilepsias em geral. A regulação para baixo da tividade de Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) tem sido implicada na fisiopatologia de diversas doenças neurodegenerativas, inclusive epilepsias. No presente trabalho, foram induzidas crises epilépticas por ouabaína via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), um modelo com valor preditivo para crises tônico-clônias generalizadas. Foram delineadas as características etológicas do SE com vistas à semiologia de valor localizatório e mediram-se indicadores neuroquímicos: lipoperoxidação, TBARS; concentração de glutationa, GSH; nitrito, NO2- nas áreas cerebrais córtex pré-frontal (F), hipocampo (H), corpo estriado (E), tálamo (T) e mesencéfalo (M). Cerca de ~85% dos animais que recebem 29,23 µg de ouabaína via i.c.v. exibiram um comportamento consistente de duas crises procursivas intercaladas por freezing seguidas de clono parcial que evolui com clono generalizado e perda do reflexo de endireitamento com fenômenos tônicos tardios. Este padrão é altamente sugestivo de ictogênese primária multifocal em áreas límbica (H) e de tronco encefálico (colículo inferior) seguidas de generalização. A lipoperoxidação esteve significativamente aumentada em relação ao controle em todas as áreas estudadas: F, E e H (p<0,0001); T (p<0,001); M (p<0,01). A [GSH] esteve significativamente reduzida apenas em F (p<0,01) e E (p<0,0001). A [NO2-] esteve aumentada em T e M (p<0,01). Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significativos. A neuroquímica evidencia grave dano oxidativo, nomeadamente nas membranas lipídicas. O aumento da [NO2-] em estruturas caudais corrobora com a literatura sobre o modelo audiogênico. Fornece-se ainda uma hipótese sobre a fisiopatologia do modelo da ouabaína i.c.v. que pode agregar-lhe relevância patomecanística enquanto construto teórico. Ademais, aportam-se amplas possibilidades para a pesquisa e desenvolvimentos de medicamentos através da implantação do protocolo de via de administração i.c.v. crônica.
Santos, Victor Rodrigues. "Avaliação da neuroplasticidade em modelos experimentais de epilepsia do lobo temporal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-21072016-103251/.
Full textThe epilepsies affect between 1-2% of the world. In general, all epilepsies almost a third of total patients had an epilepsy syndrome known as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which usually settles after the initial insult or due to other pathologies such as, for example, trauma or tumor, and seems to be due to intrinsic abnormalities such as temporal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus and piriform cortex. After latency period varied, promotes the emergence of seizures. Among the patients with TLE, about 20 to 30% of them are resistant to pharmacological treatment. To better study the processes involved in plastic epileptogenesis occurred after the installation of the initial insult leading to the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures, rats were electrically stimulated in the amygdala to induce status epilepticus (SE). Histochemical and immunohistochemistry were done to mark neurons activated (c-Fos +), newborn neurons (Doublecortin - DCX+) and degenerating (FluoroJade C - FJC+) after the crisis. After SE induction observed that the more serious crises, the greater the number of activated areas (c-Fos+) and greater number of degenerating neurons (FJC+). In addition, there was no direct association between the brain areas activated and the degree of neurodegeneration, or association between the severity and intensity of the SE of neurogenesis (DCX+). The second phase of this project, performed at the University of Cincinnati, refers to study the impact of SE induced by pilocarpine (Pilo) system on hippocampal neurogenesis. Using the injection of BrdU, to label the daybirth of new granule neurons in Thy1-GFP mice subjected to SE. We analyzed the dendritic plasticity of granule neurons undergoing maturation (immature, 1 week) and mature (8 weeks). The immature cells have undergone drastic changes in their dendritic morphology and density. On the other hand, the mature cells did not undergo morphological changes in dendritic tree but showed a marked decrease in the density of dendritic spines, thus showing that immature cells are more susceptible to the impact of epileptic seizures.
Bertran, Junqué Alexandra. "Design and synthesis of selective MMP-9 inhibitors for the treatment of epilepsy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663802.
Full textLes metal·loproteinases de matriu (MMPs) constitueixen una família de proteases dependents del zinc i involucrades en la degradació de la matriu extracel·lular. Participen en la progressió d’un gran nombre de malalties, principalment en càncer i en malalties del sistema nerviós central, com ara l’Alzheimer i l’epilèpsia. En les últimes dècades, s’han desenvolupat una serie d’inhibidors de MMPs (MMPi) pel tractament del càncer, però aquests han fallat en estudis clínics degut a la seva ineficàcia o efectes secundaris adversos, principalment deguts a la falta de selectivitat del inhibidors. En la literatura s’ha descrit un increment en els nivells d’expressió i activitat de gelatinases (MMP-2 i MMP-9) en diferents models animals d’epilèpsia, així com també en humans amb aquesta condició, sent la MMP-9 les més sobreexpressada. Per això, un inhibidor selectiu de la MMP-9, i en part també de la MMP-2, podria ser beneficial pel tractament d’aquesta malaltia. En aquesta tesis, el disseny de fàrmacs assistit per ordinador s’ha utilitzat per a dissenyar inhibidors de la MMP-9 que han estat sintetitzats i avaluats in vitro mitjançant assajos enzimàtics. Els compostos més potents i selectius obtinguts per la inhibició de gelatinases s’han seleccionat i optimitzat per creuar la barrera hematoencefàlica. Per la molècula més prometedora, s’han dut a terme en ratolins i rates. A més, la seva eficàcia i potencial toxicitat s’ha estudiat en 3 models animals d’epilèpsia, demostrant que aquest candidat a fàrmac inhibeix la MMP-9 in vivo i pot atenuar els efectes convulsius i epileptogènics presents en els models animals, a més a més no s’han observat símptomes clínics adversos durant els experiments amb animals. Finalment, aquest compost s’ha optimitzat amb l’objectiu de millorar la seva estabilitat metabòlica i poder ser administrat per via oral. Després d’aquest procés d’optimització s’han obtingut dos compostos potents i selectius amb bones propietats ADME .
Lima, Camila Nayane de Carvalho. "Potencial convulsivante de carbapenêmicos em diferentes modelos experimentais de convulsão : avaliação comparativa, comportamental e neuroquímica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/5375.
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Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder, affecting 50 million people worldwide, 40 million of them in developed countries. People of all races, genders, socioeconomic conditions and regions are affected. The pilocarpine (P400) is a cholinergic agonist characterized by inducing seizures evolving to status epilepticus, similar to human temporal lobe epilepsy. The pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a GABA antagonist that mimics the small-mal seizures (absence seizure) and tonic-clonic seizures in humans. The strychnine is a potent convulsant and acts mainly as a selective antagonist of postsynaptic inhibition mediated by glycine. Its main action is to increase the excitability of the spinal reflex . The convulsant picrotoxin is an agent that blocks chloride channels activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid. Convulsant agents were administered intraperitoneally, 10 minutes after intravenous administration of carbapenêmcios With the development of this work, we found that pretreatment with imipenem or meropenem interfere with various neurotransmitter systems when animals are subjected to seizures induced by pilocarpine at a dose of 400mg/kg, 55mg/Kg at a dose of pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and picrotoxin 10mg/Kg 2mg/kg. This has been evidenced by increasing levels of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and on the other hand, a decrease in levels of inhibitory amino acids such as GABA reinforcing the existence of a possible modulatory pathway of these amino acids in control and development of seizure occurs when pre-treatment with imipenem or meropenem
Epilepsia é o mais freqüente distúrbio neurológico, atingindo 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo, 40 milhões delas em países desenvolvidos. Pessoas de todas as raças, sexos, condições socioeconômicas e regiões são acometidas. A pilocarpina (P400) é um agonista colinérgico que se caracteriza por induzir convulsões que evoluem para status epilépticus, similar à epilepsia do lobo temporal humana. O pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) é um antagonista GABA que mimetiza convulsões do pequeno-mal (crise de ausência) e do tipo tônico-clônico em humanos. A estricnina é um potente convulsivante e atua, principalmente, como antagonista competitivo seletivo da inibição pós-sináptica mediada pela glicina. Sua principal ação é o aumento da excitabilidade reflexa da medula. A picrotoxina é um agente convulsivante que bloqueia os canais de cloro ativados pelo ácido gama-aminobutírico. Os agentes convulsivantes foram administrados intraperitonialmente, após 10 minutos da administração intravenosa dos carbapenêmcios Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, podemos observar que o pré-tratamento com imipenem ou meropenem interfere com vários sistemas de neurotransmissores quando os animais são submetidos à convulsão induzida pela pilocarpina na dose de 400mg/kg, pentilenotetrazol na dose de 55mg/Kg, estricnina 2mg/Kg e picrotoxina 10mg/Kg. Tal efeito foi evidenciado através do aumento nos níveis de aminoácidos excitatórios como o glutamato e, por outro lado, uma diminuição nos níveis de aminoácidos inibitórios como o GABA reforçando a existência de uma possível via modulatória desses aminoácidos no controle e desenvolvimento de crises epilépticas quando ocorre o pré-tratamento com imipenem/cilastatina ou meropenem.
