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1
Holm, Barbro. "Pathogenetic studies of adjuvant-induced arthritis /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-347-3/.
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Larsson, Esbjörn. "Tissue destruction in arthritis : experimental studies /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-708-8.
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Ragno, Silvia. "Heat shock proteins and experimental arthritis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281712.
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Ribbhammar, Ulrica. "Identification of genes that regulate arthritis and IgE production in rat and human /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-421-X/.
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Lundberg, Karin. "Arthritogenic and immunogenic properties of modified autoantigens /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-303-5/.
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Quentin, Julie. "Immunomodulation de l'arthrite expérimentale par les cellules dendritiques tolérogènes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T018/document.
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Immunomodulation de l'arthrite expérimentale par les cellules dendritiques tolérogènes. Les cellules dendritiques (DCs) sont des cellules présentatrices d'antigènes jouant un rôle clé dans l'initiation et la modulation des réponses immunitaires. En effet, en parallèle de leur capacité à initier une réponse immunitaire adaptative, les DC sont également impliquées dans les mécanismes de tolérance périphérique. Elles sont utilisées depuis 10 ans maintenant en clinique dans des stratégies thérapeutiques anti-tumorale et leurs propriétés tolérogènes ouvrent aujourd'hui leur champ d'applications à des pathologies autoimmunes, l'asthme et la transplantation afin de restaurer une homéostasie de la réponse immune. Les objectifs de ma thèse ont consisté à :- renforcer le potentiel tolérogène des DCs par manipulation in vitro- tester la capacité de DCs tolérogènes à induire une protection de l'arthrite expérimentale- identifier les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans la tolérance induite par les DCs. Mon travail de thèse a permis de montrer l'efficacité de la vaccination de souris arthritiques avec des DCs immatures conservant leurs propriétés tolérogènes in vitro et in vivo, grâce au traitement préalable avec un agent immunosuppresseur, la rapamycine. L'injection répétée de DCs immatures induit la génération de lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ CD49b+ sécrétant de l'IL-10 ayant de fortes capacités immunosuppressives. Ce projet a permis de mettre en évidence l'efficacité des DCs dans le traitement d'une pathologie autoimmune déjà établie et l'implication d'une population cellulaire régulatrice originaleTolerogenic dendritic cells for immumodulation in experimental arthritis.Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play critical roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. Based on their tolerogenic properties, DCs offer potential as therapeutic tools to ameliorate or prevent graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease, or to treat autoimmune disorders.The objectives of my PhD consisted to:- reinforce the tolerogenic potential of DCs by in vitro handling.- assess the capacity of such tolerogenic DCs to induce a protective response in experimental autoimmune arthritis- identify cellular and molecular mechanisms implied in the tolerogenic DCs-induced protectionOur results suggest that, in contrast with conventional DCs, the rapamycin-conditioned iDCs maintain their tolerogenic potential upon injection in inflammatory settings and are able to dampen an already Th1-primed immune response, conferring a protection from arthritis. The protection of the mice was associated with an expansion of the IL-10-secreting CD49b+ Treg in the spleen and liver of the injected mice and a decrease of the Th1 immune response. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of tolerogenic DCs in an established autoimmune disease as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of the CD49b+ Treg cell population induced following DC vaccination
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de, Souza Patricia Regina Soares. "GPR40 expression and function in immune cells and experimental arthritis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/25975.
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Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA, including eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids which are correlated with lower incidence of chronic diseases. DHA and EPA can be enzymatically converted to resolvins, protectins and maresins, which play important roles in resolution of inflammation. Additionally, ω-3 FA can also directly activate surface receptors, namely the long-chain free fatty acid receptors GPR40 and GPR120, two GPCRs with poorly investigated biology. Using real-time PCR analysis, GPR40 transcript in human neutrophils was detected; the protein expression was also confirmed by flow cytometry and image stream analysis. Expression of GPR40 protein was up-regulated after stimulation with platelet-activating factor (PAF, 10nM) or leukotriene B4 (LTB4, 10nM) for 10 minutes. I utilised the selective agonist GW9508 to investigate the biology of GPR40. Tested on human neutrophils, GW9508 elevated intracellular calcium when applied within the 0.1-10μM range. The up-regulation of GPR40 expression by pro-inflammatory stimuli suggested to us potential regulatory roles for this receptor during inflammation. I then showed that 1 and 10μM GW9508 increased neutrophil chemotaxis in response to the cytokine IL-8 (30ng/ml). In addition, GPR40 activation by GW9508 enhanced phagocytosis of E. coli by human neutrophils by approximately 50% when tested at 0.1 and 1μM. Moreover, GW9508-neutrophil stimulation augmented microvesicle release and delayed apoptosis after stimulation. Finally, I demonstrated that GPR40 is expressed in inflammatory cells isolated from murine arthritic joints, such as neutrophils, macrophages and inflammatory monocytes. KBN-serum induced arthritic mice developed a more severe disease when treated prophylactically with GW9508 (10mg/kg, i.p. treated from day 0, daily), characterized by a higher clinical score and increased oedema when compared to vehicle control mice. Therapeutic intervention with GW9508 at the peak of the disease (day 5) delayed the resolution of arthritis. In summary, the data suggest that activation of GPR40 by GW9508 enhances neutrophil activation, up regulating the pro-inflammatory properties of this cell type, and therefore, exacerbating experimental inflammatory arthritis.
8
Boström, Müssener Åsa. "Cytokine regulation in rodents with experimental arthritis /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2862-2.
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Andreń, Maria. "The role of Fc gamma receptors in experimental arthritis /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4724.
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Dang, Thi Ngoc Dzung. "Studies of novel immunosuppressive agents in experimental arthritis /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7357-009-5/.
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Palmblad, Karin. "Cytokines and cytokine-directed intervention in experimental arthritis /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4589-6/.
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Chalise, Jaya Prakash. "Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för neuro- och inflammationsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122463.
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Type I Interferons (mainly IFN-α & IFN-β) belong to a family of cytokines that possess strong antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Pro- and/or anti-inflammatory effects of type I IFN have been observed in infectious diseases and several autoimmune diseases including SLE, MS, RA and experimental models thereof, but what defines either outcome is largely obscure. The main aim of this thesis is to understand how IFN-α may act anti-inflammatory in a model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). In this model, mice are sensitised with methylated-BSA (mBSA) emulsified in Freund’s adjuvant at day 1 and 7 followed by intra-articular injection of mBSA in the knee joint at day 21, which induces arthritis within 1 week. Administration of IFN-α at the time of mBSA sensitisations (day 1 and day 7) but not at induction of arthritis (day 21) clearly protected against arthritis in a type I IFN receptor dependent manner. Humoral immunity might not be involved in this protection as the levels of antigen-specific IgG (total, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b), IgA, IgE in serum were not altered in IFN-α treated mice. However, IFN-α-protection was accompanied by delayed and decreased antigen-specific proliferative responses in spleen and lymph node cells ex vivo, including impaired proliferative recall responses after intra-articular antigenic challenge. In the course of AIA, IFN-α inhibited the increase of circulatory IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF in the sensitisation phase (day 0-21) and also the re-call response of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-17 induced by intra-articular mBSA challenge in arthritis phase (day 21-28). This IFN-α-inhibition of cytokines was also apparent in mBSA-re-stimulated spleen and lymph node cell cultures ex vivo, including inhibited cytokine production in CD4+ T helper cells and macrophages. In contrast to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the levels of immunomodulatory TGF-β was clearly enhanced in IFN-α-treated mice, both in serum and in re-stimulated leucocytes cultures including both macrophages, especially in the sensitisation phase, and in CD4+ T cells in the arthritis phase. By inhibiting TGF-β signalling in vivo, the protective effect of IFN-α was shown to be dependent on TGF-β signalling in the sensitisation phase. The cytokine TGF-β is an activator of the indoleamine 2,3 dioxygnese (IDO1), a potent immuneregulatory component that acts via enzymatic production of kynurenine (Kyn) and signalling activity. The IFN-α-protective effect in AIA was associated with both increased expression and enzymatic activity of IDO1 and the IFN-α-protection was totally ablated in mice lacking IDO1 expression (IDO1 KO mice) and in mice treated with the inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of IDO1 (1-Methyl Tryptophan; 1-MT). Interestingly, administration of the IDO-metabolite Kyn protected mice from AIA in an IFNARindependent manner. These observations show that the IDO1 enzymatic activity is important for the protective effect of IFN-α. Using 1-MT, it was further shown that the enzymatic activity of IDO1 was, like TGF-β, crucial only at the sensitisation but not in the arthritis phase of AIA for IFN-α to protect against arthritis. Instead, IDO1’s non-enzymatic signalling activity, characterized by sustained expression of IDO1 and non-canonical NF-κB activation in pDCs, was observed in the arthritis phase in spleen cells from mice treated with IFN-α. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) were also found to be important for IFN-α-protection in AIA. Transient depletion of Treg cells by diphtheria toxin in DEREG mice in the arthritis phase, but not during the sensitisation phase abolished IFN-α-protection. Treatment with IFN-α enhanced the numbers of Treg cells in the course of AIA and their function; compared to untreated mice, Treg cells isolated at day 10 and 20 of AIA from IFN-α- treated mice exhibited higher suppressive activity against mBSA-stimulated proliferation of responder T cells. The enhancing effect of IFN-α on Treg cell numbers was observed in blood, spleen, LNs and also in ex-vivo cultures of leucocytes re-stimulated with mBSA and IFN-α. Although IFN-α clearly increased the suppressive activity of Treg cells, adoptive transfer of Treg cells from mBSA immunized mice, regardless of IFN-α treatment, prevented the development of arthritis. Conclusion In the presence of IFN-α during antigen sensitisation, a state of tolerance is established, which is able to prevent joint inflammation induced by antigenic re-challenge. This immunological tolerance is created in the sensitisation phase of AIA and is characterized by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased TGF-β production and activity of the IDO1 enzyme, the latter two being indispensable for IFN-α-induced protection. Administration of Kyn, the metabolite of the enzymatic activity of IDO1, in the sensitisation phase also protected against AIA downstream of type I IFN signalling. In the arthritis phase regulatory T cells, whose numbers and suppressive capacity was clearly enhanced by IFN-α, mediate the actual prevention of arthritis development in IFN-α-treated animals. We have thus identified molecular and cellular components of the anti-inflammatory program elicited by IFN-α including Kyn that may not have the pro-inflammatory effects associated with IFN.
