Journal articles: 'Experiential Avoidance Model'

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Zhang, Junjie, and Enna Wang. "Indulging in Smartphones in Times of Stress: A Moderated Mediation Model of Experiential Avoidance and Trait Mindfulness." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12120485.

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Although previous studies have shown that perceived stress is positively related to problematic smartphone use, knowledge of mediating and moderating mechanisms underpinning this relationship is quite limited. In this study, we explored whether experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone use and whether trait mindfulness moderated this mediating process. A total of 763 Chinese college students completed the measures of perceived stress, experiential avoidance, problematic smartphone use, and trait mindfulness. The results indicate that perceived stress was positively related to problematic smartphone use and this relation was partially mediated by experiential avoidance. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis showed that trait mindfulness moderated the linkage between perceived stress and problematic smartphone use via experiential avoidance. This link became weaker for college students with higher levels of trait mindfulness. The results highlight the value of identifying the underlying mechanisms between perceived stress and college students’ problematic smartphone use.

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Shear, M. Katherine. "Exploring the Role of Experiential Avoidance from the Perspective of Attachment Theory and the Dual Process Model." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 61, no. 4 (December 2010): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.61.4.f.

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Avoidance can be adaptive and facilitate the healing process of acute grief or it can be maladaptive and hinder this same process. Maladaptive cognitive or behavioral avoidance comprises the central feature of the condition of complicated grief. This article explores the concept of experiential avoidance as it applies to bereavement, including when it is adaptive when it is problematic. Adaptive avoidance is framed using an attachment theory perspective and incorporates insights from the dual process model (DPM). An approach to clinical management of experiential avoidance in the syndrome of complicated grief is included.

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Curran, Joseph. "An experiential avoidance model of deliberate self-harm." Mental Health Practice 10, no. 5 (February 2007): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.10.5.29.s31.

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Ding, Huimin, Liyue Zhu, Hua Wei, Jingyu Geng, Feng Huang, and Li Lei. "The Relationship between Cyber-Ostracism and Adolescents’ Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Mediating Roles of Depression and Experiential Avoidance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912236.

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Based on the experiential avoidance model, the current study aims to test the relationship between cyber-ostracism and adolescents’ non-suicidal self-injury and to explore the mediating roles of depression and experiential avoidance. A sample of 1062 middle school students completed questionnaires on cyber-ostracism, depression, experiential avoidance, and self-injurious behavior. The results showed that cyber-ostracism, depression, experiential avoidance, and non-suicidal self-injury were positively correlated with each other. After controlling for gender and age, the mediation model test shows that cyber-ostracism was significantly and positively associated with non-suicidal self-injury. Depression and experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between cyber-ostracism and non-suicidal self-injury parallelly and sequentially. This study highlights the potential mechanisms of action between cyber-ostracism and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and finds that cyber-ostracism is a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury. This founding suggests that extra attention should be paid to the role of the online environment in addition to the offline environment experiences for the intervention of non-suicidal self-injury.

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Shin, Hyunmin, and Yongjoo Jo. "The relationship between college students’ covert narcissism and sns addiction tendency: The mediating effect of rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 21 (November 15, 2022): 861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.21.861.

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine relation between covert narcissism and SNS addiction tendency mediated by the rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance. Methods For this purpose, data were collected from 400 Korean college students aged between 18 and 28 nationwide via online and data were analyzed using correlation analysis with SPSS 21.0 and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) with Mplus 7.0 to test the theoretical model. Results The results of the study are as follows. First, there was a significant positive correlation between covert narcissism, rejection sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and SNS addiction tendency. Second, by comparing the possible path models among the variables, we found that the partial-mediation model is more appropriate than full-mediation model. And, we removed a path from covert narcissism to SNS addiction tendency because the path is not signficant thus the edited model was chosen as the final model. In the path analysis of the final model, all the paths among variables were significant. Third, there was a single mediating effect of rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance on the path from covert narcissism to SNS addiction tendency, respectively. Fourth, covert narcissism has impact on the SNS addiction tendency through consecutive mediation of rejection sensitivity and experiential avoidance. Conclusions This study confirmed the direction and necessity of intervention in college student counseling through variables affecting SNS addiction tendency.

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Pickett, Scott M., Craig S. Lodis, Michele R. Parkhill, and Holly K. Orcutt. "Personality and experiential avoidance: A model of anxiety sensitivity." Personality and Individual Differences 53, no. 3 (August 2012): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.031.

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Gerhart, James I., Courtney N. Baker, Michael Hoerger, and George F. Ronan. "Experiential avoidance and interpersonal problems: A moderated mediation model." Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 3, no. 4 (October 2014): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.08.003.

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Kim, Kyung Hee. "The relationship between depression and psychological well-being: Exploring the path through experience avoidance, nonacceptance of positive emotion, prioritizing of positivity." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 19 (October 15, 2022): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.19.613.

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Objectives To explore the path through which depression contribute to the decrease in psychological well-being, this study examined the validity of a path model that depression leads to psychological well-being through experiential avoidance, nonacceptance of positive emotion, prioritizing of positivity. Methods Depression, avoidance of experience, nonacceptance of positive emotions, prioritizing of positivity, and psychological well-being were measured for 366 undergraduate students. The correlation between variables was analyzed. After item parcel, model fit and significance of paths between latent variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results First, there was no significant correlation between experiential avoidance and prioritizing of positivity, but there were significant correlations between depression, experiential avoidance, nonacceptance of positive emotion, prioritizing of positivity, and psychological well-being. Second, the indirect pathways from depression to experiential avoidance, nonacceptance of positive emotion, prioritizing of positivity, and psychological well-being were found to be significant. Conclusions These results suggest that acceptance of positive emotions and pursuit of positive experiences are necessary to prevent a decrease in psychological well-being due to depression. Finally, the implications and suggestions of this study are discussed.

