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Academic literature on the topic 'Expectations'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Expectations"

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Van Zandt, Timothy, and Martin Lettau. "ROBUSTNESS OF ADAPTIVE EXPECTATIONS AS AN EQUILIBRIUM SELECTION DEVICE." Macroeconomic Dynamics 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2003): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100502010313.

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Dynamic models in which agents' behavior depends on expectations of future prices or other endogenous variables can have steady states that are stationary equilibria for a wide variety of expectations rules, including rational expectations. When there are multiple steady states, stability is a criterion for selecting among them as predictions of long-run outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to study how sensitive stability is to certain details of the expectations rules, in a simple OLG model with constant government debt that is financed through seigniorage. We compare simple recursive learning rules, learning rules with vanishing gain, and OLS learning, and also relate these to expectational stability. One finding is that two adaptive expectation rules that differ only in whether they use current information can have opposite stability properties.
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Lan, Feng, and Yu Chao Wang. "Study on Income Heterogeneous Expectations and Commercial Housing Price Fluctuations – Analysis Based on Regions of the East and the West in China." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 1203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.1203.

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The purpose of this paper is to analysis the effects of residents income, income heterogeneous expectations, housing price changes expectations on housing price fluctuations. The paper firstly adopts adaptive expectation method to quantify income heterogeneous expectations, based on the 2003-2012 relevant data of 23 provinces and autonomous regions of the East and the West, constructs the spatital model, and compares with the rational expectation method. Income of residents, income heterogeneous expectations and housing price changes expectations are set as explanatory variables, commodity housing price as dependent variable. The conclusion is drawn that that the increasing of income, income heterogeneous expectations and housing price changes expectations promotes commodity housing price, and the significance of adaptive expectation method in the research of expectation and housing price fluctuations is indicated.
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Gallagher, Adrian. "The Responsibility to Protect Ten Years on from the World Summit: A Call to Manage Expectations." Global Responsibility to Protect 7, no. 3-4 (October 30, 2015): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00704003.

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This article draws on non-Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) research into expectations to argue that in the aftermath of the intervention in Libya and non-intervention in Syria scholars have to manage RtoP expectations. In so doing, it introduces four types of expectations into the RtoP discourse: ‘expectation gaps’, ‘expectation vacuums’, ‘expectation clouding’, and ‘inherited expectations’ – the latter of which is this author’s own contribution to the discourse. To illustrate the utility of the expectations approach, the article focuses on the debate over inconsistency in order to highlight the role of expectation gaps and inherited expectations. Going forward, it calls for further research into RtoP expectation management to be conducted and identifies key debates which need to be addressed. Ultimately, it advances an understanding of the RtoP that is inherently more sensitive to its limitations and possibilities.
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Oh, Joon-Hee, and Judy Ma. "Multi-stage expectation-confirmation framework for salespeople expectation management." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 8 (October 1, 2018): 1165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-01-2018-0027.

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Purpose Despite its significance in salespeople management, salespeople expectation management has received little attention in the literature, especially in the industrial marketing literature. In response, the purpose of this study is to leverage the expectation confirmation theory to present a conceptual framework that provides an effective tool for salespeople expectation management. Design/methodology/approach This study first explores the application and strategic implications of expectation-confirmation theory in salespeople expectation management and theorizes that salespeople establish pre-expectations (expectations that are developed before joining the firm), experience multiple stages of the expectation-confirmation process throughout their sales career with a firm and – in each stage – establish either a longer-term commitment to or permanent disengagement from the firm. Findings A winning strategy for sales organizations is to recognize salespeople expectations and to meet or beat these expectations. Salespeople expectation management is particularly important in sales organizations that frequently find aligning sales force management strategies with organizational imperatives to be challenging. Research limitations/implications This study extends expectation-confirmation theory by presenting a conceptual framework that: identifies the existence of pre-expectations of salespeople and their outcomes; recognizes that the expectation-confirmation process occurs across multiple stages in the salespeople’s career cycle; recognizes that the level of expectations in previous stages of one’s career cycle influences the level of expectations in subsequent stages; and conceptualizes the non-linear relationship between expectations, tenure and turnover intentions. Originality/value The multiple expectation-confirmation framework can be used for effective salespeople expectation and turnover management and may also serve as a general model of organizational interventions.
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Kube, Tobias, Winfried Rief, Mario Gollwitzer, Thomas Gärtner, and Julia Anna Glombiewski. "Why dysfunctional expectations in depression persist – Results from two experimental studies investigating cognitive immunization." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 09 (August 22, 2018): 1532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718002106.