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Bäckdahl, Liselotte. "Genetic dissection of experimental arthritis in the DA rat /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-227-6/.
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Bao, Lei. "Immunomodulation and immunopathogenesis in the autoimmune disease with emphasis on autoimmune neuritis and arthritis /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-447-X/.
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Andrén, Maria. "The Role of Fc Gamma Receptors in Experimental Arthritis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4724.
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Induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model for human rheumatoid arthritis, is dependent on anti-collagen type II (CII) antibodies. The effector mechanism by which autoantibodies contribute to inflammatory reactions in autoimmune diseases is not well understood. In this thesis I have studied the effector pathways used by IgG anti-CII antibodies to initiate arthritis, namely the IgG Fc receptors (FcγRs) and the complement system. We have found that FcγRIII is crucial for development of CIA, as CII-immunized mice lacking this receptor do not develop arthritis and IgG1 and IgG2b anti-CII antibodies require FcγRIII to trigger arthritis when transferred to naïve mice. The antibody-mediated arthritis was further enhanced in mice deficient in the inhibitory FcγRIIB, indicating that FcγRIIB regulates the activation of FcγRIII. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FcγRIII exist as three distinct haplotypes in mice, FcγRIII:H, FcγRIII:V and FcγRIII:T. Mice expressing the FcγRIII:H haplotype are more susceptible to CIA than mice expressing the FcγRIII:V haplotype, indicating that certain FcγRIII haplotype predisposes for CIA. We also show that the most likely FcγRIII-expressing effector cell in CIA is the macrophage, since FcγRIII-expressing macrophages exclusively can induce arthritis in FcγRIII-deficient mice challenged for CIA.
The complement system was also investigated in development of CIA. We found that this effector pathway is also necessary for onset of arthritis, as CIA was inhibited by treatment with anti-complement factor 5 (C5) antibodies. C5-deficient mice could neither develop CIA unless provided with C5-containing sera.
Taken together, the work presented in this thesis indicates that FcγRs and the complement system are crucial for the induction of experimental arthritis. These findings are important for understanding the mechanisms behind rheumatoid arthritis and blocking of these effector pathways may in the future be used as treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Kolodziej, Lukasz. "An investigation of the kynurenine pathway in experimental arthritis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9641.
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The kynurenine pathway is a catabolic biochemical pathway responsible for degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. As a consequence, biologically active molecules, kynurenines, are produced. These chemical entities can influence immune responses. Previously, it has been shown that pharmacological inhibition of the initial step on the pathway increases the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast, treatment with kynurenine, a major by product of tryptophan degradation, effectively ameliorated the disease. This project was based around the hypothesis that tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway represents an endogenous regulatory mechanism that is activated in response to inflammation. To test this hypothesis, I carried out a comprehensive analysis of the kynurenine pathway in the immune system in CIA as well as in the liver or kidneys, organs in which kynurenine pathway is the most active under normal conditions. In this study, the endogenous activity of the kynurenine pathway in the immune system (lymph nodes and spleen), inflamed paws, liver, and kidneys was monitored during the induction phase of CIA (day 14 after immunisation) and during the period of disease resolution (day 10 after disease onset). In addition, the concentration of tryptophan, kynurenine and its selected catabolites anthranilic acid (AA) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) was determined in the sera. All results were compared with naive tissues.Increased expression of all enzymes along the kynurenine pathway was observed locally in draining lymph nodes during the pre-arthritic phase of arthritis and this was accompanied by reduced levels of tryptophan. In contrast, during the resolution phase of arthritis not only was there decreased tryptophan concentration, but also there was an accumulation of the downstream tryptophan metabolites, kynurenine, AA, and 3-HAA in lymph nodes. In addition, the accumulation of kynurenine and its downstream metabolites observed during the resolution of arthritis was accompanied by reduced expression of enzymes involved in kynurenine catabolism (kynureninase, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, and 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4 dioxygenase) towards the levels found in naïve mice. These findings provide for the first time evidence of an association between resolution of arthritis and the local accumulation of kynurenines in lymph nodes. However, in the paws and spleens of mice with CIA, there was no evidence of activation of the kynurenine pathway. Surprisingly, however, kynurenine catabolism was increased in the kidneys and liver during CIA which may explain why in sera from mice with CIA, the tryptophan concentration was not changed, whereas levels of kynurenine, AA, and 3-HAA actually decreased, despite the increased levels found in lymph nodes at the same time points. Based on these findings I assessed the potential therapeutic effect of exogenous administration of AA and 3-HAA in mice with established CIA and in order to facilitate this study I established a novel method of assessment of bone integrity based on 3-dimensional imaging using micro-computed tomography. Using in vivo observations, micro-computed tomography and histological sectioning with hematoxylin and eosin staining, I showed that neither AA nor 3-HAA treatment was effective in established CIA. However, treatment with etanercept, a potent inhibitor of TNF, profoundly reduced the severity of bone and cartilage damage. I also confirmed previous findings that tranilast, a derivative of 3-HAA which exhibits kynurenine-like activity and has a longer half-life than naturally occurring tryptophan metabolite, was effective in established CIA. Thus, taken together, activation of the kynurenine pathway in the lymph nodes may constitute a fine tuning mechanism involved in resolution of inflammation. However, exogenous administration of naturally occurring kynurenines is unlikely to be an effective therapeutic strategy to reduce inflammation in arthritis, possibly because of their rapid clearance from the circulation.
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Gillet, Pierre. "Etude d'un modele experimental de spondylarthropathie : l'arthrite au collagene de type ii chez le rat." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN11245.
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Garrett, Neil Edward. "Substance P and experimental joint inflammation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244679.
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Kokkola, Riikka. "HMGB1 as a proinflammatory mediator in arthritis /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-506-9.
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Weiss, Rüdiger J. "Joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis : experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-354-2/.
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Foong, W. C. "Treatment of an experimental allergic arthritis with liposome-entrapped cytotoxics." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370171.