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Romero-Moreno, R., A. Losada, M. Márquez-González, and B. T. Mausbach. "Stressors and anxiety in dementia caregiving: multiple mediation analysis of rumination, experiential avoidance, and leisure." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 11 (July 26, 2016): 1835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001009.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Despite the robust associations between stressors and anxiety in dementia caregiving, there is a lack of research examining which factors contribute to explain this relationship. This study was designed to test a multiple mediation model of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and anxiety that proposes higher levels of rumination and experiential avoidance and lower levels of leisure satisfaction as potential mediating variables.Methods:The sample consisted of 256 family caregivers. In order to test a simultaneously parallel multiple mediation model of the BPSD to anxiety pathway, a PROCESS method was used and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapping method was used to test confidence intervals.Results:Higher levels of stressors significantly predicted anxiety. Greater stressors significantly predicted higher levels of rumination and experiential avoidance, and lower levels of leisure satisfaction. These three coping variables significantly predicted anxiety. Finally, rumination, experiential avoidance, and leisure satisfaction significantly mediated the link between stressors and anxiety. The explained variance for the final model was 47.09%. Significant contrasts were found between rumination and leisure satisfaction, with rumination being a significantly higher mediator.Conclusions:The results suggest that caregivers’ experiential avoidance, rumination, and leisure satisfaction may function as mechanisms through which BPSD influence on caregivers’ anxiety. Training caregivers in reducing their levels of experiential avoidance and rumination by techniques that foster their ability of acceptance of their negative internal experiences, and increase their level of leisure satisfaction, may be helpful to reduce their anxiety symptoms developed by stressors.

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Shenk, Chad E., Frank W. Putnam, Joseph R. Rausch, James L. Peugh, and Jennie G. Noll. "A longitudinal study of several potential mediators of the relationship between child maltreatment and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 1 (January 21, 2014): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000916.

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AbstractChild maltreatment is a reliable predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, not all maltreated children develop PTSD symptoms, suggesting that additional mediating variables explain how certain maltreated children develop PTSD symptoms and others do not. The current study tested three potential mediators of the relationship between child maltreatment and subsequent PTSD symptoms: (a) respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity, (b) cortisol reactivity, and (c) experiential avoidance, or the unwillingness to experience painful private events, such as thoughts and memories. Maltreated (n = 51) and nonmaltreated groups (n = 59) completed a stressor paradigm, a measure of experiential avoidance, and a semistructured interview of PTSD symptoms. One year later, participants were readministered the PTSD symptoms interview. Results of a multiple mediator model showed the set of potential mediators mediated the relationship between child maltreatment and subsequent PTSD symptoms. However, experiential avoidance was the only significant, specific indirect effect, demonstrating that maltreated children avoiding painful private events after the abuse were more likely to develop a range of PTSD symptoms 1 year later. These results highlight the importance of experiential avoidance in the development of PTSD symptoms for maltreated children, and implications for secondary prevention and clinical intervention models are discussed.

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Hayes, Steven C., Kirk Strosahl, Kelly G. Wilson, Richard T. Bissett, Jacqueline Pistorello, Dosheen Toarmino, Melissa A. Polusny, et al. "Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model." Psychological Record 54, no. 4 (October 2004): 553–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395492.

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Ardalani Farsa, Faranak, Fatemeh Shahabizadeh, Masoud Hashemi, and Payman Dadkhah. "Presenting a model of pain outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain based on mood and anxiety symptoms and emotional schemas: The mediating role of experiential avoidance and self-compassion." Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 9, no. 5 (November 22, 2022): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/shenakht.9.5.40.

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Introduction: Various psychological factors, such as mood and anxiety symptoms, can affect pain outcomes. Aim: The present research was conducted to identify these factors aiming at providing a conceptual model of pain outcomes based on emotional schemas and symptoms mediated by experiential avoidance, pain acceptance, and self-compassion of patients with chronic pain. Method: In this descriptive correlational research, the statistical population consisted of men and women (aged 30-50) with chronic low back pain referring to pain clinics in Akhtar, Labafinejad, and Imam Hossein hospitals, Tehran, Iran, in 2019-2020. We selected 400 people using a convenience sampling method considering the inclusion criteria. The tools included the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ), Emotional Schemas-Short Form, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Data were analyzed with SPSS-21 and LISREL-8.8 using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The fitted model showed that the direct effect of mood and anxiety symptoms on increasing emotional schemas (p<0.05) was equal to 5, and the direct effect of emotional schemas was significant on increasing experiential avoidance, reducing pain acceptance and self-compassion (p<0.05). Also, the indirect effect of mood and anxiety symptoms through increasing emotional schemas, increasing experiential avoidance, decreasing pain acceptance, and self-compassion on increasing pain outcomes was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Experiential avoidance, pain acceptance, and self-compassion could mediate the relationship between emotional symptoms and emotional schemas to pain outcomes. Therefore, developing therapeutic interventions based on emotional schemas to reduce emotional schemas and experiential avoidance and increase pain acceptance and self-compassion could help reduce pain outcomes in patients with chronic pain.

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Thomas, Jacky T., and Blake Beecher. "What Doesn’t Kill You." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 4 (January 2, 2019): 1113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21589.

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The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and resilience in a sample (n=139) of Masters of Social Work (MSW) students. Perceived stress, religious faith, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness were also examined as correlates of resilience. Resilience scores for the MSW students were comparable to general population and college student norms, but ACEs and perceived stress scores were higher. Despite a broad literature supporting associations of high ACE scores with varied measures of physical and psychological problems, this study paradoxically showed a positive relationship between higher ACE scores and resilience. Regression analysis indicated a model including age, ACE scores, experiential avoidance, religious faith, and perceived stress explained 39.2% of the variance in resilience scores. Prior adverse childhood experiences and stronger religious faith are associated with increased resilience, while experiential avoidance and perceived stress are associated with lower resilience. This study provides further evidence that many students come to social work education with substantial trauma histories and experience considerable stress during their studies. Results suggest that social work educators should acknowledge risks associated with avoidant coping, and provide learning experiences aimed at developing students’ capacities for increased awareness and acceptance of challenging experiences—their own and others.

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Ferreira, C., A. L. Mendes, J. Marta-Simões, and I. A. Trindade. "Decentering and avoidance: Mechanisms between external shame and depression symptomatology." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.296.

