Journal articles: 'Expansion phase'

1

Partamies, N., L. Juusola, E. Tanskanen, and K. Kauristie. "Statistical properties of substorms during different storm and solar cycle phases." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 2 (February 27, 2013): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-349-2013.

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Abstract. Substorm properties during different storm phases have been studied using an automated recognition of substorm and storm phases in the auroral electrojet (AL) and ring current (Dst) index data from 1995–2009. The large number of events (about 500 storms and 15 000 substorms) provides statistically reliable distributions, average behaviour and long time series of simple parameters, such as durations and intensities. The phases of storms and substorms have been examined independently. Substorm phases have been further combined to single and multi-cycle events. The former consist of one growth, one expansion and one recovery phase, while the latter include multiple expansion and recovery phases after one growth phase. Our findings show that most substorms take place during non-storm times, and substorms during storm initial phases resemble isolated non-storm time substorms. Both during storm initial phases and non-storm times, the substorm growth phases may last longer than the other substorm phases. Substorm recovery phase is typically the longest phase but its duration also varies most. The longest substorm recovery phase duration was observed during multi-cycle substorms. The longest substorm expansion and storm main phases were found during the years close to the solar maximum. The shortest substorm events (the shortest phase durations) are the single-cycle substorms. The period of expansion onsets during multi-cycle substorms varied hugely for events with a small number of expansion phases. For events with a larger number of expansions, a clearer periodicity of about one hour (median value) was suggested.

2

Garcés, Gerardo, Guillermo Requena, Domonkos Tolnai, Pablo Pérez, Paloma Adeva, José A. Jiménez, Andreas Stark, and Norbert Schell. "Thermal expansion behaviour of Long-Period Stacking Ordered (LPSO) phase." Revista de Metalurgia 51, no. 2 (May 22, 2015): e043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.043.

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Fay, Stéphane. "ΛCDM periodic cosmology." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 2183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa940.

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ABSTRACT We examine the possibility that Universe expansion be made of some Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) expansions repeating periodically, separated by some inflation- and radiation-dominated phases. This so-called ΛCDM periodic cosmology is motivated by the possibility that inflation and the present phase of accelerated expansion be due to the same dark energy. Then, in a phase space showing the variation of matter density parameter Ωm with respect to this of the radiation Ωr, the curve Ωm(Ωr) looks like a closed trajectory that Universe could run through forever. In this case, the end of the expansion acceleration of the ΛCDM phase is the beginning of a new inflation phase. We show that such a scenario implies the coupling of matter and/or radiation to dark energy. We consider the simplest of these ΛCDM periodic models i.e. a vacuum energy coupled to radiation. From matter domination phase to today, it behaves like a ΛCDM model, then followed by an inflation phase. But a sudden and fast decay of the dark energy into radiation periodically ends the expansion acceleration. This leads to a radiation-dominated Universe preceding a new ΛCDM type expansion. The model is constrained with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations using supernovae, Hubble expansion, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and cosmic microwave background data and fits the data as well as the ΛCDM one.

4

Pope, Michael Aidan. "Expansion, Reform, and Homogenisation." Church History and Religious Culture 104, no. 1 (March 26, 2024): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10065.

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Abstract This article argues that proselytising across the Iberian Atlantic during the early modern period occurred in three historical phases. The first such phase is one of expansion, in which many mass conversion took place without much attention to catechising (1492–1539). The second phase is reforming in nature, as debates on how best to educate the converted in their new faith developed (1540–1579). The third and final phase is homogenising, as the ways in which all the newly converted groups were expected to behave were consolidated around the image of the Old Christin nobility (1580–1640). The sources used in this article include papal bulls, royal decrees, and catechisms, which have been analysed alongside the current historiography.

5

Varga, Tamas, Julianna L. Moats, Sergey V. Ushakov, and Alexandra Navrotsky. "Thermochemistry of A2M3O12 negative thermal expansion materials." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 9 (September 2007): 2512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0311.

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The enthalpies of the monoclinic to orthorhombic transition for a series of A2M3O12 (A = Al, Cr, Fe, In, and Sc; M = Mo or W) compounds were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and entropies of transition were estimated. The enthalpies of formation from the binary oxides at 25 °C for several A2M3O12 samples were obtained from drop solution calorimetry in molten 3Na2O·4MoO3 at 702 °C. The monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of Sc2Mo3O12 and Sc2W3O12 are the only phases that are enthalpically stable under ambient conditions. The enthalpies of formation from the oxides (ΔHf,ox) for orthorhombic Sc2Mo3O12 and Sc2W3O12 are −47.2 ± 2.1 kJ/mol and −8.5 ± 2.7 kJ/mol, respectively. For Fe2Mo3O12, In2Mo3O12, and In2W3O12, ΔHf,ox values are 51.5 ± 4.5, 7.4 ± 2.9, and 44.5 ± 2.3 kJ/mol, respectively. These phases are entropically stabilized and/or metastable. Enthalpies of formation for phases that could not be measured by calorimetry have been estimated from the enthalpies of transition or trends in the enthalpies of formation. In general, the monoclinic phase is slightly enthalpically stabilized over the orthorhombic phase, while transition to the orthorhombic phase is entropically favored. This confirms that the orthorhombic phase is stable at high temperatures, the monoclinic is stable at low temperatures, and the monoclinic to orthorhombic transition is reversible.

