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Journal articles on the topic 'Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate'
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Rahmat, Budy, Ida Hodiyah, Apip Supriadi, Memet Hikmat, and Gilang Purnama. "Design of biogas digester with thermophilic pretreatment for reducing fruits wastes." International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, S1 (October 1, 2019): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00301-y.
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Abstract Purpose This study aimed to design a biogas digester that works thermophilically and mesophilically and tested its performance to produce biogas and digestate. Methods This study used some experimental methods, which consists of: (1) design and construction process of the digester which can facilitate the thermophilic process as a pretreatment of the feedstock and the anaerobic digestion process of the substrate; (2) determination of the quantity of biogas, liquid digestate, and compost; and (3) testing digestate quality as a liquid organic fertilizer for Ipomoea reptans. Results The built biogas digester was able to accommodate thermophilic digestion that runs intensely in the pretreatment tank, where the complex organic compounds, namely cellulose and hemicellulose, decomposed intensively, so that it becomes a suitable substrate. As raw material, every 4 kg of banana waste, can produce biogas, digestate and dry compost of 10,200 cm3 (highest yield), 5900 mL, and 1420 g, respectively. The highest Ipomoea reptans growth was achieved by digestate treatment from banana waste. Conclusions Thermophilic pretreatment could shorten the processing time to 3 days. Digestate treatment as a liquid organic fertilizer is able to provide a better supply of nutrients for plants.
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Baryga, Andrzej, Bożenna Połeć, Andrzej Klasa, and Tomasz Piotr Olejnik. "Application of Sugar Beet Pulp Digestate as a Soil Amendment in the Production of Energy Maize." Processes 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050765.
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This study aimed to determine the suitability of sugar beet pulp digestion by-products as soil amendments for maize grown for energy purposes. In a plot experiment, nitrogen fertilizer at a standard rate of 200 kg N ha−1 was applied as a control vs. treatment with solid and liquid digestate fractions. Digestate was obtained from a gasifier processing only sugar beet pulp. Following harvest, heating and calorific values were determined together with the yield and chemical composition of the maize cob and stover. It was found that soil amendment with crude (unseparated) digestate or its two fractions (separated into liquid and solid) produced higher yields of maize cobs and stover compared with the application of standard fertilizer. An analysis of the energy value of the maize plant revealed differences between the studied soil treatments. Cobs obtained from plots treated with the digestate showed higher calorific and heating values than those obtained from control plots; however, maize stover from control plots showed higher calorific and heating values compared with plants from other experimental plots. It can be concluded that by-products obtained from sugar beet pulp digestion can be alternatively used as a soil amendment for maize production in a crop rotation with sugar beet. Among studied amendments the solid fraction of the digestate was found to have the best performance.
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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz, Mateusz Wnukowski, Przemysław Seruga, Marcin Baranowski, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk, Krystian Krochmalny, and Lukasz Niedzwiecki. "Treatment of Liquid By-Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Agricultural Digestate Using Membrane Separation." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010262.
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Agriculture affects both the quantity and the quality of water available for other purposes, which becomes problematic, especially during increasingly frequent severe droughts. This requires tapping into the resources that are typically neglected. One such resource is a by-product of anaerobic digestion, in which moisture content typically exceeds 90%. Application of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to this residue could partially remove organic and inorganic material, improve dewatering, decrease the overall solid mass, sanitize the digestate, change its properties, and eliminate problems related with emissions of odors from the installation. However, a significant gap still exists in terms of the dewatering of the hydrochars and the composition of the effluents. This work presents results of experimental investigation focused on the removal of organic compounds from the HTC effluent. Results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of liquid by-products of HTC of the agricultural digestate showed that acetic acid, 3-pyridinol, 1-hydroxyacetone, and 1,3-propanediol were the main liquid organic products of the process. Application of ultrafiltration process with the use of 10 kDa membrane for liquid HTC by-product treatment allows for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand up to 30%, biological oxygen demand up to 10%, and dissolved organic carbon up to 21%.
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Caruso, C., C. Maucieri, A. Barco, A. C. Barbera, and M. Borin. "Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and digestate fertilisation on triticale biomass production using fungicide-coated seeds." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 57, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2018-0005.
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AbstractCrop fertilisation management using organic wastes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation can play a crucial role in the sustainability of agroecosystems. However, in conventional agricultural systems, agrochemicals like fungicides could reduce the positive effect of AMF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic (biomass production) and environmental (soil CO2 emission) effects of AMF inoculation and digestate spreading on triticale cultivation using commercial seeds coated with fungicide. The field experiment was conducted in 2014–2015 at the University of Padua’s experimental farm (Italy), adopting a split-plot design, where the main plot factor was AMF inoculation (inoculated vs. uninoculated) and the subplot factor was fertilisation treatment (no fertilisation (NF), digestate liquid fraction (DL), digestate solid fraction (DS), mineral fertilisation (MF)). Low AMF root colonization was observed, likely due to the effect of fungicide; the only significant effect of AMF inoculation was a lower shoot density. Dry biomass production was significantly higher in the MF treatment (21.8 ± 1.04 Mg/ha) and lower in the NF treatment (14.5 ± 0.73 Mg/ha) compared to DS and DL treatments, which were not significantly different with an average yield of 17.2 ± 2.10 Mg/ha. During the cropping season, soil CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by either AMF inoculation or fertilisation treatment. The median value of soil CO2 emissions was 447.3 mg/m2 per hour.
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Takao, H., Y. Murayama, T. Saguchi, T. Ishibashi, M. Ebara, K. Irie, H. Yoshioka, et al. "Endovascular Treatment of Experimental Cerebral Aneurysms Using Thermoreversible Liquid Embolic Agents." Interventional Neuroradiology 12, no. 1_suppl (January 2006): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199060120s126.
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We have developed a new embolic agent, thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP). This polymer is unique in that solidification occurs at body temperature. The utility of this new liquid embolic agent for the treatment of large experimental aneurysms was evaluated angiographically. TGP remains liquid at temperatures below the sol-gel transition temperature (TT) and becomes gelatinous above the TT. TGP can also be used to slowly deliver biologically active substances such as growth factors or engineered cells. In this study, TGP was mixed with radiopaque material without solvent. Bilateral common carotid arteries of swine (n=5) were used for surgical creation of lateral aneurysms, then 1 aneurysm in each animal was embolized using TGP without any protection device. The remaining untreated aneurysm in each animal was used as a control. All aneurysms were successfully embolized using TGP. No distal migration of TGP was observed when aneurysms were embolized without using protection devices. TGP can be safely used to embolize experimental aneurysms. Embolization of aneurysms with a protection device needs to be evaluated. Further modifications such as mechanical stability and use as a drug delivery system will be necessary prior to the clinical application of TGP.