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AbstractBackgroundResearch has revealed that negative expectations impact depressive symptoms. However, research on the change of dysfunctional expectations in depression is lacking so far. Therefore, the present research aimed to fill this gap by testing the hypothesis that people with the major depressive disorder (MDD), contrary to healthy individuals, maintain their expectations despite experiences that positively disconfirm expectations. Further, it was hypothesized that cognitive immunization (a cognitive reappraisal of the disconfirming evidence) is a mechanism underlying the persistence of expectations.MethodIn Study 1, we compared individuals with MDD (N = 58) to healthy individuals (N = 59). Participants worked on the same performance test and received standardized feedback that either confirmed or disconfirmed their initial performance expectations. In Study 2, we investigated the effects of cognitive immunization on expectation change among 59 individuals reporting elevated levels of depression by varying the appraisal of expectation-disconfirming feedback.ResultsResults from Study 1 show that in the expectation-disconfirming condition, healthy individuals changed their expectations, whereas individuals with MDD did not. No such difference between the two groups was found for expectation-confirming feedback. Results from Study 2 indicated that varying cognitive immunization impacted expectation change, thus suggesting a crucial role of cognitive immunization in expectation change.ConclusionsThese two studies indicated that individuals suffering from depression have more difficulties in changing their expectations after disconfirming experiences than do healthy individuals, and cognitive immunization might be a core mechanism underlying expectation persistence. Therefore, psychotherapeutic interventions should aim to inhibit cognitive immunization processes to enhance expectation change.
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Wen, Ying, Fen Luo, and Hao Li. "The Impact of Aesthetic Expectations and Aesthetic Experiential Qualities on Tourist Satisfaction: A Case Study of the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park." Forests 15, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020378.

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Aesthetic expectations often constitute the primary focus in marketing nature-based tourist destinations. However, academic research has insufficiently explored the disparity between tourists’ aesthetic expectations and the actual aesthetic quality maintenance in shaping satisfaction. Employing the Expectation Confirmation Theory, this study utilized structural equation modeling techniques to analyze survey data (n = 446). It proposed and tested an Aesthetic Expectation Confirmation Model to examine the relationship between aesthetic expectations, experiential qualities, and tourist satisfaction in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. The empirical findings show that aesthetic expectations have a direct, negative impact on satisfaction, while aesthetic expectation confirmation has a positive direct impact on satisfaction. Moreover, aesthetic expectation confirmation also plays a mediating role in the influence of aesthetic expectations and experiential quality on satisfaction. Specifically, aesthetic expectations indirectly impact satisfaction negatively through aesthetic expectation confirmation, whereas aesthetic experiential qualities have a positive, indirect impact on satisfaction through the same process. These findings offer theoretical contributions to the literature on forest recreation aesthetics and hold practical significance for the planning and management of destination aesthetics.
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Pinquart, Martin, Julia C. Koß, and Helena Block. "How Do Students React When Their Performance Is Worse or Better Than Expected?" Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 52, no. 1-2 (January 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000222.