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It is widely accepted that shame plays a significant role in the development and maintenance psychopathology, namely depressive symptoms. In fact, the experience of shame is highly associated with the adoption of maladaptive strategies to cope with negative feelings, such as experiential avoidance (i.e., the unavailability to accept one's private experiences), and the inability of decenter oneself from unwanted internal events. The present study aims to explore a mediation model that examines whether external shame's effect on depressive symptomatology is mediated through the mechanisms of decentering and experimental avoidance, while controlling for age. Participants were 358 adults of both genders from the general population that completed a battery of self-report scales measuring external shame, decentering, experimental avoidance and depression. The final model explained 33% of depression and revealed excellent model fit indices. Results showed that external shame has a direct effect on depressive symptomatology and simultaneously an indirect effect mediated by the mechanisms of decentering and experiential avoidance. These data seem to support the association between shame and depressive symptomatology. Nevertheless, these findings add to literature by suggesting that when the individual presents higher levels of shame he or she may present lower decentering abilities and tends to engage in experiential avoidance, which amplify the impact of external shame and depression. Furthermore, our findings seem to have important clinical implications, stressing the importance of developing intervention programs in the community that target shame and experimental avoidance and that promote adaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., decentering) to deal with adverse experiences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Trindade, I. A., C. Ferreira, and J. Pinto-Gouveia. "Chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance mediate the impact of IBD symptomatology on depression." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.297.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is group of chronic diseases that cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, urgent diarrhoea and fatigue, as well as associated complications (e.g., arthritis). Literature has pointed that IBD may cause depressive symptomatology, which seems to aggravate physical symptoms in a cycle of depression and inflammation. This study's aims to examine the mediator roles of chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance in the relationship between IBD symptomatology and depression, while controlling for associated medical complications. The sample comprised 161 adult IBD patients (52 males and 109 females), with a mean age of 36.73 (SD = 10.93), that completed validated measures. The hypothesised model was tested through path analyses. Results (see Fig. 1) showed that although IBD symptomatology presented a direct effect of .13 on depression, the majority of its impact was mediated through chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance with an indirect effect of 0.22. Indeed, IBD symptomatology seemed to lead to higher chronic illness-related shame, which presented a direct effect on depression of .15 and an indirect effect mediated by experiential avoidance of 0.37. This model presented excellent goodness-of-fit indices. These findings suggest that targeting shame and experiential avoidance in IBD patients would have beneficial outcomes for patients’ well-being. It thus seems that compassion and acceptance-based psychotherapies should be included in treatment programs for IBD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Akbari, Mehdi, and Hamid Khanipour. "The transdiagnostic model of worry: The mediating role of experiential avoidance." Personality and Individual Differences 135 (December 2018): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.011.

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Chapman, Alexander L., Kim L. Gratz, and Milton Z. Brown. "Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model." Behaviour Research and Therapy 44, no. 3 (March 2006): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.005.

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Trindade, I. A., C. Ferreira, and J. Pinto-Gouveia. "The Longitudinal Effects of Experiential Avoidance on Depression Symptoms in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.254.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been vastly associated with the development of depression and it is thus considered that the mechanisms that underlie this link should be explored. The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of IBD symptoms and a maladaptive emotion regulation process, experiential avoidance (defined as the tendency to attempt to control internal experiences), on depression symptoms. The sample comprised 116 IBD patients of both sexes that completed validated self-report measures on an online platform in three different times (equally spaced 9 months apart) during an 18-month period. Results demonstrated that IBD symptomatology at baseline was linked to experiential avoidance and depressed mood 9 and 18 months later. The level of experiential avoidance at baseline was also correlated with the subsequent experience of depression symptoms, 9 and 18 months later. Results also revealed that, although IBD symptomatology at baseline predicted depressive symptomatology 18 months later (β = 0.24; P = 0.008), when experiential avoidance at baseline was added to this model, this process became the only predictor of the outcome (β = 0.60; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.41). These results corroborate previous literature by indicating that IBD symptomatology may lead to depression symptomatology. Nevertheless, the current study additionally revealed that the engagement in experiential avoidance – that is, in attempts at controlling the frequency, form or intensity of internal experiences – might have a greater role on the determination of patients’ depressed mood than the experience of adverse physical symptomatology. Maladaptive forms of emotion regulation in IBD patients should be targeted to prevent depression symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Khaleghian, Arezoo, Ilnaz Sajjadian, Maryam Fatehizade, and Gholamreza Manshaei. "The Mediating Role of Impulsivity and Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship between Emotion Regulation and Pornography Viewing in Married Men." Practice in Clinical Psychology 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.8.4.645.1.

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Objective: The present study aimed to predict the tendency to Internet Pornography Viewing (IPV) in married men based on difficulty in Emotion Regulation (ER) with the mediating role of impulsivity and experiential avoidance. Methods: The study participants were recruited via advertising banners posted on some of the most popular social networking applications in Iran. A total sample of 123 married men in Isfahan City, Iran, participated in the study. The study participants completed the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ), the Short-form version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-SF), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15) through the internet. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics (Mean±SD) and correlation tests. For analyzing the study model, the PLS-SEM technique was performed in WarpPLS. Results: The current research results indicated that difficulties in ER provided a positive direct effect on the tendency to IPV (β=0.37, P<0.01). The results also revealed that impulsivity (β=0.64, P<0.01) and experiential avoidance (β=0.71, P<0.01) played mediating roles between difficulties in ER and the tendency to IPV. The model presented a good fit with the data (AVIF=2.88, GOF=0.63, SPR=1, RSCR=1, SSR=1, NLBCDR=1). Conclusion: Difficulties in ER, impulsivity, and experiential avoidance play important roles in the tendency to IPV. Impulsivity and experiential avoidance, as two modes of ER, can mediate the relationship between difficulties in ER and the tendency to IPV; therefore, they should be taken into consideration in this regard.

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Robinson, Michael D., and Roberta L. Irvin. "Seeking Protection, Finding Despair: Closed Preferences as a Model of Neuroticism-Linked Distress." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 41, no. 3 (June 2022): 264–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.264.

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Introduction: Image schemas are perceptual-motor simulations of the world that are likely to have broad importance in understanding models of the self and its regulatory operations. Methods: Seven samples of participants (total N = 1,011) rated their preferences for unspecified entities being “open” or “closed” and scores along this dimension were linked to variations in personality, emotion, and psychopathology. Results: Individuals endorsing closed preferences to a greater extent were prone to neuroticism (Study 1), experiential avoidance (Study 2), negative affect in daily life (Study 3), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Study 4). Discussion: Although closed preferences are likely to be endorsed for protective reasons (inasmuch as the contents of closed objects are better protected), such preferences are linked to higher, rather than lower, levels of neuroticism and distress. The findings offer new evidence for theories of neuroticism and psychopathology that emphasize operations related to defensive motivation and experiential avoidance.