FERREIRA, Elane de Nazaré Magno. "Ativação microglial, perda neuronal e astrocitose em um modelo experimental de epilepsia do lobo temporal." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9283.
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FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas
A epilepsia é uma condições neurológicas crônicas graves mais prevalentes no mundo inteiro. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) estima que em cada 100.000 habitantes, 45 a 50 apresentam a doença em países desenvolvidos, subindo para 122 a 190, nos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Não há fatores de risco em relação a sexo, raça ou idade, mas acredita-se que algumas mutações gênicas estejam relacionadas com o aumento do risco de se apresentar a doença. A fisiopatologia da epilepsia envolve fatores complexos, como perda de inibição e aumento da excitabilidade neuronal em diversas regiões encefálicas, principalmente o hipocampo. Defeitos de canais iônicos e transportadores e receptores para neurotransmissores podem contribuir para a patogênese da doença. A resposta inflamatória possui um papel importante na fisiopatologia da epilepsia. Evidências recentes sugerem um papel fundamental da ativação microglial para a exacerbação das crises convulsivas. Nesta dissertação, descrevemos os padrões gerais de ativação microglial, astrocitária e perda neuronal nas regiões CA1, CA3 e hilo do giro denteado do hipocampo e nos córtices motor, peririnal, entorrinal lateral e complexo amigdaloide na primeira semana após Status Epilépticus (SE) induzido por injeção de pilocarpina. Inibiu-se a ativação microglial com minociclina. Realizou-se imunohistoquímica para a marcação de neurônios (anti-NeuN), micróglia em geral (anti-Iba1), micróglia/macrófagos ativados (anti-ED1), astrócitos (anti-GFAP). Quantificou-se o número de neurônios e micróglia ativada em regiões hipocampais. Houve intensa ativação microglial e astrocitária nas diversas regiões motoras e límbicas estudadas, principalmente entre 3 e 7 dias após a indução de SE. O tratamento com a minociclina diminui significativamente ativação microglial no hipocampo nos tempos acima citados (p<0,05), mas não influenciou a astrocitose. A inflamação foi considerável nas regiões extrahipocampais, onde teve o ápice nos tempos de sobrevida precoces. Não houve perda de neurônios hipocampais na primeira semana após SE, apesar de alterações neuronais esporádicas terem sido observadas. Estes resultados sugerem que a resposta inflamatória é um evento generalizado e precoce, afetando diversas áreas motoras e límbicas, após SE induzido injeções de pilocarpina, mesmo na ausência de perda célular evidente. Os padrões de ativação microglial e astrocitária podem ser usados como marcadores do comprometimento tecidual progressivo em modelos experimentais de epilepsia.
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent serious chronic neurological conditions worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 45-50 cases in 100,000 habitants in developed countries, rising to 122 to 190, in developing countries, including Brazil. There are no risk factors in relation to gender, race or age, but it is believed that some gene mutations are associated with an increased risk to develop the disease. The pathophysiology of epilepsy involves complex factors such as loss inhibition and increased neuronal excitability in different brain regions, but mainly at the hippocampus. Mutations in ion channels and in both receptor and neurotransmitter transporters may underlie disease pathogenesis. The inflammatory response plays an important role on epilepsy pathophysiology. Recent experimental evidence suggests a major role for both microglia and astrocyte activation on the seizure exacerbation. In this dissertation, we describe the general patterns of microgial and astrocyte activation and neuronal loss in CA1, CA3, hippocampal hylus, peririnal, lateral entorrinal and motor cortices and amigdaloid complex in the first week following “Status Epilepticus” induced by pilocarpine injection. Immunohistochemistry was performed to label neurons (anti-NeuN), microglia in general (anti-Iba1), activated microglia/macrophages (anti-ED1) and astrocytes (anti-GFAP). Numbers of neurons and activated microglia were counted in the hippocampus. There was intense microglia and astrocyte activation in all motor and limbic regions studied, mainly at 3 and 7 days post SE. Minocycline treatment reduced microglia activation in the hippocampus (p<0.05), without affecting astrocytosis. There was considerable inflammation in regions outside the hippocampus with an early inflammatory response. There was no neuronal loss in the hippocampus in the first week following SE, although sporadic alterations on neuronal morphology have been observed. These results suggest that the inflammatory response is an early and generalized histopathological event in several motor and limbic structures following pilocarpine-induced SE, even in the absence of conspicuous cell loss. The patterns of microglia and astrocyte activation can be used as markers of the progressive tissue impairment in the experimental models of epilepsy.
