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Udachina, Alisa. "Investigating paranoia using the Experience Sampling Method." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8986/.
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The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) - a structured diary technique – has been used to investigate paranoid experiences as they occur in daily life. This thesis explores the contribution of ESM research to our knowledge about paranoid beliefs and includes a novel investigation of paranoia using ESM. Section 1. The literature investigating paranoid beliefs using ESM was systematically reviewed. The review found that ESM has contributed to our knowledge about a range of factors relevant to the paranoid process, including emotional factors, substance use, methodological issues, assessment and treatment, and genes. The review outlines methodological advantages as well as limitations of the reviewed research and discusses directions for future research. Section 2. The empirical investigation tested a hypothesis that paranoid beliefs combined with low perceived deservedness of persecution (Poor-me [PM] beliefs) may protect individuals against distress caused by stressful life events. The study also aimed to replicate a previous finding that PM beliefs enhance subsequent self-esteem. ESM was used to assess individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The results showed that PM beliefs were associated with attenuated emotional sensitivity to social but not activity stress. In contrast, paranoid beliefs combined with high perceived deservedness of persecution (Bad-me [BM] beliefs) were associated with hypersensitivity to social stress. There was a negative association between paranoia and subsequent self-esteem; the impact of paranoia on self-esteem was greater at higher levels of deservedness. These results suggest that PM beliefs may protect the individuals against the distress associated with stressful social encounters.
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Delespaul, Philippe Amand Etienne Ghislain. "Assessing schizophrenia in daily life the experience sampling method /." Maastricht : Maastricht : UPM, Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1995. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7928.
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Borrie, William T. "Measuring the multiple, deep, and unfolding aspects of the wilderness experience using the experience sampling method." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164048/.
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Hemanth, Kumar Ravuri. "Study of Users’ Data Volume as Function of Quality of Experience for Churn Prediction." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13611.
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Customer churn has always been a problem to be addressed by the telecommunication service providers. So far, work done in this regard was based on analyzing historical data of the customers by using different data mining techniques. Investigations based on individual user behavior with a motive of churn prediction are expected to give an idea about the user’s point view towards churn. Data volumes/data usage of the users is seen as parameter to assess the satisfaction of the users with the service. The subjective and objective behavior of the mobile phone users has been captured by collecting data about the data volumes/data usage for both Wi-Fi and mobile services along with their ratings of Quality of Experience (QoE). The Experience Sampling Method has been deployed to collect the user data. Android tool was used to collect weekly data volumes of the users. A questionnaire was prepared with questions regarding quality, annoyance and churn risk of the users. The questionnaire was used to collect the weekly opinions of the users on the service. A total of 22 users participated in the study, of which 3 persons churned to other service provider during the study. The data collected in the study was analyzed using averages, correlations and decision trees. Comparisons were made between Wi-Fi and mobile services, churners and non-churners/active users. A 2-fold churn prediction model was proposed based on conclusions of the study.
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Russell, Ann S. "A study of episodes of emotion in daily life using the experience sampling method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51575.pdf.
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Bischofberger, Monika Buob Mirko Müller Conny. "Erlebnisqualität Lernender in Sonderschulen und deren Korrelate : eine Untersuchung mit der Experience Sampling Method (ESM) /." Zürich : Hochschule für Heilpädagogik, 2009. http://www.bscw-hfh.ch/pub/bscw.cgi/d4301376/Abstract_Bi_Bu_Mu.pdf.
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Dahlstrom, Erik A. "An Examination of Arousal States in Novice Whitewater Kayakers During a Weekend Instructional Experience." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1213027065.
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Schneider, James Clark. "Stereotype Threats and Mature Female Students Entering Higher Education: A Qualitative Study Using Experience Sampling Method." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7740.
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Mature female students encounter a range of challenges, including stereotype threat, which may affect their persistence in academic programs. Research has been conducted on stereotype threat in adult learners, but little research has been done on the impact of stereotype threat on mature female students in higher education. The purpose of this qualitative study using the experience sampling method (ESM) was to investigate how role conflict and social isolation due to age differences affected the learning experiences of mature female students (ages 45-54). The study used a conceptual framework incorporating Steele and Aronson’s stereotype threat theory and the concept of perceived belonging. The research questions explored participants’ use of time and interactions with others to determine the extent to which they may have experienced role conflict and social isolation due to age differences. Using ESM in conjunction with interval-contingent diaries, the study collected data on 5 mature female students enrolled at a national, for-profit undergraduate institution 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed, codes and categories were developed, and themes were identified according to the research questions and diary prompts. Analysis of themes suggested that participants experienced role conflict, struggled with time management, and often felt overwhelmed and exhausted. The themes also indicated that participants interacted favorably with staff and professors but found themselves in conflict with classmates, often as a result of age differences. This study may lead to the development of interventions that can be used to address the unique, diverse needs of mature female students in higher education.
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Liljeström, Simon. "Emotional Reactions to Music : Prevalence and Contributing Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-151605.
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People value music mainly for its abilities to induce emotions. Yet little is known about these experiences. The aim of this thesis was thus to investigate the nature and prevalence of emotional reactions to music, and what factors in the listener, the music, and the situation might contribute to such reactions. Study I explored the prevalence of musical emotions and possible factors influencing such experiences through the use of a questionnaire sent out to a random and nationally representative sample. The results indicated that a majority of the responders frequently reacted emotionally to music, and that their reactions included both basic and complex emotions. Prevalence correlated with personality, gender, age, and music education. Study II was designed to obtain a representative sample of situations where music induced emotions in listeners. The results showed that emotional reactions to music occurred in 24% of all episodes, and that the prevalence of specific emotions varied depending on the situation (e.g., other people present). However, causal inferences could not be drawn from Study I and II, so it was considered important to test predictions in a more controlled setting. Study III showed in an experiment that listeners experienced more intense emotions (a) to self-chosen music than to randomly selected music and (b) when listening with a close friend or partner than when listening alone. Moreover, Openness to experience correlated with emotion intensity. All three factors were linked to positive emotions. Overall, the thesis shows that (a) musical emotions are relatively common, (b) music can induce a variety of emotions, and (c) there are several features in the listener, the music, and the situation that may influence emotional reactions to music.
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Newsome, Eve. "An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Flow Teaching on Instrumental Practice and Performance." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413021.
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This study investigated the effectiveness of flow teaching as directed to the practice and performance of instrumental music in the post-secondary context. Its purpose was to determine the effectiveness of a three-lesson educational flow intervention for twelve post-secondary brass and string instrumentalists. Data were collected through measures of subjective experience during practice and performance and the objective assessment of three performances.
Flow experiences have been studied extensively in sport since the 1970s, and consequently, training strategies have been developed to increase flow levels in sporting contexts to maximise the possibility of optimal experience. However, in the domain of instrumental music, flow training strategies have not been thoroughly developed, researched, or applied for practice or performance purposes. Therefore, it is not known what potential effects, if any, applied flow theory strategies might have on instrumental practice and performance experiences or performance outcomes.
The study employed a mixed method approach using recognised qualitative and quantitative methods suitable for an educational intervention research investigation. The methodology was a quasi-experimental intervention with non-equivalent control using concurrent triangulation comparative mixed method design. This provided the simplest form of baseline design with two groups and allowed each group to act as both an intervention group and a control group maximising the possible data collection for the small sample and short timeframe.
The participants in the study were 12 self-selected undergraduate string and brass players from the Bachelor of Music course at the Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (QCGU), Australia. They were stratified and randomly assigned into two groups of six. During the Intervention phases of the 38-day study, each participant received three one-to-one Flow Music Method (FMM) lessons created by the researcher. The FMM was based on the work of psychologist Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi and other flow researchers.
Across the timeline of the study, participants completed an experience sampling form (ESF) to measure the details of their subjective experience during each practice session and immediately after performances. In addition, a video journal was recorded at the end of each practice session and a post-study interview completed. At the end of the study, an expert panel of two music assessors rated the level of performances of each participant in randomised order using a Performance Assessment Form compiled by the researcher for that purpose.