6

Krithika, P., P. Gajalakshmi, and J. Revathy. "Experimental and Analytical Study on Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Self-Stressed Concrete." Buildings 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020385.

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Expansive cement is a unique type of cement that, when mixed with water, produces a paste which expands in volume significantly more than standard Portland cement. This expansion nullifies the deficit of shrinkage that arises during concrete hardening. This paper presents the outcomes of two phases of experimentation. Phase I of the paper provides a summary of the performance of expansive cement concrete mixes prepared with various proportions of expansive cement, which partially supplements the ordinary Portland cement, and which is infused with varying amounts of PVA fibers of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%, as a form of reinforcement under compression, tension, and flexure. Concrete strength, curing effect, and PVA fibers are the variables in Phase I of the study. The Phase II findings provide the buckling behavior of the self-stressed concrete columns reinforced with PVA fibers when the optimum concrete mix obtained from the Phase I investigation was poured inside steel tubes of varying thicknesses of 2 mm and 2.5 mm to restrict the expansion of the concrete, thereby making it self-stressed concrete. The D/t ratio, inclusion of expansive cement, and PVA fibers are the variables for Phase II of the study. The self-stressed columns with 2% PVA fibers showed better performance than the other columns.

7

Lyons, L. R., and C. Y. Huang. "Plasma sheet expansion at r = 15 - 22 RE: A recovery phase or expansion phase phenomenon?" Journal of Geophysical Research 99, A6 (1994): 10995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93ja02720.

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8

Dvorak, G. J. "Thermal Expansion of Elastic-Plastic Composite Materials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171852.

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Exact relationships are derived between instantaneous overall thermal stress or strain vectors and instantaneous overall mechanical stiffness or compliance, for two binary composite systems in which one of the phases may deform plastically. Also, the local instantaneous thermal strain and stress concentration factors are related in an exact way to the corresponding mechanical concentration factors. The results depend on instantaneous thermoelastic constants and volume fractions of the phases. They are found for fibrous composites with two distinct elastically isotropic or transversely isotropic phases, and for any binary composite with elastically isotropic phases. The results indicate that in the plastic range the thermal and mechanical loading effects are coupled even if the phase properties do not depend on changes in temperature. The derivation is based on a novel decomposition procedure which shows that spatially uniform elastic strain fields can be created in certain heterogeneous media by superposition of uniform phase eigenstrains with local strains, caused by piecewise uniform stress fields which are in equilibrium with prescribed surface tractions. The method is extended to discretized microstructures, and also to the analysis of moisture absorption and phase transformation effects on overall response and on local fields in the two composite materials.

9

Fukuda, Koichiro, and Hiroyuki Matsubara. "Anisotropic thermal expansion in yttrium silicate." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 7 (July 2003): 1715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0236.

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In this study, crystals of Y2SiO5 were examined by high-temperature powder x-ray diffractometry to determine the changes in unit-cell dimensions with temperatures up to 1273 K for the X1 phase (the low-temperature phase, space group P121/c1) and 1473 K for the X2 phase (the high-temperature phase, space group I12/a1). The lattice deformations of both phases induced by thermal expansion were investigated by matrix algebra analysis to determine the directions and magnitudes of the principal distortions (λi, i = 1, 2, and 3). For the X1 phase, λ1 and λ2 invariably showed a positive thermal expansion. On the other hand, λ3 showed a negative thermal expansion below 1173 K; the maximum contraction of 0.10(4)% occurred at 685 K. The λ2 axis invariably coincides with the crystallographic b axis. The directions of λ1 and λ3, defined by the acute angle λ3 ^ c changed between 53(3)° (T = 394 K) and 45(1)° (T = 788 K). For the X2 phase, all of the principal distortions steadily increased with increasing temperature. The angle λ3 ^ c steadily decreased from 71(2)° to 62.1(1)° with increasing temperature. The mean linear thermal expansion coefficients were, when compared at the same temperatures, necessarily higher for the X1 phase than for the X2 phase. The lattice change of X1–RE2SiO5 (RE = Y and Yb–La), which was induced by the substitution of rare-earth (RE) ions, showed a striking resemblance with the lattice deformation of X1-Y2SiO5, which was caused by the thermal expansion. Because the lattice change of the former must be caused by the isotropic expansion of the RE sites, the anisotropic thermal expansion of the latter would be essentially attributable to the isotropic thermal expansion of the YO9 and YO7 polyhedron.

10

Navarro-Vargas, José Ricardo, Arturo José Parada-Baños, and Javier Eduardo Bejarano-Daza. "Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia's expansion." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 70, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): e106110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v70n2.106110.

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The processes required to implement the phases of the of the Institutional and Academic Expansion Plan of the Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia (HUN) were presented as a priority in the work proposal of the Dean’s Office of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) for the period 2020-2022. This plan was developed under the current administration of the faculty and the university, and its goal was to broaden the global concept of what was known as Phase II and is now known as the Expansion Phase.

11

Allen, Simon, Rebecca J. Ward, Matthew R. Hampson, Richard K. B. Gover, and John S. O. Evans. "Structures and phase transitions of trigonal ZrMo2O8 and HfMo2O8." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 60, no. 1 (January 21, 2004): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768103025138.