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Abstract. We analyzed grade level and sex differences for changes in expectations and coping with expectation violations, based on the ViolEx model. A sample of 114 third to sixth graders (male, n = 44, 38.6 %; female, n = 70, 61.4 %) reported their expected achievement in trials with no feedback, worse-than-expected achievement feedback, and better-than-expected feedback. Expectations improved across the no-feedback and better-than-expected feedback trials, and deteriorated across worse-than-expected trials. While expectation change did not vary by grade level or sex, reported coping with expectation violation did vary, and pupils of younger years reported higher attempts to fulfill their expectations (assimilative behavior). Immunization against worse-than-expected feedback was associated with higher expectations in the negative-feedback condition, but protective effects of immunization were lost with an increasing number of expectation violations. In addition, higher willingness to reduce one’s expectations (accommodation) inhibited the update of expectations after receiving better-than-expected feedback. Conclusions for future research are drawn.
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Shaver, Robert. "PROMISSORY OBLIGATION." History of Philosophy Quarterly 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/48563643.

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Abstract Henry Sidgwick grounds promissory obligation in an obligation not to disappoint expectations. After explaining the view, I note the two standard current objections to expectation views—creating expectations is neither necessary nor sufficient for promissory obligation. I then suggest how Sidgwick (or any expectation theorist) could respond: one should agree that raising expectations is not sufficient for promissory obligation, and one can find harms, other than disappointed expectations, to explain why there is promissory obligation in cases in which expectations are not raised.
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Henry, Jensen K., Andrew R. Roney, Amelia Hummel, Elizabeth Cody, Carol A. Mancuso, and Scott J. Ellis. "Great Expectations: Predicting Postoperative Expectation Fulfillment in Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Patients." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00046.

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Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: In foot and ankle surgery, the fulfillment of patients’ preoperative expectations is a unique and validated method to assess postoperative success. Expectation fulfillment is closely associated with postoperative outcomes, satisfaction, and patient-reported improvement. Ideally, foot and ankle patients should have realistic expectations of surgery so that they are appropriately prepared for their postoperative symptoms and function. Inappropriately high expectations may predispose to worse outcomes because patients have unrealistic views about what their surgery can actually accomplish. Conversely, inappropriately low expectations may represent a lack of motivation to improve or participate in rehabilitation and postoperative protocols. This study aimed to identify the relationship between preoperative expectations and postoperative fulfillment. These results may facilitate surgeon-patient communication and help patients prepare for their operation and their postoperative function. Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery at a single center were prospectively enrolled. Demographics, diagnosis, and outcomes surveys (Short Form [SF]-12, Foot & Ankle Outcome Score, improvement, satisfaction) were collected. Preoperatively, each patient completed the Expectations Survey (range 0-100, with 100 indicating maximum expectations), which asks about anticipated improvement in domains like pain, ambulation, function, and shoewear. Two years after surgery, for each expectation cited preoperatively, patients answered how much improvement they actually achieved. Using a ratio of the postoperative and preoperative scores, a Fulfillment Proportion (FP) was calculated, along with the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). This permitted identification of patients with unfulfilled, fulfilled, and surpassed expectations. Bivariate correlations, chi-square analyses, and multivariate regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to identify the relationship between preoperative expectations, clinical variables, and postoperative expectation fulfillment. Results: There were 271/340 (80%) patients with 2-year follow-up, with mean age 55.4 years and 65% female. Most common diagnoses were hallux valgus (25%), flatfoot (11%), hallux rigidus (11%), ankle arthritis (10%), and chronic tendon injury (9%). Expectation fulfillment differed significantly with extent of preoperative expectations (Figure). Patients with average/high expectations had higher rates of unfulfillment compared to patients with low preoperative expectations (40-41% vs. 22%). Rates of surpassed expectations were highest in patients with low preoperative expectations (23%) compared to average (12%) or high (0%) preoperative expectations (p<.001). In multivariate regression, the greatest predictor of postoperative FP was the preoperative expectations score (p<.001), and lower preoperative expectations conferred a 3.2x (95% CI 1.6-6.2) greater likelihood of more expectations fulfilled (p=.001). Conclusion: Preoperative expectations were a significant predictor of expectation fulfillment after foot and ankle surgery. Lower preoperative expectations were associated with fulfilled or surpassed expectations after surgery, whereas high preoperative expectations were significantly more likely to be unmet. These findings may help guide whether patients’ expectations are realistic or inappropriate preoperatively. It is imperative for surgeons to consider and discuss patients’ expectations prior to surgery to ensure they have an appropriate understanding of their potential outcome. Further research should be directed to the extent that patients’ preoperative expectations can be modified in order to maximize postoperative satisfaction.
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Singh, Ajit Kumar, and A. M. Rawani. "A Fuzzy Approach for Ranking of Student's Expectation From a Technical Institute." International Journal of Smart Education and Urban Society 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseus.2019040103.