Nasseh, Ibrahim Elias [UNIFESP]. "Envolvimento mitocondrial na epilepsia do lobo temporal: Estudo através do modelo experimental induzido por pilocarpina." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2004. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/18815.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Fundo de Auxílio aos Docentes e Alunos (FADA)
Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (PRONEX)
A mitocondria e importante no processo de manutencao da homeostase do calcio, na manutencao do potencial de membrana do neuronio, no processo de apoptose e na formacao de radicais livres (RL). Essas caracteristicas relacionam a mitocondria com a excitotoxicidade vista na epilepsia .Lesoes do DNA mitocondrial (DNAmt) via lesao oxidativa sao vistas em varias doencas sendo presumivel seu) aparecimento na epilepsia pela presenca de RL, ja largamente documentada nessa patologia. Nosso objetivo, no presente estudo, foi avaliar o possivel envolvimento da mitocondria no processo de epileptogenese, no modelo de epilepsia do lobo temporal induzido por pilocarpina. Para tanto, nos propusemos al avaliar o aparecimento de alteracoes do DNAmt, bem como o ocorrencia del disfuncoes de proteinas da cadeia respiratoria. Delecoes ou alteracoes da quantidade das moleculas de DNAmt e disfuncoes da citocromo c oxidade e na succinato desidrogenase foram estudadas em hipocampos de ratos submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina, com as tecnicas de Southern Blot ,I PCR, histoquimica, Western Blot e Imunohistoquimica. Foram utilizados animais) durante a fase cronica do modelo, quando inicia-se o aparecimento de crises) espontaneas e recorrentes. A analise do DNAmt nao mostrou deplecao ou um aumento de delecoes dos DNAmt nos animais experimentais. Esses dados sugerem que danos do DNAmt nao estejam envolvidos na patogenese da epilepsiaa(au)
Mitochondria have important fuctions in intracellular calcium homeostases, maintenance of neuronal membrane potential, apoptotic signalling and in free radicals production. These features may link mitochondria to a possible role on epilepsy excitotoxicity. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage by oxidative lesions are observed in many diseases and it is supposed to occur in epilepsy due to the well stabilished presence of free radicals in this disease. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the possible role of mitochondria in epilepy. The study was performed in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy by studying mtDNA and respiratory chain proteins abnormalities. Deletions or quantitative alterations of mtDNA and dysfuntion of cytocrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase were studied with Southern Blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histochemistry, imunohistochemistry and Western Blot techniques. The animals were in chronic phase of the PILO model of epilepsy when spontaneous and recurrent seizures begin to occur. No mtDNA depletion was observed and increased frequency of mtDNA damage was not detected in epileptic animals. These data do not support the involvement of mtDNA damage in the pathogenesis epilepsy. The expression and distribution of the respiratory chain proteins (COX I, COX IV, SDH) enzymes studied were similar in both groups (control and epileptic animals) in the hippocampus. Furthermore, no difference in COX activity was observed by hystochemistry. The preservation of mtDNA and respiratory chain proteins show a relative maintenance of basal metabolism in epileptic hippocampus. Such data is reinforced by previous study that show no changes in glucose utilization in the chronic phase of this same model of epilepsy. It has been reported that NA+/K+ ATPase is upregulated in epilepsy, and this enzyme is crucial to the maintenance of membrane potential. In addition, this enzyme is highly dependent of mitochondrial ATP production. Considering that NA+/K+ ATPase is upregulated in epilepsy, we would expect a propotional increase in mitochondrial activity to mantain ATPase well function. However, our data do not demonstrate this increase in activity, which could indicate abnormalities in the link between energetic need and mitochondrial function. This hypothesis could be a possible target for future studies.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Lindmeier, Konrad. "Avaliação experimental da interferencia de imagens-simbolos arquetipicas no fenomeno de clarividencia em sujeitos portadores ou não-portadores de epilepsia." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309881.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivos verificar, experimentalmente, a interferência de imagens-símbolos arquetípicas na ocorrência do fenômeno parapsicológico de clarividência, tanto em portadores de epilepsia de lobo temporal medicados com GARDENAL quanto em não-portadores. Os sujeitos não-portadores foram 31 (15 homens e 16 mulheres), selecionados entre os funcionários administrativos da Universidade São Francisco de Bragança Paulista/SP na faixa etária entre 20 e 35 anos e faixa salarial até 5 salários mínimos e que eram moradores da mesma região. Os sujeitos portadores de epilepsia de lobo temporal e medicados com GARDENAL em monoterapia, foram 9 (5 mulheres e 4 homens) moradores da mesma região, pertencentes à mesma faixa etária e salarial, selecionados entre os portadores de epilepsia que procuraram o Ambulatório do Hospital da Universidade São Francisco, de Bragança Paulista. Os dados foram coletados em duas sessões iguais, mas com intervalos de dois meses entre uma e outra realizadas com cada sujeito individualmente. Em cada sessão aplicamos dois instrumentos (ESP-CARDS e ISAC-CARDS), com 12 tentativas cada. Após a análise estatística das médias, verificamos que todos os sujeitos não-portadores de epilepsia apresentaram resultados significativos ao nível de 1% de significância, acima das médias teoricamente esperadas, nas duas sessões, mas somente quando testados com "ISAC-CARDS". Quando os mesmos sujeitos eram testados com "ESP-CARDS" as médias alcançadas nas duas sessões eram menores que as esperadas, sendo que na primeira sessão a média dos resultados com este instrumento era significativamente menor, ao nível de 1%, do que a esperada. Os sujeitos portadores de epilepsia obtiveram resultados estáveis nas duas sessões e com os dois instrumentos e surpreendentemente sempre levemente acima da média teoricamente esperada. Tais dados confirmam a existência da interferência arquetípica no fenômeno da clarividência em sujeitos não-portadores de epilepsia, e estimulam subsequentes verificações para esclarecer a surpreendente estabilidade paranormal nos sujeitos portadores de epilepsia de lobo temporal, tratados com GARDENAL (monoterapia), em ambos os testes.
Abstract: This work had the objective of experimentally verifying the interference of archetype image-symbols parapsychological clairvoyance phenomenon, both on people who suffer from temporal lobe epilepsy taking Gardena! as well as non epileptic ones. The 31 non epileptic people (15 males and 16 females) were selected among those who belong to the administrative staff at Universidade São Francisco in Bragança Paulista - SP, between 20 - 35 years of age, receiving up to 5 minimum wages, and living in the same region. The 9 people (5 males and 4 females) who suffer from temporal lobe epilepsy taking Gardenal as monotherapy, living in the same region, of the same age, and receiving the same salary were selected among people who suffer from epilepsy and looked for the hospital attendance at Universidade São Francisco in Bragança Paulista. The data were collected in two similar sessions, but with each subject individually. In each session we used the ESP-CARDS and ISAC-CARDS with 12 trials each. After a statistic analysis of the mean values, we concluded that those without epilepsy have shown significant results at the 1% level above the theoretically expected mean value, in both sessions, but only when tested with "ISAC-CARDS". When the same subjects were tested with "ESP-CARDS", the mean values achieved in both sessions were lower than the expected ones; in the first session the mean value of the results obtained with this instrument (ESP-CARDS) was significantly lower at the 1% level than the mean value expected. The subjects with epilepsy had stable results in two sessions and with the two instruments, but, surprisingly, always a little bit above the mean value theoretically expected. These data reassure mat there is an archetype interference in the clairvoyance phenomenon with subjects without epilepsy and they also stimulate subsequent verifications in order to clarify the surprising paranormal stability among subjects with lobe epilepsy.
Doutorado
Doutor em Saude Mental
Freitas, Daniele Pinheiro de. "Células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas da polpa de dente humano: caracterização e estudos funcionais em modelo experimental de epilepsia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2011. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4166.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-07-16T19:43:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Pinheiro de Freitas Células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas da polpa de dente....pdf: 2028523 bytes, checksum: cd8d31def021492a032a820714bfde3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Terapia celular é o conjunto de métodos e abordagens tecnológicas com a utilização de células no tratamento de doenças. A terapia com células-tronco tem despertado grande interesse na comunidade científica devido à capacidade que essas células indiferenciadas têm de preservar sua própria população e de se diferenciar em células dos diversos tecidos. Encontrar a fonte de célula-tronco apropriada para uso terapêutico depende de diversos fatores, como a sua capacidade de proliferação e estabilidade citogenética, assim como suas características fenotípicas e seu potencial de diferenciação. A epilepsia é uma desordem neurológica que acomete de 1 a 3% da população mundial. É caracterizada pela presença de crises espontâneas recorrentes (CER) e possui seu tratamento clínico baseado no emprego de drogas anti-epilépticas (DAES). O uso de células tronco apresenta-se como uma alternativa ao tratamento desta patologia. Este trabalho tem como objetivos caracterizar as células-tronco mesenquimais de polpa de dente decíduo humano e avaliar seu papel terapêutico no modelo de epilepsia do lobo temporal induzido por lítio-pilocarpina em ratos Wistar. As células da polpa de dente humano utilizadas nesse estudo foram submetidas à avaliação fenotípica, do seu potencial de diferenciação, e da estabilidade cromossômica. Para verificar os efeitos terapêuticos das células-tronco de polpa de dente em modelo experimental de epilepsia os animais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: SE-salina (n=10), que no transplante recebeu solução salina; SE-CDLH1 (n=13) que recebeu células-tronco de polpa de dente humano (107 células/animal), SE-CMO (n=8) que recebeu células mononucleares de medula óssea (107 células/animal) e o grupo controle (n=10) que não foi submetido ao status epilepticus (SE). As células foram transplantadas por via intraperitoneal. Foram realizadas análises, em diferentes espaços de tempo para avaliar migração celular por imunofluorescência e as crises espontâneas recorrentes. Para avaliar alterações de memória foi estudado o desempenho dos animais no labirinto aquático de Morris (LAM). As CDLH1 apresentaram estabilidade cromossômica (até a 8ª passagem); características imunofenotípicas de células mesenquimais, com alta expressão de CD105, CD73, CD 44, CD90, CD166, CD54, OCT-4, e STRO-1; capacidade de diferenciação nas linhagens adipogênicas, osteogênicas e condrogênicas. As CDLH1 migraram para o cérebro e baço dos ratos. Dos resultados terapêuticos observou-se a redução das crises espontâneas recorrentes nos animais tratados após 30 dias do SE e transplante, mas as células não foram capazes de bloquear essas crises (observado 60 dias pós-SE). Obtendo-se os mesmos resultados com o transplante de CMO. Já no estudo da memória não houve diferença estatística na latência de escape nos animais dos grupos epilépticos (tratado e não-tratado). Os animais do grupo controle (não epiléptico), apresentaram retenção de memória em relação aos animais dos grupos SE-salina e SE-CDLH1. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para que se possa estabelecer a utilização ideal das células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas da polpa de dente humano em relação às necessidades terapêuticas da epilepsia.