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This paper describes the structures, thermal-expansion properties and phase transitions of the trigonal forms of ZrMo2O8 and HfMo2O8. Both phases adopt a P\overline 3 m structure at room temperature and show positive thermal expansion. Both phases also undergo a displacive phase transition at high temperature (ZrMo2O8 at 487 K and HfMo2O8 at 463 K) to a higher-symmetry structure that has lower thermal expansion. The structure of the high-temperature α′-AMo2O8 form (A = Zr and Hf) has been refined from powder diffraction data in space group P\overline 3m1.

12

Figueiredo, Ana S., Joana R. Loureiro, Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro, and Isabel Silveira. "Advances in Nucleotide Repeat Expansion Diseases: Transcription Gets in Phase." Cells 12, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12060826.

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Unstable DNA repeat expansions and insertions have been found to cause more than 50 neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular disorders. One of the main hallmarks of repeat expansion diseases is the formation of abnormal RNA or protein aggregates in the neuronal cells of affected individuals. Recent evidence indicates that alterations of the dynamic or material properties of biomolecular condensates assembled by liquid/liquid phase separation are critical for the formation of these aggregates. This is a thermodynamically-driven and reversible local phenomenon that condenses macromolecules into liquid-like compartments responsible for compartmentalizing molecules required for vital cellular processes. Disease-associated repeat expansions modulate the phase separation properties of RNAs and proteins, interfering with the composition and/or the material properties of biomolecular condensates and resulting in the formation of abnormal aggregates. Since several repeat expansions have arisen in genes encoding crucial players in transcription, this raises the hypothesis that wide gene expression dysregulation is common to multiple repeat expansion diseases. This review will cover the impact of these mutations in the formation of aberrant aggregates and how they modify gene transcription.

13

Dvorak, George J., and Tungyang Chen. "Thermal Expansion of Three-Phase Composite Materials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176099.

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Exact expressions are found for overall thermal expansion coefficients of a composite medium consisting of three perfectly-bonded transversely isotropic phases of cylindrical shape and arbitrary transverse geometry. The results show that macroscopic thermal expansion coefficients depend only on the thermoelastic constants and volume fractions of the phases, and on the overall compliance. The derivation is based on a decomposition procedure which indicates that spatially uniform elastic strain fields can be created in certain heterogeneous media by superposition of uniform phase thermal strains with local strains caused by piecewise uniform stress fields, which are in equilibrium with prescribed surface tractions. The procedure also allows evaluation of thermal stress fields in the aggregate in terms of known local fields caused by axisymmetric overall stresses. Finally, averages of local fields are found with the help of known mechanical stress and strain concentration factors.

14

Smerzi, Augusto. "Semiclassical expansion theory in phase space." Physical Review A 52, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 4365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.52.4365.

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15

Nie, Shufang, Yang Liu, Qiong Liu, Meili Wang, and Hejin Wang. "Phase transitions and thermal expansion of BaCO3 and SrCO3 up to 1413 K." European Journal of Mineralogy 29, no. 3 (July 12, 2017): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2612.

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16

Chang, Yuan. "Financial Soundness Indicator, Financial Cycle, Credit Cycle and Business Cycle－Evidence from Taiwan." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n4p166.

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<p>Business cycle is the repeated expansions (from trough to peak) and contractions (from peak to trough) of real economic activity. Credit cycle is the cyclical process of the bank credit, ranging from short/long-term, loan to enterprise and loan to individual. Financial cycle reflects ups and downs in asset prices and financial institution's balance sheet. This paper examines the linkage among cycles as well as their lead-lag relationship. Theoretically, credit cycle is one of reasons driving business cycle, and financial cycle is a fundamental cause of credit cycle. Based on Taiwan’s quarterly data, this paper firstly identifies cyclical behavior of indicators of real economic activity, bank credit and assets prices in recent decade by defining expansion phases and contraction phases of cyclical variables. Second, this paper calculates concordance index to examine the degree of synchronization among cycles. Third, while the soundness for assets and liabilities of financial institution may drive financial cycle, this paper employs IMF’s Financial Soundness Indicator (FSI) as predictor of expansion and contraction phase of cyclical variables. Specifically, the paper assesses the health of bank’s balance sheet variables by Probit estimation on linkage between FSIs and expansion/contraction phase of cycle. Based on empirical evidence, the knowledge about the extent of assets/liability condition of financial institution corresponding to the expansion and contraction phase of financial, credit and business cycle is enhanced. Authority concerning about financial stability should oversight the performance of FSIs and then engage in prompt corrective actions when the level and volatility of those indicators sharply.</p>

17

FISHMAN, R. S. "THE 1/z EXPANSION FOR MAGNETS AND JOSEPHSON ARRAYS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no. 22 (November 20, 1992): 3483–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001596.

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Expansions in the inverse of the coordination number z have proved very useful in condensed matter physics. In this paper, we review the formalism of the 1/z expansion for magnetic systems and arrays of Josephson junctions. While many variations of the 1/z expansion have been developed, we concentrate on unrenormalized expansions, where the expansion coefficients are independent of the coordination number but may depend on dimension. The 1/z expansion has been used to study both first- and second-order phase transitions in a variety of systems, including the Ising and Heisenberg models, the Blume-Capel model, and Josephson-junction arrays. This expansion has also been used to study the dynamics of a Heisenberg ferromagnet. Although they sacrifice the rigor of the 1/z expansion, resummations or rearrangements of the 1/z expansion have proved useful to study critical behavior.