All data were analysed using SPSS and NVivo to ascertain the effects of the FMM Intervention on the participant experience of practice and performance and to examine the rater assessment of performances. An investigation of the relationships between practice and performance experience and rater assessment was subsequently undertaken to determine any relevant findings. Results showed that the experience of participants during instrumental practice became more positive for both groups in terms of Mood, Flow, Last 5 minutes of practice, and Overall experience from Phase 1 to Phase 2 across the timeline of the study with effect sizes ranging from small to very large. Findings also revealed that the experience of participants during instrumental performance became more positive with higher levels of Mood, Flow, Last 5 minutes of performance, and Overall experience found in both groups for the performance immediately after the Intervention when compared with the baseline performance. The greatest increases were found for Group 1 for the scales of Flow and Last 5 where there were statistically significant and very large effects. These findings provided support for the positive effect of the FMM Intervention on the practice and performance experience of both groups.The analysis of the objective ratings of performances by two expert raters showed sufficient correlation of the global scores, however, no conclusions could be made concerning the relationship of the global scores with the practice and performance experience of participants. It is recommended that further studies of a similar nature be conducted to facilitate a deeper understanding of the relationship between the subjective response of the participants and the objective assessment of their performance. In addition, it is proposed that the FMM be adapted to ameliorate any identified challenges and to enable the most effective application to instrumental pedagogic contexts in future.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland Conservatorium
Arts, Education and Law
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Bringsén, Åsa, Göran Ejlertsson, and H. Ingemar Andersson. "Flow situations during everyday practice in a medical hospital ward : results from a study based on experience sampling method." Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8813.
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Nursing is a constant balance between strain and stimulation and work and health research with a positive reference point has been recommended. A health-promoting circumstance for subjective experience is flow, which is a psychological state, when individuals concurrently experience happiness, motivation and cognitive efficiency. Flow situations can be identified through individuals' estimates of perceived challenge and skills. There is, to the best of our knowledge, no published study of flow among health care staff. The aim of this study was to identify flow-situations and study work-related activities and individual factors associated with flow situations, during everyday practice at a medical emergency ward in Sweden, in order to increase the knowledge on salutogenic health-promoting factors.The respondents consisted of 17 assistant nurses and 14 registered nurses, who randomly and repeatedly answered a small questionnaire, through an experience sampling method, during everyday nursing practice. The study resulted in 497 observations. Flow situations were defined as an exact match between a high challenge and skill estimation and logistic regression models were used to study different variables association to flow situations.The health care staff spent most of its working time in individual nursing care and administrative and communicative duties. The assistant nurses were more often occupied in individual nursing care, while the registered nurses were more involved in medical care and administrative and communicative duties. The study resulted in 11.5% observations of flow situations but the relative number of flow situations varied between none to 55% among the participants. Flow situations were positively related to medical care activities and individual cognitive resources. Taking a break was also positively associated with flow situations among the assistant nurses.The result showed opportunities for work-related interventions, with an adherent increase in flow situations, opportunity for experience of flow and work-related health among the nursing staff in general and among the assistant nurses in particular.
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Sartori, R. D. G. "QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE DURING HOSPITAL REHABILITATION: THE ROLE OF AUTONOMY AND PERCEIVED CHALLENGES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/173980.
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In most studies on rehabilitation, well-being is synonymous with high levels of physical autonomy. However, little attention is paid to the psychological dimensions of rehabilitation and the role of subjective experience in promoting the patient’s recovery and functioning. Several studies have highlighted that one of the core dimensions of well-being is the perception of high challenges in daily activities, matched with the individual skills and abilities. In order to design patient-centered programs this aspect should be evaluated jointly with physical autonomy.
Moving from these premises, the study was aimed at investigating the quality of experience reported by hospitalized patients engaged in a rehabilitation training. Specific attention was paid to the impact of daily activities and participants’ level of autonomy on the promotion of well-being and resource mobilization.
Participants were 50 patients (30 women and 20 men aged 25-87) admitted to a Rehabilitation Unit for orthopaedic pathologies (80%), neurological disorders (18%) and respiratory syndromes (2%). Sample features were consistent with the hospital yearly pathology and gender distribution.
Data were collected through Experience Sampling Method (ESM), providing on-line information on the experience fluctuation during daily life. For one week participants carried an electronic device sending acoustic randomized signals 6-8 times a day. At signal receipt, they provided self-reports about ongoing activities and the associated experience. Likert-type scales measured cognitive, emotional and motivational psychological dimensions, including challenges perceived in the activity and related personal skills. Patients’ autonomy was assessed through Barthel index (BI). Before data analysis participants were divided into three groups, characterized by low (LBI), moderate (MBI) and high (HBI) levels of autonomy respectively.
Answers to open-ended questions were coded and grouped into categories. The values of scaled variables were standardized before analysis. Analysis of variance was used to compare the quality of experience across groups. The experience fluctuation pattern related to the level of perceived challenges and skills was analyzed across activities. To examine the role of autonomy level and typology of activities in influencing participants’ quality of experience, a series of regression analyses were run adopting a multilevel (ML) approach.
Findings showed that participants reported motor rehabilitation activities in one tenth of their self-reports, mostly associating them with the perception of high challenges, and in particular with optimal experience, characterized by concentration, engagement, high challenges balanced with adequate personal skills. Anxiety, characterized by high challenges and low skills, high engagement, but also control of the situation, was more frequently reported by LBI participants. During the most frequent daily activities – personal care and leisure – participants reported instead low challenging experiences of apathy and boredom. Interactions were mainly associated with the perception of high challenges, and in particular with optimal experience.
ML showed that the type of activity represented a significant predictor of the quality of experience, while the level of autonomy had a modest impact on it. Cognitive dimensions of the experience, and perceived challenges and skills significantly increased during rehabilitation tasks, in particular for HBI patients. On the other hand, similar experiential patterns were identified in all groups in the other major daily activities, regardless of participants’ level of autonomy.
Results suggest that the added value of physiotherapy as an opportunity for promoting psychological well-being should be more carefully taken into account in rehabilitation programs. On the opposite, the prominently negative experiences associated with the other daily activities point to the need for organizational changes supporting patients’ autonomy and active resources mobilization.
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Scicluna, Helen. "An analysis of the relationship between mood states, sense of self, flow and personal constructs in anorexia nervosa participants." University of Sydney. Psychological Medicine, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/836.
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Public view removed at the authors request. 16/07/2006The daily experience of anorexia nervosa sufferers has not previously been studied and yet it is fundamental to understanding anorexia nervosa. This study examined and compared the daily experiences of anorexia nervosa patients and control participants in terms of sense of self, mood states and flow states. Flow is characterised by undivided concentration and interest in an activity for intrinsic benefits. Flow is not always desirable, as some ways of experiencing it may be harmful to the individual and society. Anorexia nervosa participants were recruited from hospitals and private practices of clinicians specialising in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Exclusion criteria included male gender, chronic anorexia nervosa, drug abuse, and current participation in an inpatient program. Anorexia nervosa participants completed a series of questionnaires at baseline, 3-6 month follow-up and 7-12 month follow-up (stage one, two and three respectively). The questionnaires were designed to measure the severity of their eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa and control group participants completed Experience Sampling Forms (ESF) and a Repertory Grid at baseline and 3-6 months. The ESFs were completed each time a pager was activated. The pager was activated seven times a day, for four days at random times between 8.00am and 10.00pm. The pager signals were a minimum of two hours apart. The Repertory Grid consisted of 23 constructs and 13 elements provided to the participant. Thirty-one anorexia nervosa sufferers and thirty-two control participants completed stage one and eighteen anorexia nervosa sufferers and twenty-seven control group participants completed stage two of the study. Eighteen anorexia nervosa sufferers completed stage three of the study. Control participants were not required to participate in stage three. There was no difference in the severity of anorexia nervosa between completers and drop-outs The analysis of the ESFs at stage one indicated that the anorexia nervosa group participants did not spend more time alone at home or more time alone in any situation than the control group. For both groups, being alone had a negative influence on mood state, but had no effect on sense of self. The anorexia nervosa group felt lonelier and less sociable than the control group. The mood state and sense of self for the anorexia nervosa group was significantly lower over all the ESFs when compared to the control group. They were also more self-critical, experienced higher levels of guilt, were less able to live up to their own expectations, and were less satisfied with their performance in the activity they were doing. The anorexia nervosa group experienced less flow states than the control group at stage one. There was an improvement in mood state, sense of self and self-criticism for the anorexia nervosa group when they were in a flow state compared to when they were not in a flow state. There was an improvement in mood state, sense of self, guilt and self-criticism for the control group when they experienced flow, however these differences were not significant. The anorexia nervosa group had a more positive mood state and sense of self at stage two when compared to stage one. Correspondingly, there was a trend towards a reduced severity of the disorder indicated by a significant improvement on some of the psychological tests (EAT, REDS, BDI, DT). There was also a significant improvement in BMI. However, there was a significant decline in the amount of flow of anorexia nervosa participants experienced at stage two when compared to stage one. This result may be attributed to the significant decline in the response rate on ESFs in the second stage of the study for both the anorexia nervosa and control groups. Anorexia nervosa non-responders at stage two reported more severe symptoms of anorexia nervosa than anorexia nervosa responders, although this was a trend and reached significance only on minor indicators of eating disorder severity. The identification of a factor that predicted severity over a six-month period was not possible. The repertory grid analysis showed that the construct system of the anorexia nervosa participants was tighter and less complex than that of the control group. The anorexia nervosa group construed themselves as dissimilar from the way they would like to be in any context. The control group construed themselves as similar to the way they would like to be when they were alone, but as dissimilar from the way they would like to be when they were with other people. While the most salient element for both the anorexia nervosa and control groups was 'alone at home', it appears that the controls use this time for goal-directed activities. In contrast, this time was dominated by fear of losing control for the anorexia nervosa group. Although there was a trend towards a decrease in the amount of variance accounted for by the first component for the anorexia nervosa group at stage two compared to stage one, the interpretation of this result was complicated by mixed result of the control group. The anorexia nervosa groups' daily experience of life was bleak when compared to the daily experience of the control group, except for periods when the anorexia nervosa participants experienced a flow state. DeVries (1992) has documented the success of therapeutic interventions that involve the identification and replication of activities that resulted in a flow state. This investigation suggests that a similar result may be possible in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
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Kolb, Nadine Müller Petra. "Zusammenhänge zwischen Schlüsselelementen des Unterrichts, Unterrichtsformen und der Erlebensqualität von Lernenden in der ISF : eine Untersuchung mit der Experience Sampling Method /." Zürich : Hochschule für Heilpädagogik, 2009. http://www.bscw-hfh.ch/pub/bscw.cgi/d4301402/Abstract%20definitiv.pdf.