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Berenstein, Alejandro, Joon K. Song, Tomoyuki Tsumoto, Katsunari Namba, and Yasunari Niimi. "TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL ANEURYSMS WITH AN EMBOLIC-CONTAINING DEVICE AND LIQUID EMBOLIC AGENT." Neurosurgery 64, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000335790.91413.64.
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Szymańska, Magdalena, Ewa Szara, Adam Wąs, Tomasz Sosulski, Gijs van Pruissen, and René Cornelissen. "Struvite—An Innovative Fertilizer from Anaerobic Digestate Produced in a Bio-Refinery." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020296.
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This paper presents the results of a pot experiment aimed at the assessment of the fertilizer value of struvite, a precipitation product obtained from a liquid fraction of the digestate. The effects of struvite (STR), struvite + ammonium sulphate (STR + N) and ammonium phosphate (AP) treatments were examined on maize and grass cultivation on silty loam and loamy sand soil. The crop yields were found to depend on both the soil type and experimental treatment. Crop yields produced under STR and STR + N exceeded those under the control treatments by respectively 66% and 108% for maize, and 94% and 110% for grass. Crop yields under STR + N were similar or greater than those under the AP treatment. The nitrogen recovery by maize and grass reached respectively 68% and 62% from the struvite and 78% and 52% from AP. The phosphorus recovery by maize and grass reached 7.3% and 4.8%, respectively, from struvite (i.e., STR and STR + N), which was lower than that from the AP (18.4% by maize and 8.1% by grass).
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Ismailov, T. A., O. V. Evdulov, M. A. Khazamova, T. A. Ragimova, and R. A. M. Magomadov. "THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE FOR INTRACAVITARY HYPOTHERMIA." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 3 (November 24, 2019): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-3-20-31.
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Objectives In this research, we aimed to develop a thermoelectric device (TED) for intracavitary hypothermia, to carry out experimental studies into its functional characteristics, as well as to develop treatment procedures using this device.Method A TED design for intracavitary hypothermia was developed, consisting of two thermoelectric batteries (TEBs) interconnected using an allmetal heat pipeline equipped with an influencing applicator and a liquid heat exchanger. Experimental studies of the device were carried out on a designed bench, which included a climatic chamber, a source of electrical energy and a temperature meter connected to a PC. Results Temperature changes at the control points of the device were recorded over time. Changes in the time taken to stabilise temperatures of the device tip, heat pipe and heat sink system at different TEB supply currents were investigated. Possible methods for treating some ENT diseases using the developed device are described.Conclusion It is shown that the temperature of the applicator is stabilised after approximately 4-4.5 minutes without load. At the same time, an increase in the current of the additional TEB from 5 to 12 A at the main TEB current of 23 A reduces the temperature from 237 K to 224 K. In the process of carrying out the procedures, the necessary level of a decrease in the temperature of a biological object can be reached at the supply current of the main and additional TEBs equal to 23 and 12 A, respectively, after 2.5 minutes. The full potential of the TED device will be realised through the developed of methods for treating ENT diseases.
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Ho, Chii-Dong, Hsuan Chang, Yih-Hang Chen, Jun-Wei Lim, and Jing-Wei Liou. "Conjugated Mass Transfer of CO2 Absorption through Concentric Circular Gas–Liquid Membrane Contactors." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091580.
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A new design of gas absorption that winds the permeable membrane onto an inner concentric tube to conduct a concentric circular gas–liquid membrane module has been studied theoretically in the fully developed region. An analytical formulation, referred to as conjugated Graetz problems, is developed to predict the concentration distribution and Sherwood numbers for the absorbent fluid flowing in the shell side and CO2/N2 gas mixture flowing in the tube side under various designs and operating parameters. The analytical solutions to the CO2 absorption efficiency were developed by using a two-dimensional mathematical modeling, and the resultant conjugated partial differential equations were solved analytically using the method of separation variables and eigen-function expansion in terms of power series. The predictions of CO2 absorption rate by using Monoethanolamide (MEA) solution in concentric circular membrane contactors under both concurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations are developed theoretically and confirmed with the experimental results. Consistency in both a good qualitative and quantitative sense is achieved between the theoretical predictions and experimental results. The advantage of the present mathematical treatment provides a concise expression for the chemical absorption of CO2 by MEA solution to calculate the absorption rate, absorption efficiency, and average Sherwood number. The concentration profiles with the mass-transfer Graetz number, inlet CO2 concentration, and both gas feed and absorbent flow rates are also emphasized. Both theoretical predictions and experimental results show that the device performance of the countercurrent-flow operation is better than that of the concurrent-flow device operation. The availability of such simplified expressions of the absorption rate and averaged Sherwood as developed directly from the analytical solutions is the value of the present study.
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Fan, Zhong Yun, Yu Bo Zuo, and Bo Jiang. "A New Technology for Treating Liquid Metals with Intensive Melt Shearing." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.141.
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Melt quality is crucial for both continuous and shape casting of light alloys. Gas, oxides and other inclusions in the melt usually deteriorate the quality of the casting products. Conventional refining techniques, such as filtration and rotary degassing, can refine the melt by removing the inclusions although they are costly and time-consuming. A new technology for liquid metal treatment through intensive melt shearing was developed recently to improve the melt quality prior to metal casting. The new technology uses a simple rotor-stator unit to provide intensive melt shearing, which disperses effectively the harmful inclusions into fine particles to enhance nucleation during the subsequent solidification processing. Experimental results have demonstrated that the high shear unit can be used for general melt treatment, physical grain refinement, degassing and preparation of metal matrix composites and semisolid slurries. In this paper we offer an overview of the high shear device and its application in processing light alloys.
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Morgan, Robert, Christian Rota, Emily Pike-Wilson, Tim Gardhouse, and Cian Quinn. "The Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Cryogenic Packed Bed Regenerator for Liquid Air Energy Storage Applications." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 3, 2020): 5155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195155.
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Electrical energy storage will play a key role in the transition to a low carbon energy network. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a thermal–mechanical energy storage technology that converts electricity to thermal energy. This energy is stored in three ways: as latent heat in a tank of liquid air, as warm sensible heat in a hot tank and as cold sensible heat in a packed bed regenerator (PBR), which is the focus of this paper. A PBR was selected because the temperature range (−196 °C to 10 °C) prohibits storage in liquid media, as most fluids will undergo a phase change over a near 200 °C temperature range. A change of phase in the storage media would result in exergy destruction and loss of efficiency of the LAES device. Gravel was selected as the storage media, as (a) many gravels are compatible with cryogenic temperatures and (b) the low cost of the material if it can be used with minimal pre-treatment. PBRs have been extensively studied and modelled such as the work by Schumann, described by Wilmott and later by White. However, these models have not been applied to and validated for a low temperature store using gravel. In the present research, a comprehensive modelling and experimental program was undertaken to produce a validated model of a low-temperature PBR. This included a study of the low-temperature properties of various candidate gravels, implementation of a modified Schumann model and validation using a laboratory scale packed bed regenerator. Two sizes of gravel at a range of flow rates were tested. Good agreement between the predicted and measured temperature fields in the PBR was achieved when a correlation factor was applied to account for short circuiting of the storage media through flow around the interface between the walls of the regenerator and storage media.