18

Zhou, Chao, Huixin Bao, Yoshitaka Matsushita, Tieyan Chang, Kaiyun Chen, Yin Zhang, Fanghua Tian, et al. "Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction of Laves-Phase Alloys: Fingerprints of Ferrimagnetic Phase Transitions." Materials 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111755.

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The magneto–elastic coupling effect correlates to the changes of moment and lattice upon magnetic phase transition. Here, we report that, in the pseudo-binary Laves-phase Tb1-xDyxCo2 system (x = 0.0, 0.7, and 1.0), thermal expansion and magnetostriction can probe the ferrimagnetic transitions from cubic to rhombohedral phase (in TbCo2), from cubic to tetragonal phase (in DyCo2), and from cubic to rhombohedral then to tetragonal phase (in Tb0.3Dy0.7Co2). Furthermore, a Landau polynomial approach is employed to qualitatively investigate the thermal expansion upon the paramagnetic (cubic) to ferrimagnetic (rhombohedral or tetragonal) transition, and the calculated thermal expansion curves agree with the experimental curves. Our work illustrates the correlation between crystal symmetry, magnetostriction, and thermal expansion in ferrimagnetic Laves-phase alloys and provides a new perspective to investigate ferrimagnetic transitions.

19

Siscoe, G. L., and H. E. Petschek. "On storm weakening during substorm expansion phase." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 2 (February 28, 1997): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0211-2.

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Abstract. Iyemori and Rao recently presented evidence that the strength of a magnetic storm, as measured by -Dst, weakens, or its rate of growth slows, during the substorm expansion phase. Yet the expansion phase is known to inject energetic particles into the ring current, which should strengthen the storm. We propose to reconcile these apparently contradictory results by combining the virial theorem and a principle of energy partitioning between energy storage elements in a system with dissipation. As applied to the unloading description of the substorm expansion phase, the virial theorem states that -Dst is proportional to the sum of the total magnetic energy and twice the total kinetic energy in the magnetosphere including the tail. Thus if expansion phase involves converting magnetic energy stored in the tail into kinetic energy stored in the ring current, a drop in -Dst during expansion phase requires that less than half the drop in magnetic energy goes into the ring current, the rest going into the ionosphere. Indeed Weiss et al., have estimated that the energy dissipated in the ionosphere during expansion phase is twice that injected into the ring current. This conclusion is also consistent with the mentioned energy partitioning principle, which requires that more energy be dissipated than transferred between storage elements. While Iyemori and Rao's observations seem to contradict the hypothesis that storms consist at least in part of a sum of substorms, this mode of description might nonetheless be preserved by including the substorm's growth-phase contribution. Then the change in storm strength measured from before the growth phase to after the expansion phase is positive, even though the expansion phase alone makes a negative contribution.

20

YAMADA, Kou. "Expansion of Robust Stabilization Using Phase Information." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 12, no. 9 (1999): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.12.522.

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21

Pogorzelski, R. "Quadratic phase integration using a Chebyshev expansion." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 33, no. 5 (May 1985): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.1985.1143626.

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22

Jain, Ankur, and Ronald D. Vale. "RNA phase transitions in repeat expansion disorders." Nature 546, no. 7657 (May 31, 2017): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature22386.

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23

Clyde, Dorothy. "Repeat expansion disorders — going through a phase." Nature Reviews Genetics 18, no. 8 (June 26, 2017): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2017.54.

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24

Noailles, L. D., H. h. Peng, J. Starkovich, and B. Dunn. "Thermal Expansion and Phase Formation of ZrW2O8Aerogels." Chemistry of Materials 16, no. 7 (April 2004): 1252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm034791q.

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25

Williamson, Calvin. "A phase cell cluster expansion for Φ34." Annals of Physics 175, no. 1 (April 1987): 31–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(87)90055-8.

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26

Cao, Weigang, He Zhu, Zhanning Liu, Jinxia Deng, Jun Chen, and Xianran Xing. "Phase transition and thermal expansion of Ho2W3O12." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 73 (November 2016): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2016.10.022.

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27

Iasonos, Alexia, and John O’Quigley. "Dose Expansion Cohorts in Phase I Trials." Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research 8, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2015.1135185.

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28

Klymenko, N. A., N. N. Galtsov, and A. I. Prokhvatilov. "Phase transition and thermal expansion of hexafluoroethane." Low Temperature Physics 37, no. 2 (February 2011): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3556663.

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29

Rossoni, Caroline, Aurélie Bardet, Birgit Geoerger, and Xavier Paoletti. "Sequential or combined designs for Phase I/II clinical trials? A simulation study." Clinical Trials 16, no. 6 (September 20, 2019): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774519872702.