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Pfister, Regula. "Flow im Alltag : Untersuchungen zum Quadrantenmodell des Flow-Erlebens und zum Konzept der autotelischen Persönlichkeit mit der Experience sampling method (ESM) /." Bern : P. Lang, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39109437d.
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Rheinberg, Falko, Regina Vollmeyer, and Stefan Engeser. "Die Erfassung des Flow-Erlebens." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/634/.
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Ausgehend von einer Charakterisierung des Flow-Erlebens als gaenzliches Aufgehen in einem glatt laufenden Taetigkeitsvollzug, den man trotz hoher Beanspruchung noch unter Kontrolle hat, wird auf die Erfassung dieser Motivationskomponente eingegangen. Dargestellt und diskutiert werden Vor- und Nachteile der bisherigen qualitativen (Interviews) und quantitativen Flow-Erfassung (Experience Sampling Method (ESM)) . Ausfuehrlicher wird eine "Flow-Kurzskala" (FKS) beschrieben, die mit zehn Items alle qualitativ verschiedenen Komponenten des Flow-Erlebens oekonomisch und reliabel erfasst. Sie liefert einen Gesamtwert sowie Werte fuer zwei Subskalen (glatter automatisierter Verlauf sowie Absorbiertheit). Daneben erfassen drei zusaetzliche Items die Besorgnis in der aktuellen Situation. Berichtet werden Vergleichskennwerte aus punktuellen Messungen und ESM-Studien. Die hoechsten Werte fuer Flow und Besorgnis wurden bislang bei Graffiti-Sprayern gefunden. Bei einer intellektuell herausfordernden Aufgabe (Postkorbuebung) sind die FKS-Werte mit der Hoffnung-auf-Erfolg-Komponente des Leistungsmotivs korreliert. Furcht-vor-Misserfolg korreliert dagegen mit dem Besorgniswert der FKS. Flow waehrend der Bearbeitung von Uebungsaufgaben fuer Statistik lieferte einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Vorhersage der nachfolgenden Klausurleistung. Dieser Beitrag blieb erhalten, auch wenn Faehigkeitsmasse kontrolliert wurden. (Buch/A.G. - ZPID)
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Schweitzer, Pierre. "Cognitive ageing in everyday life." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP061/document.
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Les objectifs de cette thèse sont multiples: 1. concevoir un nouvel outil d'échantillonnage des expériences utilisant les technologies mobiles, qui soit durable et évolutif, et qui permette d'implémenter des tests cognitifs mobiles; 2. utiliser cet outil pour obtenir des informations écologiques sur les comportements et les performances cognitives; 3. valider la méthode; 4. analyser les interactions entre comportement et performance afin d'identifier les comportements sains ou à risqueThis thesis has several objectives: 1. design a new experience sampling tool that is durable and evolutive, and allows to implement mobile cognitive tests; 2. use this tool to obtain ecological information on behaviors and cognitive performance; 3. validate the method; 4. analyze the relationships between behavior and performance to identify which behaviors are healthy or risky
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Dorji, Kinzang. "Utility of an existing biotic score method in assessing the stream health in Bhutan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/97993/1/Kinzang_Dorji_Thesis.pdf.
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In many countries water quality is assessed by using indices derived from the presence of macroinvertebrate species. This study aimed to improve the application of one such index (Hindu-Kush Himalaya based index: HKHbios) to rivers and streams in Bhutan. Sampling in a number of different streams showed that there was a strong influence of the monsoon on stream macroinvertebrates, however the month to month and site to site HKHbios scores showed no consistent patterns. Dry season sampling and increased ecological information on a number of macroinvertebrate taxa were identified as areas where water quality assessment in Bhutanese streams could be improved.
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Zygar-Hoffmann, Caroline [Verfasser], and Felix [Akademischer Betreuer] Schönbrodt. "Taking a closer look at the ups and downs in couple relationships : using the Experience Sampling Method to study motivation, behavior, and feelings in dyads / Caroline Zygar-Hoffmann ; Betreuer: Felix Schönbrodt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218466332/34.
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Nagel, Kristine Susanne. "Using Availability Indicators to Enhance Context-Aware Family Communication Applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11547.
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Family conversation between homes is difficult to initiate at mutually agreeable times as neither participant has exact knowledge of the other's activities or intentions. Whether calling to plan an important family gathering or simply to connect with family members, the question is: Is now a good time to call? People expect friends and family to learn their activity patterns and to minimize interruptions when calling. Can technology provide awareness cues to the caller, even prior to the initiation of the call?
This research focuses on sampling the everyday activities of home life to determine environmental factors, which may serve as an indicator for availability. These external factors may be effective for identifying household routines of availability and useful in determining when to initiate conversation across homes. Several workplace studies have shown a person's interruptibility can be reliably assessed and modeled from specific environmental cues; this work looks for similar predictive power in the home. Copresence, location, and activity in the home were investigated as correlates to availability and for their effectiveness within the social protocol of family conversation. These studies indicate there are activities that can be sensed, either in real-time or over some time span, that correlate to self-reported availability. However, the type and amount of information shared is dependent upon individual preferences, social accessibility, and patterns of activities. This research shows friends and family can improve their predictions of when to call if provided additional context, and suggests that abstract representations of either routines or explicit availability status is sufficient and may be preferred by providers. Availability prediction is feasible in the home and useful to those outside the home, but the level of detail to provide in particular situations needs further study. This work has implications for the development of groupware systems, the automatic sensing of activity to deal with interruption, and activity recognition in the home.
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Lagadec, Saioa. "Dépression post-AVC : apport d’une double approche de neuroimagerie et enquête en vie quotidienne." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21927/document.
