Journal articles on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in the physical sciences'
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Saparniyazov, Sansizbay K. "TECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIZATION OF TOURISM AND ECO-TOURISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT’S KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 03, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-03-02-14.
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Tourism is a reality that today embodies the specific forms and manifestations of social (economic, political and spiritual-enlightenment) life. Regardless of the modern content and interpretation of tourism, it is a science that teaches the legal basis and methods of organizing sports tourism. He promotes the ideas of physical and spiritual recreation, encouraging young people to clean the environment, strengthening the student body, expanding knowledge about the homeland and its nature, self-awareness and local lore.
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Manning, Patrick. "The Life Sciences, 1900–2000: Analysis and Social Welfare from Mendel and Koch to Biotech and Conservation." Asian Review of World Histories 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340030.
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Abstract The life sciences underwent a dramatic transformation during the twentieth century, with an expansion in fundamental knowledge of the process of evolution and its molecular basis, through advances in health care that greatly extended human life, and by the combination of these advances to address the problem of conserving the many forms of life threatened by expanding human society. The essay highlights the worldwide emphasis on social welfare in the years 1945–1980 and the expanding role of international collaboration, especially in the International Biological Program and its advances in ecology and the notion of the biosphere, and in the emergence of molecular biology. This was also the era of the Cold War, yet military confrontation had fewer implications for life sciences than for the natural sciences in that era. After 1980, deregulation and neoliberalism weakened programs for social welfare, yet links among the varying strands of life sciences continued to grow, bringing the development of genomics and its many implications, expanding epidemiology to include reliance on social sciences, and deepening ecological studies as the Anthropocene became more and more prevalent. In sum, the experience of the life sciences should make it clear to world historians that scientific advance goes beyond the achievements of brilliant but isolated researchers: those same advances rely substantially on social movements, migration, and the exchange of knowledge across intellectual and physical boundaries.
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Malik, Jayraj, Vaishali Keluskar, and Sulem Ansari. "Expanding the Role of Oral Physician in Early Diagnosis of Commonly Occurring Systemic Diseases." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221222.
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Dentistry deals with the identification, mitigation, and prevention of diseases of teeth, gums, mouth, and jaw. Dentistry can have an effect on your overall health and for treating patients with chronic diseases and other conditions safely and effectively, dentists need to have a solid knowledge of basic clinical medicine. Dentists should possess the same level of knowledge as physicians in all other branches of medicine due to changes in life expectancy and lifestyles, as well as the rapid advancement of biomedical sciences and help in diagnosing systemic diseases based on oral findings. The present review throws a spotlight on these activities and also suggests some of the measures that can be adopted to modify dental education to turn dentists into oral physicians by early diagnosing of systemic diseases. Key words: Dentistry, disease, education, physician, primary care
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Basoglu, Umut Davut. "The Importance of Physical Literacy for Physical Education and Recreation." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 4 (March 18, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i4.3022.
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As the basis of characteristics, qualifications, behaviors, awareness, knowledge and understanding of the development of healthy active living and physical recreation opportunities Physical Literacy (PL); has become a global concern in the fields of physical education and recreation since its first use as a term. Experts from different countries and disciplines underline the necessity of expanding the PL context. Despite this international recognition, neither the existence of a work on PL in nor a model of PL in physical education programs has yet to be seen in Turkish literature. The aim of this study is to introduce such an important concept to Turkish literature by a comprehensive literature review and to present the prominence of PL in terms of physical education, physical activity and sports fields. In addition, under the scope of this study, undergraduate and graduate programs in which physical educators are trained to shape both all students and athletes are examined and various proposals are made about how to place PL in these programs. By examining the graduate and postgraduate programs of faculties of sport and physical education and sport sciences in 98 universities in Turkey and NCTR, we come to a conclusion that between the 3.-6. semesters of graduate programs, the introduction of the PL course, training and modules will increase the awareness and competence of the PL. Moreover we expect that it would be beneficial to train these field specialists and bring them to my country through the opening of specific post-graduate training programs in the field of PL.
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Boateng, Sakyiwaa, Jogymol Kalariparampil Alex, Folake Modupe Adelabu, Thamsanqa Sihele, and Vuyokazi Momoti. "Pre-Service Teachers' Perspectives towards the Use of GammaTutor in Teaching Physical Sciences in South African Secondary Schools." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 21, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.6.18.