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Chen, Wei Chih, Ting Fu Hong, Wen Bo Luo, Chang Hsien Tai, Chien Hsiung Tsai, and Lung Ming Fu. "Electrokinetic Instability Flow in Nanofilm-Coated Microfluidic Channels." Advanced Materials Research 60-61 (January 2009): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.60-61.330.
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This paper presented a parametric experimental study of electrokinetic instability phenomena in a cross-shaped configuration microfluidic device with varying channel depths and conductivity ratios. The flow instability is observed when applied electric field strength exceeds a certain critical value. The critical electric field strength is examined as a function of the conductivity ratio of two samples liquid, microchannel depth, and the treatment of microchannel wetted surface. It is found that the critical electric field strengths for the onset of electrokinetic instability are strongly dependent on the conductivity ratio of two samples liquid, and decrease as the channel depths increasing of microfluidic devices. In the present study, the surface inside microchannels is treated utilizing hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic-based SOG (spin-on-glass) nanofilms for glass-based microchips. The experimental results indicate that no significant difference for the critical electric fields for the onset of electrokinetic instability phenomena in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic SOG coating in the surface of microchannels. The critical electric fields for the onset of electrokinetic instability phenomena are slightly lower in both SOG coated cases in compare with that of the non-coated microchannel.
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Ren, Y. L., S. W. He, Q. M. Lei, S. Gao, M. Z. Jiang, R. J. Zhang, and Y. Wang. "Simulation Analysis of Sedimentation Separation of Suspended Solids Sewage in Oil Field Based on COMSOL." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103005.
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After oil and water separation, the produced sewage needs to be treated in a series of ways and injected into the ground if it reaches the discharge standard in oilfields. Sedimentation separation is one of the most important process. In order to study the law of settlement, a set of settlement simulation device was set up, and the raw wastewater was extracted from the oil production plant for settlement experiment, and the relevant data were gathered. Comsol software is used to model and analyse the model. Through comparing the calculation results with the experimental data, the velocity and concentration of liquid-solid two-phase medium change rules are concluded, which lays a foundation for further research on efficient treatment of oilfield sewage.
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Huckleberry, April, William Merritt, Trevor Cotter, Christopher Settanni, Mark C. Preul, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Timothy Andrew Becker. "Application of a rabbit-elastase aneurysm model for preliminary histology assessment of the PPODA-QT liquid embolic." Surgical Neurology International 12 (July 6, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_163_2021.
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Background: PPODA-QT is a novel liquid embolic under development for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. We sought to test the rabbit-elastase aneurysm model to evaluate the tissue response following PPODA-QT embolization. Methods: Experimental elastase-induced aneurysms were created in fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits. Eight animals were used for aneurysm model and endovascular embolization technique development. Six PPODA-QT-treated animals were enrolled in the study. Control and aneurysm tissues were harvested at acute (n = 2), 1-month (n = 2), and 3-month (n = 2) timepoints and the tissues were prepared for histology assessment. Results: All fourteen rabbit-elastase aneurysms resulted in small and medium aneurysm heights (<10 mm dome height) with highly variable neck morphologies, small midline dome diameters, and beyond-wide dome-to-neck (d: n) ratios. Histological evaluation of four aneurysms, treated with PPODA-QT, demonstrated reorganization of aneurysm wall elastin into a smooth muscle layer, and observed as early as the 1-month survival timepoint. At the aneurysm neck, a homogenous neointimal layer (200–300 μm) formed at the PPODA-QT interface, sealing off the parent vessel from the aneurysm dome. No adverse immune response was evident at 1- and 3-month survival timepoints. Conclusion: PPODA-QT successfully embolized the treated aneurysms. Following PPODA-QT embolization, neointimal tissue growth and remodeling were noted with minimal immunological response. The experimental aneurysms created in rabbits were uniformly small with inconsistent neck morphology. Further testing of PPODA-QT will be conducted in larger aneurysm models for device delivery optimization and aneurysm healing assessment before human clinical investigation.
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Promis, Geoffrey, Omar Douzane, Daniel R. Rousse, and Thierry Langlet. "An Innovative System for the Treatment of Rising Dampness in Buildings Located in Cold Climates." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 3421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123421.
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Signs of wetness in housing are a significant obstacle to the renovation and energy rehabilitation of old and energy-intensive heritage buildings, especially in cold climates. Thus, in order to avoid the numerous possibilities of degradation caused by the moisture transfer phenomena in the building envelope, the a disruptive aeraulic process, which focuses on the ventilation of an air gap between the thermal insulation and the wet wall, has been designed and its assessed. This system avoids the presence of liquid water at the wall surface by maintaining the hygrothermal balance within the wet wall. This enables the mechanical durability of the supporting structure, the absence of biological activity and/or frost and, hence, the durability of the thermal insulation. These issues are investigated through a case study based on a real site. Over a year of measurements, the wet wall was constantly maintained in hygroscopic balance, around 90% RH, guaranteeing the preservation of its mechanical performance, while the insulation layer was kept moisture free. In addition, the proposed model for predicting the appearance and development of biological activity demonstrated its validity, confirming experimental results.These initial results will now lead to the optimization of the aeraulic device, as well as possible use in a summer cooling context to achieve hygrothermal comfort for housing occupants.
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Chen, T. K., and J. N. Chen. "Combined membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) system for thin-Þlm transistor - liquid crystal display TFT-LCD, industrial wastewater recycling." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0099.
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In TFT-LCD industry, water plays a variety of roles as a cleaning agent and reaction solvent. As good quality water is increasingly a scarce resource and wastewater treatment costs rises, the once-through use of industrial water is becoming uneconomical and environmentally unacceptable. Instead, recycling of TFT-LCD industrial wastewater is become more attractive from both an economic and environmental perspective. This research is mainly to explore the capacity of TFT-LCD industrial wastewater recycling by the process combined with membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis processes. Over the whole experimental period, the MBR process achieved a satisfactory organic removal. The COD could be removed with an average of over 97.3%. For TOC and BOD5 items, the average removal efficiencies were 97.8 and 99.4% respectively. The stable effluent quality and satisfactory removal performance were ensured by the efficient interception performance of the UF membrane device incorporated with biological reactor. Moreover, the MBR effluent did not contain any suspended solids and the SDI value was under 3. After treatment of RO, excellent water quality of permeate were under 5 mg/l, 2.5 mg/l and 150 ms/cm for COD, TOC and conductivity respectively. The treated water can be recycled for the cooling tower make-up water or other purposes.