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Hulbert, Carol, and Rosemary Thomas. "Predicting Self-Injury in BPD: An Investigation of the Experiential Avoidance Model." Journal of Personality Disorders 24, no. 5 (October 2010): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2010.24.5.651.

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Giorgio, Jeannette M., Jacqueline Sanflippo, Evan Kleiman, Dan Reilly, Rachel E. Bender, Clara A. Wagner, Richard T. Liu, and Lauren B. Alloy. "An experiential avoidance conceptualization of depressive rumination: Three tests of the model." Behaviour Research and Therapy 48, no. 10 (October 2010): 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.004.

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Ferreira, C., A. L. Mendes, and J. Marta-Simões. "The Role of Maladaptive Psychological Strategies in the Association between Shame and Psychological Quality of Life." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.270.

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Shame experiences have been highly associated with the engagement in maladaptive strategies (such as experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion) to cope with unwanted thoughts and feelings. Furthermore, these maladaptive processes have been linked to different psychopathological conditions.The current study aimed to test the mediational effect of two different emotional regulation processes, cognitive fusion (i.e., the entanglement with unwanted inner events) and experiential avoidance (i.e., the unwillingness to be in contact with these inner experiences and the tendency to avoid and control them), on the association between external shame and psychological quality of life.Participants were 421 (131 males and 290 females), aged between 18 and 34 years old.The tested path model explained 40% of the variance of psychological quality of life and showed excellent model fit indices. Results demonstrated that external shame presented a significant direct effect on psychological quality of life and, in turn, an indirect effect, through the mechanisms of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. In fact, these findings seem to suggest that higher levels of external shame are linked to a higher tendency to engage in cognitive fusion and to lower acceptance abilities, which appear to explain decreased levels of psychological quality of life.The present findings seem to offer significant clinical implications, emphasizing the importance of targeting maladaptive emotion strategies through the development of acceptance and decentering abilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Xiong, Jie, Can He, and Hua Wei. "Negative School Gossip and Youth Adolescents’ Mobile Phone Addiction: Mediating Roles of Anxiety and Experiential Avoidance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021444.

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Being the target of negative school gossip, a form of relational aggression, has been shown to be associated with psychological and behavioral problems in youth adolescents. Based on the experience avoidance model, this study tested the association between negative school gossip and youth adolescents’ mobile phone addiction, and the serial mediation roles of anxiety and experience avoidance in this relationship. Junior high school students (N = 837; ages 12–15; 50% girls) completed the Negative School Gossip Scale, Anxiety Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale in their classrooms. The results of regression-based analyses showed that after controlling for age and gender, (1) negative school gossip was significantly associated with mobile phone addiction; (2) anxiety and experience avoidance each significantly mediated this association; (3) anxiety and experience avoidance serially mediated this association. The results support the experience avoidance model and highlight emotional factors as an internal mechanism by which negative school gossip is associated with youth adolescents’ mobile phone addiction. The results also have implications for preventing and reducing youth adolescents’ mobile phone addiction.

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Trindade, Inês A., Cláudia Ferreira, and José Pinto-Gouveia. "Inflammatory bowel disease: The harmful mechanism of experiential avoidance for patients’ quality of life." Journal of Health Psychology 21, no. 12 (July 10, 2016): 2882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105315587142.

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This study aimed to test the effects of inflammatory bowel disease symptomatology and associated medical complications on physical and psychological quality of life and to explore whether these relationships are mediated by experiential avoidance. A total of 200 inflammatory bowel disease patients reported demographic and medical data and completed self-report instruments. Results revealed that the tested model presented an excellent fit, explaining 51 per cent of physical quality of life and 53 per cent of psychological quality of life. Inflammatory bowel disease–associated complications directly impacted on physical quality of life, and experiential avoidance significantly mediated the relationships between inflammatory bowel disease symptomatology and physical and psychological quality of life. These results highlight the importance of implementing psychological interventions for inflammatory bowel disease patients.

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Berghoff, Christopher R., Andrew M. Pomerantz, Jonathan C. Pettibone, Daniel J. Segrist, and David R. Bedwell. "The Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance and Impulsiveness in a Nonclinical Sample." Behaviour Change 29, no. 1 (March 2012): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2012.6.

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Experiential avoidance (EA) has been connected to various behavioural indicators of psychological distress, implicated in the etiology and maintenance of psychological disorders, and is the target of prevalent psychological treatments. However, the reasons that individuals engage in dysfunctional EA are little understood. One hypothesis focuses on the preference for small, immediate rewards above larger, delayed rewards — in other words, impulsiveness. We examined the relationship of impulsiveness, measured both by self-report and behaviourally, to EA, while statistically controlling for possible confounding variables (i.e., intellectual functioning, gender, ethnicity), in a sample of normal undergraduate participants. Regression analyses suggest a significant relationship exists between EA and self-reported (but not behaviourally measured) impulsiveness. Exploratory analyses indicate nonplanning-type impulsiveness might be the best predictor of EA. Possible confounding variables did not account for a significant amount of variance within either model examined. Thus, support is provided for a theoretically proposed relationship within the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy model of psychopathology between EA and impulsiveness.

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Den Ouden, Lauren, Jeggan Tiego, Rico S. C. Lee, Lucy Albertella, Lisa-Marie Greenwood, Leonardo Fontenelle, Murat Yücel, and Rebecca Segrave. "The role of Experiential Avoidance in transdiagnostic compulsive behavior: A structural model analysis." Addictive Behaviors 108 (September 2020): 106464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106464.

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Carvalho, T., A. Sousa-Mendes, C. Gomes, and C. Guedes. "Understanding stress in patients with multiple sclerosis: The joint predictive role of disease characteristics and emotion regulation processes." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S464—S465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1241.

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IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. This condition is enhanced by stress. In turn, stress symptoms are a risk factor for the onset and progression of MS. However, knowledge about predictors of stress in patients with MS is scarce.ObjectivesThis preliminary study aimed to verify whether the number of relapses, fatigue, physical disability (MS characteristics), experiential avoidance and self-judgment (emotion regulation processes) predict stress symptoms in patients diagnosed with MS.MethodsA convenience sample of 101 patients diagnosed with MS and without other neurological diseases participated in this study. Participants completed the Depression Scale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21, Analog Fatigue Scale, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-12, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and Self-Judgment Subscale of the Self-Compassion Scale.ResultsAll predictors initially hypothesized and years of education have significant correlations with stress symptoms. Simple linear regression analyses showed that the variables significantly predicted stress symptoms and were, therefore, included in the multiple linear regression model. This model explained 51.8% of the variance of the stress symptoms and showed that years of education, the number of relapses, fatigue, and experiential avoidance significantly predicted those symptoms.ConclusionsThe promotion of mental health mental in patients with MS must develop functional skills to deal with stress induced by years of education (possibly responsible for the degree of awareness about MS and its consequences), recurrence of relapses and fatigue, and should minimize emotion regulation strategies focused on experiential avoidance.