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Background: Phase I and Phase II clinical trials aim at identifying a dose that is safe and active. Both phases are increasingly combined. For Phase I/II trials, two main types of designs are debated: a dose-escalation stage to select the maximum tolerated dose, followed by an expansion cohort to investigate its activity (dose-escalation followed by an expansion cohort), or a joint modelling to identify the best trade-off between toxicity and activity (efficacy–toxicity). We explore this question in the context of a paediatric Phase I/II platform trial. Methods: In series of simulations, we assessed the operating characteristics of dose-escalation followed by an expansion cohort (DE-EC) designs without and with reassessment of the maximum tolerated dose during the expansion cohort (DE-ECext) and of the efficacy–toxicity (EffTox) design. We investigated the probability to identify an active and tolerable agent, that is, the percentage of correct decision, for various dose-toxicity activity scenarios. Results: For a large therapeutic index, the percentage of correct decision reached 96.0% for efficacy–toxicity versus 76.1% for dose-escalation followed by an expansion cohort versus 79.6% for DE-ECext. Conversely, when all doses were deemed not active, the percentage of correct decision was 47% versus 55.9% versus 69.2%, respectively, for efficacy–toxicity, dose-escalation followed by an expansion cohort and DE-ECext. Finally, in the case of a narrow therapeutic index, the percentage of correct decision was 48.0% versus 64.3% versus 67.2%, respectively, efficacy–toxicity, dose-escalation followed by an expansion cohort and DE-ECext. Conclusion: As narrow indexes are common in oncology, according to the present results, the sequential dose-escalation followed by an expansion cohort is recommended. The importance to re-estimate the maximum tolerated dose during the expansion cohort is confirmed. However, despite their theoretical advantages, Phase I/II designs are challenged by the variations in populations between the Phase I and the Phase II parts and by the lagtime in the evaluation of toxicity and activity.

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Hobley, Jonathan, Sergey Gorelik, Yutaka Kuge, Shinji Kajimoto, Motohiro Kasuya, Koji Hatanaka, and Hiroshi Fukumura. "Dynamics of Volume Expansion of De-Mixing Liquids after Pulsed IR Heating." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 9 (2011): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11171.

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Triethylamine (TEA)–water mixtures have a critical-temperature (Tc). Below Tc the mixture exists as one phase and above Tc it exists in two phases. The de-mixed volume is different to the mixed volume. A nanosecond pulsed-laser heated a TEA–water mixture so that it de-mixed. The resulting dynamics of volume expansion were monitored using interferometry. For T-jumps within the one phase region the dynamics of volume change were limited by the speed of sound. However, T-jumps between the one and two phase regions also manifested a slower volume change associated with the de-mixing process. After 150 ns, the volume of the de-mixed TEA–water was consistent with the equilibrium volume change. This suggests that, within 150 ns, the system had split into phase-domains having equilibrium compositions of TEA and water. Subsequently the phase domains would simply merge and grow resulting in no further volume change to reduce surface tension between the phases.

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RUAN, Y. Z., L. P. LI, X. L. HU, D. K. PENG, J. B. HU, and Y. H. ZHANG. "THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENTS OF YBa2Cu3O7−x WITH ORTHORHOMBIC AND TETRAGONAL PHASES." Modern Physics Letters B 03, no. 04 (March 20, 1989): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984989000522.

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Thermal expansion coefficients of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x with the tetragonal and orthorhombic structural phases were measured by the method of differential parallel-plate capacitance. There exist anomalies near 205 K for orthorhombic phase and between 92–130K for tetragonal phase, respectively. We suggest that the former may be related to the lattice instability, indicating that there is a strong electron-phonon interaction; the latter may be result from the structural phase transition which damages the high T c superconductivity. In the meantime, a small jump of the thermal expansion coefficient at T c was observed in the orthorhombic phase and from this the pressure effect was estimated.

32

Malfliet, Annelies, Linda Stappers, and Jan Fransaer. "Synthesis and Characterization of Thermal Actuators Based on Composite Coatings with Phase Change Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.143.

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Metal coatings with embedded phase change material (PCM) particles were made by electrolytic deposition. These composite coatings have useful thermo-mechanical properties for thermal actuators. The PCM particles which are homogeneously dispersed in the metal matrix provide a large thermal expansion of the composite at the phase change temperature. Since the metal matrix has a good thermal conductivity, it allows fast heating of the embedded PCM particles and hence fast actuation. In this study, paraffin and water were used as PCM in copper, zinc and nickel coatings. To embed PCM material in electrolytic metal coatings, the PCM has to be encapsulated first. This was done by emulsion polymerization for paraffin and by solvent evaporation of a double emulsion for water. PCM-metal composite coatings are made by adding the PCM particles to the electrolyte used for metal plating. The properties of the metal-PCM composite coatings were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vertical dilatometry. The thermal expansion of the paraffin composite coatings showed a sharp increase in a small temperature range above the melting point of the paraffin and a total expansion of 1 % was found. Although a sharp expansion increase in a small temperature range is ideal for thermal actuators, the effect decreased by thermal cycling. A thermoelastoplastic model was developed to describe the thermal expansion of the composites. For water containing composite coatings, very large expansions of up to 15 % were obtained, but the temperature range over which this expansion occurs is large.

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Weiss, Daniel Alexander. "The thermodynamic limit of an ideal Bose gas by asymptotic expansions and spectral ζ-functions." Journal of Mathematical Physics 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 123302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114640.

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We analyze the thermodynamic limit—modeled as the open-trap limit of an isotropic harmonic potential—of an ideal, non-relativistic Bose gas with a special emphasis on the phenomenon of Bose–Einstein condensation. This is accomplished by the use of an asymptotic expansion of the grand potential, which is derived by ζ-regularization techniques. Herewith, we can show that the singularity structure of this expansion is directly interwoven with the phase structure of the system: In the non-condensation phase, the expansion has a form that resembles usual heat kernel expansions. By this, thermodynamic observables are directly calculable. In contrast, the expansion exhibits a singularity of infinite order above a critical density, and a renormalization of the chemical potential is needed to ensure well-defined thermodynamic observables. Furthermore, the renormalization procedure forces the system to exhibit condensation. In addition, we show that characteristic features of the thermodynamic limit, such as the critical density or the internal energy, are entirely encoded in the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion.