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Près de 30% des patients ayant survécus à un AVC, développent une dépression (DPAVC) dont le retentissement sur la qualité de vie peut être majeur. Sa physiopathologie est encore méconnue et les critères diagnostiques ne sont pas clairement définis. Notre objectif est d'identifier des facteurs précoces neuropsychologiques et de neuroimagerie prédictifs d'une dépression 3 mois après l’AVC.Cinquante-cinq patients présentant un premier AVC, sans antécédent neurologique ou psychiatrique ont été inclus. Dix jours après l’AVC, la sévérité des symptômes dépressifs et anxieux a été évaluée d’une part, par les échelles standard d’Hamilton et d’autre part, en vie quotidienne durant 7 jours, par la méthode d’échantillonnage des expériences (ESM). Au même temps, un examen d’IRM multimodale a été réalisé (IRM fonctionnelle de repos, DTI et 3D T1) afin d'évaluer les modifications anatomo-fonctionnelles de l’organisation cérébrale. Trois mois après l’AVC, une mesure standard de la sévérité des symptômes dépressifs et anxieux est à nouveau effectuée. A partir de ces données nous avons exploré la relation existant entre 1/ la sévérité des symptômes dépressifs et les données IRM 2/ la sévérité des symptômes dépressifs et les données ESM 3/ la sévérité des symptômes dépressifs mesurée par ESM et les modifications anatomo-fonctionnelles cérébrales. Nous avons mis en évidence une modification de la connectivité fonctionnelle entre les régions postérieures du réseau en "default mode", de la même façon que dans les dépressions majeure et vasculaire ; et entre le cortex temporal moyen et ce réseau. A la phase aigue de l’AVC, 2 profils symptomatologiques se distinguent : le premier est caractérisé par une grande fatigue et une forte anhédonie, le deuxième est définit par de la tristesse, une forte anxiété, des pensées négatives et une forte réactivité émotionnelle. Ce dernier est associé au risque de DPAVC à 3 mois. Enfin, nous avons montré que les modifications fonctionnelles du DMN prédictives de l’AVC étaient associées à la réactivité émotionnelle, alors que le volume de substance grise du cervelet était corrélé à la fréquence des pensées positives et négatives.En conclusion, la physiopathologie de la DPAVC présenterait des similitudes avec celle de la dépression majeure et de la dépression vasculaire, mais aussi des différences comme l’engagement du cortex temporal moyen au sein du réseau en « default mode ». De plus, cette étude suggère qu'à côté de l'implication de la lésion cérébro-vasculaire, des critères de vulnérabilité psychobiologiques antérieurs à l’AVC influenceraient la survenue d’une dépression30% of stroke survivors will experience Post-Stroke Depression (PSD) that is associated to a poor quality of life. PSD is still under-diagnosed due to the absence of clear diagnostic criteria and its pathophysiology remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify early imaging and psychiatric risk factors of depression 3 months after stroke. Patients with a first ischemic stroke, without any neurologic and psychiatric history were included. Daily-life symptoms were evaluated using ESM 10 days after stroke. Brain MRI acquisition was performed at 10 days after stroke including DWI, FLAIR/T2, resting state fMRI and anatomical sequences. We explored the association between 1/ the severity of depressive symptoms and MRI data 2/ the severity of depressive symptoms and ESM data 3/ the severity of depressive symptoms measured by ESM and MRI data.Results revealed a modification of the functional connectivity between posterior structures of the DMN (Default Mode Network) and between the middle temporal cortex and the DMN. In the acute phase, depressed patients presented either high fatigue and anhedonia or another profile including high anxiety, negative thoughts and emotional reactivity which is associated to the risk of depression 3 months after stroke. Moreover, we demonstrated that functional connectivity modifications within the DMN and the cerebellum grey matter were respectively associated to emotional reactivity and the frequency of positive and negative thoughts.In conclusion, modifications of the DMN were implicated in the physiopathology of PSD in the same way that major or vascular depression, with a specificity represented by the new contribution of the middle temporal cortex within the DMN. Furthermore, this study suggests that more than a stroke lesion, anterior psychobiological vulnerabilities of an individual patient could mediate PSD occurrence
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Harris, Mary Margaret. "Unpacking Emotional Dissonance: Examining the Effects of Event-Level Emotional Dissonance on Well-Being Using Polynomial Regression." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1401281006.
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Carter, Lesley-Anne. "Rigorous methods for the analysis, reporting and evaluation of ESM style data." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rigorous-methods-for-the-analysis-reporting-and-evaluation-of-esm-style-data(5c022c50-c399-4388-b76f-a02af55be4ad).html.
Full textAbstract:
Experience sampling methodology (ESM) is a real-time data capture method that can be used to monitor symptoms and behaviours as they occur during everyday life. With measures completed multiple times a day, over several days, this intensive longitudinal data collection method results in multilevel data with observations nested within days, nested within subjects. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the optimal use of multilevel models for ESM in the design, reporting and analysis of ESM data, and apply these models to a study in people with psychosis. A methodological systematic review was conducted to identify design, analysis and statistical reporting practices in current ESM studies. Seventy four studies from 2012 were reviewed, and together with the analysis of a motivating example, four significant areas of interest were identified: power and sample size, missing data, momentary variation and predicting momentary change. Appropriate multilevel methods were sought for each of these areas, and were evaluated in the three-level context of ESM.Missing data was found to be both underreported and rarely considered when choosing analysis methods in practice. This work has introduced a more detailed understanding of nonresponse in ESM studies and has discussed appropriate statistical methods in the presence of missing data. This thesis has extended two-level statistical methodology for data analysis to accommodate the three-level structure of ESM. Novel applications of time trends have been developed, were time can be measured at two separate levels. The suitability of predicting momentary change in ESM data has been questioned; it is argued that the first-difference and joint modelling methods that are claimed in the literature to remove bias possibly induce more in this context. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were shown to be a flexible option for estimating empirical power under varying sample sizes at levels 3, 2 and 1, with recommendations made for conservative power estimates when a priori parameter estimates are unknown. In summary, this work demonstrates how multilevel models can be used to examine the rich data structure of ESM and fully utilize the variation in measures captured at all levels.
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Moreira, Julian. "Évaluer l'apport du binaural dans une application mobile audiovisuelle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1243/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les terminaux mobiles offrent à ce jour des performances de plus en plus élevées (CPU, résolution de l’écran, capteurs optiques, etc.) Cela rehausse la qualité vidéo des services média, que ce soit pour le visionnage de contenu vidéo (streaming, TV, etc.) ou pour des applications interactives telles que le jeu vidéo. Mais cette évolution concernant l'image n'est pas ou peu suivie par l'intégration de systèmes de restitution audio de haute qualité dans ce type de terminal. Or, parallèlement à ces évolutions concernant l'image, des solutions de son spatialisé sur casque, à travers notamment la technique de restitution binaurale basée sur l'utilisation de filtres HRTF (Head Related Transfer Functions) voient le jour.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous proposons d’évaluer l’intérêt que peut présenter le son binaural lorsqu'il est utilisé sur une application mobile audiovisuelle. Une partie de notre travail a consisté à déterminer les différents sens que l’on pouvait donner au terme « application mobile audiovisuelle » et parmi ces sens ceux qui d’une part étaient pertinents et d’autre part pouvaient donner lieu à une évaluation comparative avec ou sans son binaural.Le couplage entre son binaural et visuel sur mobile occasionne en premier lieu une question d’ordre perceptive : comment peut-on organiser spatialement une scène virtuelle dont le son peut se déployer tout autour de l’utilisateur, et dont le visuel est restreint à un si petit écran ? La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à cette question. Nous menons une expérience visant à étudier le découplage spatial possible entre un son binaural et un visuel rendus sur smartphone. Cette expérience révèle une forte tolérance de l’être humain face aux dégradations spatiales pouvant survenir entre les deux modalités. En particulier, l’absence d’individualisation des HRTF, ainsi qu’un très grand découplage en élévation ne semblent pas affecter la perception. Par ailleurs, les sujets semblent envisager la scène « comme si » ils y étaient eux-mêmes directement projetés, à la place de la caméra, et cela indépendamment de leur propre distance à l’écran. Tous ces résultats suggèrent la possibilité d’une association entre son binaural et visuel sur mobile dans des conditions d’utilisation proches du grand public.Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous tentons de répondre à la question de l’apport du binaural en déployant une expérience « hors les murs », dans un contexte plausible d’utilisation grand public. Trente sujets jouent dans leur vie quotidienne à un jeu vidéo de type Infinite Runner, développé pour l’occasion en deux versions, une avec du son binaural, et l’autre avec du son monophonique. L’expérience dure cinq semaines, à raison de deux sessions par jour. Ce protocole procède de la méthode dite "Experience Sampling Method", sur l’état de l’art de laquelle nous nous sommes appuyés. Nous calculons à chaque session des notes d’immersion, de mémorisation et de performance, et nous comparons les notes obtenues entre les deux versions sonores. Les résultats indiquent une immersion significativement meilleure pour le binaural. La mémorisation et la performance ne sont en revanche pas soumises à un effet statistiquement significatif du rendu sonore. Au-delà des résultats, cette expérience nous permet de discuter de la question de la validité des données en fonction de la méthode de déploiement, en confrontant notamment bien-fondé théorique et faisabilité pratiqueIn recent years, smartphone and tablet global performances have been increased significantly (CPU, screen resolution, webcams, etc.). This can be particularly observed with video quality of mobile media services, such as video streaming applications, or interactive applications (e.g., video games). However, these evolutions barely go with the integration of high quality sound restitution systems. Beside these evolutions though, new technologies related to spatialized sound on headphones have been developed, namely the binaural restitution model, using HRTF (Head Related Transfer Functions) filters.In this thesis, we assess the potential contribution of the binaural technology to enhance the quality of experience of an audiovisual mobile application. A part of our work has been dedicated to define what is an “audiovisual mobile application”, what kind of application could be fruitfully experienced with a binaural sound, and among those applications which one could lead to a comparative experiment with and without binaural.In a first place, the coupling of a binaural sound with a mobile-rendered visual tackles a question related to perception: how to spatially arrange a virtual scene whose sound can be spread all around the user, while its visual is limited to a very small space? We propose an experiment in these conditions to study how far a sound and a visual can be moved apart without breaking their perceptual fusion. The results reveal a strong tolerance of subjects to spatial discrepancies between the two modalities. Notably, the absence or presence of individualization for the HRTF filters, and a large separation in elevation between sound and visual don’t seem to affect the perception. Besides, subjects consider the virtual scene as if they were projected inside, at the camera’s position, no matter what distance to the phone they sit. All these results suggest that an association between a binaural sound and a visual on a smartphone could be used by the general public.In the second part, we address the main question of the thesis, i.e., the contribution of binaural, and we conduct an experiment in a realistic context of use. Thirty subjects play an Infinite Runner video game in their daily lives. The game was developed for the occasion in two versions, a monophonic one and a binaural one. The experiment lasts five weeks, at a rate of two sessions per day, which relates to a protocol known as the “Experience Sampling Method”. We collect at each session notes of immersion, memorization and performance, and compare the notes between the monophonic sessions and the binaural ones. Results indicate a significantly better immersion in the binaural sessions. No effect of sound rendering was found for memorization and performance. Beyond the contribution of the binaural, we discuss about the protocol, the validity of the collected data, and oppose theoretical considerations to practical feasibility
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Vennin, Coralie. "Caractérisation et modélisation des facteurs associés à la symptomatologie dépressive chez les étudiants. : Une étude comparative entre différentes régions de la France hexagonale et La Réunion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0133.