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Quickert, Rachael E., and Tara K. MacDonald. "Being in the Moment So You Can Keep Moving Forward: Mindfulness and Rumination Mediate the Relationship between Attachment Orientations and Negative Conflict Styles." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 6472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186472.

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Attachment insecurity has been associated with negative behaviors during conflict and decreased relationship satisfaction. We theorize that individuals high in attachment anxiety and/or avoidance are less mindful during conflict with their romantic partners, and thus more likely to ruminate. Decreased mindfulness and higher levels of rumination may be important mechanisms in the relationship between attachment insecurity and conflict behavior, as it may be more difficult to engage in constructive problem-solving skills when one is distracted from the present moment. We conducted an online survey assessing 360 participants’ attachment orientations, levels of mindfulness and rumination, behavior during conflict, and experience with mindfulness activities. Using a serial mediation model, we found that mindfulness and rumination mediated the relationship between attachment insecurity and negative conflict behaviors. We further discovered that individuals high in attachment insecurity were more likely to report negative experiences with mindfulness activities (i.e., meditation and yoga), and that this relationship was mediated by higher levels of experiential avoidance, or a fear of engaging with one’s own thoughts and feelings. We discuss the importance of increasing mindfulness and decreasing both rumination and experiential avoidance to assist individuals high in attachment insecurity in navigating relationship conflict using more constructive and relationship-promoting strategies.

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Lahar, Kari I., Shaunt A. Markarian, and Scott M. Pickett. "0919 A Moderated Mediation Model of Experiential Avoidance, Specific Social Fears, Sleep Quality, and Sex." Sleep 42, Supplement_1 (April 2019): A369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz067.917.

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Fernández-Fernández, Virginia, Andrés Losada-Baltar, María Márquez-González, Teresa Paniagua-Granados, Carlos Vara-García, and Octavio Luque-Reca. "Emotion regulation processes as mediators of the impact of past life events on older adults’ psychological distress." International Psychogeriatrics 32, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219002084.

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ABSTRACTObjective:Although it is known that certain emotion regulation processes produce a buffering effect on the relationship between life events and well-being, this issue has been poorly studied in the elderly population. Thus, the aim of the present study is to test and confirm a comprehensive model of the impact that past life events have on older adults’ psychological distress, exploring the possible mediating roles of emotion regulation processes. These include rumination, experiential avoidance, and personal growth.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 387 people over 60 years old residing in the community were assessed on life events, physical functioning, emotion regulation variables, psychological well-being, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression.Results:The structural model tested achieved a satisfactory fit to the data, explaining 73% of the variance of older adults’ psychological distress. In addition, the main results suggest possible mediation effects of both the physical functioning and the emotional variables: rumination, experiential avoidance, and personal growth in the face of hardship.Conclusions:These findings confirm the importance of emotion regulation processes in the final stages of life. They reveal the various adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms that underlie the relationship between life events and psychological distress. The findings suggest – both in the explanatory models of psychological well-being and in psychotherapeutic interventions – the importance of emotion regulation in the elderly population’s health.

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Broman-Fulks, Joshua J., John J. Bergquist, Christian A. Hall, Kelsey Thomas, and Kerry C. Kelso. "Incremental Validity of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Mechanisms for Anxiety and Panic Symptomology." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00056.

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Background:acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are empirically supported treatments for anxiety and panic disorder (PD), though they differ in their putative vulnerability and maintenance processes. The present study examined the incremental validity of several of these models’ proposed core processes, including anxiety sensitivity (AS), dispositional avoidance, experiential avoidance (EA), cognitive fusion (CF), and mindfulness, as well as the interaction of the processes within each model, in the prediction of anxiety and panic symptomology.Methods:a sample of US adults (n= 316) completed self-report measures of AS, dispositional avoidance, EA, CF, mindfulness, anxiety, and PD symptoms. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted.Results:hierarchical regression analyses indicated that AS, dispositional avoidance, and EA predicted anxiety and panic symptoms even after controlling for one another, CF, mindfulness, and demographic variables. Although mindfulness and CF was correlated with anxiety and panic at the univariate level, they did not predict either outcome above and beyond AS, dispositional avoidance, and EA. When interaction terms were added to the models, the interaction between AS and dispositional avoidance was a significant predictor of panic and anxiety symptoms, whereas the interaction between EA and CF only predicted panic symptoms. None of the interactions that included mindfulness were significant predictors.Conclusions:these findings provide support the independent and interactive predictive value of traditional CBT (AS, dispositional avoidance, and AS-dispositional avoidance) and ACT (EA) processes for anxiety and panic symptoms, but raise questions about the incremental predictive utility of CF and mindfulness.

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Аврамчук, Олександр. "The role of the influence of social avoidance and distancing on the predisposition to anxiety disorders during the covid-19 pandemic." Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice 6, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): e0604338. http://dx.doi.org/10.26766/pmgp.v6i4.338.