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Simura, Rayko, Shohei Kawai, and Kazumasa Sugiyama. "Phase Transition and Thermal Expansion of Ba3RB3O9 (R = Sm–Yb, and Y)." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 8 (September 26, 2017): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0290.

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AbstractHigh temperature powder X-ray diffraction measurements of Ba3RB3O9 (R=Sm–Yb, and Y) were carried out at temperatures ranging from room temperature to just below the corresponding melting temperatures (1,200–1,300 °C). No phase transition was found for the H-type phase (R$\overline 3 $) with R=Sm–Tb and the L-type phase (P63 cm) with R=Tm–Yb. On the other hand, phase transition from the L phase to the H phase was observed for R=Dy–Er, and Y at around 1,100–1,200 °C. The obtained axial thermal expansion coefficient (ATEC) of the a-axis was larger than that of the c-axis for the H phase, and the ATEC of the c-axis was larger than that of the a-axis for the L phase. The observed anisotropic nature of ATEC is attributed to the distribution of the BO3 anionic group with rigid boron–oxygen bonding in the structures of the H and L phases.

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Kozlovskii, Yuriy, Sergey Stankus, Rashid Khairulin, and Oleg Yatsuk. "Dilatometric Investigation of the Phase Transformations in ChS-139 Steel." Siberian Journal of Physics 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2013-8-3-159-162.

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The results of the dilatometric investigation of the phase transformations in ChS-139 steel over the temperature range from 20 to 1 000С are presented. The error in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (TCLE) is (1.5–2)  10–7 К–1. The temperatures of the phase transformations, the changes of relative expansion on mutual austenite-martensite transitions, and TCLE of all phases are determined. An interpretation of a number of specific points in the temperature dependences of the properties is given

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Kim, Hyesoo, Ja Hong Goo, Hyo Sung Kwak, Seung Bae Hwang, and Gyung Ho Chung. "Correlation between Spot Sign and Intracranial Hemorrhage Expansion on Dual-Phase CT Angiography." Diagnostics 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040215.

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Purpose: Expansion of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is an important predictor of poor clinical outcome. ICH expansion can be predicted with a spot sign on computed tomographic angiography (CTA). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between spot signs on CTA and ICH expansion on dual-phase CTA. Methods: Patients with spontaneous ICH between January 2017 and April 2019 who underwent an initial CT, dual-phase CTA, and a subsequent CT were retrospectively identified. ICH expansion was defined as volume growth of >33% or >6 mL. We analyzed the presence and change in size of the spot sign in the first phase and second phase CTA. Also, we divided the morphological status of the spot sign, such as a dot-like lesion or linear contrast extravasation, in the first and second phase CTA. Results: A total of 206 patients, including 38 (18.5%) with ICH expansion and 45 (21.8%) with a spot sign, qualified for analysis. Of patients with a spot sign, 26 (57.8%) had ICH expansion on subsequent CT. Increased size of a spot sign in second-phase CTA was more frequent in the ICH expansion group than in the no-expansion group (96.2% vs. 52.6%, p < 0.001). First visualization of a spot sign in the second phase was more common in the no-expansion group than in the ICH expansion group (47.4% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). The morphological patterns of a spot sign between the two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: Spot signs on dual-phase CTA have different sizes and morphological patterns. Increased size of a spot sign in the second phase of CTA can help identify patients at risk for ICH expansion.

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Kaminiarz, André, Bart Krekelberg, and Frank Bremmer. "Expansion of Visual Space During Optokinetic Afternystagmus (OKAN)." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 5 (May 2008): 2470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00017.2008.

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The mechanisms underlying visual perceptual stability are usually investigated using voluntary eye movements. In such studies, errors in perceptual stability during saccades and pursuit are commonly interpreted as mismatches between actual eye position and eye-position signals in the brain. The generality of this interpretation could in principle be tested by investigating spatial localization during reflexive eye movements whose kinematics are very similar to those of voluntary eye movements. Accordingly, in this study, we determined mislocalization of flashed visual targets during optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN). These eye movements are quite unique in that they occur in complete darkness and are generated by subcortical control mechanisms. We found that during horizontal OKAN slow phases, subjects mislocalize targets away from the fovea in the horizontal direction. This corresponds to a perceived expansion of visual space and is unlike mislocalization found for any other voluntary or reflexive eye movement. Around the OKAN fast phases, we found a bias in the direction of the fast phase prior to its onset and opposite to the fast-phase direction thereafter. Such a biphasic modulation has also been reported in the temporal vicinity of saccades and during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). A direct comparison, however, showed that the modulation during OKAN was much larger and occurred earlier relative to fast-phase onset than during OKN. A simple mismatch between the current eye position and the eye-position signal in the brain is unlikely to explain such disparate results across similar eye movements. Instead, these data support the view that mislocalization arises from errors in eye-centered position information.

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McMonagle, Charles J., Adam A. L. Michalchuk, and Dmitry Chernyshov. "FOX-7 high-energy-density material: thermal expansion and phase transitions revisited." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 78, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621013299.