Cell therapy is the set of methods and technological approaches to the use of cells in treating diseases. The stem cell therapy has aroused great interest in the scientific community due to the capacity of these undifferentiated cells in preserving its own population and to differentiate into cells of various tissues. Finding the source of stem cells suitable for therapeutic use depends on various factors such as their ability to proliferate and cytogenetic stability, as well as their phenotypic characteristics and their potential of differentiation. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects 1-3% of world population. It is characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures (RSS) and has its medical treatment based on use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The use of stem cells is an alternative treatment for this pathology. This work aims to characterize the mesenchymal stem cells from human deciduous dental pulp and evaluate its therapeutic role in the model of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine in rats. The cells of the human dental pulp used in this study were subjected to phenotypic analysis of their potential of differentiation and chromosomal stability. To verify the therapeutic effects of stem cells from dental pulp in experimental epilepsy, the animals were divided into the following groups: SE-Saline (n = 10) transplanted with saline; SE-CDLH1 (n = 13) who received stem cells from human dental pulp (107 cells / animal), SE-CMO (n = 8) who received bone marrow mononuclear cells (107 cells / animal) and the control group (n = 10) who did not undergo status epilepticus (SE). The cells were transplanted by intraperitoneal route. Analyses were performed in different time to assess cell migration by immunofluorescence and recurrent spontaneous seizures. To evaluate changes in memory we studied the performance of the animals in the Morris water maze, after cell transplantation. Stem cells analyzed showed chromosomal stability (up to 8th passage); immunophenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal cells with high expression of CD105, CD73, CD 44, CD90, CD166, CD54, OCT-4, and STRO-1; ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The CDLH1 migrated throughout the brain and spleen of mice. The therapeutic results observed the reduction of recurrent spontaneous seizures in treated animals after 30 days of transplantation and SE, but cells were not able to block these seizures (observed 60 days post-SE). The same results were obtained with the transplantation of BMC. In the study of memory there was no statistical difference in escape latency of the epileptic groups (treated and untreated). Animals of control group (non epileptic) showed memory retention in comparison to groups saline-SE and SE-CDLH1. Further studies should be conducted so that we can determine the optimal use of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human dental pulp in relation to the therapeutic needs of the epilepsy.
N'GOUEMO, PROSPER. "Implication des sytemes catecholaminergiques et role du colliculus superieur dans le developpement et la generalisation de l'epilepsie limbique par embrasement amygdalien chez le rat." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11240.
Full textKücker, Saskia. "Basalganglien und Epilepsie elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen und experimentell-therapeutische Neurostimulation in Tiermodellen für die Temporallappenepilepsie /." Gießen : DVG-Service, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997312084/34.
Full textFerro, Zaquer Suzana Munhoz Costa. "Transplante de células mononucleares da medula óssea na epilepsia experimental induzida por lítio e pilocarpina em ratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32181.
Full textThe epilepsy is a chronic condition frequently accompanied by cellular loss and cognitive disturbance. Most of the time, it is difficult to know how much this occurs due to the base pathology that provokes epileptic crises, the epileptic crises by themselves or their treatment with anti-epilepsy medications, as well as the patient’s social-cultural context. In order to investigate the effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) on the neuroplasticity in the central nervous system, induced by status epilepticus, provoked by lithium and pilocarpine, epileptic and control rats were studied and received a transplant of (1x107 BMC/100μl or the same volume of saline solution, in the vein of the tail), 90 min after SE (acute group) or 22 days after SE (chronic group). Here we have demonstrated that, in the acute group, when comparing the control rats to the transplanted ones, BMCs were presented in the epileptic brain (1-3, 5, 10 and 120 days) after the transplant. In 10 days they expressed the microglial marker (CD11b), in 120 days they expressed the young neuronal marker (doublecortin). We verified by video monitoring, (15-21 days) after SE, that the rats from the treated group with BMCs did not present spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), and that, between 120-127 days after SE, 20% of the transplanted animals presented SRS. We observed significant neuronal loss in the three analyzed hippocampus regions (CA1, CA3 and hilo of GD) in the epileptic group that received the transplant of saline solution, being extremely significant in the region of CA1 (in 10 days); CA1, CA3 and in hilo of GD in (120 days) after the SE. However, in the group treated with BMCs, the neuronal loss was smaller in the areas analyzed in (120 days) after SE. The measures of the hippocampus volume revealed significant differences not observed between the epileptic group treated with BMCs, when compared to the non-epileptic control group, as in 10 as in 120 days after SE. Nevertheless, the hippocampus volume between the epileptic rats (non-treated and treated) presented a significant difference in 120 days. In the study of electrical activity in hippocampal slices, by comparing the epileptic rats data, we found a tendency of a greater facility in obtaining LTP in the treated group with BMCs (80% of the slices) while in the treated group with a saline solution an induction in (30% of the slices) it occurred 10 days after SE. This facility of induction was higher in 120 days after SE, where the induction of LTP occurred in 100% of the slices in the epileptic group treated with BMCs and in none of the epileptic group treated with saline solution. In the spatial reference memory version of the water Maze test, the performance of both epileptic experimental groups was impaired. Although this function was less affected in epileptic rats treated with BMCs than in saline treated rats. In the chronic group, we evaluated the epileptic rats behavior through video monitoring between the days 15-21 after SE, in the day 22 the rats were transplanted with BMCs from two different donors (1) Wistar rats and (2) EGFP C57/bl6 Mice, or saline solution, and were observed for more 7 days (1) and 14 days (2). It was verified that regardless on the donor, the rats had a decrease in the frequency of SRS of approximately 50% and of 53,5% [donors (1) and (2), respectively], when comparing the pos-period with the pre-treatment. We verified that the GFP-positive cells were found scattered through the whole epileptic rats brain 45 days after the transplant, and they were mainly present in the cortical areas and the dentate gyrus of hippocampus. Some of these cells expressed an adult neuronal marker (NeuN) and glial cells (GFAP). Nevertheless, this was not observed in acute and chronic groups, GFP-positive cells in the brain of the control rats (non-epileptic). The quantitative analysis of the sectors from the brain of the epileptic rats group treated with BMCs demonstrated that the number of neurons did not differ significantly from the control group (non-epileptic) in two evaluated regions (CA1 and hilo). In the study of neuronal sprouting, the group of rats treated with BMCs presented approximately 78,6% less sprout than the rats from the non-treated group. In the electrophysiological study LTP induced by tetanic stimulation was obtained in (100%) of the hipocampal slices of nonepileptic control rats, in (100%) of the slices of epileptic rats treated with BMCs and in none of the slices from the epileptic rats treated with saline solution. Our data suggest that the transplant of cells from the bone marrow protects and/or prevents the progression of chronic epilepsy.