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Kuhn, Kristine Ann. "Antibodies to citrulline-modified proteins in collagen-induced arthritis /." Connect to full text at ProQuest Digital Dissertations. IP filtered, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Immunology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-100). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Svelander, Lena. "Studies on immunological mechanisms of induced arthritis in the rat /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-349-X/.
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Palm, Anna-Karin E. "Function and Regulation of B-cell Subsets in Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kemisk biologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265024.
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B lymphocytes play a significant role in autoimmune arthritis, with their function stretching beyond autoantibody production to cytokine secretion and presentation of autoantigen. However, the involvement and activation of different B-cell subset in the autoimmune response is not fully clear. The main focus of this thesis has been to understand the contribution of marginal zone (MZ) B cells in the induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We show that MZ B cells in the spleen of naïve mice display a natural self-reactivity to collagen type II (CII), the autoantigen used for immunization of CIA. The CII-reactive MZ B cells expand rapidly following immunization with CII, and produce IgM and IgG antibodies to CII. They also very efficiently present CII to cognate T cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, absence of regulatory receptors such as CR1/2 or FcγRIIb on the MZ B cells increases their proliferation and cytokine production in response to toll-like receptor, but not B-cell receptor, activation. Further, FcγRIIb-deficient MZ B cells present CII to T cells more efficiently than wild-type MZ B cells. We additionally demonstrate for the first time the existence of a small population of nodal MZ B cells in mouse lymph nodes. Similar to splenic MZ B cells, the nodal MZ B cells expand after CIA induction, secrete IgM anti-CII antibodies and can present CII to cognate T cells. Finally, we show that mast cells, associated with ectopic B cell follicles in inflamed RA joints, in coculture with B cells promote their expansion, production of IgM and IgG antibodies as well as upregulation of CD19 and L-selectin. Coculture with mast cells further causes the B cells to upregulate costimulators and class II MHC, important molecules for antigen-presenting function. In summary, my findings suggest that splenic and nodal self-reactive MZ B cells participate in breaking T-cell tolerance to CII in CIA. B-cell intrinsic regulation is needed to keep such autoreactive B cells quiescent. Mast cells can potentiate B-cell responses locally in the arthritic joint, thus feeding the autoimmune reaction.
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Blaho, Victoria Alison. "Lipid mediators in the development and resolution of experimental lyme arthritis." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4819.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "May 2007" Includes bibliographical references.
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Guo, Yongzhi. "Plasmin : a potent pro-inflammatory factor." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1607.
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Teixeira, Vivian de Oliveira Nunes. "O envolvimento do proteossomo na perda muscular de modelo de artrite induzida por colágeno e o efeito do tratamento com inibidor do fator de necrose tumoral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139772.
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Introdução: A artrite reumatoide é uma doença inflamatória autoimune associada à complicações sistêmicas como fadiga e perda muscular. Perda muscular pode estar relacionada com a ativação do sistema ubiquitina-proteossomo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a perda muscular e o evolvimento do proteossomo no modelo de artrite induzida por colágeno (CIA), com ou sem o tratamento de metotrexato ou inibidor de TNF (etanercepte). Métodos: Camundongos DBA1/J machos foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=8 cada): CIA (salina); ETN (etanercepte, 5.5 /) e MTX (metotrexato, 35 /), tratados duas vezes por semana por 6 semanas, e um grupo controle saudável (CO). Tratamentos iniciaram uma semana após a injeção do booster. Escore clínico, edema da pata traseira e peso corporal foram analisados durante o período experimental. Músculo gastrocnêmio (GA) foi pesado após a morte e usado para quantificar a atividade, níveis proteicos e expressão de mRNA das diferentes subunidades do proteossomo através de ensaio fluorogênico, Western blot e rtPCR, respectivamente. Resultados: Tratamentos reduziram o desenvolvimento da doença, observado através do menor escore clínico e edema da pata traseira nos grupos ETN e MTX. ETN apresentou maior peso corporal do que MTX nas semanas 5 e 7. Músculo GA estava aumentado em ETN do que CIA e MTX, um resultado também observado no peso muscular normalizado. As propriedades catalíticas do proteossomo 26S muscular mostraram um aumento na atividade do tipo caspase nos grupos CIA e MTX. Tecidos musculares de animais MTX demonstraram maiores níveis proteicos das subunidades do proteossomo PSMB8 e PSMB9 e maior expressão gênica de Psmb5, Psmb8 e Psmb9. Por outro lado, a expressão de Psmb6 estava diminuída e de Psmb9 estava aumentada em CIA. Conclusões: Apesar de ambos os medicamentos melhorarem o escore da doença, ETN apresentou um afeito anti-artrítico mais forte e foi o único tratamento capaz de prevenir parcialmente a perda muscular. Ao contrário de ETN, CIA e o tratamento com MTX apresentaram perda muscular e atividade e expressão do proteossomo aumentadas.Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with systemic complications like fatigue and muscle wasting. Muscle wasting could be related to the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscle loss and involvement of the proteasome in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), with or without treatment with methotrexate or a TNF inhibitor (etanercept). Methods: Male DBA1/J mice were divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): CIA (saline); ETN (etanercept, 5.5 /) and MTX (methotrexate, 35 /), treated twice a week for 6 weeks, and a healthy control group (CO). Treatments started one week after booster injection. Clinical score, hind paw oedema, and body weight were analysed during the experimental period. Gastrocnemius muscles (GA) were weighted after death and used to quantify proteasome activity, protein levels and mRNA expression of its subunits by Western blot and rtPCR, respectively. Results: Treatments slowed disease development, observed through smaller clinical score and hindpaw edema in ETN and MTX groups. ETN presented higher body weight compared to MTX group at weeks 5 and 7. GA weight was heavier in ETN than CIA and MTX, a result also observed in the normalized muscle weight. The catalytic properties of 26S proteasome showed an increase of caspase-like activity in CIA and MTX groups. Muscles tissues of MTX treated animals showed higher protein levels for proteasomal subunits PSMB8 and PSMB9 and higher gene expression for Psmb5, Psmb8 and Psmb9. In contrast, expression of Psmb6 was decreased and of Psmb9 was enhanced in CIA. Conclusions: Although both drugs improved the disease score, ETN presented a stronger anti-arthritic effect and was the only treatment able to partially prevent muscle wasting. In contrast to ETN, CIA and MTX treatment did not prevent muscles loss due to increased proteasome expression and activity.
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Julià, Cano Antonio. "Genomic approaches for the identi cation of risk loci for Rheumatoid Arthritis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/48650.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune
diseases in the world and is characterized by the chronic in
ammation
of the synovial joints. The origin of the disease is unknown but it
is actually accepted that it is caused by the complex interaction of
a genetic susceptibility background and environmental factors. To
date, the characterization of the genetic architecture of RA is far
from complete. In the present work we will use the power of two
distinct genomic approaches to identify new candidate genes for the
susceptibility to RA.
In the rst genomic approach, we have used gene expression microarrays
to characterize the in vitro transcriptional response of the synovial
broblast (SF) to the stimulation with RA synovial
uid. Using
a reverse engineering approach, we have inferred the main transcriptional
regulatory network that governs the response to this complex
proin
ammatory stimulus. We have then studied the genes in this
regulatory network as risk factors for RA susceptibility using a casecontrol
approach. We have analyzed the association of each gene
with disease independently, but we have also analyzed the presence of
higher order interactions associated with disease risk (i.e. epistasis)
using the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction method.
In the second genomic approach, we have used whole genome genotyping
microarrays targeting more than 300,000 SNPs (Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms) markers to perform a Genome-wide Association
Study (GWAS) in RA. In order to increase the statistical power
of our study we have implemented a liability-based design. We have subsequently validated those loci showing highest evidence of association
using an independent replication cohort. Also, in order to
integrate our ndings with the evidence of previous GWAS in RA,
we have determined those genomic loci showing increased clustering
of signals between studies. Finally, we have performed an exhaustive
genome-wide analysis of the two-way epistatic interactions associated
with RA applying parallel computation.