Full textAbstract:
Lors du passage en études supérieures, les étudiants semblent vivre une expérience commune. Cependant, certains présentent des fragilités et sont plus vulnérables et susceptibles de développer des troubles dépressifs. Ceux-ci peuvent notamment pousser l'étudiant à arrêter ses études. Par conséquent, tenir compte de la santé mentale des étudiants et mieux les accompagner leurs permettraient d'éviter une rupture dans le parcours universitaire.La réussite aux examens universitaires, l'ampleur du travail personnel, l'incertitude d'une insertion professionnelle réussie, l'éloignement du cercle familial, la solitude ou encore les contextes sociaux, actifs et universitaires, sont autant de facteurs pouvant fragiliser l'étudiant.L'objectif de ce travail est d'identifier de tels indicateurs psychologiques et contextuels en vue de caractériser les facteurs associés à la dépression, à la fois inter et intra individuelle.Pour ce faire, les travaux de cette thèse ont été menés sur deux bases de données : la cohorte étudiante "i-Share" et les données d'une étude de mesures répétées en vie quotidienne.Une première étude a permis de faire l'état des lieux des troubles de santé mentale diagnostiqués chez les étudiants.Dans la deuxième étude, nous avons identifié des facteurs de vulnérabilité à la dépression en fonction de différents territoires français (Île-de-France, La Réunion, Bordeaux et les autres régions de France). Enfin, dans une troisième étude, nous avons développé une méthode mathématique et numérique afin d’analyser les variations émotionnelles et cognitives en vie quotidienne en tenant compte du facteur temps.Les résultats de la première étude ont montré que près de 3% des étudiants ont déclaré avoir reçu un diagnostic de dépression.La deuxième étude montre qu’en réalité 30% des étudiants présentent une symptomatologie dépressive et que les facteurs psychologiques et contextuels associés varient selon les territoires de France.Les résultats de la troisième étude ont mis en exergue de nouveaux indicateurs de variabilité intra-individuelle en lien avec avec la symptomatologie dépressive en vie quotidienne. Ensuite, nous avons caractérisé des profils présentant des variations du sentiment dépressif différents.Ces résultats sont discutés et nous proposons des axes de prévention à adapter contextuellement à la réalité territoriale et à la spécificité des profils étudiants, et ce afin de progresser en matière de politique de santé publique et universitaireDuring the transition to higher education, students seem to go through a commonly shared experience. However, some show weaknesses and are more vulnerable and prone to developing depressive disorders. These can namely trigger the student to quit studying. Therefore, taking student's mental health into account and providing them with better support could prevent a disruption of their academic journey. Success in university exams, the scale of personal work involved, concerns about the uncertainty of a successful professional integration, distance from family, solitude, as well as active and university social contexts are among many factors involved in weakening students.The objective of this work is to identify such psychological and contextual indicators that allow characterizing the variability of vulnerabilities to depression, both at inter- and intra-individual levels.This thesis work was carried out upon two databases: the French student cohort study "I-Share" and the data provided by a study involving repeated measurements in daily living.A first study allowed the situational analysis of mental health issues diagnosed among students.In a second study, we identified factors of vulnerability to depression depending on various French territories (Ile-de-France, Reunion Island, Bordeaux and "other regions of France").Lastly, in a third study we developed a mathematical and numerical method aimed at analyzing emotional and cognitive variations in daily life while taking into account the time component.Results from the first study showed that almost 3%of students declared having received a diagnosis of depression.The second study showed that in reality 30% of students present depression-type symptomatology and that associated psychological and contextual factors vary depending on French territories.The results of the third study highlighted new indicators of intra-individual variability related to the depressive symptomatology in daily life. Then, we characterized profiles with different depressive feelings.Results are discussed and we propose axes of development to adapt to each territory's reality and to the specificity of student profiles in order to progress in terms of public and university health
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Moreira, Julian. "Évaluer l'apport du binaural dans une application mobile audiovisuelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1243.
Full textAbstract:
Les terminaux mobiles offrent à ce jour des performances de plus en plus élevées (CPU, résolution de l’écran, capteurs optiques, etc.) Cela rehausse la qualité vidéo des services média, que ce soit pour le visionnage de contenu vidéo (streaming, TV, etc.) ou pour des applications interactives telles que le jeu vidéo. Mais cette évolution concernant l'image n'est pas ou peu suivie par l'intégration de systèmes de restitution audio de haute qualité dans ce type de terminal. Or, parallèlement à ces évolutions concernant l'image, des solutions de son spatialisé sur casque, à travers notamment la technique de restitution binaurale basée sur l'utilisation de filtres HRTF (Head Related Transfer Functions) voient le jour.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous proposons d’évaluer l’intérêt que peut présenter le son binaural lorsqu'il est utilisé sur une application mobile audiovisuelle. Une partie de notre travail a consisté à déterminer les différents sens que l’on pouvait donner au terme « application mobile audiovisuelle » et parmi ces sens ceux qui d’une part étaient pertinents et d’autre part pouvaient donner lieu à une évaluation comparative avec ou sans son binaural.Le couplage entre son binaural et visuel sur mobile occasionne en premier lieu une question d’ordre perceptive : comment peut-on organiser spatialement une scène virtuelle dont le son peut se déployer tout autour de l’utilisateur, et dont le visuel est restreint à un si petit écran ? La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à cette question. Nous menons une expérience visant à étudier le découplage spatial possible entre un son binaural et un visuel rendus sur smartphone. Cette expérience révèle une forte tolérance de l’être humain face aux dégradations spatiales pouvant survenir entre les deux modalités. En particulier, l’absence d’individualisation des HRTF, ainsi qu’un très grand découplage en élévation ne semblent pas affecter la perception. Par ailleurs, les sujets semblent envisager la scène « comme si » ils y étaient eux-mêmes directement projetés, à la place de la caméra, et cela indépendamment de leur propre distance à l’écran. Tous ces résultats suggèrent la possibilité d’une association entre son binaural et visuel sur mobile dans des conditions d’utilisation proches du grand public.Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous tentons de répondre à la question de l’apport du binaural en déployant une expérience « hors les murs », dans un contexte plausible d’utilisation grand public. Trente sujets jouent dans leur vie quotidienne à un jeu vidéo de type Infinite Runner, développé pour l’occasion en deux versions, une avec du son binaural, et l’autre avec du son monophonique. L’expérience dure cinq semaines, à raison de deux sessions par jour. Ce protocole procède de la méthode dite "Experience Sampling Method", sur l’état de l’art de laquelle nous nous sommes appuyés. Nous calculons à chaque session des notes d’immersion, de mémorisation et de performance, et nous comparons les notes obtenues entre les deux versions sonores. Les résultats indiquent une immersion significativement meilleure pour le binaural. La mémorisation et la performance ne sont en revanche pas soumises à un effet statistiquement significatif du rendu sonore. Au-delà des résultats, cette expérience nous permet de discuter de la question de la validité des données en fonction de la méthode de déploiement, en confrontant notamment bien-fondé théorique et faisabilité pratiqueIn recent years, smartphone and tablet global performances have been increased significantly (CPU, screen resolution, webcams, etc.). This can be particularly observed with video quality of mobile media services, such as video streaming applications, or interactive applications (e.g., video games). However, these evolutions barely go with the integration of high quality sound restitution systems. Beside these evolutions though, new technologies related to spatialized sound on headphones have been developed, namely the binaural restitution model, using HRTF (Head Related Transfer Functions) filters.In this thesis, we assess the potential contribution of the binaural technology to enhance the quality of experience of an audiovisual mobile application. A part of our work has been dedicated to define what is an “audiovisual mobile application”, what kind of application could be fruitfully experienced with a binaural sound, and among those applications which one could lead to a comparative experiment with and without binaural.In a first place, the coupling of a binaural sound with a mobile-rendered visual tackles a question related to perception: how to spatially arrange a virtual scene whose sound can be spread all around the user, while its visual is limited to a very small space? We propose an experiment in these conditions to study how far a sound and a visual can be moved apart without breaking their perceptual fusion. The results reveal a strong tolerance of subjects to spatial discrepancies between the two modalities. Notably, the absence or presence of individualization for the HRTF filters, and a large separation in elevation between sound and visual don’t seem to affect the perception. Besides, subjects consider the virtual scene as if they were projected inside, at the camera’s position, no matter what distance to the phone they sit. All these results suggest that an association between a binaural sound and a visual on a smartphone could be used by the general public.In the second part, we address the main question of the thesis, i.e., the contribution of binaural, and we conduct an experiment in a realistic context of use. Thirty subjects play an Infinite Runner video game in their daily lives. The game was developed for the occasion in two versions, a monophonic one and a binaural one. The experiment lasts five weeks, at a rate of two sessions per day, which relates to a protocol known as the “Experience Sampling Method”. We collect at each session notes of immersion, memorization and performance, and compare the notes between the monophonic sessions and the binaural ones. Results indicate a significantly better immersion in the binaural sessions. No effect of sound rendering was found for memorization and performance. Beyond the contribution of the binaural, we discuss about the protocol, the validity of the collected data, and oppose theoretical considerations to practical feasibility