Cordova, Sandro Daniel. "Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbico sobre parâmetros comportamentais em ratos jovens submetidos ao modelo experimental de status epilepticus." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32533.
Full textStatus epilepticus (SE) is characterized as a prolonged seizure activity or repeated seizures for a long period (30 min). In immature brains, this kind of seizure is associated with alterations such as neuronal loss and behavioral impairment during adulthood. Several authors have shown that physical exercise improves neurogenesis and can be beneficial to the cognitive function. In this study we evaluated the potential benefits of a low intensity treadmill exercise protocol in order to prevent or modify the long-standing cognitive alterations induced by SE in young Wistar rats. The SE was induced in 16 days old Wistar rats, by the administration of LiCl-pilocarpine. In one subset of animals we evaluated the neuronal loss 1, 3 or 7 days after the SE induction. SE increases the neurodegeneration in the CA1 hippocampal subfield and in the perirhinal cortex in all times tested. The neuronal loss was higher 1 day after lesion, when compared with 3 and 7 days after SE. Another subset of animals was submitted to a low intensity exercise protocol after SE induction, in order to investigate the potential benefits on SE-induced behavioral alterations. In the open field task, we did not find alterations in motor activity among the four groups tested (control, exercised, SE and SE+exercised). SE group presented a high number of trips and a low number of stops per trip when compared with exercised group, as well as a reduction in the trip length when compared with exercised and SE+exercised rats. The second behavioral test performed was the object recognition, where animals from the SE group showed a significantly long-term memory impairment in the adulthood. When SE-induced animals were submitted to the low intensity treadmill exercise protocol, the deficit in the recognition memory was completely reversed. SE-induced during early period of life did not alter any parameter in the plus maze task, indicating no anxietylike behavior. These data suggest that physical exercise may promote an improvement in cognitive function in seizure-induced rats, suggesting a potential application as complementary therapy in patients that suffered SE during the childhood.
Pedroso, Michele Franzen. "Epilepsia experimental e fármacos antiepilépticos : efeito na memória espacial e na potenciação de longa duração induzida in vitro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10535.
Full textJUSTIFICATION: The study of temporal lobe epilepsy is of great interest since its prevalence is high and not all patients can achieve acceptable seizure control. Even if the cognitive deficit due to epilepsy is multifactorial, the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), important in controlling the seizures, can aggravate cognitive and behavioral alterations. OBJETIVE: To evaluate how epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs influence spatial memory and the induction of the long term potentiation (LTP) phenomenon, in the CA1 hippocampal region, in pilocarpine-treated epileptic rats. METHODOLOGY: Animals were divided into groups according to the period of time in which they remained in status epilepticus (SE): Pilocarpine A (15minutes) and Pilocarpine B (90minutes). Previous to pilocarpine (250mg/kg i.p.), animals received methylescopolamine (1mg/kg i.p.) in order to attenuate peripheral cholinergic effects. Diazepan (4mg/kg) was administered 15 and 90 minutes after the SE onset to attenuate behavior manifestations. Animals that remained 90 minutes in SE started the chronic treatment with AEDs (45 days) 24 hours after SE induction. The drugs of choice were carbamazepine (CBZ) and Phenobarbital (PB), administered in both therapeutic and elevated doses (60mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 35mg/kg; 100mg/kg respectively). Learning and spatial memory were evaluated in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), according to the protocol of 4 training days (24 sessions). Later, the electrophysiological study of LTP was performed in vitro. RESULTS: We noted a long period of SE (90 minutes) is necessary for repercussions in spatial memory to occur. We verified significant difference between the group that remained in SE for a long period of time and the control group, in every day of training (p<0,05 ANOVA). There was no significant difference in the performance of control rats between the groups that received AEDs (ED50). No significant difference was found between pilocarpine-treated rats receiving AEDs and those which received saline, but there was significant difference when compared to control animals (p<0,05 ANOVA). No significant difference was found between chronic treatment epileptic and control animals, but there was a difference between the two doses of CBZ (p=0,034 ANOVA). Concerning electrophysiological recordings, it was difficult to obtain LTP in hippocampal slices from animals that underwent SE. Chronic treatment with AEDs (ED 50), significantly interfered in LTP induction in hippocampal slices from normal rats (χ2 =11,74 , p=0,01 in t Test), and makes it difficult to obtain LTP in slices from epileptic animals. LTP could not be induced in slices from rats that underwent chronic treatment with AEDs in elevated doses. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive deficit is directly related to time of SE, 90 minutes of SE are necessary in order to note repercussion in MWM. AEDs (CBZ ou FNB), in ED50, do not interfere in learning of control or epileptic rats, and in elevated dose does not interfere in the performance of epileptic animals. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy interferes in induction of LTP, and the longer the time of SE the more difficult it is to obtain LTP. Chronic treatment with CBZ or PB (ED50) interferes in LTP induction, for both control and pilocarpine-treated animals, and in elevated doses LTP cannot be obtained.
Silva, Andre Cesar da [UNIFESP]. "Estudo eletrofisiológico in vitro da formação hipocampal do roedor Proechimys guyannensis: uma especie animal resistente aos modelos experimentais de epilepsia." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2005. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/20554.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Fundo de Auxílio aos Docentes e Alunos (FADA)
Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (Pronex)
Proechimys guyannensis (PG), conhecido no Brasil popularmente como Casiragua, é uma espécie comum na região Amazônica e pertence à sub-ordem Hystricomorpha, família Echimyidae, gênero Proechimys. Esses animais têm sido extensivamente estudados em relação a sua ecologia e sua evolução, porém seu cérebro foi pobremente investigado. Em estudo realizado em nosso laboratório, o PG demonstrou uma grande resistência ao desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais de epilepsia. O status epilepticus (SE) induzido por pilocarpina teve uma curta duração na espécie PG, raramente excedendo 2 horas. De 48 PGs que evoluíram para o SE somente 2 apresentaram crises espontâneas e recorrentes. No modelo de epilepsia induzido por ácido caínico, nenhum dos animais sobreviventes apresentou crises espontâneas durante um longo período de observação (mais de 120 dias). De 43 animais submetidos ao modelo do abrasamento amigdaliano, apenas 3 animais atingiram o estadio 5 da escala de Racine. Estes achados indicam que os PGs podem ter mecanismos endógenos anticonvulsivantes representando um modelo de resistência a tratamentos epileptogênicos. Considerando a resistência desta espécie aos três modelos de epilepisa do lobo temporal in vivo supracitados, pareceu-nos interessante o estudo eletrofisiológico de sua circuitaria hipocampal, através de protocolos de indução de hiperexcitabilidade, como também a aplicação do protocolo da LTP (Long-term potentiation), para uma melhor elucidação de seu funcionamento básico e a identificação de possíveis alvos celulares responsáveis por este comportamento. Respostas extracelulares ortodrômicas típicas de CA1 (população de espículas: PE) foram encontradas na espécie PG com as mesmas características já descritas em trabalhos originais com ratos Wistar. O limiar para o aparecimento da população de espículas em presença de líquido cefalorraquiano artificial normal e frente ao protocolo de elevação do potássio extracelular foi maior na espécie PG, sendo significantemente maior com o protocolo de inibição GABAérgica (bicuculina). Nossos resultados mostraram que a espécie PG foi menos susceptível ao bloqueio da inibição, pois observamos apenas uma espícula subseqüente após o PE, e a ausência de atividade espontânea, atividade esta que esteve presente em todas as fatias de ratos Wistar. Corroborando com este resultado, o registro intracelular também apresentou um limiar de disparo de potencial de ação maior em relação aos Wistar. Apesar da ocorrência do fenômeno de LTP, este mostrou ser menos expressivo na espécie PG. Nos experimentos de retirada do íon Mg2+ do líquido cefalorraquiano artificial a espécie PG apresentou respostas semelhantes às encontradas no rato Wistar, a não ser pela a ausência de atividade espontânea. Frente a esses resultados, podemos concluir que a espécie PG apresenta uma circuitaria funcionalmente diferente da encontrada nos ratos Wistar, possivelmente devido a uma diferente distribuição e densidade dos receptores glutamatérgicos e GABAérgicos. Adicionalmente, nossos dados permitem sugerir a que a cinética das correntes iônicas possa ser diferente no PG, o que poderia explicar sua resistência e proteção contra a epileptogênese.
