Academic literature on the topic 'Experience without sight'
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Journal articles on the topic "Experience without sight"
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Osman, Robert, and Lucie Pospíšilová. "Experience without Sight: The Opportunity for Reflection of Normative Space." Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/12130028.2016.17.1.256.
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Oltean, Roxana. "'Language ... Without Metaphor'." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v1i2.123.
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Henry David Thoreau has been celebrated for his observation of the natural world. While noting Thoreau's skills of observation in relation to the natural world and his responsiveness to sensory experience, scholars have, however, tended to privilege sight over sound. Even though Thoreau was recognized by musicians such as Charles Ives and John Cage for having an exceptionally fine ear for the symphonies of nature, sound still remains a neglected aspect of Thoreau's Walden; Or, Life in the Woods. This article is a corrective to this status quo, as it reads Walden as a transmedial project in which Thoreau frequently tuned in to the sounds encountered during his sojourn in nature in order to figure the essential parameters of his experiment and to relate to the entire world of experience. The complex soundscape of Walden engenders a multifaceted awareness of modern space, as sounds of nature, sounds of progress, and the clamor of people intersect. Accordingly, this article explores how Thoreau uses a vast array of sounds to relate to the world; how he apprehended, and even appreciated, not only the harmonies of nature, but also dissonance—within nature, as well as between nature, modernity and rurality. In doing so, this article proposes a reading of Thoreau's auditory experience as a reflection on, and negotiation with, a multifaceted world where the pastoral and the industrial coexist.
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Henry, Michele L. "The Effect of Pitch and Rhythm Difficulty on Vocal Sight-Reading Performance." Journal of Research in Music Education 59, no. 1 (February 7, 2011): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429410397199.
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Singing music at sight is a complex skill, requiring the singer to perform pitch and rhythm simultaneously. Previous research has identified difficulty levels for pitch and rhythm skills individually but not in combination. In this study, the author sought to determine the relationship between pitch and rhythm tasks occurring concurrently. High school singers ( N = 252) sang melodies with varying combinations of pitch and rhythm difficulty. Results indicate that pitch and rhythm skills retained their relative difficulty levels, regardless of the presence of other factors. Rhythmic success was significantly related to pitch success. Rhythm accuracy without pitch success occurred least frequently. Pitch accuracy without rhythm success occurred most frequently. Singers appeared to give priority to pitch over rhythm, performing pitch correctly at the expense of rhythmic accuracy. Singers with instrument/piano experience and singers with piano experience only scored significantly higher than did those with no instrument/piano training ( p < .05). Those with instrument and/or piano experience were more proficient at performing pitch and rhythm together than those without such experience. Implications for teachers include the necessity of emphasizing rhythmic continuity. Future research should explore the pitch and rhythm reading capabilities for instrumentalists, and singers’ ability to sight-read additional musical elements.
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McClung, Alan C. "Sight-Singing Scores of High School Choristers with Extensive Training in Movable Solfège Syllables and Curwen Hand Signs." Journal of Research in Music Education 56, no. 3 (October 2008): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429408323290.
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Randomly chosen high school choristers with extensive training in solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs ( N = 38) are asked to sight-sing two melodies, one while using Curwen hand signs and the other without. Out of a perfect score of 16, the mean score with hand signs was 10.37 ( SD = 4.23), and without hand signs, 10.84 ( SD = 3.96). A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference, F(1, 37) = .573, p = .454. These findings support the results of five earlier studies; however, because earlier studies were limited to students who were minimally trained in movable solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs, this study expands the knowledge base. Relationships between performance scores and instrumental experience, class grade, sight-singing experience, and hand sign experience were also examined. A pedagogical strategy for linking Curwen hand signs with students' preferred modes of learning (especially the kinesthetic mode) is recommended.
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Guendelman, Miriam, Lior Reich, and Amir Amedi. "‘Visual’-parsing without visual experience: Is ‘seeing’ with sounds better than sight restoration in the early blind?" Multisensory Research 26, no. 1-2 (2013): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-000s0147.