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This paper reports on introducing a techno-blended model for science teaching in South African senior secondary schools. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework was used as a lens for the interpretation of pre-service science teachers' use of the GammaTutor tool in the classroom for collaboration and creativity. The study employed an interpretivist multi-case design that purposefully sampled ten pre-service science teachers. Data were collected through non-participatory classroom observation and interviews. Data were then analysed qualitatively using deductive approaches with a modified version of TPACK as an analytical framework. The study found that pre-service science teachers were enthusiastic about using the GammaTutor tool because they believed it engaged their learners in the teaching-learning process and facilitated the assessment of tasks. The pre-service teachers felt that the GammaTutor tool enhanced their instruction by expanding their access to teaching-learning resources and personalising instruction. Additionally, the pre-service teachers discussed their concerns, particularly in assisting underperforming learners and effectively utilizing inquiry-based instruction using the GammaTutor tool. Notwithstanding certain apparent drawbacks, the study contributes to our understanding of how the TPACK concept might be employed as a framework for analysis in a particular situation. More crucially, teaching and learning are founded on the thorough integration of technological tools in day-to-day classroom activities.
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Cunha, Lilian Suelen de Oliveira, and Fernando Hellmann. "Ethics, bioethics and physical education: a systematic review of a necessary convergence." Revista Bioética 30, no. 2 (June 2022): 444–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422022302540en.
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Abstract This article seeks to identify what scientific journals have been publishing in terms of ethics and bioethics in the field of physical education. We carried out a systematic literature review in January 2020 in LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. Articles in English published between 2005 and 2018 were found, with 12 studies selected according to the expected inclusion criteria. It resulted in four categories: physical education as a means for personal development in the school environment, potential of sport as a means for moral education as virtue formation, level of knowledge of physical education professionals about ethics, and ethics in the training of these professionals. We consider that, although issues related to ethics and bioethics in physical education appear in the literature, expanding studies on this theme, still on the margins of scientific production in the field, is necessary.
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Strauss, Wolfgang, and Monika Fleischmann. "Artistic Practice as Construction and Cultivation of Knowledge Space." Leonardo 37, no. 2 (April 2004): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094041139229.
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This article presents the netzspannung.org Internet platform, a media laboratory on the Internet that not only collects high-quality information on digital culture and media production but also interlinks this information, contextualizes it and makes it available on-line as a constantly expanding knowledge space that, like a library, can be explored by the public as an interactive installation and an educational space. In the broadest sense, the aim of this project is to visualize and semantically network information to create “knowledge spaces” that can be explored interactively and in real time and that are accessible to the user through play. Technologies, online tools and intuitive interfaces are being developed that support communication between the digital and physical spaces and investigate new forms of knowledge acquisition as “knowledge-based arts.”
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Gedugoshev, Ratmir Ruslanovich. "Using the Incident Method in the Development of Social Responsibility of Young Police Officers." KANT 44, no. 3 (September 2022): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2022-44.40.
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The purpose of the study is to characterize the pedagogical potential of the incident method in the development of social responsibility of young police officers. The scientific novelty consists in describing the possibilities of the incident method for expanding legal knowledge, developing moral qualities, and forming successful models of behavior for young police officers. The results of the study are the characteristics of simulated situations compiled within the framework of the incident method, including three areas of work: a) discussion of moral dilemmas involving legal and moral choices; b) solving problems containing typical options for actions and an operational tactical approach; c) simulation of extreme conditions requiring the use of physical force, special means, weapons.
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Sudiro, P. "The Earth expansion theory and its transition from scientific hypothesis to pseudoscientific belief." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 20, 2014): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-5-135-2014.