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Background Quarantine restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have become an important trigger for psycho-emotional distress and the manifestation of vulnerability to mental health problems. Physical ("social") distancing, aimed at preventing the spread of COVID-19, has allowed people with a history of common mental health problems (such as depression, generalized anxiety disorder, or social phobia) to receive some short-term relief by giving rational justification for the maladaptive strategies of behavioral or cognitive avoidance of trigger situations or life circumstances. However, it is assumed that the avoidance of social interaction or situations may contribute to the masking of persistent functional disorders associated with the level of social anxiety in particular. At the same time, the denial of one's own needs and the uncertainty of the future in the context of pandemics and quarantine restrictions will affect vulnerability to anxiety disorders, which may increase after quarantine restrictions and the need to return to everyday life. Analysis of the role of social avoidance and distancing during the pandemic will expand the understanding of the mechanisms of vulnerability to psychosocial dysfunction for anxiety disorders. The results can help develop recommendations for self-help and psycho-correctional programs aimed at psychoeducation and prevention of common mental health problems. Objective Investigate the features of psycho-emotional discomfort associated with avoiding experience as a factor in vulnerability to anxiety disorders in a pandemic setting. Materials and methods The study group included 242 individuals who complained of significant psycho-emotional distress related to social restrictions due to quarantine conditions and/or avoidance of social contacts due to anxiety (including anxiety before negative evaluation and condemnation, health concerns, uncertainty, etc.). Age distribution from 18 to 35 years (M = 24.3; SD = 4.93), mostly female - 66.94% (n = 162). The main sample was 126 subjects, and 116 people formed a control. Diagnostic interviews with The MINI: International Neuropsychiatric Interview, self-questionnaires, and scales from complex IAPT and SCL-90-R were used to study the pathopsychological symptoms, were conducted as part of the screening of the mental state. AAQ-II self-questionnaire was assessed for experiential avoidance. Results We studied the relationship between strategies for coping with distress by experiential avoiding under quarantine restrictions and psycho-emotional discomfort in current life situations and vulnerability to anxiety disorders during interviews. The study found that quarantine restrictions can be seen as a factor in general vulnerability to the anxiety response. At the same time, avoidance of the corrective experience under quarantine restrictions increases the manifestation or risk of recurrence of more specific anxiety disorders. Considering experiential avoidance (as inflexible use of maladaptive strategies to regulate emotions and somatic sensations) associated with uncertainty and the duration of social restrictions significantly contributes to pathogenetic cycles of anxiety disorders. Additional vulnerabilities in the combined regression model were male gender, age-range 24-35 years, and the presence of one or more common mental disorders in anamnesis. The results are consistent with the indirect relationship between experiential avoidance, symptomatic distress, and daily and work activities. The obtained results have the prospect of further developments, particularly in developing recommendations for psychosocial support and prevention of common anxiety disorders in the context of global change.

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Robinson, Susan, and Max Birchwood. "The Relationship Between Catastrophic Cognitions and the Components of Panic Disorder." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 5, no. 3 (January 1991): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.5.3.175.

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Cognitive models of panic postulate that panic attacks arise from the catastrophic misinterpretation of somatic symptoms. Hitherto, research has concentrated on the link between cognitions and the somatic sensations experienced during panic attacks; little attention has been directed towards the relationship between cognitions and other critical components of Panic Disorder (e.g., avoidance behavior). Fifty-eight patients presenting with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (DSM-III-R) rated their degree of belief in nine “core” catastrophic cognitions and completed self-report measures of the critical symptoms of Panic Disorder. Results demonstrated a link between cognitions of physical catastrophe and somatic symptoms. Additionally, strong links were detected between the cognitions of losing control and “experiential” symptoms, between the cognition of insanity and depressive symptoms, and between the cognition of social embarrassment and avoidance behavior. Implications for the cognitive model and treatment of Panic Disorder are discussed.

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Borgogna, Nicholas C., and Ryon C. McDermott. "The Role of Gender, Experiential Avoidance, and Scrupulosity in Problematic Pornography Viewing: A Moderated-Mediation Model*." Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 25, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 319–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2018.1503123.

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Anderson, Nicholas L., and Janis H. Crowther. "Using the Experiential Avoidance Model of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Understanding Who Stops and Who Continues." Archives of Suicide Research 16, no. 2 (April 2012): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2012.667329.

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Newman, Michelle G., and Sandra J. Llera. "A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: A review and synthesis of research supporting a contrast avoidance model of worry." Clinical Psychology Review 31, no. 3 (April 2011): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.008.

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Serrano-Ibáñez, Elena R., Gema T. Ruiz-Párraga, Lidia Gómez-Pérez, Carmen Ramírez-Maestre, Rosa Esteve, and Alicia E. López-Martínez. "The Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: A Moderated Mediation Model Involving Dissociation, Guilt, and Gender." Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 22, no. 3 (January 16, 2021): 304–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1869647.

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Ruiz, Francisco J., Paula Odriozola-González, Juan C. Suárez-Falcón, and Miguel A. Segura-Vargas. "Psychometric properties of the Valuing Questionnaire in a Spaniard sample and factorial equivalence with a Colombian sample." PeerJ 10 (January 6, 2022): e12670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12670.

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Background The Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) is considered as one of the most psychometrically robust instruments to measure valued living according to the acceptance and commitment therapy model. It consists of 10 items that are responded to on a 7-point Likert-type scale and has two factors: Progression and Obstruction. The Spanish version of the VQ showed good psychometric properties in Colombian samples. However, there is no evidence of the psychometric properties of the VQ in Spaniard samples. This study aims to analyze the validity of the VQ in a large Spaniard sample and analyze the measurement invariance with a similar Colombian sample. Method The VQ was administered to a Spaniard sample of 846 adult participants from general online population. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were computed to analyze the internal consistency of the VQ. The fit of the VQ’s two-factor model was tested through a confirmatory factor analysis with a robust maximum likelihood (MLR) estimation method. Afterward, we analyzed the measurement invariance across countries and gender. Convergent construct validity was analyzed with a package of questionnaires that evaluated experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, AAQ-II), emotional symptoms (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, DASS-21), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, CFQ). Results The internal consistency across samples was adequate (alphas and omegas were .85 for VQ-Progress and .84 for VQ-Obstruction). The two-factor model obtained a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.073, 90% CI [0.063, 0.083], CFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.97, and SRMR = 0.053). The VQ showed strict invariance across countries and gender and showed theoretically coherent correlations with emotional symptoms, life satisfaction, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the VQ demonstrated good psychometric properties in a large Spaniard sample.

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Rusk, Reuben D. "An Adaptive Motivation Approach to Understanding the ‘How’ and ‘Why’ of Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 12784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912784.