Proechimys guyannensis (PG) or Casiragua, a rodent popularly known in north region of Brazil (Amazonian Rain Forest), belongs to the Hystricomorpha suborder, Echimyidae family and Proechimys genre. Although this animal has been frequently used in ecological studies, little is known about its brain organization. Our laboratory has demonstrated that PG is very resistant to experimental models of epilepsy such as the pilocarpine model. The status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine lasts approximately 2 hours in PG and spontaneous seizures in the chronic period of the model is not observed. Also, with the protocol of intrahippocampal kainic acid administration, spontaneous recurrent seizures were never observed even during a long period of observation (120 days). From 43 PG animals submitted to amygdala kindling, only 3 reached the stage 5 of Racine. Altogether, these findings suggest that PG brain could have endogenous anticonvulsant mechanisms thus constituting a model of resistance to epileptogenic induction. Based on this aspect, we found interesting to look at the eletrophysiological in vitro properties of the hippocampal circuitry with protocols of hiperexcitability and LTP in order to understand the possible underlying mechanisms for this resistance to epileptogenicity. Typical evoked orthodromic field potentials (population spikes) were found in CA1 of PG. These extracellular responses showed the same characteristics widely reported in other rodent species. However, higher threshold for population spike (PS) appearance was observed. In agreement with this finding, invasive intracellular somata recordings showed a higher threshold to action potential firing when compared to Wistar rats. Our results also showed that PG was less susceptible to the GABAergic blockade by bicuculine (rare single recurrent spike). In addition, no spontaneous activity could be recorded. Although the PS characteristics were similar to those observed in Wistar, no spontaneous activity was observed in the 0 Mg2+ protocol. Regarding LTP, although the protocol have induced successfully a potentiation in extracellular potential recorded in PG, the response reached an amplitude significantly less expressive than that observed in Wistar rats Taken together our results suggest that PG has a hippocampal circuitry functionally different from Wistar rat. This may be due to a different distribution and/or density of glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors or to differences in their currents kinetics
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Pflüger, Pricila Fernandes. "Parâmetros comportamentais e neurotóxicos de gama-decanolactona em modelos experimentais de epilepsia, estresse oxidativo e genotoxicidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150328.
Full textGamma-decanolactone (GD) is a monoterpene compound similar to natural lactones in structure, which are present in different species and are used as remedy in the Amazonian region. GD shows an anticonvulsant effect in both the acute and chronic pentileneterazole (PTZ) models and acts as a non-competitive glutamate antagonist. Considering previous studies on biological activities of GD, the present study aimed to explore its anticonvulsant profile in different epilepsy models in mice and on oxidative stress parameters in N9 cell. The anticonvulsant activity of GD (100 and 300 mg/kg) was investigated on seizures induced by aminophylline (AMPH), isoniazid (INH), picrotoxin (PCT), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) an pilocarpine (PIL) in male mice. The animals received one administration of saline (SAL), GD or the positive control diazepam (DZP 2 mg/kg), and after 30 min they received the following convulsant agents: AMPH, INH, PCT, 4-AP or PIL The parameters evaluated during 1h were the latency to first seizure, the occurrence of seizure and the mortality rate. In order to evaluate the neurotoxicity of GD 100 and 300 mg/kg, the rotarod performance test was performed. The time to fall of the rotarod was recorded at different times after the GD administration. The results demonstrated that GD was able to extend the latency to first seizure induced by AMPH, INH, 4-AP and PIL, but not PCT. In the rotarod test GD 300mg/kg reduced the latency to fall of the bar just at 30 min after the administration, but not at 60, 90 or 120 min. The above results revealed that GD presented an anticonvulsant effect in the epilepsy models used in this study, especially at the dosage of 300mg/kg, as well as the latency to the first seizure, suggesting that the GD could modulate the adenosine and GABA pathways and affect potassium channels directly or indirectly. The role of gamma-decanolactone (GD) on oxidative stress in pilocarpine-induced SE was investigated by measuring ROS production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, nitrite content, and DNA damage in the mice cerebral cortex. GD was able to increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, decreased the ROS, NO production, and DNA damage during the SE establishment in the cerebral cortex. These data suggest that the cortex use SOD and CAT enzymes as the major free-radicals scavenging system, and GD provides neuroprotection against the increase of oxidative stress in the brain. Because previous works have consistently demonstrated the N9 microglial-neuronal system for neuroinflammation investigations, these cells are considered appropriate for this kind of research. To investigate the inhibitory effect of GD on the production of ROS and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated N9 murine microglial cells through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The results in vitro the GD attenuated the activation of N9 cells and inhibited intracellular ROS and the expression of iNOS and TNF-α induced by LPS in the cells. In addition, GD blocked the phosphorylation of p38 and inhibited cleaved caspase-9 and DNA damage. These data indicate that GD has therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and that it exerts its effects by inhibiting inflammation.
Valente, Sandra Gomes [UNIFESP]. "Efeito da reposição hormonal no hipocampo de ratas adultas castradas submetidas ao modelo experimental de epilepsia induzido por pilocarpina." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2005. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/20646.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (PRONEX)
Fundo de Auxílio aos docentes e Alunos (FADA)
0 modelo experimental de epilepsia, induzido por pilocarpina, em fêmeas inicialmente descrito por Amado e cols., (1993). Após esses achados, vários estudos continuaram a ser efetuados na tentativa de se obter um conhecimento maior do envolvimento hormonal no fenômeno epileptogênico. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo, estudar a função dos hormônios sexuais no modelo de epilepsia induzido por pilocarpina, em ratas castradas. Utilizamos como grupo de estudos: (a) animais controles (estro, metaestro, diestro, proestro e castradas), (b) animais experimentais, que receberam pilocar pina e foram estudados na fase crônica do modelo (intacta crônica e castrada crônica) e (c) animais castrados, que na fase crônica do modelo foram submetidas à terapia de reposição hormonal (castrada crônica tratada com acetato de medroxiprogesterona, castrada crônica tratada com 17beta-estradiol e castrada crônica tratada com acetato de medroxiprogesterona + 17beta-estradiol. Pudemos verificar que todos os animais castrados tiveram atrofia genital após 4 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. Além disso, todos os animais que receberam pilocarpina apresentaram crises espontâneas e recorrentes na fase crônica. O estudo da distribuição hipocampal de parvalbumina mostrou que a marcação para esta proteína sofre flutuações durante as fases ao ciclo estral e apresenta maior marcação no grupo de ratas castradas que receberam acetato de medoxiprogesterona + 17beta-estradiol. Em relação à freqüência de crises o melhor tratamento após a castração foi aquele onde houve reposição de acetato de medoxiprogesterona + 17beta-estradiol. Entretanto, animais que receberam a reposição somente com acetato de medoxiprogesterona também tiveram redução do número de crises. Além disso, o tratamento hormonal também foi capaz de estabilizar o brotamento supragranular de fibras musgosas, mostrando a importância desses hormônios no desenvolvimento da epilepsia em fêmeas.