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Abstract. During the first half of 20th century, the dominant global tectonics model based on Earth contraction had increasing problems accommodating new geological evidence, with the result that alternative geodynamic theories were investigated. Due to the level of scientific knowledge and the limited amount of data available in many scientific disciplines at the time, not only was contractionism considered a valid scientific theory but the debate also included expansionism, mobilism on a fixed-dimension planet, or various combinations of these geodynamic hypotheses. Geologists and physicists generally accepted that planets could change their dimensions, although the change of volume was generally believed to happen because of a contraction, not an expansion. Constant generation of new matter in the universe was a possibility accepted by science, as it was the variation in the cosmological constants. Continental drift, instead, was a more heterodox theory, requiring a larger effort from the geoscientists to be accepted. The new geological data collected in the following decades, an improved knowledge of the physical processes, the increased resolution and penetration of geophysical tools, and the sensitivity of measurements in physics decreased the uncertainty level in many fields of science. Theorists now had less freedom for speculation because their theories had to accommodate more data, and more limiting conditions to respect. This explains the rapid replacement of contracting Earth, expanding Earth, and continental drift theories by plate tectonics once the symmetrical oceanic magnetic striping was discovered, because none of the previous models could explain and incorporate the new oceanographic and geophysical data. Expansionism could survive after the introduction of plate tectonics because its proponents have increasingly detached their theory from reality by systematically rejecting or overlooking any contrary evidence, and selectively picking only the data that support expansion. Moreover, the proponents continue to suggest imaginative physical mechanisms to explain expansion, claiming that scientific knowledge is partial, and the many inconsistencies of their theory are just minor problems in the face of the plain evidence of expansion. According to the expansionists, scientists should just wait for some revolutionary discovery in fundamental physics that will explain all the unsolved mysteries of Earth expansion. The history of the expanding-Earth theory is an example of how falsified scientific hypotheses can survive their own failure, gradually shifting towards and beyond the limits of scientific investigation until they become merely pseudoscientific beliefs.
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DYER, JOSEPH. "The Place of Musica in Medieval Classifications of Knowledge." Journal of Musicology 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 3–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2007.24.1.3.
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ABSTRACT Medieval classifications of knowledge (divisiones scientiarum) were created to impose order on the ever-expanding breadth of human knowledge and to demonstrate the interconnectedness of its several parts. In the earlier Middle Ages the trivium and the quadrivium had sufficed to circumscribe the bounds of secular learning, but the eventual availability of the entire Aristotelian corpus stimulated a reevaluation of the scope of human knowledge. Classifications emanating from the School of Chartres (the Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor and the anonymous Tractatus quidam) did not venture far beyond Boethius, Cassiodorus, and Isidore of Seville. Dominic Gundissalinus (fl. 1144––64), a Spaniard who based parts of his elaborate analysis of music on Al-Fāārāābīī, attempted to balance theory and practice, in contradistinction to the earlier mathematical emphasis. Aristotle had rejected musica mundana, and his natural science left little room for a musica humana based on numerical proportion. Consequently, both had to be reinterpreted. Robert Kilwardby's De ortu scientiarum (ca. 1250) sought to integrate the traditional Boethian treatment of musica with an Aristotelian perspective. Responding to the empirical emphasis of Aristotle's philosophy, Kilwardby focused on music as audible phenomenon as opposed to Platonic ““sounding number.”” Medieval philosophers were reluctant to assign (audible) music to natural science or to place it among the scientie mechanice. One solution argued that music, though a separate subiectum suitable for philosophical investigation, was subalternated to arithmetic. Although drawing its explanations from that discipline, it nevertheless had its own set of ““rules”” governing its proper activity. Thomas Aquinas proposed to resolve the conflict between the physicality of musical sound and abstract mathematics through the theory of scientie medie. These stood halfway between speculative and natural science, taking their material objects from physical phenomena but their formal object from mathematics. Still, Thomas defended the superiority of the speculative tradition by asserting that scientie medie ““have a closer affinity to mathematics”” (magis sunt affines mathematicis) than to natural science.
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MOTCH, CHRISTIAN. "The XMM-NEWTON VIEW ON NEUTRON STARS AND BLACK HOLES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 13, no. 07 (August 2004): 1229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271804005365.
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The improved sensitivity of the XMM-Newton satellite is quickly expanding our knowledge of X-ray emission mechanisms and physical conditions in and around compact objects. Thanks to the large collecting power and high energy resolution of the EPIC and RGS instruments, detailed X-ray spectral analysis can be performed in the 0.2 to 12 keV energy range. In this short review, I highlight the most significant results obtained by XMM-Newton on neutron stars both isolated and in binary systems and on accreting stellar mass black holes.
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Zydziunaite, Vilma, Lina Kaminskiene, and Vaida Jurgile. "Teachers’ Abstracted Conceptualizations of Their Way in Experiencing the Leadership in the Classroom: Transferring Knowledge, Expanding Learning Capacity, and Creating Knowledge." Education Sciences 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11120782.