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Due to high competition and less employability in the technical education sector, quality in technical education has turned out to be most extreme imperative criteria to deliver better educational services. For this reason, it is required to screen the expectation of the customer of the education sector for fulfilling their needs. With aim of this, this article first illustrates the identification of the customer of the education sector, then their expectations from an institute and finally a detailed ranking of each expectation which has been done. For the ranking of student's expectations, various authors have used a number of multi-criteria decision-making methods, but the vagueness of the result was not being handled in their research. Therefore, in this study, a fuzzy approach has been used to rank the various expectations of customers. The result of the study indicates that among all student expectations, the job-oriented expectation is the most important expectation and further, an ergonomics-based expectation and a sports-based expectation are the least important expectations of the students.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expectations"

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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Grape Expectations." Office of the Vice President Research, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2773.

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Oppelt, Camila Quevedo. "Teachers' expectations." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94698.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2011
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T14:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 293885.pdf: 973982 bytes, checksum: 7770cf8211260fbe95c91329a36e8807 (MD5)
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Smith, Carolyn M. "False Expectations: Patient Expectation and Experience of Dying in a Biomedical Community." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/110080.

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1998 Dozier Award Winner
It is widely recognized that the role of the physician has undergone dramatic changes in the last century changes which have serous implications for the patient-physician relationship. This is an ethnographic study examining how certain changes in the role and abilities of biomedical physicians have affected patient attitudes and expectations about end-of-life care. In-home interviews were conducted with eighteen persons age fifty-five and older, including a sample of Hemlock Society members. Results indicate a broad spectrum of end-of-life concerns including capacity, autonomy, pain, and burden to loved ones. Most participants reported a reluctance to begin a discussion of death or future deteriorating capacity with their physicians. Instead, when conversations about death were reported, they had been largely limited to the scenarios of catastrophic illness (e.g., hospitalization, ventilator, etc.) and the Living Will. While this discussion does not overlook the utility of the Living Will, it proposes that reliance on this document for preparing patients for end-of-life care is inadequate.
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Sidwell, Danny K. "Great Expectations: An Exploration of Student Academic Learning Expectations." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/394723.