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Petit, Sylvie. "Impact du cancer de la prostate sur la vie quotidienne du couple âgé." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21661/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les recherches récentes menées sur le cancer s’accordent sur le fait que l’âge serait un des principaux facteurs de risque (Tubiana, 2002). C’est notamment le cas du cancer de la prostate, la plupart des cas étant constatés entre 60 et 90 ans (âge moyen de détection : 73 ans). Les personnes âgées se trouvent alors confrontées à différentes problématiques afférentes à la vieillesse, dont le cancer fait partie. Faire face à cette maladie n’est pas le seul défi du patient âgé, le cancer perturbant sa vie au niveau de tout son environnement affectif et social. Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse à connaître l’impact psychologique du cancer de la prostate sur la vie quotidienne des patients âgés et de leurs épouses. Nous présentons les résultats menés auprès de 96 patients atteints du cancer de la prostate et de leur conjointe recrutés sur deux centres régionaux de lutte contre le cancer. Nous mettrons en place une nouvelle méthodologie : la méthode écologique d’échantillonnage des expériences qui se déroule sur 3 cycles d’évaluations durant 4 jours (en début de traitement, en milieu de traitement et en fin de traitement). Cette méthode nous permet d’établir les liens entre variables (/heure, /jour, /sujet, entre sujets et au sein du couple), et d’observer et de comparer l’ajustement des patients et de leur conjointe suivant différents âges (Swendsen, 1997 ; Czikszentmihalyi, 1984). Nos résultats mettent en évidence trois points essentiels : Tout d’abord il s’agit de distinguer les différences de ressentis et de stratégies de coping selon l’âge des couples pris en charge. Ensuite, le second point important de cette recherche est la notion d’inter individualité. Cette étude discrimine tout à fait les attitudes et les émotions que peuvent vivre au quotidien les patients des épouses. Enfin, le troisième point concerne le temps de la prise en charge. Il existe une réelle progression des ressentis et de l’ajustement psychologique des couples tout au long du traitement. Cette étude permet d’affiner nos connaissances sur le couple âgé confronté à la maladie et, plus spécifiquement, sur son ajustement émotionnel et sa qualité de vie lorsqu’il lui faut faire face au cancer de la prostate. Cette recherche est financée par la Ligue Nationale de Lutte Contre le Cancer, FranceRecent research consistently indicates that age is a major risk factor for cancer (Tubiana, 2002). Such is the case of prostate cancer, which is typically detected between the ages of 60 and 90 (average age of detection: 73 years). Coping with the physical effects of cancer is not the only challenge for elderly patients; cancer may also affect patient’s emotional and social lives as well. The current study presents results of an experience sampling study on the psychological impact of prostate cancer on the daily lives of elderly patients and their wives. We present data on 96 patients with prostate cancer and their spouse who were recruited from two Regional Center for the Fight Against Cancer in Bordeaux, France. Participants completed 3 daily assessments for 4 days (at the beginning of treatment, in the middle of treatment and at the end of treatment). The methodology has a number of advantages, including that it allows us to establish the relationship between variables (coping, quality of life, anxiety and depression), between subjects, and within the couple. The methodology also allows us to observe and compare the adjustment of patients and their partner following different ages (Swendsen, 1997, Czikszentmihalyi, 1984). Our results schowing three key points: First, we distinguiging the differences of feeling and coping strategies by spouses’age. The second point concern the concept of interindividual. This study discriminate behavior and emotions in everyday life of couples. The third important point concerns time management. There is an increased in feeling and psychosocial adjustement on the treatment. This study will help us to refine our knowledge and understanding of emotional adjustment and quality of life of patients with prostate cancer and their spouses. We will thus be able to realize the importance of taking into account the couple and not just patients in psychological interventions. This research is being funded by the National League for the Fight against Cancer, France
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Exler, Anja [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Beigl. "Investigating the Perceptibility of Smartphone Notifications and Methods for Context-Aware Data Assessment in Experience Sampling Studies / Anja Exler ; Betreuer: M. Beigl." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177147300/34.
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Foster, Jessica Bigazzi. "Child care disruptions and working mothers: An experience sampling method approach." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18527.
Full textAbstract:
Within the last three decades the number of single-parent and dual career families in this country have nearly doubled resulting in a steady increase in the demand for high-quality, safe child care to replace the care once traditionally provided by stay-at-home parents. Unfortunately, the supply of quality child care has not kept pace with the increasing demand, leaving parents to struggle with the stress of lower-than-desirable child care and the disruptions that occur when there is a failure in such arrangements (Kahn & Kamerman, 1987; Miller, 1990). An important implication of this struggle is the effect that it has on parents' ability to cope and function effectively at work. Past research on the interference of child care problems at work has been sparse and required parents to provide retrospective reports. The current study used an Experience Sampling Method (ESM) approach to examine the day-to-day experiences of working mothers with children in child care. Participants responded to questionnaires four times per day during work using a hand-held computer and recorded disruptions from caregiving responsibilities, psychological outcomes, and self-reported work outcomes. Results indicated that mothers experienced a considerable number of child care disruptions, which were related to more negative work outcomes, including decreased productivity and concentration; and more negative psychological outcomes, including increased stress levels and work-family conflict. Participants reported significantly more disruptions during daily recordings than by retrospective reporting of disruptions during the previous year, indicating that ESM may be capturing aspects of child care disruptions not encapsulated in previous retrospective studies. Several significant moderators of the relationship between child care disruptions and psychological outcomes were found, including individual differences, such as neuroticism, family involvement, and parent-child relationship closeness; and social support, including spousal support and supervisor support. However, no significant moderators of the relationship between child care disruptions and work outcomes were found.
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Liao, Yen-Yu, and 廖燕玉. "The Study of Everyday Creative Performance of High School Students: Using Experience-Sampling Method." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54xjbj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
創造力發展碩士在職專班
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The purpose of this study is to collect the activities records of everday creativity by using Exerience-Sampling Method and analyze the types of everyday creativity of high school students. 80 students sampled from 1 junior high school and 1 senior high school in Taiwan. The study tools were “Creative Logs for Junior and Senior High School Students” which is edited by the researcher, the “Creative Self-efficacy Scale”, “New Creative Thinking Test” and “Williams Creativity Disposition Scale”. Self-edited tool “Creative Logs for Junior and Senior High School Students” was applied to collect high school students’ daily creative behavior within two weeks. Then, content analysis was used to analyze high school students' activities record of everyday creativity and classify the types of creative performance and the frequency of calculation. According to these, researcher analyzed the everyday creativity of high school students. The results show that everyday creative performance of high school students can be classified into 6 types which includes experience of life, interaction of people, learning of knowledge, thinking of imagination, literature and art. In these, art has the highest frequency which is 34.63%. Interaction of people is the second which is 19.61%, and the others in sequence are experience of life 14.93%, learning of knowledge 14.83%, literature8.88%, and thinking of imagination has the least frequency 7.12%. Second, the types of high school students' creative activities have a significant difference due to their learning stages. Junior high school students have more creative activities, the quantities of whole creative activities and higher scores than senior high school students do in "learning of knowledge" and "art". Besides, girls have more creative activities, the quantities of whole creative activities and higher scores than boys do in “art”. Then, In the whole performance of High school students' everyday creativity has a significant relationship with creative product belief and creativity self-efficacy of "Creative self-efficacy scale". But they have low or middle positive correlation with "New Creative Thinking Test". Figure fluency, figure flexibility and figure originality of divergent thinking all reach significant level. They also have a significant relationship with imagination and challenge of “Williams Creativity Disposition Scale”. This study is the first essay which uses Experience-Sampling Method to investigate everyday creative performance in Taiwan, it also purifies that students’ everyday creativity can be measured by Experience-Sampling Method. We hope it would be a contribution to assessment and development of creativity. Finally, the study provides some suggestions for teaching guidance and future study.