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Сеник, E. Senik, Воропаева, A. Voropaeva, Таранов, R. Taranov, Козодаев, et al. "Problems and Methods of Oil Sludge Treatment." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 6 (December 25, 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24722.
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Urgency of the problem of sludge treatment and disposal in recent times is noted in this paper. Questions related to sludge and other waste treatment by centrifugation both with pre-treatment, and without it, have been considered. It has been demonstrated that the treatment is more effective at heating of above-noted waste, and by reagents adding. As a result of use of centrifuges at a stage of above-noted waste treatment it is possible to reach rather high degree of separation into liquid and firm phases which can be used in various directions. Further dewatering is possible by using a proposed drying scheme with a closed circuit of heat transfer fluid. The scheme includes a unit for heat transfer fluid preparation, a drying chamber, a device for a finished product unloading, a cleaning system for used drying agent, a unit for additional cleaning of heat transfer fluid, dual-circuit system of pneumatic transport for the finished product. The proposed scheme contributes
to exclusion of sludge’ toxic substances from getting into the environment. Experimental studies of activated sludge suspension thickening process after secondary clarifiers in centrifuges of different
types have been carried out. Tests were conducted on laboratory and industrial direct-flow and counter-flow centrifuges. Optimal parameters and modes for centrifugation and thermo-reactant treatment were selected. Effectiveness of preliminary thermo-reactant treatment at a predetermined optimal centrifugation mode for activated sludge has been confirmed. The solids content in the concentrate of microbial biomass at the load 10–13 m3/h reached 9–10 % DIA. At the maximum capacity was used one nozzle with 6 mm diameter. Minimum specific dosage of flocculent is about 2 kg per 1 ton of dry product.
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Ai, Shengshu, Shuangshi Dong, Zebing Nie, Suiyi Zhu, Qingkai Ren, and Dejun Bian. "Study on Aeration Optimization and Sewage Treatment Efficiency of a Novel Micro-Pressure Swirl Reactor (MPSR)." Water 12, no. 3 (March 22, 2020): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030890.
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This study developed a new type of micro-pressure swirl reactor (MPSR) for treating rural domestic sewage with variable water volume in northern China. The transformation of a traditional aeration tank to MPSR was mainly divided into three steps. Firstly, the aeration device was installed on one side of the aeration tank. Secondly, most of the top cover plate was sealed. Finally, the liquid level-lifting zone was set to achieve micro-pressure. The study measured the flow velocity and dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution in the main reaction zone of MPSR, studied the effects of MPSR sewage treatment in continuous operation mode and sequential batch operation mode, and analyzed the main microbial species. The experimental results showed that a stable circular circle flow and a spatial DO gradient in MPSR were formed when the aeration rate of MPSR was 0.2 m3/h. Through the MPSR sewage treatment experiment in two operation modes, it could meet the current requirements of rural environmental pollution controlled in China. Analysis of the types of microorganisms showed that microorganisms with different functions gathered in different zones of the MPSR due to the different dissolved oxygen environment and water flow environment, which further improved the ability of MPSR to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Khudaiberdiev, Aziz, and Petr Kosianov. "Integrated physical enhanced recovery method for high-viscosity oil reservoirs." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 09012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124409012.
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The physical methods of enhanced oil recovery using electromagnetic fields are studied in this paper. Purpose of the work is to study the dependence of the main quantities that determine the volume of filtered oil, including the viscosity of oil, on the parameters (temperature, intensity and frequency) of thermal and electromagnetic fields, and optimize these parameters for maximum oil recovery factor using electric fields and steam treatment of the formation.It is proposed to combine the most effective and environmentally friendly methods to increase oil production. In the developed technique, methods of converting steam energy are used to create a torque of the drilling device with simultaneous steam treatment of the bottomhole zone of the reservoir. As well as the impact of an alternating electromagnetic field on the reservoir matrix and interstratal liquid fluids to create currents, increase the mobility of molecules of liquid fluids, and, as a consequence, increase the temperature and lower the viscosity of oil, which will increase oil recovery. As a result of numerous experimental experiments carried out using the original setup in the laboratory of the branch of the Tyumen Industrial University in Nizhnevartovsk, it was shown that a decrease in viscosity is observed only when exposed to simultaneous thermal and electromagnetic fields.
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Ludvig, Nandor, Hai M. Tang, Shirn L. Baptiste, Geza Medveczky, Jonathan K. Vaynberg, Jacqueline Vazquez-DeRose, Dimitre G. Stefanov, et al. "Long-term behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical monitoring of the safety of an experimental antiepileptic implant, the muscimol-delivering Subdural Pharmacotherapy Device in monkeys." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 1 (July 2012): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.4.jns111488.
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Object The authors evaluated the extent to which the Subdural Pharmacotherapy Device (SPD), chronically implanted over the frontal cortex to perform periodic, localized muscimol-delivery/CSF removal cycles, affects overall behavior, motor performance, electroencephalography (EEG) activity, and blood and CSF neurochemistry in macaque monkeys. Methods Two monkeys were used to adjust methodology and 4 monkeys were subjected to comprehensive testing. Prior to surgery, the animals' behavior in a large test chamber was monitored, and the motor skills required to remove food pellets from food ports located on the walls of the chamber were determined. The monkeys underwent implantation of the subdural and extracranial SPD units. The subdural unit, a silicone strip integrating EEG electrodes and fluid-exchange ports, was positioned over the right frontal cortex. The control unit included a battery-powered, microprocessor-regulated dual minipump and radiofrequency module secured to the cranium. After implantation, the SPD automatically performed periodic saline or muscimol (1.0 mM) deliveries at 12-hour intervals, alternating with local CSF removals at 6-hour intervals. The antiepileptic efficacy of this muscimol concentration was verified by demonstrating its ability to prevent focal acetylcholine-induced seizures. During SPD treatment, the monkeys' behavior and motor performance were again monitored, and the power spectrum of their radiofrequency-transmitted EEG recordings was analyzed. Serum and CSF muscimol levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection, and CSF protein levels were measured with turbidimetry. Results The SPD was well tolerated in all monkeys for up to 11 months. The behavioral study revealed that during both saline and muscimol SPD treatment, the monkeys could achieve the maximum motor performance of 40 food-pellet removals per session, as before surgery. The EEG study showed that local EEG power spectra were not affected by muscimol treatment with SPD. The neurochemical study demonstrated that the administration of 1.0 mM muscimol into the neocortical subarachnoid space led to no detectable levels of this compound in the blood and cisternal CSF, as measured 1–125 minutes after delivery. Total protein levels were within the normal range in the cisternal CSF, but protein levels in the cortical-site CSF were significantly higher than normal: 361 ± 81.6 mg/dl. Abrupt discontinuation of 3-month, periodic, subdural muscimol treatments induced withdrawal seizures, which could be completely prevented by gradually tapering off the subdural muscimol concentration from 1.0 mM to 0.12–0.03 mM over a period of 2 weeks. The monkeys' general health and weight were maintained. Infection occurred only in one monkey 9 months after surgery. Conclusions Long-term, periodic, transmeningeal muscimol delivery with the SPD is essentially a safe procedure. If further improved and successfully adapted for use in humans, the SPD can be used for the treatment of intractable focal neocortical epilepsy affecting approximately 150,000 patients in the US.