Using the SF in vitro stimulation model we have identi ed n = 157
genes signi cantly associated with the response to RA proin
ammatory
stimulus. Within this set of di erentially expressed genes there
are genes that have been clearly associated to RA pathophisiology but
also new genes not previously linked to this disease. From the di erential
expression data we have been able to identify a 13 gene Nuclear
Factor kappa-Beta (NF-kB) transcriptional regulatory network, as the
key transcriptional regulatory force in this RA SF model. Whilst
several of the genes in the network showed nominal association to
disease, we have identi ed a signi cant epistatic interaction between
interleukin 6 (IL6 ) and interleukin 4 induced 1 (IL4I1 ) genes.
In the GWAS approach we have identi ed several candidate genes for
RA, advanced RA and chronic arthritis risk. Using an independent
replication dataset we have found an intronic SNP in Kruppel-Like
Factor 12 (KLF12) gene as the most strongly associated SNP with
RA. The meta-analysis with previous GWAS results has also identi-
ed several genomic regions -including KLF12 locus- that are likely
to harbour new risk variants for RA. In the genome-wide epistasis
analysis we have found a number of SNP pairs associated with RA
with a signi cance close to the conservative multiple test correction
threshold. Also, we have found that two-way interactions including
the HLA region, the strongest main e ect in RA, are ranked secondarily
to many other potentially interacting loci, thus suggesting a
minor role for this locus in the epistatic susceptibility to disease.
The two alternative genomic approaches we present in this work have
identi ed a group of new loci which are likely to be associated with
the risk to RA. This group of candidate loci should be now validated
in independent populations to con rm their implication in RA susceptibility.
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Love, W. G. "The stability and distribution of radiolabelled liposomes in an experimental model of arthritis." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233762.
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Wu, Qinyang. "Galanin and leu-enkephalin in the rat with special reference to adjuvant arthritis /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-977-3/.
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Donaldson, Lucy F. "The primary afferent nociceptor and neuropeptide gene expression : importance in experimental arthritis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20937.
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In these studies, the primary afferent neuronal response to peripheral inflammation with respect to neuropeptide mRNA expression, and the role of the primary afferent and its neuropeptides in the spread of arthritis have been examined. The regulation of neuropeptide genes in DRG during inflammation is not well understood. Blockage of the increase in primary afferent spontaneous activity known to be observed within hours of the onset of inflammation using local anaesthetic prevented the increase in PPT and CGRP mRNA seen in DRG 8 hours after adjuvant injection. While endogenous glucocorticoids have been shown to regulate neuropeptide levels in DRG, adrenalectomy had no effect on the degree or spread of arthritis and had only subtle effects on the expression of PPT and CGRP mRNA. Expression of transcription factors in DRG on noxious stimulation has not been demonstrated, and this has been substantiated in these experiments as expression of NGFI-A, NGFI-B and c-jun was not detectable in DRG innervating inflamed or uninflamed joints. AP-2 mRNA, encoding a transcription factor constitutively expressed in tissue of neural crest origin, showed a rapid increase in expression one hour after injection, returning to control levels within 2 hours. The possible involvement of AP-2 in the regulation of these neuropeptides remains to be determined. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that polymodal nociceptors and the neuropeptides they express are closely associated with the maintenance and spread of arthritis. Changes in neuropeptide mRNA expression may be regulated through many mechanisms, including neuronal activity, and transcription factor induction.
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Conigliaro, Paola. "Dissecting the contribution of B cells in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6209/.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterised by extensive synovitis resulting in cartilage and bone erosions. Both the innate and adaptive immune pathways contribute to the initiation and the maintenance of the disease. Understanding the role of these pathways is central to develop new therapeutics. We have developed a murine model of RA where ovalbumin (OVA) specific Th1 cells induced a breach of self-tolerance and a transient monoarthritis. This thesis aimed firstly to create a model of chronic autoimmune polyarthritis and then to investigate the contribution of B cells and innate inflammation to the induction of arthritis. Relapse of arthritis was associated with the nature of the antigen (OVA) employed and the route of administration. The analysis of collagen specific B cell response revealed that anti-type II collagen antibodies titres rise during the induction of the relapse of arthritis and that they were directed against the epitope U1. Although typical RA autoantibodies were detected in OVA-mediated arthritis, a mild arthritis could be elicited in absence of antigen presenting B cells and in complete absence of mature B cells. B cells were not necessary in the induction of pathology even though their presence was associated with a higher joint histology score. Finally, this thesis describes that an innate inflammatory stimulus, such as LPS, elicited joint pathology but was insufficient to breach B and T self-tolerance. On the contrary, antigen-specific T cell activation led to arthritis and the production of several autoantibodies typical of RA. The relapse and spread of arthritis developed in this thesis provides a useful tool to investigate the contribution of the innate and adaptive immune pathways in the development of autoreactive responses. A better understanding of these mechanisms will hopefully help to design new therapeutic intervention aiming to re-establish immunological tolerance.
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Paim, Luciana BrandÃo. "AÃÃo antiinflamatÃria da lectina de semente de dioclea violacea na artrite induzida por zymosan." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=744.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorLectinas de origem vegetal inibem quimiotaxia neutrofÃlica, provavelmente por aÃÃo competitiva com selectinas endÃgenas por um sÃtio glicosÃdico na membrana de cÃlulas endoteliais, leucÃcitos ou em componentes da matrix extracelular. Exploramos os efeitos de lectina isolada de sementes de Dioclea violacea (Dviol) na artrite induzida por zymosan (Azy). Ratos Wistar (180 a 220g) receberam injeÃÃo intra-articular (i.a.) de zymosan (Zy) (1mg) no joelho direito. A hiperalgesia foi avaliada pelo teste de incapacitaÃÃo articular, medido pelo tempo de suspensÃo da pata (TSP) em s/min. O influxo celular (IC) foi medido no lavado articular, obtido 6 h apÃs a injeÃÃo do Zy, por lavagem e aspiraÃÃo da articulaÃÃo. Grupos foram prÃ-tratados (30 min) antes do Zy com Dviol (1 - 30 Âg; i.a. ou 1 - 10mg/kg; e.v.), sendo comparados ao grupo nÃo-tratado (NT), que recebeu apenas Zy e o veÃculo. Outros grupos receberam apenas Dviol (0,3- 30 Âg) i.a. e o grupo Naive, apenas salina i.a. A administraÃÃo de Dviol (6mg/kg; e.v.), reduziu significantemente (p<0,01) a hiperalgesia (TSP= 14,08  1,4) quando comparado ao NT (TSP= 36,06  3,3). A injeÃÃo endovenosa de Dviol inibiu o IC (18.266,7  1.890,1; 14.633,3  3.207,2; 2.790  503,3 e 120  37,4 cÃlulas/mm3 para 1, 3, 6 e 10mg de Dviol, respectivamente) quando comparados ao NT (37.583,3  6.007,2 cÃlulas/mm3). A administraÃÃo i.a. de apenas Dviol (30 Âg) aumentou significativamente o TSP (15,5  0,9), em relaÃÃo ao NV. Dviol i.a. isolada (0,3 a 30; Âg), aumentou significantemente o IC (3.600  676; 4.958,3  1037,2 e 8.350  1.511,5 cÃlulas/mm3 para lectina 0,3; 3 e 30, respectivamente), comparado ao NV (858,3  389,5 cÃlulas/mm3). Dviol (10 Âg; i.a.), 30 min antes da injeÃÃo do Zy, inibiu significantemente a hiperalgesia (TSP = 20,15  2,2) (p<0,01), em relaÃÃo ao NT (TSP= 35,9  2,7). Dviol i.a. (1, 10 e 30μg) reduziu significantemente o IC (18.266,7  1.890,1; 11.366,7  2.883,7 e 19.866,7  1.783,4 cÃlulas/mm3, respectivamente), comparado ao NT. A administraÃÃo e.v. de Dviol (6 mg/kg) + manose (0,1M), reverteu a inibiÃÃo da Dviol na hiperalgesia (TSP= 38,4  4,4) (P<0,01) e no IC (15200  1829,7 cÃlulas/mm3) da AZy, em relaÃÃo a Dviol (6mg/kg;e.v.) (TSP= 14,08  1,4 e IC= 2.790  503,3 cÃlulas/mm3). Os resultados demonstram, de maneira inÃdita, que a lectina de semente de Dviol tem aÃÃo antiinflamatÃria em artrite experimental. Esse efeito parece ser prioritariamente associado à ligaÃÃo da Dviol a sÃtios de polissacarÃdeos intra-articulares, embora nÃo possamos descartar que a ligaÃÃo a domÃnios protÃicos possa estar envolvida nessa aÃÃo