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A new model provides insight into the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of wellbeing to better understand the ‘what’. Informed by evolutionary psychology and neuroscience, it proposes that systems for adaptive motivation underpin experiential and reflective wellbeing. The model proposes that the brain learns to predict situations, and errors arise between the predictions and experience. These prediction errors drive emotional experience, learning, motivation, decision-making, and the formation of wellbeing-relevant memories. The model differentiates four layers of wellbeing: objective, experiential, reflective, and narrative, which relate to the model in different ways. Constituents of wellbeing, human motives, and specific emotions integrate into the model. A simple computational implementation of the model reproduced several established wellbeing phenomena, including: the greater frequency of pleasant to unpleasant emotions, the stronger emotional salience of unpleasant emotions, hedonic adaptation to changes in circumstances, heritable influences on wellbeing, and affective forecasting errors. It highlights the importance of individual differences, and implies that high wellbeing will correlate with the experience of infrequent, routine, and predictable avoidance cues and frequent, varied, and novel approach cues. The model suggests that wellbeing arises directly from a system for adaptive motivation. This system functions like a mental dashboard that calls attention to situational changes and motivates the kinds of behaviours that gave humans a relative advantage in their ancestral environment. The model offers a set of fundamental principles and processes that may underlie diverse conceptualisations of wellbeing.

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Kroska, Emily B. "A meta-analysis of fear-avoidance and pain intensity: The paradox of chronic pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 13, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.06.011.

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AbstractBackgroundThe fear-avoidance model of chronic pain has established avoidance as a predictor of negative outcomes in chronic pain patients. Avoidance, or deliberate attempts to suppress or prevent unwanted experiences (e.g., pain), has been studied extensively, with multiple reviews implicating this behavior as a predictor of disability, physical disuse, and depression. Despite hundreds of studies examining the associations between different components of this model (i.e., catastrophizing, fear, avoidance, depression), the association between fear-avoidance and pain intensity has remained unclear. The present study seeks to clarify this association across samples.MethodThe present analyses synthesize the literature (articles from PsycInfo, PubMed, and ProQuest) to determine if fear-avoidance and pain intensity are consistently correlated across studies, samples, and measures. Eligible studies measured pain intensity and fear-avoidance cross-sectionally in chronic pain patients. The search resulted in 118 studies eligible for inclusion. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean effect size. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for all analyses. Moderation analyses elucidate the variables that affect the strength of this association. Meta-regression and meta-ANOVA analyses were conducted to examine moderating variables. Moderator variables include demographic characteristics, pain characteristics, study characteristics, and national cultural characteristics (using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions). Publication bias was examined using the funnel plot and the p-curve.ResultsResults indicate a small-to-moderate positive association between fear-avoidance and pain intensity. The results were stable across characteristics of the sample, including mean age, gender distribution, marital status, and duration of pain. Moderation analyses indicate that the measures utilized and cultural differences affect the strength of this association. Weaker effect sizes were observed for studies that utilized measures of experiential avoidance when compared to studies that utilized pain-specific fear-avoidance measures. Studies that utilized multiple measures of fear-avoidance had stronger effect sizes than studies that utilized a single measure of fear-avoidance. Three of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions moderated the association, including Power Distance Index, Individualism versus Collectivism, and Indulgence versus Restraint.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis synthesizes the results from studies examining the association between fear-avoidance and pain intensity among individuals with chronic pain. The positive association indicates that those with increased fear-avoidance have higher pain intensity, and those with higher pain intensity have increased fear-avoidance. Findings indicate that cultural differences and measurement instruments are important to consider in understanding the variables that affect this association. The significant cultural variations may indicate that it is important to consider the function of avoidance behavior in different cultures in an effort to better understand each patient’s cultural beliefs, as well as how these beliefs are related to pain and associated coping strategies.ImplicationsThe results from the current meta-analysis can be used to inform interventions for patients with chronic pain. In particular, those with more intense pain or increased fear-avoidance should be targeted for prevention and intervention work. Within the intervention itself, avoidance should be undermined and established as an ineffective strategy to manage pain in an effort to prevent disability, depression, and physical deconditioning.

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Schaeuffele, Carmen, Jonathan Bär, Inken Buengener, Raphaela Grafiadeli, Eva Heuthaler, Judith Strieder, Patricia Ziehn, Christine Knaevelsrud, Babette Renneberg, and Johanna Boettcher. "Transdiagnostic Processes as Mediators of Change in an Internet-Delivered Intervention Based on the Unified Protocol." Cognitive Therapy and Research 46, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10272-y.

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Abstract Background Transdiagnostic treatments target shared mechanisms between disorders to facilitate change across diagnoses. The Unified Protocol (UP) aims at changing dysfunctional reactions towards emotions by increasing mindful emotion awareness and cognitive flexibility, as well as decreasing anxiety sensitivity and emotion avoidance. Method We investigated whether these transdiagnostic processes were malleable by treatment and mediated the relationship between treatment and outcome in an internet-delivered adaptation of the UP. N = 129 participants with mixed anxiety, depressive, and somatic symptom disorders were randomized to treatment or waitlist. Results The treatment yielded significant changes in all transdiagnostic processes over time in comparison to a waitlist condition. In separate mediator models, significant mediating effects were found for mindfulness, cognitive flexibility, behavioral activation, and experiential avoidance. When all mediators were combined in a multiple mediator model, the indirect effects through mindfulness and cognitive flexibility emerged as significant. Conclusion These findings add to the growing body of research on transdiagnostic processes as mediators of change and emphasize mindfulness and cognitive flexibility as a transdiagnostic treatment target. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously, as temporal precedence could not be established.

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Vigoda Gonzales, Nicole. "The Merits of Integrating Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy and Cultural Competence Strategies in the Treatment of Relational Trauma: The Case of "Rosa"." Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy 14, no. 1 (September 13, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/pcsp.v14i1.2032.

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The psychological sequelae of prolonged and repeated exposure to relational trauma can manifest into a challenging clinical picture typically known as Complex PTSD. Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP) is a multimodal and integrative model particularly designed to address attachment disturbances and extreme forms of affective avoidance and dysregulation commonly seen in survivors of relational trauma. Conducting this treatment in a language that is not the patient’s native tongue may interfere with emotional processing, a key component of AEDP. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aims to examine the benefits of experiential and attachment-based models for the treatment of "Rosa," a bilingual woman and survivor of relational trauma, who presented to treatment with depressive and Complex PTSD-like symptom. Second, the study explores whether actively incorporating Rosa’s bilingualism and ethnic identity into the treatment enhanced her capacity for emotional processing and other related aspects of AEDP. This exploration constitutes an ideal avenue for documenting the clinical challenges one may encounter in doing psychotherapy with bilingual trauma survivors. For in this type of therapy, the affective processing of traumatic memories can be lost in translation. This requires the creation of an individualized treatment plan that can address these barriers, amplifying the emergence of relational safety and ultimately facilitating the patient’s new experience of core state (Fosha & Yeung, 2006), an integrated state of clarity, ease, and self-compassion.