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Vrdoljak, Ana Filipa, and Alexander A. Bauer. "Pandemics and the role of culture." International Journal of Cultural Property 27, no. 4 (November 2020): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739121000060.
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Pandemics creep up on us slowly, and without our suspecting, while we are distracted. Likewise, human experience shows that they recede gradually and without our noticing. For those in the eye of its storm—those that experience their devastating impact firsthand without the hope of an end in sight—they touch and shape their daily lives and their societies, in big and small ways. History shows, that across millennia, pandemics throw a harsh light on existing cleavages in societies and shortcomings in their organization; fuel deliberation, agitation, and the search for new ideas; and accelerate or bring about change. There is no reason to believe the effect of the pandemic that is presently affecting every continent will not follow a similar path.
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Ayers, William R. "What Is It Like to Be a Dolphin? Echolocation and Subjectivity in Video Games." Journal of Sound and Music in Games 2, no. 3 (2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsmg.2021.2.3.1.
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Echolocation is a rare ability of some bats, dolphins, and humans with reduced sightedness or visual impairment. Often visualized as a type of auditory sight, echolocation has no true analog for sighted humans without the ability, resulting in a wide range of interpretations when game designers attempt to capture this subjective experience. Video games have depicted echolocation with varying degrees of fidelity and realism, from musical scales and maps to fully realized three-dimensional worlds. This variety may be attributed in part to the inaccessible experience of the echolocating subjects. Designers must rely on their own subjective experiences to create a mental image of this ability. Synthesizing aspects of acoustic and biological sciences, philosophy, and disability studies, this article examines depictions of echolocation in video games, demonstrating that games require players to incorporate their own experiences in order to bridge the “explanatory gap” between the subjective experiences of visually impaired characters and knowledge of the objective processes of echolocation that are accessible to sighted players. With examples from Ecco the Dolphin (1992) and Perception (2017), this article will show that designers support their echolocation mechanics with narrative and supplementary information rather than actualizing the experience with gameplay.
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Johnson, Abel K. Samuel, Vishnu Prasad R, Parthasarathy R, and Zile Singh. "Supplementary pulse polio immunization program: an experience from Ground zero." International Journal of Scientific Reports 1, no. 5 (October 3, 2015): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20150899.
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Independent polio immunization campaign monitoring is carried out to assess the quality and impact of supplementary immunization activities. It is critical in guiding any necessary mid-course corrections if gaps or problems are found. The need of the hour is to maintain this status by continuing the immunization activities without any discrimination based on caste, creed, sect, state or religion. It was a great sight to witness the Polio workers in the interiors of the country doing a great job to make INDIA proud and continue as a POLIO ELIMINATED COUNTRY. All the credit goes to these workers who tirelessly cycles and walks withstanding the rain and sun that made India a POLIO FREE country. Objective of this article is to highlight some of the observations by a WHO external monitor posted in a District of Tamilnadu.
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Kreutzer, Michel, Gerard Leboucher, and Nathalie Beguin. "Sexual Preferences for Mate Song in Female Canaries (Serinus Canaria)." Behaviour 135, no. 8 (1998): 1185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853998792913500.
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AbstractRecent studies have shown that female passerine birds give more sexual displays for songs of their mates than for songs of other males. The present study aimed to determine to what extent familiarisation with a song may account for females' song preferences. Ten female canaries were paired with a male during 3 days before egg laying; females were subsequently left alone to incubate and rear their young. Females were subjected to the familiarisation procedure when nestlings were 9 days old, until they were 17 days old. During the familiarisation period, twice a day, each female was successively exposed to the playback of three successive song records: (a) The mate song (M), a song frequently emitted by their previous sexual partner; when this song was played back, females were concurrently exposed to the sight of their previous mate. (b) The song of a non-mate accompanied by the sight of the mate (NMAS), a song emitted by a non-mate male; when this song was played back, females were also exposed to the sight of their previous mate. (c) The song of a non-mate not accompanied by the sight of the mate (NMNAS). At the end of this familiarisation period, the sexual preferences of the females for these songs were studied. Sexual responses were elicited by the emission of the M, NMAS and NMNAS songs, without male presentation. We analysed the total number of copulation solicitation displays (CSDs) elicited by each song. Females displayed more for M song than for NMAS or NMNAS songs. Eight of the 10 females gave at least half of their displays to M song. In a separate experiment, females without reproductive experience with the males failed to present a preference for any of these songs. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that mate recognition is not a mere effect of familiarisation with songs but is closely associated with previous reproductive experience. Song preferences that develop as a result of association with a particular male may be important in the maintenance of pair bonds and could influence future copulation acceptance with this mate.