The epilepsy model, induced by pilocarpine, in females was described by Amado et al., (1993) and was been used to understand the effect of hormones in epileptogenesis. Therefore this work was as objective, to study the function of sexual hormones in the epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine in castrated rats. We use as groups: (a) controls animals (estrus, metaestrus, diestrus, proestrus and castrated), (b) experimental animals, that was received pilocarpine and it was studied in the chronic phase of the model (normal chronic and castrated chronic) and (c) castrated animals, that in the chronic phase it was submitted to the hormonal replace therapy (castrated chronic treated with medroxiprogesterone acetate, castrated chronic treated with 17β- estradiol and castrated chronic treated with medroxiprogesterone acetate + 17β-estradiol. We could verify that all the castrated animals were genital atrophy 4 days of the surgical procedure. Moreover, all the animals that were received pilocarpine presented spontaneous recurrent seizures in the chronic phase. The study of the hipocampal distribution of parvalbumine showed that the staining for this protein presents fluctuations during the phases from the estrous cycle and presents greater staining in the group of castrated rats that was received medoxiprogesterone acetate + 17β-estradiol. In the frequency of seizures the best treatment after the castration was that one where medoxiprogesterone acetate + 17β-estradiol. However, animals that received the replacement only medoxiprogesterone acetate also was reduction of the number of seizures. Moreover, the hormonal treatment also was capable os stabilize the sprouting mossy fibers, showing the importance of these hormones in the development of the epilepsy in females rats.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Camozzato, Tatiane Sabriela Cagol. "Efeito do transplante de células tronco mesenquimais e de células lisadas da medula óssea em ratos submetidos ao modelo lítio-pilocarpina." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4513.
Full textEpilepsy affects 1% of the world population and 30% of these patients are refractory to medication now available. Stem cells host hope in the treatment of epilepsy. Given their ability to proliferate, differentiate and regenerate tissues they could fix neural circuits and reestablish the physiological excitability of neurons. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cells that underwent a process or lysis obtained from the bone marrow on seizure control and on progressive neuronal loss induced by experimental epilepsy. Experimental status epilepticus (SE) was induced by lithium-pilocarpine injection (127 mg/kg; ip and 60 mg/kg; ip respectively). Seizures were scored by Racine’s scale. The duration of SE was controlled with diazepan (10mg/kg; ip; 90 minutes after SE onset). Control animals received saline other than pilocarpine. Twenty-two days after SE, rats were randomly assigned into five groups: PILO; PILO+MSC; PILO+Lysis, Control and Control+MSC. MSC groups received cell transplantation (obtained from EGFP C57BL/6 mice). PILO+Lysis rats also received cells obtained from the bone marrow of EGFP C57BL/6 mice, but that previously underwent lysis. The other groups received saline in the same volume. All transplants were via tail vein (104-6 cells, 200μL).Pilocarpine-treated animals were monitored for the presence of spontaneous seizures for 21 days (7 prior to cell transplant and 14 afterwards). Forty-five days later rats were evaluated in: the Morris water maze (MWM), the object recognition task, open field and the elevated plus maze. Twenty-four hours, 7, 14, 21, 60 and 135 days after the transplant rats were sacrificed. The hippocampi were collected in order to verify the presence of EGFP using PCR. Rats included in the histological evaluation were sacrificed 4 months after transplantation. The hippocampal volume, volumes of CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4, as well as density and total of cells were evaluated. Finally, MSC bone marrow cells were evaluated via flow cytometry before and after culture. Our results show that MSC do not reduced the frequency of spontaneous seizures. On the other hand, animals given lysed cells had reduced seizure frequency. In addtion, epileptic rats treated with MSC had improved performance in the object recognition task, but not in the MWM. On the other hand, the treatment with lysed cells did not lead to improvement in any of the aforementioned tasks. We also observed that lithium-pilocarpine-treated animals showed lower cell count, density and hippocampal volume when compared to control rats. Furthermore, neither MSC or Lise led to significative changes in any of the analysed variables, except for hippocampal volume, which was increased in PILO+MSC and PILO+Lysis when compared to PILO animals. The flow cytometry analysis of the samples revealed that MSC were positive to CD45, CD19, CD34, CD117 and Sca-1. Finally, we detected EGFP in samples obtained from the hippocampus of transplanted animals. During the last years much has been done to study the application of stem cells in several neurodegenerative diseases. In the future, this kind of approach can also be valid in the treatment of chronic epilepsy, although the ideal stem cell type remains to be established.
A epilepsia atinge cerca de 1% da população mundial, sendo que aproximadamente 30% desses pacientes não respondem ao tratamento medicamentoso. Por sua vez, as células tronco representam uma esperança de tratamento da epilepsia, porquanto têm grande capacidade de proliferação, diferenciação e regeneração de tecidos, podendo restaurar circuitos neurais e restabelecer a excitabilidade neuronal fisiológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se as células tronco mesenquimais (CTM) ou se células lisadas (Lise Celular) obtidas da medula óssea apresentam potencial terapêutico no controle das crises epilépticas e do dano neuronal progressivo induzido pela epilepsia experimental. Os animais foram injetados com lítio-pilocarpina (127 mg/kg e 60 Mg/kg i. p., respectivamente) para indução de status epilepticus (SE). As crises comportamentais foram classificadas de acordo com a escala de Racine e a duração do SE foi controlada com diazepam (10 mg/kg, i. p., 90 minutos). Os animais controle receberam solução salina. Após 22 dias, o total dos animais foi dividido em cinco grupos: PILO; PILO+CTM, PILO+Lise, Salina e Salina+CTM. Os grupos CTM receberam transplante de células tronco mesenquimais, obtidas da medula óssea de camundongos EGFP C57BL/6. O grupo PILO+Lise recebeu células também provenientes da medula óssea desses animais, mas que passaram previamente por um processo de lise celular. Os animais dos grupos Salina e PILO receberam solução salina. Todos os transplantes foram feitos via veia da cauda (104-6 células, 200μL).Os animais tratados com pilocarpina (PILO) foram monitorados por vídeo durante sete dias pré-transplante, e outros catorze dias após o procedimento, para observação e computação de crises espontâneas recorrentes (CERs). Ainda, 45 dias depois da injeção das células os animais foram avaliados nas seguintes tarefas: labirinto aquático de Morris (LAM), reconhecimento de objetos, campo aberto e labirinto em cruz elevado. Decorridos 24 horas, 07 dias, 14 dias, 21 dias, 60 dias e 135 dias do transplante os animais foram sacrificados, e foram coletados os hipocampos direito e esquerdo para análise da presença de EGFP por PCR. Para a avaliação histológica, os animais foram sacrificados 04 meses após o transplante, tendo sido analisados o volume hipocampal, o volume dos núcleos CA1, CA2, CA3 e CA4, bem como a densidade e o número total de células nestes núcleos. Finalmente, as células provenientes da medula óssea de camundongos C57/BL6 antes e após serem cultivadas foram avaliadas por citometria de fluxo. Nossos resultados demonstram que as células mesenquimais injetadas não reduzem as CERs. Já para os animais tratados com lisado celular, verificamos que há redução na freqüência de crises. A administração de CTM aos animais tratados com PILO promoveu melhora cognitiva no paradigma do reconhecimento de objetos, sem, porém, melhorar a performance destes animais no LAM. O tratamento com lisado celular, por sua vez, não levou a melhor desempenho em quaisquer dos paradigmas cognitivos citados acima. Por meio da análise histológica podemos observar que os animais tratados com lítio-pilocarpina apresentavam contagem total de células, densidade e volume inferiores aos animais controle. Ainda, CTM ou Lise não produziram aumento significativo em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, com exceção do volume hipocampal, que se apresentou maior nos grupos PILO+CTM no hemisfério direito e PILO+Lise em ambos os hemisférios. Por outro lado, a análise dos dados obtidos na citometria de fluxo revelou que as CTM são positivas para os seguintes marcadores de superfície CD45, CD19, CD34, CD117 e Sca-1. Finalmente, detectamos a presença de EGFP em amostras obtidas do hipocampo de animais transplantados com CTM, resultado que demonstra que as células administradas intravenosamente migram ao sistema nervoso central. Nos últimos anos, estudos que buscam tratamentos baseados em células tronco para as mais diversas doenças neurodegenerativas foram vistos com muito interesse. Este tipo de tratamento pode, no futuro, ser útil também no tratamento da epilepsia crônica, embora ainda seja preciso estabelecer com mais clareza o tipo de célula tronco ideal.