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Wolfe, Rustin. "The Experience Sampling Method and career counseling : the interrelations of situated experience, work values, and career orientation among adolecents /." 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3006567.
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Oliveira, Andreia Manuela Pereira. "The experience sampling method in the context of the first episode of psychosis : ethical challenges for clinical research." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/51512.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021Introdução: A aplicação do Experience Sampling Method (ESM) tem vindo a aumentar no contexto de perturbações psiquiátricas. Apesar das múltiplas vantagens, este método pode causar um fardo (burden) demasiado alto. Assim, é importante o estudo do fardo em estudos utilizando o ESM em pessoas com primeiro episódio psicótico. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o fardo momentâneo através de informação obtida pelo ESM e a sua relação com 1) fardo avaliado retrospetivamente, 2) crítica para a sua perturbação, 3) adesão à metodologia. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo em indivíduos com primeiro episódio psicótico (n=28) utilizando o ESM através de smartphone durante 10 dias, com 8 questionários por dia. O fardo avaliado retrospetivamente, a adesão e o nível de crítica foram avaliados, assim como a sua relação com o fardo ao longo do estudo. Resultados: O uso de ESM no contexto de primeiro episódio psicótico não foi percecionado pelos indivíduos como oneroso e o fardo não foi considerado preditor de abandono do estudo. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que o ESM parece ser bem tolerado por indivíduos com diagnóstico recente de psicose, embora a existência de heterogeneidade inter-indivíduos aconselhe ainda alguma precaução.
Background: The use of smartphone-based Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in the context of psychiatric disorders has been increasing. A more exhaustive understanding of perceived momentary burden in patients with a first episode of psychosis in ESM studies is crucial. The objective of this study was to investigate patient-perceived momentary burden through ESM and clinician assessment ratings. Methods: Patients with a first episode of psychosis (n = 28) participated in a smartphone-based ESM 10-day monitoring period, signaled eight times per day. Our primary outcome was the momentary perceived burden. Results: The findings suggest that the use of ESM in the context of first episode of psychosis was not, on average, perceived by patients as burdensome and the momentary burden was not found to be a predictor of the drop-out status. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ESM is overall well tolerated by patients with a first episode of psychosis, however, inter-individual heterogeneity warrants some caution.
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Teixeira, Ana Maria Correia. "From psychopathology to optimal functioning: contributions to therapy in depressed adolescents." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/64623.
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Adolescent depression has alarming prevalence rates, mainly due to consequences of depression on
the psychosocial functioning of adolescents (Hankin et al. 2015). Some authors have suggested
combining strategies from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Positive Psychological Interventions
(PPI) to increase depression treatment success (Karwoski et al., 2017). This dissertation aimed to
develop a manualized individual therapy, entitled “Optimal Functioning Therapy for Adolescent” (OFTA,
Teixeira & Freire, 2014) for the treatment of depression. OFTA focus simultaneously on decreasing
depressive symptoms and achieving adolescent optimal functioning, by integrating and adapting
strategies from CBT and PPI. The second aim was to evaluate the contents and strategies of OFTA and
its structure. For this, we first conducted a case study with a female adolescent diagnosed with Major
Depressive Disorder. The assessment of OFTA was made using retrospective measures and the
Experience Sampling Method (ESM, Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1987) from baseline to a 4-month
follow-up. Findings showed an improvement in positive trait characteristics and reduction of depressive
symptoms; higher levels of momentary positive mood and self-satisfaction and lower levels of
momentary negative mood; as well as increased engagement and diversification of life contexts
(activities, places, and companies). Then, OFTA was assessed in a pilot study with 22 clinically
depressed adolescents recruited in a public hospital. This study also followed a longitudinal design
using retrospective measure. Results showed a statistically significant decrease of depressive symptoms
and negative affect and an increase of positive affect, self-esteem, and life satisfaction from baseline to
follow-up. In this pilot study, only 12 participants answered to ESM questionnaires. Findings from those
participants showed a decrease of depressive symptoms and negative affect and an increase in positive
affect (measured retrospectively and momentarily). Results on external contexts, showed that
participants increased time spent at home and in passive leisure activities. In general, this dissertation
shows promising results of OFTA for the treatment of adolescent depression and optimal functioning
enhancement, revealing the importance of integrating CBT and PPI strategies.A depressão na adolescência tem taxas de prevalência alarmantes, principalmente devido às consequências da depressão no funcionamento psicossocial dos adolescentes (Hankin et al. 2015). Alguns autores sugerem que combinar estratégias da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) com Intervenções da Psicologia Positiva (IPP) aumenta a probabilidade de sucesso do tratamento da depresssão (Karwoski et al., 2017). Esta dissertação procura, primeiramente, desenvolver uma intervenção individual manualizada para o tratamento da depressão, intitulada de “Terapia para o Funcionamento Ótimo de Adolescentes” (OFTA, Teixeira & Freire, 2014). A OFTA foca-se tanto na redução de sintomatologia depressiva como na promoção do funcionamento ótimo de adolescentes, através da integração da TCC e da IPP. O segundo objetivo é avaliar os conteúdos, as estratégias e a estrutura da OFTA. Para isso, primeiramente, realizou-se um estudo de caso como uma adolescente diagnosticada com Perturbação Depressiva Major. Foram usadas medidas retrospetivas e em tempo real, mais especificamente o Experience Sampling Method (ESM, Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1987), desde o momento pré-teste ao follow-up. Os resultados mostram aumentos nas dimensões positivas e uma redução nos sintomas depressivos; níveis mais elevados de afeto positivo momentâneo e autossatisfação; além de níveis mais baixos de afeto negativo momentâneo, bem como um maior envolvimento e diversificação dos contextos de vida (atividades, lugares e companhias). De seguida, foi realizado um estudo piloto com 22 adolescentes clinicamente deprimidos recrutados num hospital público. Este estudo segue um design longitudinal com medidas retrospetivas. Os resultados mostram uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa dos sintomas depressivos e do afeto negativo, e um aumento do afeto positivo, autoestima e satisfação com a vida, desde o pré-teste ao follow-up. Dos 22 participantes, apenas 12 responderam ao ESM no estudo piloto. Os resultados mostram uma diminuição dos sintomas depressivos e do afeto negativo, e um aumento do afeto positivo (retrospetivamente e em tempo real). Em relação aos contextos externos, os resultados mostram que os participantes aumentaram o tempo passado em casa e em atividades de lazer passivas. No geral, esta dissertação mostra resultados promissores da OFTA tanto para o tratamento da depressão em adolescentes como para a melhoria do seu funcionamento ótimo, através da integração da TCC e da IPP.
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(8797526), Xiaolin Shi. "An experience sampling study of hotel employees' subjective well-being: The job demands-resources approach." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
To capture the dynamic nature of frontline employees’ subjective well-being (SWB) and turnover intention in the hotel industry, this study used Affective Events Theory (Weiss & Cropanzano, 1996) and the unfolding model of employee voluntary turnover (Lee & Mitchell, 1994) to argue the short-term variability in SWB and turnover intention. Using the job demandsresources model (JD-R model) as the framework, this study examined the role of daily job
demands (challenge stressors, hindrance stressors, and emotional dissonance) and the role of daily job resources (supervisor support, coworker support, and job autonomy). Given that hotel employees work with different supervisors and co-workers and face various guest situations during each shift, these employees may face high work stress and workload. Furthermore, employees in this industry are often requested to perform non-routine tasks. Therefore, their work is highly associated with high job demands and resource variability. Moreover, the study results stress the importance of the moderating role of day-level job resources and the multilevel moderating effects of employees’ individual levels of resilience and self-efficacy.
The design of the study employed an experience sampling method. Participants were employees who are in guest-facing positions from food & beverage and front office departments in full-service or luxury hotels in the United States. Sixty-five participants completed a one-time baseline survey and a daily diary study twice per day for at least five working days, resulting in a total of 416 day-level observations. The data structure is day nested within each person. The multi-level data was analyzed by using multilevel linear modeling.
In summary, this study shows that SWB and turnover intention may not always be stable phenomena among hotel employees due to the daily influences of job demands and job resources. In addition, both personal resources and daily job resources were found to mitigate the negative daily influences of job demands. This study helps managers to better understand employees’ feelings on a daily basis and apply strategies for daily management of employee SWB and turnover intention.