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김경희 and Heekyung Lee. "The Effect of Positive Emotion on Interpersonal Competence: The Exploration of path model among Experiential Avoidance, Self-Compassion, and Cognitive Empathy." Korea Journal of Counseling 16, no. 6 (December 2015): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15703/kjc.16.6.201512.83.

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Della Longa, Nicole M., and Kyle P. De Young. "Experiential avoidance, eating expectancies, and binge eating: A preliminary test of an adaption of the Acquired Preparedness model of eating disorder risk." Appetite 120 (January 2018): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.022.

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Militello, Laura G., Eli Wagner, Jennifer Winner, Christen Sushereba, and Jessica McCool. "Error recovery training literature review: Implications for emergency field medicine." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651073.

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Training focused on recognizing when a medical procedure has not been implemented effectively may reduce preventable battlefield deaths. Although important research has been conducted about a range of error recovery training strategies, few studies have been conducted in the context of training for high stakes, dynamic domains such as combat medic training. We conducted a literature review to examine how error recovery training has been designed in other contexts, with the intent of abstracting recommendations for designing error recovery training to support military personnel providing emergency field medicine. Implications for combat medic training include: 1) a focus on error management rather than error avoidance, 2) a didactic training component may support training engagement and mental model development, 3) an experiential component may be designed to support perceptual skill development and anomaly detection, and 4) feedback should focus on allowing learners to make errors and encouraging them to learn from errors.

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Kaufman, Scott Barry, Brandon Weiss, Joshua D. Miller, and W. Keith Campbell. "Clinical Correlates of Vulnerable and Grandiose Narcissism: A Personality Perspective." Journal of Personality Disorders 34, no. 1 (February 2020): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_384.

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There is broad consensus that there are at least two different dimensions of narcissism: vulnerable and grandiose. In this study, the authors use a new trifurcated, three-factor model of narcissism to examine relations between aspects of narcissism and an array of clinically relevant criteria related to psychopathology, the self, authenticity, and well-being. Neurotic and antagonistic aspects of narcissism emerged as the most clinically relevant dimensions of narcissism, bearing relations with outcomes relating to interpersonal guilt, insecure attachment styles, cognitive distortions, maladaptive defense mechanisms, experiential avoidance, impostor syndrome, weak sense of self, inauthenticity, low self-esteem, and reduced psychological well-being. Grandiose narcissism was not correlated with most forms of psychopathology and was even positively associated with life satisfaction. Nevertheless, a surprising link was found between grandiose narcissism and multiple indicators of inauthenticity. Implications for the appropriate conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of pathological narcissism are discussed.

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Prigerson, Holly. "PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO IMPENDING AND PAST LOSS OF A LOVED ONE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.245.

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Abstract Psychological responses to an impending or recent death have received minimal attention in the research literature. I will present data to demonstrate the high levels of psychological distress (e.g. symptoms of peritraumatic stress, anxiety, depression and grief) reported by caregivers of a loved one with a life-threatening illness. I will report on studies that have examined how grief symptoms change over time, or not, as in the case of symptoms of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) – a new addition to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -5-Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). A case will then be made for addressing psychological struggles of caregivers of patients who are dying in the intensive care unit (ICU). I will then present a conceptual model and manual of our psychosocial intervention (EMPOWER), which we designed to reduce symptoms of PGD and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by targeting symptoms of experiential avoidance and promoting adaptive coping.

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Toro, Ronald, Juan García-García, and Flor Zaldívar-Basurto. "Antisocial Disorders in Adolescence and Youth, According to Structural, Emotional, and Cognitive Transdiagnostic Variables: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093036.

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Transdiagnostic causal variables have been identified that have allowed understanding the origin and maintenance of psychopathologies in parsimonious explanatory models of antisocial disorders. However, it is necessary to systematize the information published in the last decade. The aim of the study was to identify through a systematic review, the structural, emotional and cognitive transdiagnostic variables in antisocial disorders of adolescence and youth. Recommendations for systematic reviews and meta-extraction and analysis of information according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), the Cochrane Collaboration and Campbell were followed. We found 19 articles from 110 reviewed documents. The results indicated that at a structural level there is a general psychopathological factor (psychopathy or externalizing), non-emotional callousness and impulsivity from behavioral inhibition and activation systems, and negative affect traits as base structures. In the emotional level, the study found a risk component from emotional dysregulation and experiential avoidance. In the cognitive level, a key role of anger-rumination and violent ideation as explanatory variables of antisocial disorders. We concluded that the interaction of these identified variables makes it possible to generate an evidence-based transdiagnostic model.

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Ellis, Mark A., Katherine R. Sterba, Terry A. Day, Courtney H. Marsh, Stacy Maurer, Elizabeth G. Hill, and Evan M. Graboyes. "Body Image Disturbance in Surgically Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Patient-Centered Approach." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819837621.

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ObjectiveTo promote patient-centered oncology care through an in-depth analysis of the patient experience of body image disturbance (BID) following surgery for head and neck cancer (HNC).Study DesignQualitative methods approach using semistructured key informant interviews.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsParticipants with surgically treated HNC underwent semistructured key informant interviews and completed a sociodemographic survey. Recorded interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using template analysis to inform creation of a conceptual model.ResultsTwenty-two participants with surgically treated HNC were included, of whom 16 had advanced stage disease and 15 underwent free tissue transfer. Five key themes emerged characterizing the participants’ lived experiences with BID following HNC treatment: personal dissatisfaction with appearance, other-oriented appearance concerns, appearance concealment, distress with functional impairments, and social avoidance. The participant’s perceived BID severity was modified by preoperative patient expectations, social support, and positive rational acceptance. These 5 key themes and 3 experiential modifiers form the basis of a novel, patient-centered conceptual model for understanding BID in HNC survivors.ConclusionA patient-centered approach to HNC care reveals that dissatisfaction with appearance, other-oriented appearance concerns, appearance concealment, distress with functional impairments, and social avoidance are key conceptual domains characterizing HNC-related BID. Recognition of these psychosocial dimensions of BID in HNC patients can inform development of HNC-specific BID patient-reported outcome measures to facilitate quantitative assessment of BID as well as the development of novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for those at risk for, or suffering from, BID.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Experiential Avoidance Model'

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