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Cai, Longzhu, Huan Xu, and Daping Chu. "Compact Liquid Crystal Based Tunable Band-Stop Filter with an Ultra-Wide Stopband by Using Wave Interference Technique." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9670965.
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A wave interference filtering section that consists of three stubs of different lengths, each with an individual stopband of its own central frequency, is reported here for the design of band-stop filters (BSFs) with ultra-wide and sharp stopbands as well as large attenuation characteristics. The superposition of the individual stopbands provides the coverage over an ultra-wide frequency range. Equations and guidelines are presented for the application of a new wave interference technique to adjust the rejection level and width of its stopband. Based on that, an electrically tunable ultra-wide stopband BSF using a liquid crystal (LC) material for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is designed. Careful treatment of the bent stubs, including impedance matching of the main microstrip line and bent stubs together with that of the SMA connectors and impedance adaptors, was carried out for the compactness and minimum insertion and reflection losses. The experimental results of the fabricated device agree very well with that of the simulation. The centre rejection frequency as measured can be tuned between 4.434 and 4.814 GHz when a biased voltage of 0–20 Vrms is used. The 3 dB and 25 dB stopband bandwidths were 4.86 GHz and 2.51 GHz, respectively, which are larger than that of other recently reported LC based tunable BSFs.
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Suwarsih, Suwarsih, and Marita Ika Joesidawati. "Organoleptic Test of Smoke Cob Fish (Euthynnus affinis) Using Efhilink Fishing Equipment and A Simple Cabinet Type of Smoking Time." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.301-309.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how long the tuna smoking process takes and how long the quality of smoked fish lasts by conducting an organoleptic test. The material of this research is the organoleptic test of smoked tuna quality with the Efhilink fish fumigant and the simple cabinet type on smoking time. The method used in this study is an experimental method that is by using corn clams as fuel for smoking cobs. The conclusion of the different treatment of the Efhilink and the simple cabinet type with the analysis results can be seen that the fumigation process that is the fastest produced by the Efhilink rack 1 type fumigator is 56 minutes. This is because the working process of the Efhilink type smoker changes the shape of the smoke produced into liquid smoke by connecting the smoke pipe with the condenser so that the temperature of the Efhilink device can be hotter than the Simple Cabinet-type fumigator, besides that the position of rack 1 is very close to the smoke source. . Whereas the longest smoking process produced by a Simple Cabinet Type 3 rack smoking device is 325 minutes or 5 hours 25 minutes this is due to the working process of the Simple Cabinet Type smoking device which emits the smoke produced through the top funnel, so that the heat produced is lower. than the Efhilink-type fumigator. In addition, the position of shelf 3 is very far from the smoke source. Meanwhile, the best organoleptic test value was produced on day 3 of the two tools. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that the fumigation process uses the Efhilink smoke device.
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Promtov, Maksim Aleksandrovich, and Andrey Yur'yevich Stepanov. "THE KINETICS OF THE COMBINED PROCESSES OF DISPERSION AND EXTRACTION OF HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS FROM PEAT AND VERMICOMPOST IN THE ROTOR-STATOR DEVICE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019024536.
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Was conducted an experimental study of dispersion of solid particles, extraction of humic acids (HA) and fullview acids (FA) in suspensions of peat and vermicompost with repeated mechanical and hydrodynamic treatment in a rotor-stator device (RSD). According to reduce the average particle size and increase the concentration of HA and FA in suspensions of peat and vermicompost on the number of cycles in the RSD have an exponential character. The average particle size in suspensions of peat and vermicompost decreases from average size of 1 mm to 30 µm at 40 times the treatment of the suspension in the RSD. The intensity of the mass transfer of target substances from the solid phase to the liquid phase is due to an increase in the contact area of the phases, the value of which depends not only on the surface area of the solid particles, but significantly increases due to the opening of new pores and capillaries during particle grinding. The concentration of water-soluble HA in 25% peat suspension reaches 20 g/l, the concentration of FA – 6 g/l. The concentration of water-soluble HA in 25% vermicompost suspension reaches 12 g/l. Extractable substances on the surface of the particle and in the pores close to the surface, pass into the solution mainly during the first 10 treatment cycles. Effective diffusion coefficients and empirical coefficients of the kinetic equation for the extraction process of HA and FA in peat and vermicompost suspensions during their processing in RSD were determined.
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Abraham Ruvalcaba, Carlos, Roger Monroy, Lisa A. Tell, Christine V. Fiorello, Jerold Last, and Jean-Pierre Delplanque. "2192." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.27.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study investigates the process configuration parameters involved in targeted drug delivery to the avian respiratory system. Previously, direct intratracheal aerosol delivery in an avian model using a commercial atomizer was found to result in delivery of a high portion of the total dose into one lung lobe. We hypothesize that controlling process configuration will decrease the asymmetric distribution. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A 3D printed model of an avian trachea and mainstream bronchi was constructed to create a representative model for direct instillation of aerosols. Construction of the model respiratory tract included the trachea and the first mainstream bronchi bifurcation to measure left/right (L/R) distribution of aerosol delivered. Both liquid aerosol delivery (LAD) using a commercial atomizer and dry aerosol delivery (DAD) using a custom-built dry powder insufflator device were tested. Two experimental variables were controlled: (1) retraction distance from the carina and (2) centering of device shaft in the lumen of the trachea. Measurement of device efficiency (dose delivered to the 3D model at as fraction of total dose), aerosol delivery efficiency (dose captured at L/R bifurcations as a fraction of total dose), and aerosol lateralization (L/R) was conducted. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The aerosol delivery efficiency for both LAD and DAD devices [73.9% (95% CI: 68.2–79.2) and 73.4% (95% CI: 55.5–91.3), respectively] did not have an appreciable difference. However, the LAD device had a higher efficiency as compared with the DAD device. The L/R distribution for the DAD device was found to be highly dependent on both retraction distance and shaft centering. Appreciable improvement in the L/R distribution was seen using the DAD device by increasing the retraction distance distal to the carina. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The use of targeted drug delivery to treat pulmonary pathogens requires a careful design, manufacture, and therapeutic positioning of devices. In particular, clinically relevant animal models and treatment regimes requires a sound understanding of the physical processes controlling aerosol distribution in the respiratory system. By using a simulated respiratory model, many of the physical parameters of drug delivery can be tested before using a live animal model. This is especially important from an animal welfare perspective as well as an animal subject availability aspect.