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Student-centred learning (SCL) within nursing higher education represents a deliberate move away from historically utilised, traditional, behaviourist teaching approaches. The use of SCL is considered beneficial within higher education, with more meaningful, whole-person, and lifelong learning being created. Specifically, within nursing, SCL is positively viewed due to its apparent congruence to patient-centred care. The term is, however, ambiguous, lacking in clarity and definition, thus resulting in confusion about principles and how it is to be accomplished. Yet, there is general agreement that SCL and teaching methods should promote student activity and involvement and take student interests and expectations into account. This study focuses on one aspect of SCL – student expectations of learning – in the context of the teaching of a higher education nursing program that espouses SCL. The aim of this study is to investigate and explore the expectations of students toward their academic learning at the beginning of the first year of an undergraduate university nursing degree. More specifically, two research questions have been asked: 1. What are the expectations of first-year undergraduate nursing students toward their academic learning? 2. Do the expectations of first-year undergraduate nursing students include a preference for SCL? In order to answer these questions, a sequential qualitative-dominant explanatory mixed-method design was utilised, in which the quantitative research phase was used to develop the qualitative phase. A convenience sample of 300 (N = 300) first-year undergraduate nursing students were invited to engage in the project, with 32.66% (n = 98) completing the questionnaire and 3.67% (n = 11) participating in individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Questionnaire data were analysed through the latest edition of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with qualitative questionnaire data analysed using Leximancer software. Findings from this analysis, combined with information from the literature review, were used to develop a semi-structured interview schedule. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed based on the six phases of analysis as developed by Braun and Clarke. From the findings of the qualitative data, five key expectations were discovered in relation to students’ university study and academic learning: (1) less support would be provided at university, (2) there would be didactic teaching in tertiary education, (3) personal changes and learning freedom would be required, (4) learning preferences would be catered for by the university, and (5) an occupation-specific degree should include occupation-specific assessment. A sixth expectation was seemingly aligned with SCL (student involvement); however, it was not something explicitly expected or preferred. From these expectations, inferences are made concerning a preference by the students for some level of SCL; however, no explicit mention was made of any forms of pedagogical SCL by the participants within the study. With the university made aware of students’ expectations, educational changes could be made that incorporate these expectations and thus better meet the needs of the incoming first-year cohort. With the embedding of student expectations into a university’s educational focus, SCL may be able to move from the current rhetoric and penetrate education practice. Tailoring of teaching and resources that integrate these expectations and preferences would likely be a clear and practical way in which the university could deliver a model of SCL as indicated within curriculum documentation.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Education and Professional Studies Research (MEdProfStRes)
School Educ & Professional St
Arts, Education and Law
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Langenberg, Tobias. "Standardization and expectations." Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2671262&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Lövstrand, Christoffer, and Daniel Nilsson. "Kitchen Worktop Expectations." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-29298.

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IKEA was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad and is currently retailing in 44 different countries around the globe. With the implementation of 25 year warranty the importance to validate the quality have increased to satisfy the customer. The aim of this thesis have therefore been to find out the critical factors for kitchen worktops through the expectations of the customers. In addition to this the product development process was investigated to gain an understanding on how IKEA deals with customer complaints today. The thesis was divided in four stages. First the customers’ expectations were investigated by using the survey research method. The formulations of the questions are of great importance in this research method so that the information needed can be gathered without confusion and irritation. The critical factors of the kitchen worktops were also located in this survey and are out of the customer point of view. After the survey was done and the critical factors identified a concept generation phase was started to analyze possible ways of solving the issues with the kitchen worktops. Three proposals of concepts was generated; improvement in quality, improvement in the information communicated by IKEA, and a combination of these two. These proposals were analyzed against each other, against the survey and against the possible concrete gains. When the proposals of concepts were completed a decision to investigate the product development process was made and suggestions on how these critical factors could be found earlier in the process were made. Lastly a proposal of a database system for categorizations of the customer complaints when it comes to different defects were made and proposed to IKEA. Out from the information received by the survey these proposals could be made and the conclusion that scratches and to some extent heat was the most critical flaws, which would be the thing to focus further on. The product development process could also be improved to make it possible to take notice of these critical flaws earlier in the process. To summarize the project was successful and IKEA was really happy with the results, and the extra tasks that were added to this thesis. The first problem description was to only find the customers’ expectations but to get something out of this we added the proposals and the attempt to change the product development process when it comes to kitchen worktops.
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Han, Yong Qiang. "Policyholder's Reasonable Expectations." Hart Publishing, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17807.