Plant-derived lectins inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis, probably through a competitive mechanism with endogenous selectins for a glycosidic residue in the membrane of endothelial cells, leukocytes or in components of the extracellular matrix. We investigated the effects of a lectin isolated from Dioclea violacea (Dviol) seeds in the zymosan-induced arthritis (Azy). Wistar rats (180 a 220g) received an intraarticular (i.a.) injection of 1 mg zymosan (Zy) into the right knee. The hyperalgesia was evaluated with the test for articular incapacitation, measured as the paw elevation time (PET) in s/1min. Cell influx (IC) was assessed in the joint exudate, obtained 6 h after injection of the Zy, through washing and aspiration of the joint. Groups were pretreated 30min before the Zy with Dviol (1 - 30 Âg; i.a. ou 1 - 10mg/kg; e.v.), and were compared to non-treated groups (NT), that received the Zy and the vehicle. Others groups received only Dviol (0,3 - 30Âg; i.a. and the naÃve animals (NV) received just saline i.a. The i.v. administration of Dviol (6mg/kg) significantly reduced the hyperalgesia (p<0.01) (PET= 14,08 Â 1,4) as compared to NT (PET= 36,06 Â 3,3). The i.v. injection of Dviol inhibited IC (18.266,7 Â 1.890,1; 14.633,3 Â 3.207,2; 2.790 Â 503,3 e 120 Â 37,4 cells/mm3 for the 1, 3, 6, and 10mg doses of Dviol, respectively). Dviol given i.a. isolated (30Âg) increased PET (15,5 Â 0,9) significantly, as compared to NV. Dviol i.a. isolated (0,3 - 30 Âg) significantly increased IC (3.600 Â 676; 4.958,3 Â 1037,2 e 8.350 Â 1.511,5 cells/mm3 for 0,3, 3 e 30 Âg, respectively), as compared to NV (858,3 Â 389,5 cells/mm3). Dviol (10 Âg i.a.) given 30min before the Zy significantly inhibited the hyperalgesia (PET = 20,15 Â 2,2) (p<0.01), as compared to NT (TSP= 9,9 Â1,2). Dviol i.a. (1, 10, and 30μg) significantly reduced IC (18.266,7 Â 1.890,1; 11.366,7 Â 2.883,7 e 19.866,7 Â 1.783,4 cells/mm3, respectively), as compared to NT. The i.v. administration of Dviol (6 mg/kg) + manose reversed the inhibitory action of Dviol in the hyperalgesia (PET= 38,4 Â 4,4) (P<0.01) and in the IC (15200 Â 1829,7 cells/mm3) of the AZy, as compared to Dviol (6mg/kg; i.v.) (TEP= 14,08 Â 1,4 and IC= 2.790 Â 503,3 cells/mm3). The results demonstrate, for the first time, that the lectin isolated from Dviol has anti-inflammatory effect in an experimental arthritis model. This effect appears to be prominently due to the coupling of Dviol to intrarticular polysaccharide residues. However, we can not exclude that coupling to protein residues may be also involved in this mechanism
34
Howat, D. W. "Metabolic and cellular changes in rheumatoid arthritis, natural and experimental : A quantitative cytochemical study." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371782.
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Chenna, Narendra Sudeep. "Systemic and local regulation of experimental arthritis by IFN-α, dendritic cells and uridine." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för neuro- och inflammationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136238.
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In this thesis, we have studied the immunological processes of joint inflammation that may be targets for future treatment of patients with arthritis. We focus on the immune-modulating properties of interferon-α (IFN-α) and uridine in experimental arthritis. The nucleoside uridine, which is regarded a safe treatment has anti-inflammatory properties notably by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release. Because the inflamed synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by pathogenic TNF-production, uridine could potentially be away to ameliorate arthritis. Systemic administration of uridine had no effect on antigeninduced arthritis (AIA), which is a T-cell dependent model where animals are immunized twice (sensitization) with bovine serum albumin (mBSA), before local triggering of arthritis by intra-articular antigen (mBSA) re-challenge. In contrast, intra-articular administration of uridine clearly down modulated development of AIA in a dose dependent manner and inhibited the expression of synovial adhesion molecules, influx of inflammatory leukocytes and synovial expression of TNF and interleukin 6, but did not affect systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines or antigen-specific T-cell responses. Local administration of uridine may thus be a viable therapeutic option for treatment of arthritis in the future. Viral double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsRNA), a common nucleic acid found in most viruses, can be found in the joints of RA patients and local deposition of such viral dsRNA induces arthritis by activating IFN-α. Here we show that arthritis induced by dsRNA can be mediated by IFN-producing dendritic cells in the joint and this may thus explain why viral infections are sometimes associated with arthritis. Earlier, to study the effect of dsRNA and IFN-α in an arthritis model, that like RA, is dependent on adaptive immunity, dsRNA and IFN-α were administered individually during the development of AIA. Both molecules clearly protected against AIA in a type I IFN receptor-dependent manner but were only effective if administered in the sensitization phase of AIA. Here we show that the anti-inflammatory effect of IFN-α is critically dependent on signalling via transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO). The IDO enzyme is produced by plasmacytoid DC and this cell type was critically required both during antigen sensitization and in the arthritis phase of AIA for the protective effect of IFN-α against AIA. In contrast, TGF-β and the enzymatic activity of IDO were only required during sensitization, which indicate that they are involved in initial steps of tolerogenic antigen sensitization. In this scenario, IFN- α first activates the enzymatic activity of IDO in pDC, which converts Tryptophan to Kynurenine, which thereafter activates TGF-β. Common for IDO-expressing pDC, Kyn and TGF-β is their ability to induce development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). We found that Tregs were crucial for IFN-α-mediated protection against AIA, but only in the arthritis phase. In line with this, adoptive transfer of Tregs isolated from IFN-α treated mice to recipient animals in the arthritis phase clearly protected against AIA. The numbers of Tregs were not significantly altered by IFN-α but IFN-α increased the suppressive capacity of Tregs against antigen-induced proliferation. This enhanced suppressive activity of Tregs in the arthritis phase was dependent on the earlier activated enzyme IDO1 during the sensitization phase of AIA. Thus, presence of IFN-α at the time of antigen sensitization activates the enzymatic activity of IDO, which generates Tregs with enhanced suppressive capacity that upon antigen re-challenge prevents inflammation. We have thus identified one example of how immune tolerance can be developed, that may be a future way to combat autoimmunity.
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Schweinhardt, Petra. "Neural correlates of clinical pain processing in neuropathic and inflammatory pain patients and comparison with experimental pain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:12e71d31-24f8-47e8-ba83-129575007644.
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The goal of this thesis was to examine the processing of clinical pain in two patient groups with well defined primary pathologies, i.e. neuropathic pain patients and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It was hypothesized that chronic pain is associated with plastic changes in pain processing brain structures that can be detected using functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). The first study, presented in Chapter 3, demonstrates that the neural representation of experimental heat pain is different in neuropathic pain patients than in age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects, although the pain stimulus was applied outside clinically affected areas. Increased activation was found in amygdala and anterior insula in the patient group and was accompanied by increased state anxiety and depression scores. Anterior insula is the focus of Chapter 4 in which it is demonstrated that clinical pain processing is located significantly more anteriorly in the insula than experimental pain processing, in close proximity to neural correlates of highly negative emotions and the conscious perception of bodily sensations. This offers a potential explanation for the shift of clinical pain processing. In Chapter 5, clinical pain is contrasted with experimental pain in the same patient population, i.e. patients with RA. In addition to comparing clinical and experimental pain processing, it was investigated if emotional and cognitive determinates of the pain experience, specifically depression and catastrophizing, exert different influences on the two types of pain. It is shown that clinical pain, but not experimental pain, is likely to be driven partially by depressive symptoms whereas catastrophizing is associated with the same neural activation pattern in both conditions. The cerebral representation of allodynic pain in neuropathic pain patients is presented Chapter 6. Chapters 6 and 7 demonstrate that the FMRI signal encodes the perceived intensity of clinical allodynic pain across subjects and that it reflects longitudinal variations of the perceived intensity within subjects. This thesis illustrates that FMRI can reveal subtle differences in the processing of clinical and experimental pain, despite brain activation patterns being similar on the whole. It also indicates that FMRI can be used to elucidate the origin of these differences, for instance by studying the influence of emotional and cognitive variables. This suggests that neuroimaging methods, in particular FMRI, have the potential to dissect clinical pain into its constituent parts, including central sensitization, brainstem facilitation and amplification by psychological factors. Such knowledge could potentially be exploited to target treatment selectively at different components of clinical pain and to monitor longitudinal changes of these components separately.