Cardim, Danilo Augusto. "Caracterização do comportamento da pressão intracraniana pelos métodos de monitoramento minimamente invasivo e invasivo no modelo experimental de epilepsia da pilocarpina." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1364.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
In this work, a new minimally invasive (ICPmi) and an invasive (ICPi) intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring methods were used to evaluate intracranial pressure behavior in chronic epileptic rats, induced by the experimental model of pilocarpine. Using adult Wistar rats after three months from pilocarpine induced status epilepticus or control procedures, animals underwent a procedure for magnetic resonance imaging acquisition in order to verify volumetric changes in the hippocampal regions. Then, their ICPs were monitored simultaneously for 1 h using ICPmi and ICPi methods, followed by Neo-Timm histological processing of their brains after a week. Analyses consisted of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) frequency quantification for the pilocarpine group; and for both groups, volume determination of the hippocampal regions using MRI techniques, short-time Fourier transform for ICPi and spectral frequency determinations for ICPmi and ICPi, and mossy fiber sprouting presence verification. Spectral frequency analysis demonstrated a correspondence between ICPmi and ICPi in the frequency domain for both groups. For short-time Fourier transform analysis, oscillations along monitoring time in the ICP frequency were noticeable for the epileptic compared with the control animals. SRSs frequency quantification for the chronic epileptic animals showed an increasing number of seizures along experimental time. Tissue volume measurements for rostral, caudal and total hippocampus showed statistically significant reductions in the pilocarpine group compared to the control. All animals from the epileptic group presented mossy fiber sprouting in comparison with the control group. ICP characteristics of individuals with epilepsy are not elucidated in the literature, since there are few studies associating these two important neurological factors. This work is intended to provide a preliminary experimental approach to these topics of major public health importance.
Neste trabalho, o comportamento da pressão intracraniana em ratos epilépticos crônicos induzidos pelo modelo experimental de pilocarpina foi avaliado por meio de um novo método minimamente invasivo e outro invasivo. Ratos Wistar adultos após três meses de indução ao status epilepticus ou procedimentos controle foram submetidos a um processo para a aquisição de imagens de ressonância magnética, a fim de verificar alterações volumétricas nas regiões hipocampais produzidas pelo modelo da pilocarpina. Posteriormente a estes procedimentos, os animais foram monitorados simultaneamente por uma hora com os métodos de monitoramento da pressão intracraniana minimamente invasivo e invasivo, e após uma semana, submetidos a perfusão e processamento histológico de seus encéfalos para a técnica de neo-Timm. As análises consistiram da quantificação da frequência de crises espontâneas e recorrentes para o grupo pilocarpina; e para ambos os grupos, determinação do volume das regiões hipocampais, transformada de Fourier de tempo curto para os dados obtidos com o método invasivo, determinação do espectro de frequências para os dados obtidos com os métodos minimamente invasivo e invasivo, e verificação da presença de brotamento de fibras musgosas. A análise do espectro de frequências demonstrou uma correspondência no domínio da frequência para ambos os grupos para os dois métodos de monitoramento da pressão intracraniana utilizados. Em relação à análise da transformada de Fourier de tempo curto, foram observadas oscilações ao longo do tempo de monitoramento quanto às frequências da pressão intracraniana nos animais epilépticos em comparação com os controles. A quantificação de frequência de crises para os animais epilépticos crônicos apresentou um número crescente ao longo do tempo experimental. A volumetria hipocampal mostrou reduções estatisticamente significativas no grupo pilocarpina em comparação com o controle. Todos os animais epilépticos utilizados neste estudo apresentaram brotamentos de fibras musgosas quando comparados ao grupo controle. O comportamento da pressão intracraniana em indivíduos com epilepsia não está elucidado na literatura, uma vez que existem poucos estudos associando esses dois importantes fatores neurológicos. Este trabalho vem colaborar com esta questão, na tentativa de fornecer uma abordagem experimental introdutória a estes temas de grande importância para a saúde pública.
Silva, Daniele Vieira da. "Papel do baço na resposta inflamatória cerebral em modelo experimental de epilepsia em ratos tratados com células mononucleares de medula óssea." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7514.
Full textEpilepsy comprehends a category of syndromes characterized by spontaneous and recurrent crises (SRCs), which are a result of intense electric activity, synchronized and rhythmic of neuronal populations of the central nervous system (CNS), and of excessive excitability in the absence of a toxic-metabolic condition or fever 1 2, 3. Experimental studies have shown that SE induction in rodents provokes pronounced inflammatory cerebral reaction involving endothelial cells, glia, and neurons4, 5. Our group has shown that intravenous bone marrow cells administration following lithium-pilocarpine SE induction reduces SRCs, improves cognitive function, and modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines6, 7. The spleen is important to induce cerebral inflammatory response and also is an important target for stem cell intervention therapies8. Splenectomy before a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) significantly reduces the infarction size in the brain9. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that in the pilocarpine model splenectomy decreases the severity of crises, the time to SE onset, and the mortality rate caused by SE10. The aim of the present work was investigating the importance of the interaction between bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) and the spleen in epileptic rats. As a result, the animals treated with BMC presented a better capability of memory retrieval in the Morris aquatic maze (MAM) when compared to the treated animals without the spleen. Besides, the treatment did not present the potential of reducing the levels of IL-1 β or of increasing the levels of IL-10 in the serum and hippocampus of treated rats without the spleen. In conclusion, the work suggests that the spleen could be involved in the therapeutic effect promoted by BMC transplant.
A epilepsia compreende uma categoria de síndromes que se caracterizam por crises espontâneas e recorrentes (CERs), que são resultados de disparos elétricos intensos, sincronizados e rítmicos de populações neuronais no sistema nervoso central (SNC) e de excitabilidade excessiva, na ausência de condição tóxico-metabólica ou febril. 1 2, 3 Pesquisas experimentais mostram que a indução do Status Epilépticos (SE) em roedores provoca reação inflamatória cerebral pronunciada envolvendo as células endoteliais, glia e neurônios. 4, 5 Nosso grupo mostrou que a administração de células da medula óssea por via intravenosa depois da indução do SE por lítio-pilocarpina é capaz de reduzir as CERs, melhorar a função cognitiva e modular a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. 6, 7 O baço é importante na indução da resposta inflamatória cerebral e também é um alvo importante para a intervenção de células-tronco. 8 A esplenectomia antes do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) reduz significativamente o tamanho do infarto no cérebro. 9 Foi também demonstrado que no modelo da pilocarpina, a esplenectomia diminuiu a gravidade das crises, o tempo para o início do SE, e a taxa de mortalidade causada pelo SE. 10 O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar a importância da interação entre células mononucleares da medula óssea (CMMO) e o baço em ratos epilépticos. Como resultado do trabalho nossos animais tratados com as CMMO apresentaram melhor capacidade de reter a memória no teste do LAM quando comparados aos animais tratados sem o baço. Além disso, nesses animais o tratamento não teve o potencial de reduzir as taxas de IL-1 β no soro e nem de aumentar os níveis de IL-10 no soro e no hipocampo de ratos tratados e sem o baço. Concluindo, o trabalho sugere que o baço possa estar envolvido modulando a cascata inflamatória no efeito terapêutico promovido pelo transplante de CMMO.
Kücker, Saskia [Verfasser]. "Basalganglien und Epilepsie : elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen und experimentell-therapeutische Neurostimulation in Tiermodellen für die Temporallappenepilepsie / vorgelegt von Saskia Kücker." Gießen : DVG-Service, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997312084/34.
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