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Nagaichuk, Vasyl, Roman Chornopyshchuk, Igor Gerashchenko, Olena Kukolevska, and Anatolie Sidorenko. "Experimental Substantiation of Antimicrobial Efficiency of a New Composite Polymeric Material Based on Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) under the Action of Low-Intensity Current without External Power Supplies." Materials Science Forum 1038 (July 13, 2021): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.154.
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Active use of polymeric materials has become an integral part of all areas of modern medicine. Wound dressings capable of prolonged release of drugs directly into the lesion occupy a special place among them. The possibility of using such materials in the presence of low-intensity currents without external power supplies in a comprehensive treatment program for patients with burn injuries remains promising. The aim of the work is to study experimentally the antimicrobial efficacy of a new composite polymeric material based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), saturated with the antiseptic decamethoxine, under conditions of low-intensity current without external power supplies. The method of free radical thermal polymerization of a mixture of liquid monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, crosslinking agent triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polymerization initiator azobisisobutyronitrile was used for the synthesis of composite polymeric material. In addition, fourfold volume of distilled water as a pore-forming agent and decamethoxine as an antimicrobial component were administered. Known dressings of synthetic and biological origin were selected for comparison, some of which were pre-soaked in a 0.02% solution of decamethoxine. The study of conductivity of the materials without external power supplies was performed on the surface of a dense nutrient medium in a Petri dish using VITA-01M measuring device. Determination of antibacterial properties was performed by diffusion into agar. The obtained results allowed to establish the ability of the suggested polymeric material to conduct low-intensity currents without external power supplies, exceeding the duration of other traditional dressings. Comparison of antimicrobial activity of the studied samples confirmed the synergism of the action of physical factors and a new polymer-based composite material with the addition of antimicrobial substance to inhibit the growth of the test museum and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of low-intensity currents without external power supplies to potentiate the antimicrobial properties of a new composite polymeric material based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), modified with a pore-forming agent, with the addition of decamethoxine was experimentally established.
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Guizani, Chamseddine, Mikaela Trogen, Hilda Zahra, Leena Pitkänen, Kaniz Moriam, Marja Rissanen, Mikko Mäkelä, Herbert Sixta, and Michael Hummel. "Fast and quantitative compositional analysis of hybrid cellulose-based regenerated fibers using thermogravimetric analysis and chemometrics." Cellulose 28, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 6797–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03923-6.
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AbstractCellulose can be dissolved with another biopolymer in a protic ionic liquid and spun into a bicomponent hybrid cellulose fiber using the Ioncell® technology. Inside the hybrid fibers, the biopolymers are mixed at the nanoscale, and the second biopolymer provides the produced hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling its share in the fiber. In the present work, we present a fast and quantitative thermoanalytical method for the compositional analysis of man-made hybrid cellulose fibers by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in combination with chemometrics. First, we incorporated 0–46 wt.% of lignin or chitosan in the hybrid fibers. Then, we analyzed their thermal decomposition behavior in a TGA device following a simple, one-hour thermal treatment protocol. With an analogy to spectroscopy, we show that the derivative thermogram can be used as a predictor in a multivariate regression model for determining the share of lignin or chitosan in the cellulose hybrid fibers. The method generated cross validation errors in the range 1.5–2.1 wt.% for lignin and chitosan. In addition, we discuss how the multivariate regression outperforms more common modeling methods such as those based on thermogram deconvolution or on linear superposition of reference thermograms. Moreover, we highlight the versatility of this thermoanalytical method—which could be applied to a wide range of composite materials, provided that their components can be thermally resolved—and illustrate it with an additional example on the measurement of polyester content in cellulose and polyester fiber blends. The method could predict the polyester content in the cellulose-polyester fiber blends with a cross validation error of 1.94 wt.% in the range of 0–100 wt.%. Finally, we give a list of recommendations on good experimental and modeling practices for the readers who want to extend the application of this thermoanalytical method to other composite materials.
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Si, W., Y. Lu, X. He, S. Ji, Y. Niu, T. Tan, and W. Ji. "116 IMPROVED SURVIVAL BY CRYOPRESERVING RHESUS MACAQUE (MACACA MULATTA) SPERMATOZOA WITH DIRECTIONAL FREEZING TECHNIQUE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab116.
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A significant increase in nonhuman primate models of human diseases will be expected in the near future since the successes in production of genetically engineered rhesus monkey models of human diseases. Sperm banking can provide an effective way to preserve valuable genetic resources. Our objective was to (1) develop a protocol using directional freezing technique (DFT) for rhesus monkey spermatozoa cryopreservation, which allows precise control of the velocity and the morphology of the ice-front propagation by transferring the tubes loaded with 2 mL sperm samples at a controllable velocity through two separate chambers with controllable temperature settings, and (2) achieve survival rate that was higher than that achieved with conventional freezing technique (CFT), by which sperm samples were cryopreserved in 0.25 mL straws with liquid nitrogen vapor in a styrofoam box. Sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) assay were used to assess the function of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher protected LSD test. Experiment 1 was aimed at optimizing the cooling rate using DFT. Tubes were frozen using the multi-thermal gradient freezing device (MTG 516, Harmony CryoCareTM, IMT Ltd.) at fast (16°C/min), medium (12°C/min), and slow (7°C/min) cooling rates, which corresponded to the transferring velocities (2.5, 1.5, and 0.5 mm s-1, respectively). The results showed that spermatozoa frozen at fast and medium cooling rates showed significantly higher frozen-thawed motility than those frozen at slow cooling rate (61% and 59% v. 50%, P < 0.05). However, no difference was observed on sperm acrosomal integrity among the experimental groups (84, 80, and 78%, respectively, P > 0.05). The purposes of Experiment 2 were determined to examine if using DFT at the optimized cooling rate (12°C/min) can improve the cryo-survival of rhesus monkey spermatozoa compared with CFT. Our results showed that spermatozoa cryopreserved by using DFT achieved significantly higher frozen-thawed sperm motility that those cryopreserved by using CFT (64 v. 54%, P < 0.05). However, no difference was observed on acrosomal integrity between spermatozoa cryopreserved by DFT and CFT (84 and 83%, respectively; P > 0.05). The function of spermatozoa cryopreserved by using DFT was further evaluated by IVF. Females were treated with rhFSH twice-daily for 8 days after the onset of menses and following a treatment of hCG injection on Day 9. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected by laparoscopic follicular aspiration 32 h later. Of the inseminated oocytes, 79% were fertilized and 90 and 53% of the resulting zygotes developed into 2-cell and blastocysts, respectively. The fertilization rate was lower and the blastocyst rate was slightly higher than our previous report when fresh spermatozoa were used for IVF (94 and 52%, respectively). Our results indicate that spermatozoa of rhesus monkeys can be effectively cryopreserved using DFT in large volume. This finding provided a new and effective way for genetics preservation purposes in this important species.