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MANOURY, SCHNARTZ BENEDICTE. "Appretement du collagene de type ii antigene fibrillaire inducteur d'une arthrite auto-immune." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05N060.
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Alabarse, Paulo Vinicius Gil. "Biomarcadores de caquexia reumatoide : uma abordagem metabolômica em modelo experimental de artrite." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148071.
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Base teórica: Artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune que afeta as articulações e progride de maneira simétrica e erosiva. Além dos achados articulares, pode ocorrer de perda muscular e síndrome da caquexia. Atualmente, não existe um marcador que sirva de preditor da síndrome de caquexia reumatoide. Estudos metabolômicos em pacientes com AR demonstram uma complexidade em encontrar um biomarcador para caquexia. Ademais, não há modelo experimental de caquexia descrito na literatura, mas o modelo de artrite induzida por colágeno (CIA) possui potencial de ser modelo de caquexia reumatoide. A partir deste modelo, pode-se fazer a busca por biomarcadores de caquexia reumatoide via metabolômica. Objetivo: Avaliar o modelo de CIA como modelo experimental de caquexia reumatoide. Avaliar o perfil metabólico da urina no modelo de CIA e correlacionar com parâmetros clínicos de caquexia reumatoide em busca de possíveis biomarcadores. Métodos: Camundongos machos DBA/1J foram induzidos (CIA; n=13) no dia zero e receberam reforço 18 dias após, e grupo mantidos saudáveis sem indução (CO; n=11). Nos dias 0, 18, 25, 35, 45, 55 e 65 após a indução, foram realizados: coleta de urinas; teste de desempenho físico; teste de locomoção espontânea; teste de força; medida do volume do edema da pata traseira; avaliação do escore clínico; pesagem; e avaliação da ingestão alimentar. Após os 65 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados e tecidos musculares (gastrocnêmio – GA; e tibial anterior – TA) foram dissecados para pesagem e realização da razão sarcoplasmática. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA de duas vias, seguido de Bonferroni, ou teste t de Pearson, com significância a partir de um p<0,05. A urina coletada foi submetida à ressonância nuclear magnética (1D e 2D J-res). Os metabolitos foram identificados via Chenomx (1D) e pelo Birmingham Metabolite Library (BML; 2D J-res). Utilizou-se a o modelo estatístico de PCA, PLSDA e PLSR para criar ranqueamento de metabolitos (significância a partir de um p<0,05). Analizou-se as rotas metabólicas via Metaboanalyst a partir do ranqueamento de metabólitos obtidos. Os metabólitos obtidos foram filtrados para rotas metabólicas que ocorrem no músculo para identificação de potenciais biomarcadores de perda muscular. Resultados: O grupo CIA apresentou redução de até 24% na locomoção espontânea, de até 66% na força e de até 24% no teste de desempenho físico após 35 dias da indução, bem como redução no peso do GA (24%) e TA (25%), e relação sarcoplasmática (22 e 23%, respectivamente) em relação ao grupo CO. Os modelos estatísticos de PCA, PLSDA e PLSR, e o filtro pelas rotas metabólicas relacionadas com o músculo geraram uma lista de 28 metabólitos e relacionados com o desenvolvimento da doença, sendo eles: 3-metilhistidina, 4-aminobutirato, acetilcolina, arginina, aspartato, carnosina, creatina, creatinina, glutamina, histamina, histidina, isoleucina, leucina, metionina, lisina, mio-inositol, dimetilglicina, acetilalanina, acetilmetionina, pantotenato, fenilalanina, fosfocolina, fosfocreatina, piridoxina, sarcosina, succinilacetona, tiamina, e urocanato. Conclusão: Em concordância com os resultados de redução nos parâmetros de: massa muscular, locomoção espontânea, força e desempenho físico, somando-se a ausência de anorexia bem como mudança no peso, o modelo animal de CIA representa um modelo experimental próprio para caquexia reumatoide. A análise do perfil metabólico deste modelo permite sugerir 28 metabólitos relacionados ao processo de perda muscular, que podem vir a ser biomarcadores de caquexia reumatoide, objetivando prognóstico, diagnóstico e acompanhamento da síndrome. Destes metabólitos, os principais são pertencentes ao metabolismo de: histidina; arginina e prolina; glicina, serina e treonina; fosfocreatina, bem como outros aminoácidos e vitaminas do complexo B.Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints and has a symmetric development and it is erosive. Besides joint damage, it can develop muscle loss progress into cachexia syndrome. Currently, there is no marker that can predict it development in rheumatoid patients. Metabolomics in RA have shown to be complex to find out a biomarker for this syndrome. Also, there is no experimental model of cachexia described in literature yet; however the collageninduced arthritis (CIA) animal model seems to be a feasible model for rheumatoid cachexia. With this model, the research for a biomarker of rheumatoid cachexia can be done by metabolomics. Objectives: It will be evaluated if the CIA animal model can be also an animal model of rheumatoid cachexia. Afterwards, it will be evaluated a metabolic profile from urine of this animal model and correlate with clinical signs of rheumatoid cachexia to find out plausible biomarkers of it. Methods: Male DBA/1J mice were submitted to CIA (n=13), immunization occurred at day zero and a booster was performed 18 days after, and a healthy group with no induction (CO; n=11). At the 0,18, 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 days after the first injection, it was done: urine collection; physical performance test; free exploratory locomotion test; strength test; hindpaw edema volume measurement; follow up disease development; weighted; and food intake. After the 65 days, animals were euthanized and muscle (gastrocnemious – GA; and tibial anterior – TA) were dissected, and weighted for sarcoplasmic ratio. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc, and t-test of Pearson, and statistical critical limit was set for p<0.05. The collected urine was used for nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D J-res). Metabolites were identified by Chenomx (1D) and by the Birmingham Metabolite Library (BML; 2D J-res). Statistical model were performed using PCA, PLSDA and PLSR to create a ranking list of the metabolites (statistical critical limit was set for p<0.05). It was analyzed the metabolic pathway by Metaboanalyst from the data of metabolite ranking list. Then, the metabolite list was filtered by the metabolic pathways that take place in muscle tissue, in order to identify plausible biomarkers of muscle loss. Results: CIA group has shown reduction in up to 24% of free locomotion fatigue, up to 66% of strength and up to 24% of endurance physical performance after 35 days of the induction, as well as a decrease in GA (24%) and TA (25%) weight, and sarcoplasmic ratio also reduced (22 and 23%, respectivamente) related to CO group. The PCA, PLSDA and PLSR statistical models, and the filter by metabolic pathways related to muscle provided a list of 28 metabolites related to disease development, as can be listed: 3-methylhistidine, 4-aminobutyrate, acetylcholine, arginine, aspartate, carnosine, creatine, creatinine, glutamine, histamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, lysine, myo-inositol, dimethylglycine, acetylalanine, acetylmethionine, pantothenate, phenylalanine, phosphocholine, phosphocreatine, pyridoxine, sarcosine, succinylacetone, thiamine, and urocanate. Conclusions: Accordingly with the data with reduction of: muscle mass, spontaneous locomotion, strength and physical performance, added with absence of anorexia as well as weight change, CIA animal model is a feasible experimental model for rheumatoid cachexia. Concerning the metabolic profile from this model, it can be suggested 28 metabolites related to muscle loss in which can be tested for biomarker of rheumatoid cachexia, targeting prognosis, diagnosis, and syndrome follow up. From those metabolites, the main ones are engaged to metabolism of: histidine; arginine and proline; glycine, serine and threionine; phosphorcreatine, as well as other amino acids and vitamins from B complex.