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Jaworska-Biskup, Katarzyna. "The World without Sight. A Comparative Study of Concept Understanding in Polish Congenitally Totally Blind and Sighted Children." Psychology of Language and Communication 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10057-011-0002-4.
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The World without Sight. A Comparative Study of Concept Understanding in Polish Congenitally Totally Blind and Sighted ChildrenThe paper presents the outcome of an experiment on concept understanding in Polish congenitally totally blind and sighted children. A test of free associations was administered to a group of 40 sighted and 24 congenitally totally blind children between the ages of 7 and 9. The research instrument included 25 sample concepts grouped into four categories such as colors, nature phenomena, features of living organisms and physical processes. The collected responses lend support to the fact that there exist many impediments to proper concept understanding due to limited hands-on experience arising out of blindness, visible in the research by the presence of gaps in knowledge or egocentrism-based responses. The data exhibits a blind child's high dependence on contextual clues and a delay in the process of decontextualization, especially if it is not accompanied by sufficient stimulation from the child's environment.
Books on the topic "Experience without sight"
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Honisch, Stefan Sunandan. Moving Experiences. Edited by Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, and Joseph Straus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.34.
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This essay asks how navigating the world without sight can influence musical interpretation and enable a blind performer to make music move in unfamiliar ways. A recording of Frédéric Chopin’s Prelude in B Minor Op. 28 No. 6 by the blind Hungarian pianist Imre Ungár (1909–1972) constitutes the focal point for an analysis guided simultaneously by Naomi Cumming’s (2000) conceptualization of “the performing self” (a musical identity that emerges through the performer’s ability to control the movement of notes) and by Joseph Straus’s (2011) conception of “mobility-inflected hearing” (musical understanding shaped by the experience of movement in a disabled body). Ungár’s pianistic self transforms blindness from a visual impairment into a moving (that is, kinesthetic) experience, carrying Chopin’s prelude through musical spaces at once unfamiliar and generative.
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de Vignemont, Frédérique. Over and Above Bodily Sensations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0003.
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At first sight, Martin (1995) provides a promising reductionist account of the first-personal character of bodily ownership in spatial terms: it is sufficient to feel sensations as being located in a part of one’s body to experience this body part as one’s own. There is nothing over and above the location of the sensations. However, Martin’s view fails to account for the following two puzzles. First, one generally experiences no ownership towards tools although one can feel some sensations as being located in them. Secondly, one can experience a sense of disownership towards one’s own limbs despite still feeling sensations in them. What these puzzles reveal is that we should not confuse the feeling of bodily presence and the feeling of bodily ownership: one can be aware of the body as a bounded object in a larger space without being aware of it qua one’s own body
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Adams, Natalie G., and James H. Adams. Just Trying to Have School. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496819536.001.0001.
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After the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling, no state fought longer or harder to preserve segregated schools than Mississippi. This massive resistance came to a crashing halt in October 1969 when the Supreme Court ruled in Alexander v. Holmes Board of Education that “the obligation of every school district is to terminate dual school systems at once and to operate now and hereafter only unitary schools.” Thirty of the thirty-three Mississippi districts named in the case were ordered to open as desegregated schools after Christmas break. With little guidance from state officials and no formal training or experience in effective school desegregation processes, ordinary people were thrown into extraordinary circumstances. However, their stories have been largely ignored in desegregation literature. This book explores the arduous and complex task of implementing school desegregation. How were bus routes determined? Who lost their position as principal? Who was assigned to what classes? Without losing sight of the important macro forces in precipitating social change, the authors shift attention to how the daily work of “just trying to have school” helped shape the contours of school desegregation in communities still living with the decisions made fifty years ago.