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Variable-temperature single-crystal diffraction experiments treated with the Gandolfi method reveal the detailed temperature evolution of the unit-cell dimensions, structural transformations and the phase co-existence of the energetic material FOX-7. Two first-order phase transitions are observed accompanied by abrupt changes in volume and unit-cell dimensions. The thermal expansion is found to be linear for all three phases, albeit highly anisotropic. Moreover, the experimental thermal expansion coefficients differ from those predicted from literature atomistic simulations.

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Felton, Samuel M., Terry A. Gaige, Timothy G. Reese, Van J. Wedeen, and Richard J. Gilbert. "Mechanical basis for lingual deformation during the propulsive phase of swallowing as determined by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 1 (July 2007): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01070.2006.

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The tongue is an intricately configured muscular organ that undergoes a series of rapid shape changes intended to first configure and then transport the bolus from the oral cavity to the pharynx during swallowing. To assess the complex array of mechanical events occurring during the propulsive phase of swallowing, we employed tongue pressure-gated phase-contrast MRI to represent the tissue's local strain rate vectors. Validation of the capacity of phase-contrast MRI to represent local compressive and expansive strain rate was obtained by assessing deformation patterns induced by a synchronized mechanical plunger apparatus in a gelatinous material phantom. Physiological strain rate data were acquired in the sagittal and coronal orientations at 0, 200, 400, and 600 ms relative to the gating pulse during 2.5-ml water bolus swallows. This method demonstrated that the propulsive phase of swallowing is associated with a precisely organized series of compressive and expansive strain rate events. At the initiation of propulsion, bolus position resulted from obliquely aligned compressive and expansive strain, vertically aligned compressive strain and orthogonal expansion, and compressive strain aligned obliquely to the styloid process. Bolus reconfiguration and translocation resulted from a combination of compressive strain occurring in the middle and posterior tongue aligned obliquely between the anterior-inferior and the posterior-superior regions with commensurate orthogonal expansion, along with bidirectional contraction in the distribution of the transversus and verticalis muscle fibers. These data support the concept that propulsive lingual deformation is due to complex muscular interactions involving both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles.

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Schulz, Hans-Jürgen, and Manfred Stockburger. "Discounter treiben Expansion voran." Lebensmittel Zeitung 74, no. 30 (2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2022-30-010.

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Nach dem Corona-Höhenflug der Supermärkte hoffen jetzt die Discounter auf eine neue Boom-Phase. Die Expansion spielt dabei eine wichtige Rolle, um Marktanteile zu gewinnen. Die Gesamtzahl der Discounter liegt erstmals seit 2017 wieder bei mehr als 16000.

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Menon, S. V. G. "Convergence of Coupling-Parameter Expansion-Based Solutions to Ornstein–Zernike Equation in Liquid State Theory." Condensed Matter 6, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat6030029.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the convergence of coupling-parameter expansion-based solutions to the Ornstein–Zernike equation in liquid state theory. The analytically solved Baxter’s adhesive hard sphere model is analyzed first by using coupling-parameter expansion. It was found that the expansion provides accurate approximations to solutions—including the liquid-vapor phase diagram—in most parts of the phase plane. However, it fails to converge in the region where the model has only complex solutions. Similar analysis and results are obtained using analytical solutions within the mean spherical approximation for the hardcore Yukawa potential. However, numerical results indicate that the expansion converges in all regions in this model. Next, the convergence of the expansion is analyzed for the Lennard-Jones potential by using an accurate density-dependent bridge function in the closure relation. Numerical results are presented which show convergence of correlation functions, compressibility versus density profiles, etc., in the single as well as two-phase regions. Computed liquid-vapor phase diagrams, using two independent schemes employing the converged profiles, compare excellently with simulation data. The results obtained for the generalized Lennard-Jones potential, with varying repulsive exponent, also compare well with the simulation data. Solution-spaces and the bifurcation of the solutions of the Ornstein–Zernike equation that are relevant to coupling-parameter expansion are also briefly discussed. All of these results taken together establish the coupling-parameter expansion as a practical tool for studying single component fluid phases modeled via general pair-potentials.

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SHUKLA, SHAILESH, DEEPAK KUMAR, NITYA NATH SHUKLA, and RAJENDRA PRASAD. "METAL–INSULATOR TRANSITIONS IN TETRAHEDRAL SEMICONDUCTORS UNDER LATTICE CHANGE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 07 (March 20, 2004): 975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204024525.

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Although most insulators are expected to undergo insulator to metal transition on lattice compression, tetrahedral semiconductors Si, GaAs and InSb can become metallic on compression as well as by expansion. We focus on the transition by expansion which is rather peculiar; in all cases the direct gap at Γ point closes on expansion and thereafter a zero-gap state persists over a wide range of lattice constant. The solids become metallic at an expansion of 13% to 15% when an electron Fermi surface around L-point and a hole Fermi surface at Γ-point develop. We provide an understanding of this behavior in terms of arguments based on symmetry and simple tight-binding considerations. We also report results on the critical behavior of conductivity in the metal phase and the static dielectric constant in the insulating phase and find common behavior. We consider the possibility of excitonic phases and distortions which might intervene between insulating and metallic phases.

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Yu, Huifen, Liang Chen, Chang Zhou, and He Qi. "Negative Thermal Expansion Caused by the Antiferroelectric Phase Transition in Lead-Free Perovskite Ceramics." Crystals 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13050751.