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"Predicting Creativity in the Wild: Experience Sampling Method and Sociometric Modeling of Movement and Face-To-Face Interactions in Teams." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.9246.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: With the rapid growth of mobile computing and sensor technology, it is now possible to access data from a variety of sources. A big challenge lies in linking sensor based data with social and cognitive variables in humans in real world context. This dissertation explores the relationship between creativity in teamwork, and team members' movement and face-to-face interaction strength in the wild. Using sociometric badges (wearable sensors), electronic Experience Sampling Methods (ESM), the KEYS team creativity assessment instrument, and qualitative methods, three research studies were conducted in academic and industry R&D; labs. Sociometric badges captured movement of team members and face-to-face interaction between team members. KEYS scale was implemented using ESM for self-rated creativity and expert-coded creativity assessment. Activities (movement and face-to-face interaction) and creativity of one five member and two seven member teams were tracked for twenty five days, eleven days, and fifteen days respectively. Day wise values of movement and face-to-face interaction for participants were mean split categorized as creative and non-creative using self- rated creativity measure and expert-coded creativity measure. Paired-samples t-tests [t(36) = 3.132, p < 0.005; t(23) = 6.49 , p < 0.001] confirmed that average daily movement energy during creative days (M = 1.31, SD = 0.04; M = 1.37, SD = 0.07) was significantly greater than the average daily movement of non-creative days (M = 1.29, SD = 0.03; M = 1.24, SD = 0.09). The eta squared statistic (0.21; 0.36) indicated a large effect size. A paired-samples t-test also confirmed that face-to-face interaction tie strength of team members during creative days (M = 2.69, SD = 4.01) is significantly greater [t(41) = 2.36, p < 0.01] than the average face-to-face interaction tie strength of team members for non-creative days (M = 0.9, SD = 2.1). The eta squared statistic (0.11) indicated a large effect size. The combined approach of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) conducted on movement and face-to-face interaction data predicted creativity with 87.5% and 91% accuracy respectively. This work advances creativity research and provides a foundation for sensor based real-time creativity support tools for teams.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Computer Science 2011
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Couto, Fábia Filipa Martins Costelha de Sousa. "A experiência subjetiva da vida diária de pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e sua relação com bem-estar psicológico e satisfação com a vida." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/21239.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica)Procurou-se, neste estudo, definir o conceito de esquizofrenia e emoções, integrando-se várias perspetivas e conceções dos autores mais conceituados para estas definições. Paralelamente, abrindose o caminho para o estudo da experiência subjetiva ao nível das emoções e afetividade na esquizofrenia, bem como a sua relação com variáveis do funcionamento positivo (bem- estar psicológico, satisfação com a vida) nesta patologia. O presente estudo exploratório tem como objetivo, analisar a valência positiva e negativa dos afetos nas pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, em função das suas experiências diárias em termos das atividades realizadas, lugares frequentados e das companhias que têm, através de medidas diárias. Para além disso, pretendeu-se correlacionar medidas retrospetivas (medem a experiência global dos indivíduos): EBEP (escala de bem-estar psicológico), ESV (escala de satisfação com a vida), como medida do grau de satisfação com a vida e PANAS (escala de afeto positivo e negativo) como escala que mede a afetividade negativa e positiva. Neste estudo participaram 14 pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia que, há pelo menos três anos, se encontravam estáveis sobre o ponto de vista médico e a viver na comunidade. Os resultados demonstram que quando sozinhas, as pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, apresentam afetividade negativa, comparativamente à situação de estarem acompanhadas em que a afetividade é predominantemente positiva. A afetividade negativa prevalece quando estão a realizar atividades de tempo livre, o inverso acontece na atividade de “cuidados com o próprio” e “pensar”. Relativamente aos locais que frequentam, a afetividade negativa é predominante, quando se encontram na casa do próprio, na casa dos outros e no local de trabalho. Foram feitas correlações entre ESV, PANAS positivo e negativo, afetividade positiva e negativa do ESM e bem-estar psicológico. Na associação satisfação com a vida e a afetividade positiva do PANAS, verificou-se que existe uma correlação positiva significativa e a satisfação com a vida está positivamente correlacionada com o bem-estar psicológico. Quanto à afetividade do PANAS, há uma correlação negativa significativa entre a afetividade negativa do PANAS e o bem-estar psicológico.
This study sought to define the concept of schizophrenia and emotions, integrating multiple perspectives and conceptions of the most respected authors for these settings. We attempt to, opening the way for the study of subjective experience in terms of emotions and affectivity in schizophrenia and its relationship with variables of positive functioning (psychological well-being, satisfaction with life) in this pathology. This exploratory study aims to analyze the valence of positive and negative emotions in people with schizophrenia, according to their daily experiences in terms of activities, places frequented and companies who have, through daily measurements. In addition, we sought to correlate retrospective measures (measure the overall experience of the individuals): SPWB (scales that measure psychological well-being), SWLS (scale of satisfaction with life) as a measure of the degree of satisfaction with life and PANAS (Positive Affect and negative Affect scale) and scale that measures the positive and negative affectivity. In this study involved fourteen people diagnosed with schizophrenia, for at least three years, were stable on the medical point of view and live in the community. The results show that when alone, people diagnosed with schizophrenia have negative affectivity, compared to the state of being accompanied, in which the affection is predominantly positive. The prevailing negative affectivity when they are undertaking activities of free time, the reverse happens in the activity of "caring for himself" and "thinking." In relation to places that they frequent, negative affectivity is predominant when they meet at the home of their own, people's houses and in the workplace. Associations were made between SWLS, PANAS positive and negative, positive and negative affectivity ESM and psychological well-being. In association with life satisfaction and positive affectivity of the PANAS, it was found that there is a significant positive correlation and life satisfaction is positively correlated with psychological well-being. As for the PANAS affectivity is a significant negative correlation between the PANAS negative affectivity and psychological well-being.
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Beaudette, Danielle M. "Investigation of Social Dysfunction and Affect in Schizophrenia." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/22869.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Social dysfunction is a hallmark of schizophrenia and leads to significant disability and distress. Decreased positive and increased negative affect predict poorer social functioning in those with schizophrenia. Social functioning and affect have traditionally been measured in the laboratory; yet, these methods are limited. Experience sampling methods (ESM) offer more immediate, ecologically valid assessments of these constructs. The purpose of this study was to examine social functioning and affect in schizophrenia using a novel form of ESM that passively collects audio data. The two primary hypotheses were: 1) clinical status (schizophrenia versus control) will predict social functioning, level of positive affect, and level of negative affect; and 2) the relationship between clinical status and affect will be moderated by context (social versus non-social). Additional exploratory aims tested the convergent validity between traditional, laboratory-based assessments of social functioning and this novel ESM. Data was collected from 38 people with schizophrenia and 36 control participants; Results partially supported the hypotheses. As expected, laboratory measures of social functioning revealed that those with schizophrenia performed worse than controls. ESM measures of social functioning found that the schizophrenia group interacted with others at the same rate as the control group but did not exhibit as much social engagement. ESM measures of affect revealed the schizophrenia group reported more negative affect than controls, but no differences in positive affect were found. Social context did not moderate the relationship between clinical status and affect. Lastly, correlations between laboratory measures and ESM measures of social functioning were significant for the schizophrenia group but not the control group. Results further our understanding of social functioning and affect in those with schizophrenia and yield important implications for future work.
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(8894072), Danielle Margaret Beaudette. "Investigation of Social Dysfunction and Affect in Schizophrenia." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Social dysfunction is a hallmark of schizophrenia and leads to significant disability and distress. Decreased positive and increased negative affect predict poorer social functioning in those with schizophrenia. Social functioning and affect have traditionally been measured in the laboratory; yet, these methods are limited. Experience sampling methods (ESM) offer more immediate, ecologically valid assessments of these constructs. The purpose of this study was to examine social functioning and affect in schizophrenia using a novel form of ESM that passively collects audio data. The two primary hypotheses were: 1) clinical status (schizophrenia versus control) will predict social functioning, level of positive affect, and level of negative affect; and 2) the relationship between clinical status and affect will be moderated by context (social versus non-social). Additional exploratory aims tested the convergent validity between traditional, laboratory-based assessments of social functioning and this novel ESM. Data was collected from 38 people with schizophrenia and 36 control participants; Results partially supported the hypotheses. As expected, laboratory measures of social functioning revealed that those with schizophrenia performed worse than controls. ESM measures of social functioning found that the schizophrenia group interacted with others at the same rate as the control group but did not exhibit as much social engagement. ESM measures of affect revealed the schizophrenia group reported more negative affect than controls, but no differences in positive affect were found. Social context did not moderate the relationship between clinical status and affect. Lastly, correlations between laboratory measures and ESM measures of social functioning were significant for the schizophrenia group but not the control group. Results further our understanding of social functioning and affect in those with schizophrenia and yield important implications for future work.