Book chapters on the topic "Experience without sight"
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Ganeri, Jonardon. "Centres without Sensibility." In Virtual Subjects, Fugitive Selves, 118–23. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864684.003.0016.
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A fundamental claim in Pessoa’s philosophy is that selves are grounded in fields of experience. What, though, if there are no sensations? This very possibility, which seems at first sight to be wholly unavailable to Pessoa, is exactly what is countenanced by the eleventh-century Central Asian philosopher Avicenna. Avicenna says that one can imagine a human being who is created out of nothing flying through the air but having no sensory perceptions. However, there is a phenomenological field, and so a type of centrality, available even to the flying man. A positional conception of self can be grounded in the centrality of a purely cognitive phenomenology. If a purely cognitive landscape of presence is a possibility, then so too is a virtual subject, a heteronym, whose manner of experiencing is purely cognitive.
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Paterson, Mark. "‘Suppose a man born blind…’: Cubes and Spheres, Hands and Eyes." In Seeing with the Hands. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474405317.003.0003.
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In 1688 the Irishman William Molyneux posed his famous question to John Locke: if a man born without sight, and who already knew a solid cube and sphere through direct tactile experience, was now able to see, would he be able to tell which was which by sight alone, without touching them? The reason Ernst Cassirer called it “the central question of eighteenth century epistemology and psychology” in 1951 is the crux of this chapter.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Pain Drain." In Pained, 127–30. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0036.
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This chapter examines chronic pain. Pain starts as a symptom—associated, for example, with arthritis or neuropathy—and, for one in five Americans, this symptom becomes “chronic,” that is, it lasts for weeks, or months, or even years. Chronic pain has its own reliable neurobiology and its own brain activation signature—although it cannot be localized in any specific “pain area” like other sensory perceptions, such as smell or sight. Still, pain changes the brain’s structure, its neuronal configurations. Moreover, pain’s significance in a person’s life is highly individualized. The experience of chronic pain can be altered by mood, sleep quality, distraction, suggestion, or even anticipation of new pain. This implies that pain may be exacerbated by social conditions—by violence, by anxiety. Living in poverty, for example, increases the odds of living with chronic pain. Although pain is real, it is still doubted and disputed. In the legal system, it is the subject of arguments over payment for disability claims and personal injury suits. The lack of an objective measure of pain means that some who might deserve compensation miss out because they cannot “prove” their discomfort. Assessing and treating pain, recognizing the pain of others, coping with its presence, and limiting its ruinous effects without misusing opioids or taking one’s own life remain central tests of people’s empathy and their efforts to promote health.
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Khandkar, Arundhati C., and Ashok C. Khandkar. "Know Thyself." In Swimming Upstream, 152–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199495153.003.0007.
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Having won acclaim with his receiving India’s highest literary honour, the Sahitya Academy Award, he set his sights on encouraging Dalit writers and thinkers to express themselves in their own words, helping them find their own authentic voices, without regard to the vast literature that was essentially canonical and brahminical in origin. He hoped that this would help heal the wounds that the Untouchables felt deeply as a result of the deprivations that they had experienced for generations. At the same time, he also pointed to the varied and opposing interpretations of stories and parables from the great Indian epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. His distillation of the vast span of Vedic and Vedantic literature offered depth and meaning extending from the ancient Sanskrit to the contemporary nascent Dalit literature. Marathi Dalit literature blossomed during this time and saw extraordinary growth. He expanded his analysis and thinking into other creative realms including the aesthetics of art, poetry, and drama.
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Thornicroft, Graham, Elaine Brohan, and Aliya Kassam. "Public attitudes and the challenge of stigma." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 5–9. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0002.