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Quadros, Andreza Urba de. "Novo método de avaliação da incapacidade articular na artrite experimental: investigação do papel das células da glia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17133/tde-25052018-155256/.
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Um bom modelo experimental deve contar com métodos de avaliação eficazes de seus parâmetros. Esta é uma observação importante quando se faz necessária a avaliação da nocicepção e da incapacitação articular em animais experimentais. O estabelecimento de novos critérios aos testes animais é fundamental para que processos inflamatórios articulares possam continuar sendo estudados, entendidos e resolvidos. Buscando contribuir neste sentido, este trabalho realizou a padronização do teste de incapacitação dinâmico (TID) para avaliação da incapacitação articular em modelos experimentais de artrite. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o TID é sensível na avaliação da incapacitação articular em modelos de artrite induzida por antígeno (AIA) ou por zimosana. Além disso é preditivo para o estudo do efeito farmacológico de drogas que interfiram na incapacitação articular como anti-inflamatórias ou analgésicas. Desde o início da década de 90, quando participação das células da glia na dor foi descrita, diversos trabalhos surgiram mostrando seu papel em diferentes modelos animais. A participação das células da glia espinais na dor e incapacitação em modelos experimentais de artrite e artrite reumatoide têm sido relatada, mas não há descrição desta participação em função do tempo de indução do processo inflamatório articular. Por meio de ferramentas farmacológicas e moleculares, este trabalho mostra que as células da glia, tanto espinais como do gânglio da raiz dorsal estão participando na gênese e manutenção da incapacitação inflamatória articular em modelo de AIA. A participação destas células ocorre por meio da liberação de IL-1? e TNF? em nível medular e pela primeira vez é mostrado que a ativação astrocítica parece preceder a ativação microglial neste modelo.A good experimental model must rely on effective methods of evaluation of its parameters. This is an important observation when it is necessary to evaluate the articular nociception and disability in experimental animals. Establishing new criteria to test animals is essential for inflammatory joint can continue being studied, understood and resolved. Seeking help in this sense, this work constitutes a test dynamic weight bearing (DWB) standardization for assessment of articular incapacitation in experimental models of arthritis. The results show that the DWB is sensitive in assessing the impairment models articular antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) or zimosana. Furthermore is predictive for studying the pharmacological effects of drugs that interfere with articular incapacitation as antiinflammatory or analgesic. Since the early 90s, when participation of glial cells in pain was described, several studies have emerged showing its role in different animal models. The involvement of glial cells in the spinal pain and disability in experimental models of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have been reported, but no description of this contribution versus time of induction of joint inflammation. Through molecular and pharmacological tools, this work shows that the glial cells, both as the spinal dorsal root ganglio are participating in the genesis and maintenance of inflammatory joint incapacitation in AIA model. The participation of these cells occurs through the release of IL-1? and TNF? in the spinal cord and the first time it is shown that astrocytic activation appears to precede the microglial activation in this model.
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Gauldie, Stephan D. "The role of some putative mediators of peripheral nociceptor activation in adjuvant-induced experimental arthritis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23013.
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In this thesis behavioural and electrophysiological techniques in both the rat and the mouse were used to determine the effect of a number of mediators and/or pharmacological receptors reported to be involved in chronic inflammation and nociception. The specific aims of the thesis centred on testing the following hypotheses: a) The neuropeptide somatostatin inhibits sensory nerve function in both normal and arthritic knee joints, b) the endocannabinoid anandamide activates peripheral nociceptors via its reported action at the vanilloid receptor (VR1), c) chronic unilateral inflammation of the knee joint can be induced in mice using Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA), and d), the purinoceptor P2X7 plays a role in the induction of inflammation and hyperalgesia associated with experimental arthritis in mice. An additional aim of the thesis was in vivo neural recording from nociceptors innervating the mouse knee joint with a view to examining transgenic mice in future studies. In summary, in relation to the hypothesis being tested, the results showed that: a) the reported anti-nociceptive effect of somatostatin is not mediated by action on peripheral nociceptors or the inhibition of tested algogens, b) anandamide is able to directly activate sensory afferents via VR1 receptors, c) chronic, unilateral arthritis can be induced in mice by repeated intra-articular injections of FCA, and d P2X7 purinoceptors do not play a role in the induction of inflammation and hyperalgesia associated with the FCA model of unilateral arthritis. Innovation in this thesis included a novel model of murine unilateral arthritis and the development of a new technique for direct measurement of evoked discharge from peripheral nociceptors innervating the mouse knee joint. These advances in knowledge provide information relevant to understanding inflammatory joint disease and for future drug development.
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Bergh, Anna. "Defocused CO₂ laser irradiation in the rehabilitation of horses : an experimental and clinical study /." Uppsala : Dept. of Anatomy and Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200654.pdf.
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Bessis, Natacha. "Therapie genique cellulaire par des cytokines anti-inflammatoires dans des modeles experimentaux de la polyarthrite rhumatoide." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05N069.
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Ishikawa, Larissa Lumi Watanabe. "Estratégias tolerogênicas antígeno-específicas visando profilaxia e terapia na artrite autoimune experimental /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124050.
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Orientador: Alexandrina SartoriBanca: Liana Maria Cardoso Verinaud
Banca: Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato
Banca: Angela Maria Victoriano de Campos Soares
Banca: Paula Schmidt Azevedo Gaiolla
Resumo: A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune que compromete as articulações. A maioria das terapias utilizadas para o seu tratamento é baseada na inibição global da resposta imune, podendo aumentar a susceptibilidade a agentes infecciosos. O objetivo geral deste projeto foi definir estratégias tolerogênicas específicas para profilaxia ou terapia da AR. Para isso, em uma primeira etapa, estabelecemos um modelo de artrite induzida por proteoglicano (PG) bovino. Camundongos BALB/c fêmeas retired breeders imunizados com PG bovino associado ao adjuvante brometo de dimetil dioctadecil amônio apresentaram os sinais clínicos característicos da artrite, como eritema e edema decorrentes da inflamação articular de uma ou mais patas. A análise histopatológica mostrou a presença de hiperplasia sinovial, infiltrado inflamatório (formação de pannus), destruição da cartilagem e erosão óssea. A incidência da doença foi de 100% e os animais artríticos produziram níveis significativos de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias e anticorpos IgG1 e IgG2a anti-PG. Em uma segunda etapa, testamos o potencial profilático do PG. A inoculação de três doses de 50 μg de PG determinou um efeito profilático caracterizado pela diminuição significativa da incidência da artrite e do escore clínico dos animais. A diminuição da produção de IFN-g e IL-17, bem como o aumento da produção de IL-4 e IL-10 por células esplênicas estimuladas com PG, podem estar contribuindo para o efeito profilático observado neste grupo. Em uma terceira etapa, avaliamos o potencial terapêutico da associação da vitamina D ativa (VitD3) com o PG. A associação VitD3+PG determinou um efeito terapêutico na artrite experimental caracterizado por diminuição significativa do escore clínico. Este feito foi confirmado pela análise histopatológica que revelou que a maioria das patas do grupo tratado apresentou estrutura articular bem preservada, ...
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints. Most of the therapies used for RA treatment are based on general suppression of immune response, which may increase the susceptibility to infectious agents. The main objective of this work was to establish specific tolerogenic strategies for prophylaxis or therapy of RA. For this purpose, we first established a model of arthritis induced by bovine proteoglycan (PG). Female BALB/c retired breeder mice immunized with bovine PG associated with dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide adjuvant developed a typical arthritis characterized by erythema and edema resulting from joint inflammation of one or more paws. Histopathological analysis showed the presence of synovial membrane hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates (pannus formation), cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Disease incidence was 100% and the arthritic mice produced significant levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and IgG1 and IgG2a anti-PG antibodies. Further, we tested the prophylactic potential of PG. Three doses of 50 μg of PG determined a prophylactic effect characterized by a significant decrease in both, arthritis incidence and clinical scores. The decrease in IFN-g and IL-17, as well as the increase in IL-5 and IL-10 production by spleen cells stimulated with PG may be contributing to the prophylactic effect observed in this group. Lastly, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the combination of active vitamin D (VitD3) with PG. The VitD3+PG association determined a therapeutic effect in experimental arthritis. There was a significant decrease in the clinical scores after VitD3+PG treatment that was confirmed by the histopathological analysis. Most mice paws from the treated group presented well preserved joint structures that were similar to the ones present in healthy animals. Both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were decreased after this treatment. No differences were ...