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No
Over the past two decades, protecting contractual parties’ reasonable expectations has incrementally gained judicial recognition in English contract law. In contrast, however, the similar ‘doctrine’ of ‘policyholder’s reasonable expectations’ has been largely rejected in English insurance law. This is injurious, firstly, to both the consumer and business policyholder’s reasonable expectations of coverage of particular risks, and, secondly, to consumer policyholder’s reasonable expectations of bonuses in with-profits life insurance. To remedy these problems, this book argues for an incremental but definite acceptance of the conception of policyholder’s reasonable expectations in English insurance law. It firstly discusses the homogeneity between insurance law and contract law, as well as the role of (reasonable) expectations and their relevance to the emerging duty of good faith in contract law. Secondly, following a review and re-characterisation of the American insurance law ‘doctrine’ of reasonable expectations, the book addresses the conventional English objections to the reasonable expectations approach in insurance law. In passing, it also rethinks the approach to the protection of policyholder’s reasonable expectations of bonuses in with-profits life insurance through a revisit to the (in)famous case Equitable Life Assurance Society v Hyman [2000] UKHL 39, particularly to its relevant business and regulatory background.
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Alves, Maria Inês Mósca. "A formação como optimização do potencial humano. Motivações e expectativas dos formandos dos "cursos de educação e formação"." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15359.

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A formação como optimização do potencial humano. Motivações e Expectativas dos formandos dos “Cursos de Educação e Formação” No contexto organizacional actual, a formação assume-se como um imperativo, consistindo num input para a obtenção de vantagens competitivas. A formação permitirá aprofundar/desenvolver novas competências e conhecimentos nos indivíduos, traduzindo-se em criatividade e inovação, indispensáveis à sobrevivência de uma organização. É nesta óptica que surge o presente relatório, resultante de um estágio na Forward Skills, empresa de consultoria e formação profissional, onde foram desempenhadas as mais variadas actividades na área da formação, e do qual resultou um estudo sobre motivações e expectativas de formandos de Cursos de Educação e Formação (CEF). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são discutidos de acordo com as contribuições teóricas acerca da motivação e expectativas criando, deste modo, um leque de sugestões para que a organização melhore os seus processos e consiga motivar os seus formandos; ABSTRACT:Formation as a human potential optimization. Student motivation and expectations in Educational and Training Courses. In the current organizational context, the training is assumed as an imperative, it’s an input in the way or gain of competitive advantage. The training will enhance/develop new skills and knowledge in individuals, translated in creativity and innovation, essentials to the survival of an organization. This is the major perspective that guides this report, that was the result of an internship at Forward Skills, a consultancy and formation company, where are performed several activities in the area of training, and resulted also the study of motivations and expectations of students from Educational and Training Courses. The results of this study are discussed according to the theoretical contributions about motivations and expectations. This allowed a range of suggestions that can be used in the improvement of the organizational processes, and in the motivation of their students.
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Marques, Ana Sofia Batista. "A importância da gestão das expectativas dos colaboradores no aumento da motivação e do comprometimento organizacional: estudo de caso." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18563.

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O panorama atual da sociedade e das organizações carece de compreender e conhecer se as competências dos colaboradores estão ou não a ser aproveitadas dentro da organização e/ou se as suas necessidades profissionais e pessoais estão a ser valorizadas. O presente estudo pretende evidenciar a importância da gestão das expectativas na motivação e comprometimento organizacional de 152 colaboradores de uma organização do setor farmacêutico português. A análise quantitativa dos dados foi realizada através do software SPSS e a qualitativa através de matrizes de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram quais são as expectativas dos colaboradores desde a sua integração, os fatores que contribuem para os elevados níveis de motivação e comprometimento e como o trabalho desenvolvido pelas chefias comtempla a gestão das expectativas e motivações. Consideramos que as expectativas são um pilar fulcral na gestão das equipas em prol da motivação e do comprometimento; The importance of managing the expectations of employees in increasing the motivation and organizational commitment – Case Study Abstract: The current situation of society and organizations lack the understanding and knowing that the skills of employees are either not being utilized within the organization and / or their professional and personal needs are being valued. This study aims to highlight the importance of managing expectations in motivation and organizational commitment of 152 employees of an organization of the Portuguese pharmaceutical sector. The quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS software and qualitative matrices through content analysis. The results show what the expectations of employees since its integration, the factors contributing to the high levels of motivation and commitment and how the work done by managers contemplates the management of expectations and motivations. We believe that the expectations are a key pillar in the management of teams for the sake of motivation and commitment.
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Friedland, Jeffrey A. "Community expectations matching government capabilities to the expectations of the public /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FFriedland.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Woodbury, Glen ; Bach, Robert. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 23, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p.81-87). Also available in print.
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Books on the topic "Expectations"

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Arnon, Arie, Warren Young, and Karine van der Beek, eds. Expectations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41357-6.