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If we deliberately shift focus from stigma to discrimination, there are a number of distinct advantages. First attention moves from attitudes to actual behaviour, not if an employer would hire a person with mental illness, but if he or she does. Second, interventions can be tried and tested to see if they change behaviour towards people with mental illness, without necessarily changing knowledge or feelings. The key candidates as active ingredients to reduce stigma are: (i) at the local level, direct social contact with people with mental illness; and (ii) social marketing techniques at the national level. Third, people who have a diagnosis of mental illness can expect to benefit from all the relevant anti-discrimination policies and laws in their country or jurisdiction, on a basis of parity with people with physical disabilities. Fourth, a discrimination perspective requires us to focus not upon the ‘stigmatized’ but upon the ‘stigmatizer’. In sum, this means sharpening our sights upon human rights, upon injustice, and upon discrimination as actually experienced by people with mental illness.
Conference papers on the topic "Experience without sight"
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Schmidt, Aaron, B. Terry Beck, and Mohammad H. Hosni. "Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements Near the Onset of Cavitation in a Converging-Diverging Glass Nozzle." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67384.
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Water flow through a converging-diverging glass nozzle experiences a pressure drop and its velocity increases as it flows through the converging section. For an inviscid fluid, the pressure minimum occurs at the nozzle throat, where the cross-sectional area is minimum. If the minimum pressure is below the water vapor pressure, cavitation may occur. The actual minimum pressure through a converging-diverging nozzle depends on many factors and may not occur at the nozzle throat. Additionally, fluid through the nozzle may be driven into the metastable region and subsequently cavitate at a lower pressure than the vapor pressure. All of these factors combine to create a complex and unsteady flow pattern. The precise conditions leading to the onset of cavitation in water flowing in a converging-diverging nozzle are not well understood. Utilization of a clear glass converging-diverging nozzle enabled Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the velocity vector field inside the nozzle without significantly promoting premature cavitation formation. Glass spheres of 10 μm diameter were selected as seed particles for use in the PIV measurements. These seed particles did not significantly affect the formation (or onset) of cavitation in the nozzle; however, larger seed particles (120 μm diameter) provided nucleation sights and promoted cavitation prematurely. The seed particles were injected into the flow significantly upstream from the nozzle to prevent disrupting the flow entering the nozzle. High seed density was needed to supply enough seed particles to interrogate small regions near the nozzle wall; however, high seed density could also cause speckling and reduce the ability to produce meaningful PIV measurements. A Nd:YAG laser provided illumination of the seed particles in the nozzle. Laser reflections off of the nozzle exterior had to be minimized to avoid saturating the PIV camera. A polarizing filter was installed on the camera to reduce reflections. An enclosure that surrounded the nozzle was also designed and utilized. The enclosure was filled with water to reduce laser reflections off of the nozzle exterior wall. The time elapsed between frames had to be adjusted for each section of the nozzle interrogated with PIV. For accurate velocity measurements, particles needed to travel at least two particles diameters but less than 25% of each interrogation cell. The large variation in velocities present in the nozzle prevented one time interval from satisfying the seed particles displacement requirements. The time interval between frames had to be tailored to each section of the nozzle, depending upon the range of velocities seen in that section. Detailed measurement of the velocity profile near the nozzle throat required precise control over all timing parameters and pushed the available hardware to its smallest possible time interval. Detailed PIV measurements near the wall in regions of recirculation and at the cavitation front required the use of a long-distance microscope. This limited the field of view and necessitated a high seed particle density, which presented problems due to the lack of control over the flow of the seed particles in the near wall region. PIV allowed for the measurement of the velocity vector field inside a converging-diverging nozzle without disrupting the flow. These measurements provided detailed velocity and flow pattern information throughout the nozzle, particularly in the regions near the cavitation front where boundary layer separation was observed along with regions of recirculating flow. These detailed velocity profiles were compiled to present a complete PIV analysis of the converging-diverging glass nozzle. Measurements of the velocity field near cavitation onset allowed for a better understanding of the conditions triggering cavitation and the degree to which the water flow was able to be driven into the metastable region.