Doutor
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Blake, Simon M. "Metabolic and histological changes associated with the experimentally induced arthritis in the rabbit." Thesis, Brunel University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332069.
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Catchpole, Brian. "Antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells in experimentally-induced arthritis in the rat." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314347.
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Corvo, Maria Luisa Teixeira de Azevedo Rodrigues. "Liposomes as delivery system for superoxide dismutase in experimental arthritis = Liposomen als dragersystemen voor superoxide dismutase in experimental artritis : Lipossomas come sistema terapêutico para superóxido dismutase na artrite experimental /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/300314604.pdf.
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Ishikawa, Larissa Lumi Watanabe [UNESP]. "Estratégias tolerogênicas antígeno-específicas visando profilaxia e terapia na artrite autoimune experimental." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124050.
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A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune que compromete as articulações. A maioria das terapias utilizadas para o seu tratamento é baseada na inibição global da resposta imune, podendo aumentar a susceptibilidade a agentes infecciosos. O objetivo geral deste projeto foi definir estratégias tolerogênicas específicas para profilaxia ou terapia da AR. Para isso, em uma primeira etapa, estabelecemos um modelo de artrite induzida por proteoglicano (PG) bovino. Camundongos BALB/c fêmeas retired breeders imunizados com PG bovino associado ao adjuvante brometo de dimetil dioctadecil amônio apresentaram os sinais clínicos característicos da artrite, como eritema e edema decorrentes da inflamação articular de uma ou mais patas. A análise histopatológica mostrou a presença de hiperplasia sinovial, infiltrado inflamatório (formação de pannus), destruição da cartilagem e erosão óssea. A incidência da doença foi de 100% e os animais artríticos produziram níveis significativos de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias e anticorpos IgG1 e IgG2a anti-PG. Em uma segunda etapa, testamos o potencial profilático do PG. A inoculação de três doses de 50 μg de PG determinou um efeito profilático caracterizado pela diminuição significativa da incidência da artrite e do escore clínico dos animais. A diminuição da produção de IFN-g e IL-17, bem como o aumento da produção de IL-4 e IL-10 por células esplênicas estimuladas com PG, podem estar contribuindo para o efeito profilático observado neste grupo. Em uma terceira etapa, avaliamos o potencial terapêutico da associação da vitamina D ativa (VitD3) com o PG. A associação VitD3+PG determinou um efeito terapêutico na artrite experimental caracterizado por diminuição significativa do escore clínico. Este feito foi confirmado pela análise histopatológica que revelou que a maioria das patas do grupo tratado apresentou estrutura articular bem preservada, ...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints. Most of the therapies used for RA treatment are based on general suppression of immune response, which may increase the susceptibility to infectious agents. The main objective of this work was to establish specific tolerogenic strategies for prophylaxis or therapy of RA. For this purpose, we first established a model of arthritis induced by bovine proteoglycan (PG). Female BALB/c retired breeder mice immunized with bovine PG associated with dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide adjuvant developed a typical arthritis characterized by erythema and edema resulting from joint inflammation of one or more paws. Histopathological analysis showed the presence of synovial membrane hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates (pannus formation), cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Disease incidence was 100% and the arthritic mice produced significant levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and IgG1 and IgG2a anti-PG antibodies. Further, we tested the prophylactic potential of PG. Three doses of 50 μg of PG determined a prophylactic effect characterized by a significant decrease in both, arthritis incidence and clinical scores. The decrease in IFN-g and IL-17, as well as the increase in IL-5 and IL-10 production by spleen cells stimulated with PG may be contributing to the prophylactic effect observed in this group. Lastly, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the combination of active vitamin D (VitD3) with PG. The VitD3+PG association determined a therapeutic effect in experimental arthritis. There was a significant decrease in the clinical scores after VitD3+PG treatment that was confirmed by the histopathological analysis. Most mice paws from the treated group presented well preserved joint structures that were similar to the ones present in healthy animals. Both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were decreased after this treatment. No differences were ...
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Teixeira, Vivian de Oliveira Nunes. "Envolvimento muscular em modelo experimental de artrite." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/37042.
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A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença crônica, inflamatória, sistêmica, com manifestações autoimunes articulares e extra-articulares, como fraqueza e atrofia muscular. Apesar de terem profundo impacto funcional, os mecanismos envolvidos nesses processos em músculo esquelético têm sido pouco estudados. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever o envolvimento muscular e vias moleculares em um modelo experimental de artrite e em um modelo de atrofia por desuso. Ratas Wistar, 8-12 semanas foram separadas em três grupos: controle (CO), imobilizado com bota de cobre (IM) e artrite induzida por colágeno bovino tipo II (CIA). A locomoção espontânea e o peso dos animais foram avaliados semanalmente. As articulações tíbio-társicas e os músculos gastrocnêmicos foram processados e corados com hematoxilina-eosina (HE). Imunoblot foi realizado para quantificar MuRF- 1, miogenina e anti-LC3. O nível de significância foi considerado quando p<0,05. A análise histológica das articulações confirmou a severidade da doença. Na locomoção espontânea houve uma diferença significativa na distância, velocidade, número de vezes em pé e número de descanso com redução no grupo CIA, quando comparado ao grupo controle, de 90%, 90%, 75% e aumento de 70%, respectivamente. O peso corporal total, o peso do músculo gastrocnêmio, e o peso relativo do músculo reduziram 20%, 30% e 20% nos animais CIA, quando comparado ao grupo controle. A análise histopatológica identificou no músculo de CIA: atrofia de fibras perifasciculares, infiltrado inflamatório, fibras atróficas do tipo 2 e edema. A área seccional da miofibra estava reduzida em torno de 30% no grupo CIA e 60% no IM. Na quantificação proteína demonstrou aumento da expressão em 70% das proteínas MuRF-1 e miogenina no grupo CIA quando comparado ao grupo controle, resultado não observado em IM. Na quantificação da proteína LC3 não houve diferença entre os grupos. Esse estudo demonstrou que o desenvolvimento da artrite experimental está associado com perda de peso e da mobilidade, atrofia muscular e degradação muscular nesses animais. Pela primeira vez foi demonstrado que a atrofia muscular na artrite está associada com a própria doença e não com a imobilidade, visto que o grupo IM, apesar de atrofia mais muscular mais marcada, não apresentou ativação das vias de atrofia (MuRF-1 e miogenina) que foram observadas no grupo CIA.Objective: Although causing great functional impact, the mechanisms of muscle wasting in RA have been poorly studied. The objective of this study is to describe the muscular involvement in an experimental model of arthritis and its pathways and compare with disuse atrophy. Methods: Female Wistar rats were separated in three groups: control (CO), collageninduced arthritis (CIA) and immobilized (IM). Spontaneous locomotion and weight were evaluated weekly. Gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated by histology and immunoblotting to measure LC3, MuRF-1 and myogenin expression. Significance was considered at p<0.05 level. Results: Histological analysis of the joint confirmed the severity of the arthropathy. There was significant difference in spontaneous locomotion (distance, velocity, number of times standing and number of times resting) in CIA group. Animal body weight, gastrocnemius muscle weight and relative muscle weight decreased 20%, 30% and 20% in CIA rats. Inflammatory infiltration, swelling and type 2 fiber atrophy was present in CIA gastrocnemius muscles, with reduced cross-sectional area by 30%, and 60% in IM. Imunoblotting analysis demonstrated increased expression of myogenin and MuRF-1 in CIA muscles by about 70%, while in IM remained similar to control. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the development of experimental arthritis is associated to decreased mobility, weight loss, muscle atrophy, increased expression of markers of muscle proteolysis and regeneration. For the first time it is demonstrated that muscle atrophy in arthritis is associated with the disease itself, and not simply due to decreased mobility, since immobilized group presented no activation of the same atrophy pathways.
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Cordano, Pablo. "Evolution of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats experimentally infected with molecularly cloned virus /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://www.stub.unibe.ch/html/haupt/datenbanken/diss/bestell.html.
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Schütte, Anja. "Depletion of CD8+ T-cells in goats experimentally infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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