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Reed, Kit. @Expectations. New York: Forge, 2001.

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Reed, Kit. @expectations. New York: Forge, 2000.

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Deborah, Case, and Derderian Sharon, eds. Expectations. Troy, Mich: Iliad Press, 1992.

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Expectations. Eugene, Or: Harvest House Publishers, 2005.

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Branch, William A. Expectational stability in regime-switching rational expectations models. Kansas City [Mo.]: Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2007.

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1812-1870, Dickens Charles, ed. Great expectations. London: Admiral Books, 1985.

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Dickerson, Karle. Great expectations. New York, NY: HarperEntertainment, 2002.

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Grey expectations. Sutton, Surrey: Severn House Large Print, 2015.

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Tangled expectations. Victoria, BC, Canada: FriesenPress, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expectations"

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Ellenbroek, Bart, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Martina de Zwaan, Sarah Parylak, Pietro Cottone, Eric P. Zorrilla, et al. "Expectations." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 520. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3252.

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Blom, Gunnar. "Expectations." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 96–115. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3566-8_6.

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Nazarinia Roy, Roudi, Walter R. Schumm, and Sonya L. Britt. "Expectations." In Transition to Parenthood, 111–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7768-6_6.

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Petrakis, Panagiotis E. "Expectations." In Theoretical Approaches to Economic Growth and Development, 173–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50068-9_7.

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Blackburn, Barbara R., and Abbigail Armstrong. "Expectations." In Rigor in the 6–12 Math and Science Classroom, 37–59. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315176055-3.

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Moore, Don A. "Expectations." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 523–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-00772-8_479.

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Kim, Jasper. "Expectations." In Persuasion, 58–78. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge focus on classical studies: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351113717-6.

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Riches, Adam. "Expectations." In Teach Smarter, 59–74. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003016236-6.

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Sovacool, Benjamin K. "Expectations." In Visions of Energy Futures, 192–226. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2019] | Series: Routledge studies in energy transitions: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367135171-7.

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Blackburn, Barbara R., and Melissa Miles. "Expectations." In Rigor in the 6–12 ELA and Social Studies Classroom, 39–61. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351062060-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expectations"

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Kaminski, Benjamin Lucien, and Joost-Pieter Katoen. "A weakest pre-expectation semantics for mixed-sign expectations." In 2017 32nd Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lics.2017.8005153.

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Blackwell, Lindsay, Emma Gardiner, and Sarita Schoenebeck. "Managing Expectations." In CSCW '16: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819928.

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Korte, Jessica, Leigh Ellen Potter, and Sue Nielsen. "Great expectations." In the 52nd ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2599990.2600008.

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Fiesser, Andreas. "Balance expectations." In EuroPLoP 2015: 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2855321.2855356.

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Dodis, Yevgeniy, and Yu Yu. "Overcoming weak expectations." In 2012 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw.2012.6404636.

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Sandhawalia, Harsimrat, and Herve Jegou. "Searching with expectations." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2010. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495403.

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Haspiel, Jacob, Na Du, Jill Meyerson, Lionel P. Robert Jr., Dawn Tilbury, X. Jessie Yang, and Anuj K. Pradhan. "Explanations and Expectations." In HRI '18: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3173386.3177057.

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Wang, April Y., Ryan Mitts, Philip J. Guo, and Parmit K. Chilana. "Mismatch of Expectations." In CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174085.