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Despite the abundance of decades of research into teacher leadership, uncertainty remains due to confusion around the notions of teacher leadership and the unity or at least the authenticity of definitions, and there is a need for a deeper understanding of this leadership process as the teacher works with students in the classroom. The existing definitions and descriptions of teacher leadership do not determine the connection between teacher leadership and student learning, and the subject remains empirically unsubstantiated. The aim of this study was to develop a set of categories of description derived from the teachers’ conceptions of their leadership in the classroom through learning interactions with students. The study was based on the phenomenographic research methodology. Data were collected by conducting semistructured interviews with 37 teachers. A phenomenographic analysis sought a description, analysis, and understanding of experiences with the focus on variation in the conceptions of the phenomenon, as experienced by teachers. Findings revealed that teachers discern their leadership through working with students at school in three stages represented by three categories of description—transferring knowledge, expanding learning capacity, and creating knowledge. All these stages are linked by teacher-student interaction which facilitates successful and meaningful learning for students within the classroom. The connections between the three stages demonstrate the need for teacher–student collaboration, teaching personalization, the professional expertise of the teacher, and learning cocreation. The findings of this study contribute to the expansion of the concept of teacher leadership not only as expert influence through the application of specific teaching methods, but as a coherent process from knowledge transfer to its creation through reciprocal teacher–student learning in the classroom.
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Ameri, Pietro, Gabriele Giacomo Schiattarella, Lia Crotti, Margherita Torchio, Edoardo Bertero, Daniele Rodolico, Maurizio Forte, et al. "Novel Basic Science Insights to Improve the Management of Heart Failure: Review of the Working Group on Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Heart of the Italian Society of Cardiology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041192.
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Despite important advances in diagnosis and treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a syndrome with substantial morbidity and dismal prognosis. Although implementation and optimization of existing technologies and drugs may lead to better management of HF, new or alternative strategies are desirable. In this regard, basic science is expected to give fundamental inputs, by expanding the knowledge of the pathways underlying HF development and progression, identifying approaches that may improve HF detection and prognostic stratification, and finding novel treatments. Here, we discuss recent basic science insights that encompass major areas of translational research in HF and have high potential clinical impact.
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Giere, Ronald. "The Problem of Agency in Scientific Distributed Cognitive Systems." Journal of Cognition and Culture 4, no. 3-4 (2004): 759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568537042484887.
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AbstractFrom the perspective of cognitive science, it is illuminating to think of much contemporary scientific research as taking place in distributed cognitive systems. This is particularly true of large-scale experimental and observational systems such as the Hubble Telescope. Clark, Hutchins, Knorr-Cetina, and Latour insist or imply such a move requires expanding our notions of knowledge, mind, and even consciousness. Whether this is correct seems to me not a straightforward factual question. Rather, the issue seems to be how best to develop a theoretical understanding of such systems appropriate to the study of science and technology. I argue that there is no need to attribute to such systems as a whole any form of cognitive agency. We can well understand the importance of such systems while restricting agency to the human components. The implication is that we think of these large-scale distributed cognitive systems not so much as unified wholes, but as hybrid systems including both physical artifacts and ordinary humans.
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Schultz, V. L., A. A. Grebenyuk, and I. S. Ashmanov. "Xeoretical and methodological problems of digital sociology." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 28, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2022-28-1-126-144.
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This article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological problems of conceptualizing a new branch of sociological knowledge — digital sociology. The transfer of various aspects of human life to the virtual space (to social networks and new media) has created a number of challenges for the classical social sciences that have never been faced before. The main one is the assessment of the impact of social processes taking place in virtual space on the reality around us. Today, the phenomena emerging on the Internet are invading our “physical” world with increasing intensity, the so-called “real virtuality” is being formed. At the same time, an important aspect is the reverse effect on the virtual world of the processes taking place in social reality.The response to the virtualization of social life was the emergence of a new branch of sociological science — digital sociology. Having originated in the mid-2000s, it is actively developing: the problem Jeld is being clarified, its subject is being concretized, and the methodological toolkit is expanding. At the same time, there are also problems, “bottlenecks” that require comprehension and scientific overcoming.Within the framework of this scientific article, the processes of virtualization of public life, the essence and features of an electronic social network account are considered, the author’s definition of digital sociology is formed, the methodological toolkit is characterized, and the advantages and challenges of digital sociology are identified.
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Dall, Tanja, and Sophie Danneris. "Reconsidering ‘What Works’ in Welfare-to-Work with the Vulnerable Unemployed: The Potential of Relational Causality as an Alternative Approach." Social Policy and Society 18, no. 4 (May 14, 2019): 583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746419000186.