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Due to the structural stability and high adjustability of perovskite, lead-free perovskite ceramics are widely thought to be one of the most promising functional materials. In this work, an abnormal negative thermal expansion behavior with a linear expansion coefficient of −54.95 ppm/K is achieved in the (1-x)NaNbO3-xCaZrO3 system by driving the antiferroelectric phase transition from orthorhombic phase and tetragonal phase. The NTE mechanism is verified by temperature-dependent high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, dielectric spectra, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The relationship between the antiferroelectric phase transition and negative thermal expansion behavior is systematically revealed by analyzing the evolution of the phase structure with temperature. This novel negative thermal expansion feature caused by the antiferroelectric phase transition provides new guidance for designing more negative thermal expansion materials.

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Holzer, Hermann, and David C. Dunand. "Phase transformation and thermal expansion of Cu/ZrW2O8 metal matrix composites." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (March 1999): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0104.

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Powder metallurgy was used to fabricate fully dense, unreacted composites consisting of a copper matrix containing 50–60 vol% ZrW2O8 particles with negative thermal expansion. Upon cycling between 25 and 300 °C, the composites showed coefficients of thermal expansion varying rapidly with temperature and significantly larger than predicted from theory. The anomalously large expansion on heating and contraction on cooling are attributed to the volume change associated with the allotropic transformation of ZrW2O8 between its high-pressure γ-phase and its low-pressure α- or β-phases. Based on calorimetry and diffraction experiments and on simple stress estimations, this allotropic transformation is shown to result from the hydrostatic thermal stresses in the particles due to the thermal expansion mismatch between matrix and reinforcement.

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González-Silgo, C., C. Guzmán-Afonso, V. M. Sánchez-Fajardo, S. Acosta-Gutiérrez, A. Sánchez-Soares, M. E. Torres, N. Sabalisck, E. Matesanz, and J. Rodríguez-Carvajal. "Polymorphism in Ho2(MoO4)3." Powder Diffraction 28, S2 (September 2013): S33—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715613001176.

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Two polymorphs of Holmium molybdate, known as β'-phase and γ-phase, were prepared by solid state reaction with different thermal treatments. These polycrystalline samples have been studied for the first time by X-ray thermodiffractometry from room temperature up to 1300 K. We found that the initial β'-phase undergoes a transition to a β-phase and then to a γ-phase. The γ (hydrated)-phase, turns to the γ (dehydrated)-phase and then to the β-phase. Each sequence involves a reversible and an irreversible phase transition for Ho2(MoO4)3. Both polymorphs have remarkable physical properties like nonlinear optics, ferroelectricity and negative thermal expansion. We have calculated the linear expansion coefficients of both phases. We have obtained a positive coefficient for the β'-phase and a negative one for the γ-phase. Moreover, we have made a comparison of the obtained coefficients with previous results for other rare earth molybdates.

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Band, David L., and Edison P. Liang. "Adiabatic Supernova Expansion into the Circumstellar Medium." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 101 (1988): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100102143.

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AbstractWe perform one dimensional numerical simulations with a Lagrangian hydrodynamics code of the adiabatic expansion of a supernova into the surrounding medium. The early expansion follows Chevalier’s analytic selfsimilar solution until the reverse shock reaches the ejecta core. We follow the expansion as it evolves towards the adiabatic blast wave phase. Some memory of the earlier phases of expansion is retained in the interior even when the outer regions expand as a blast wave. We find the results are sensitive to the initial configuration of the ejecta and to the placement of gridpoints.

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BARTKOWIAK, M. "HIGH-DENSITY EXPANSION FOR THE EXTENDED HUBBARD MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 01, no. 05n06 (October 1987): 1277–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979287001729.

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The Green’s-function diagrammatic high-density expansion technique for Hubbard’s operators is constructed and applied to the extended Hubbard model. The electron Green’s functions and the band structure of the ground state for arbitrary electron density are calculated in the zeroth-order in 1/z. The phase diagram, staggered magnetic susceptibility and the Néel temperature for the half-filled band case are derived in the first order of the high-density expansion. Connections of the high-density and linked cluster expansions are also discussed.

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He, Lian Fang, Guo Qun Zhao, and Hui Ping Li. "Measurement and Analysis of Time-Temperature-Transformation Curves of Boron Steel 22MnB5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.484.

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Hot stamping of quenchable boron steels is a new and complex forming technology integrating metal hot forming and quenching process. In order to gain the Time – Temperature - Transformation (TTT) curves of 22MnB5, the phase-transformation temperatures of boron steel 22MnB5 are measured by DIL 805A/D quenching and deformation dilatometer. According to the expansion curves of phase-transformation at some constant temperatures, the start and finish temperatures of phase-transformation are calculated by using the expansion method and the tangential method. The types of metallographic phases after phase-transformation are judged by the optical microscope and micro hardness. The TTT curves of 22MnB5 are drawn in terms of the results of testing and calculating.

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Shao, Wei, Taylor J. Patton, Sarah E. Gerard, Yue Pan, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Oguz C. Durumeric, John E. Bayouth, and Gary E. Christensen. "N-Phase Local Expansion Ratio for Characterizing Out-of-Phase Lung Ventilation." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 39, no. 6 (June 2020): 2025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2963083.

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Kanno, Hiroshi, and Naoki Shikazono. "C143 Modeling of adiabatic efficiency and phase change in two-phase expansion." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2015 (2015): _C143–1_—_C143–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2015._c143-1_.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Expansion phase'

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