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Vetter, J. S., and P. H. Worley. "Asserting Performance Expectations." In ACM/IEEE SC 2002 Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sc.2002.10046.

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Bao, Jialu, Nitesh Trivedi, Drashti Pathak, Justin Hsu, and Subhajit Roy. "Data-Driven Invariant Learning for Probabilistic Programs (Extended Abstract)." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/712.

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The weakest pre-expectation framework from Morgan and McIver for deductive verification of probabilistic programs generalizes binary state assertions to real-valued expectations to measure expected values of expressions over probabilistic program variables. While loop-free programs can be analyzed by mechanically transforming expectations, verifying programs with loops requires finding an invariant expectation. We view invariant expectation synthesis as a regression problem: given an input state, predict the average value of the post-expectation in the output distribution. With this perspective, we develop the first data-driven invariant synthesis method for probabilistic programs. Unlike prior work on probabilistic invariant inference, our approach learns piecewise continuous invariants without relying on template expectations. We also develop a data-driven approach to learn sub-invariants from data, which can be used to upper- or lower-bound expected values. We implement our approaches and demonstrate their effectiveness on a variety of benchmarks from the probabilistic programming literature.
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Reports on the topic "Expectations"

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Brunnermeier, Markus, and Jonathan Parker. Optimal Expectations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10707.

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Carroll, Christopher, and Tao Wang. Epidemiological Expectations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30605.

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Dominitz, Jeff, and Charles Manski. Using Expectations Data to Study Subjective Income Expectations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4937.

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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 36: October, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008093.

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The September 2013 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that average growth expectations have remained constant while average inflation expectations increased. Still, expected 2013 growth fell in Mexico by some 0. 4% comparing the September to August surveys, while other countries saw rebounds - Brazil (0. 2%), Paraguay (0. 1%), and Uruguay (0. 1%). The simple average inflation expectation for the region for 2013 is 4. 4%, whereas the simple average expectation for growth remained at 4. 5%, although GDP weighted growth increased to 2. 6%. Inflation expectations fell in Guatemala (0. 1%) and rose in Paraguay (0. 1%), Peru (0. 2%) and Uruguay (0. 2%).
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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 35: September, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008091.

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The August 2013 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that growth expectations have fallen while average inflation expectations remained constant. The simple average inflation expectation for the region for 2013 is 4. 4%, whereas the simple average expectation for growth is now 4. 5%, although GDP weighted growth fell to 2. 5%. Expected growth for 2013 fell in Mexico by some 0. 9% comparing the August to July surveys, while other countries saw milder declines - Brazil (0. 1%), Chile (0. 1%), Colombia (0. 1%) and Peru (0. 3%). Inflation expectations fell in Guatemala (0. 1%) and Mexico (0. 1%) and rose in Chile (0. 1%) and Peru (0. 2%).
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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 34: August, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008087.

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The July 2013 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that growth expectations have fallen while average inflation expectations remained constant. The simple average inflation expectation for the region for 2013 is 4. 4%, whereas the simple average expectation for growth is now 4. 6%, although GDP weighted growth fell to 2. 8%. Inflation expectations fell in Brazil (0. 1%) and Mexico (0. 2%) and rose in Colombia (0. 1%), Guatemala (0. 3%) and Uruguay (0. 1%). Expected growth fell in Brazil (0. 2%), Chile (0. 2%), Mexico (0. 2%), Paraguay (0. 1%), Peru (0. 2%) and Uruguay (0. 1%) and remained stable in Colombia and Guatemala.
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Bekaert, Geert, and Robert Hodrick. Expectations Hypotheses Tests. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7609.

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Papageorge, Nicholas, Seth Gershenson, and Kyung Min Kang. Teacher Expectations Matter. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25255.

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Leeper, Eric. Anchoring Fiscal Expectations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15269.

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Gennaioli, Nicola, Yueran Ma, and Andrei Shleifer. Expectations and Investment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21260.

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