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Stanley, H. O., C. B. Ogbonna, G. O. Abu, and C. J. Ugboma. "Effect of Liquid Digestate on Agricultural Soil – I: Growth Dynamics of Zea mays Plant." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, March 6, 2019, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/v31i530083.
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The study was designed to model the effect of liquid digestate on growth dynamics of Zea mays plant. Maize seeds were subjected to various concentrations of liquid digestate (between 0% and 72%) using One-Factor Response Design with a total of ten (10) runs in 10L-capacity plastic pots containing 10kg of loamy soil. One set of experimental runs were treated with one-time application of the corresponding digestate concentration (OTDA). Another set of experimental runs were treated with two-time application of the corresponding digestate concentration (TTDA). The first application of the liquid digestate (for OTDA and TTDA) was conducted two weeks after sowing while the second application (for TTDA alone) was conducted three weeks after the first application. The height of maize plant in all set-ups was monitored for a period of 70 days. After the 70-day period, the plants were harvested for biomass estimation. In the soil set-ups treated with OTDA, crop growth rate (1.077cm/day) and biomass yield (22.37g/kg of digestate) of Zea mays plant peaked with 48% digestate after 70 days. In the soil set-ups treated TTDA, crop growth rate (1.321cm/day) and biomass yield (29.95g/kg) of Zea mays plant peaked with 72% digestate after the same period. Optimum response generated for the crop growth rate of Zea mays plant was approximately 1.038 cm/day with a standard error of 0.014 for the OTDA treatment and 1.165cm/day and a standard error of 0.006 for the TTDA treatment at digestate concentration of 50% with a desirability of 0.928 respectively. Optimum response generated for biomass yield of the Zea mays plant was approximately 22.488 (g/kg) with a standard error of 0.621 for the OTDA treatment and 27.292 (g/kg) with a standard error of 0.399 for the TTDA treatment at digestate concentration of approximately 47.1% and a desirability of 0.930 respectively. The result suggests that the TTDA treatment method may have enhanced the growth of the maize plant better than the OTDA treatment method.
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Fries, Frederik, Toshiki Tomori, Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer, Joshua Jones, Umut Yilmaz, Michael Kettner, Andreas Simgen, Wolfgang Reith, and Ruben Mühl-Benninghaus. "Treatment of experimental aneurysms with a GPX embolic agent prototype: preliminary angiographic and histological results." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, May 4, 2021, neurintsurg—2021–017308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017308.
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BackgroundRecently, liquid embolic agents have emerged for the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Here we describe the in vivo performance of a novel liquid embolization agent (GPX Embolic Device).MethodsElastase-induced aneurysms were embolized with a GPX prototype under balloon assistance. Digital subtraction angiography was performed pre-deployment and immediately after, and at 5, 10, and 30 min post-deployment in 10 rabbits and at 1 month in 8 rabbits. The early post-deployment intra-aneurysmal flow was graded as unchanged, moderately diminished, or completely absent. At 1 month the status of aneurysm occlusion was evaluated. Adhesion to catheter material and migration of GPX was assessed.ResultsThe mean aneurysm neck diameter, width, and height were 3.6±1.0 mm, 3.0±0.8 mm, and 7.4±1.4 mm, respectively. The mean dome-to-neck ratio was 0.9±0.2. Complete stagnation of intra-aneurysmal flow was observed in 9 of 10 aneurysms (90%) within 30 min of device deployment. One aneurysm showed moderately diminished intra-aneurysmal flow at 30 min. At 1 month, 8 aneurysms were completely occluded. There was no evidence of GPX adhesion to the catheter material. Histologically, a leukocyte and foreign body reaction to GPX was detectable 28 days after embolization.ConclusionsThis is the first preclinical study reporting the performance of a protype version of the GPX Embolic Device in a wide-neck aneurysm model. GPX showed promising results by achieving and maintaining high rates of complete angiographic occlusion, but may induce an inflammatory reaction.
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Garbin, Nicolo, Patrick Doyle, Byron Smith, Jesse G. Taylor, Mubashir H. Khan, Qasim Khalil, and Pietro Valdastri. "Miniature Pump for Treatment of Refractory Ascites Based on Local Magnetic Actuation." Journal of Medical Devices 13, no. 3 (July 15, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4042460.
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This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a novel low-cost implantable pump for the treatment of refractory ascites (RA) based on local magnetic actuation (LMA). A reciprocating positive displacement pump displaces liquid unidirectionally through magnetic coupling with a magnetic controller placed on the outside of the patient's body. The proposed solution is intuitive to use given an alignment algorithm that exploits externally placed magnetic field sensors (MFS). The implantable device has a catheter-like shape, is electronic free (no on-board battery), has low fabrication cost (<8 USD), and is able to generate a flow-rate of 3.65 L/h while effectively pumping fluids with various viscosity (1–5.5 cP). RA is commonly treated via costly paracentesis or invasive surgical placement of a transjugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The proposed solution can be implanted with minimally invasive techniques and can be used on a daily basis to drain a set amount of liquid, without requiring recurrent hospital visits.
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Sweidan, A. H., K. Niggemann, Y. Heider, M. Ziegler, and B. Markert. "Experimental study and numerical modeling of the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in soil freezing with different frost penetration directions." Acta Geotechnica, April 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01191-z.
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AbstractThis research work presents an experimental and numerical study of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes that occur during soil freezing. With focusing on the artificial ground freezing (AGF) technology, a new testing device is built, which considers a variety of AGF-related boundary conditions and different freezing directions. In the conducted experiments, a distinction is made between two thermal states: (1) The thermal transient state, which is associated with ice penetration, small deformations, and insignificant water suction. (2) The thermal (quasi-) steady state, which has a much longer duration and is associated with significant ice lens formation due to water suction. In the numerical modeling, a special focus is laid on the processes that occur during the thermal transient state. Besides, a demonstration of the micro-cryo-suction mechanism and its realization in the continuum model through a phenomenological retention-curve-like formulation is presented. This allows modeling the ice lens formation and the stiffness degradation observed in the experiments. Assuming a fully saturated soil as a biphasic porous material, a phase-change THM approach is applied in the numerical modeling. The governing equations are based on the continuum mechanical theory of porous media (TPM) extended by the phase-field modeling (PFM) approach. The model proceeds from a small-strain assumption, whereas the pore fluid can be found in liquid water or solid ice state with a unified kinematics treatment of both states. Comparisons with the experimental data demonstrate the ability and usefulness of the considered model in describing the freezing of saturated soils.
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Kaneko, Naoki, Henrik Ullman, Fadil Ali, Philipp Berg, Yinn Cher Ooi, Satoshi Tateshima, Geoffrey Colby, et al. "Abstract TP492: Novel in vitro Model of Arteriovenous Malformation for Endovascular Embolization and Flow Analysis." Stroke 51, Suppl_1 (February 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tp492.
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Introduction: 3D printed human vascular in vitro models of aneurysms and acute stroke have been utilized for training, simulation and device development. However, there are no realistic in vitro arteriovenous malformation (AVM) models. Current experimental models analyzing the efficacy of embolic materials or flow conditions are limited by their simplistic design, lacking complex AVM nidus anatomic features. The purpose of this study is to develop a new in vitro AVM model for embolic material testing and flow analysis. Methods: 3D images of the AVM nidus were extracted from 3D rotational angiography from a patient. Artificial feeders and drainers were added to the nidus and an inner vascular mold was printed using a 3D printer. The inner mold was coated with polydimethylsiloxanes. The inner plastic mold was removed by acetone, leaving a hollow AVM model. ONYX injection and 4DFlow MRI (Phase Contrast MRA) were performed using the AVM models. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to compare flow rate with 4DFlow MRI. Results: An in vitro AVM model with realistic representation of nidus vasculature and complexity was successfully created. Liquid onyx injection performed in the in vitro model successfully replicated real-life treatment conditions. The model effectively simulated plug and push technique before penetration of the ONYX into the AVM nidus. 4DFlow MRI flow rates were similar to the CFD analysis. Conclusions: An in vitro AVM model using 3D printing technology was successfully created. The model demonstrated realistic pliability during ONYX injection. This in vitro AVM model may represent a useful tool for training and development of new materials, and have potential of highly-resolved flow quantifications.
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KOSTENKO, M. Yu, G. RYMBALOVICH, I. N. GORYACHKINA, R. V. BEZNOSYUK, and G. A. BORISOV. "ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ГОРЯЧИМ ТУМАНОМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ И ГУМИНОВЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ СЕМЯН ЯЧМЕНЯ." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM. P.A. KOSTYCHEVA, no. 4(44) (December 27, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2019.30.21.016.
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Целью исследований явилась оценкавлияния обработки горячим туманом биологического препарата Азотовит и гуминовых продуктовГумат калия, Экоростсемян ячменя перед посевом, а также сравнение результатов с общепринятымитехнологиями обработки с помощью протравителя семян этими же препаратами. Для полноты исследований обработку производили и химическим препаратом Атик. Высокодисперсный аэрозоль получали с помощью генератора горячего тумана GreenFogBF-130.Обработку производилис помощью устройства с наклонными полками, по которым зерно многократно пересыпалось под действием силы тяжести и подвергалось перемешиванию и воздействию горячего тумана. В результате разницы температур холодного семенного материала и горячего тумана происходил фазовый переход тумана в жидкость, что позволяло получить тонкую плёнку на обрабатываемой поверхности семянячменя.Это способствовало обеззараживанию и активизации физико-химических процессов в зерне. Экспериментальные исследования включали восемь вариантов обработки и один без обработки (контроль). Оценивались результаты продуктивности и структура урожая: число растений на 1 м2, число сорных растений на 1 м2, число продуктивных стеблей (колосьев) на 1 м2, кустистость на 1 м2, продуктивная кустистость на 1 м2,среднее число зерен в колосе, масса 1000 зерен, высота стеблей, биологическая урожайность. В соответствии с ГОСТ 53900-2010 Ячмень кормовой, ГОСТ 5060-86 Ячмень пивоваренный, ГОСТ 28672-90 Ячмень.Требования при заготовках и поставках,ТРТС 021/2011 О безопасности пищевой продукции из качественных показателей рассматривались массовая доля влаги, массовая доля протеина, массовая доля клетчатки, массовая доля сахара, массовая доля жира, массовая доля золы, массовая доля крахмала, обменная энергия, крупность, мелкие зерна, сорная и зерновая примесь, фузариозные зерна, общая токсичность, микотоксиндезоксиниваленол (DON). Лучшие показатели были получены в результате аэрозольной обработки гуминовыми продуктами Гумат калия и Экорост.The aim of the research was to assess the effect of hot mist treatment of the biological preparation Azotovit and humic products potassium HUMATE, barley seeds Ecorost before sowing, as well as to compare the results with conventional technologies of treatment with the help of seed protectant with the same drugs. To complete the research and produce treatment chemicals of Atik. The highly dispersed aerosol was obtained using The greenfogbf-130 hot mist generator. The treatment was carried out using a device with inclined shelves, on which the grain was repeatedly poured under the influence of gravity and was subjected to mixing and the influence of hot fog. As a result of the temperature difference between the cold and hot mist of the seed material, a phase transition of the mist into a liquid occurred, which allowed to obtain a thin film on the treated surface of the barley seeds. This contributed to the disinfection and activation of physical and chemical processes in the grain. Experimental studies included eight treatment options and one without treatment (control). The results of productivity and crop structure were evaluated: the number of plants per 1 m2, the number of weeds per 1 m2, the number of productive stems (ears) per 1 m2, bushiness per 1 m2, productive bushiness per 1 m2, the average number of grains per ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the height of stems, biological yield. In accordance with GOST 53900-2010 barley fodder, barley brewing GOST 5060-86, GOST 28672-90 Barley. Requirements for procurement and supply, TR CU 021/2011 on food safety from qualitative indicators considered the mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of protein, mass fraction of fiber, mass fraction of sugar, mass fraction of fat, mass fraction of ash, mass fraction of starch, metabolic energy, size, small grains, weed and grain admixture, Fusarium grains, total toxicity, mycotoxindeoxynivalenol (don). The best results were obtained as a result of aerosol treatment with humic products potassium HUMATE and Ecorost.