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There is growing interest in research that informs more effective practices in employment services across Europe, Australia and the USA. However, despite the ever-expanding amount of research on the implementation and efficacy of various policy programmes in practice, the knowledge on how to bring unemployed individuals closer to the labour market remains ambiguous and inconclusive. This is especially so in the context of the more vulnerable unemployed, who face physical, mental and social challenges in addition to unemployment. In this article, we examine the existing literature in terms of its potential to inform (the development of) effective employment policies. On this basis, we outline an alternative approach based on the concept of relational causality, and discuss the implications of such an approach for applied policy research.
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Noor, Ahmed K. "Training for the Next Wave." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 03 (March 1, 2012): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-mar-2.
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This article focuses on various aspects of an ecosystem that can accelerate the training, which the engineering workforce needs to realize and sustain complex systems. Several science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) improvement and pilot academic engineering programs have been proposed to address some of the needs and challenges of the high-tech workforce. Companies have launched their own educational programs to address some of the reskilling and large-scale system integration needs of complex systems. A step towards the implementation of the comprehensive strategy is the development of Intelligent Cyber-Physical Engineering Ecosystems to advance collaboration among engineering and research institutions, industry, professional societies, and other stakeholders working on complex systems. The ecosystems will consist of large numbers of distributed interacting components that are continually updated and expanded. The ecosystems are expected to grow and to reach unanticipated levels of complexity because of the relations among the continually expanding individual components. The ecosystems are expected to provide knowledge-rich, immersive environments for integrating engineering practice with learning, training, and workforce development needed for complex systems.
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Mizukawa, Makoto, Kazuhito Yokoi, Tsutomu Hasegawa, Shigeki Sugano, and Yasushi Nakauchi. "Special Issue on Kukanchi Interactive Human – Space Design and Intelligence Dedicated to Dr. Kazuo Tanie." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0441.
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The history of science and technology evolution plays a great role in expanding human ability. Physical enhancement is done by controlling power after invention of steam engines and governor. These lead inventions of various useful machines to improve the productivity of material, food, and many attractive consumer products such as automobiles. Electrics and electronics also provided social infrastructure for industries and individual life. From ancient times, media have been developed to assist in intellectual activities such as characters, clay boards, papers, printing machines to carry knowledge. The accumulation of knowledge was one source of governance power and social movement of the Enlightenment promoted spreading such knowledge to citizens by editing Encyclopedias. This movement opened modern and civilized era. Telecommunication and computer technologies have accelerated to develop tools that help thinking and communication using the enormous knowledge stored in storages distributed worldwide. Kukanchi —Interactive Human-Space Design and Intelligence— enhances human physical boundary limited by its body to its surrounding space adopting and fusing technologies such as robotics, structured information, sensor network, object oriented software, software engineering of Robot Technology (RT) middleware, human–robot–interaction, etc. Kukanchi is expected to provide barrier–free environment and support to maintain QoL of daily life for any kind of handicapped people. This special issue features nine excellent papers from researchers devoting efforts to establishing kukanchi field and concept. This special issue is edited by guest editors, Prof. Makoto Mizukawa (Shibaura Institute of Technology) and four editors, Drs. Kazuhito Yokoi (AIST), Tsutomu Hasegawa (Kyushu University), Shigeki Sugano (Waseda University), Yasushi Nakauchi (University of Tsukuba). We thank the authors for their contributions and reviewers for their time and effort in making this special issue possible. We also thank the JRM Editorial Board for providing the opportunity to take part in this work. In closing, we would like to express our deep gratitude to the late Dr. Kazuo Tanie, who founded the Kukanchi research group.
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Naito, Hiroyuki, Akito Tajitsu, Valério A. R. M. Ribeiro, Akira Arai, Hiroyuki Maehara, Shinjirou Kouzuma, Takashi Iijima, et al. "Morpho-kinematic Modeling of the Expanding Ejecta of the Extremely Slow Nova V1280 Scorpii." Astrophysical Journal 932, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c82.
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Abstract Knowledge of the morphology of nova ejecta is essential for fully understanding the physical processes involved in nova eruptions. We studied the 3D morphology of the expanding ejecta of the extremely slow nova V1280 Sco with a unique light curve. Synthetic line profile spectra were compared to the observed [O iii] λλ4959, 5007 and [N ii] λ5755 emission line profiles in order to find the best-fit morphology, inclination angle, and maximum expansion velocity of the ejected shell. We derive the best-fitting expansion velocity, inclination, and squeeze as V exp = 2100 − 100 + 100 km s−1, i = 80 − 3 + 1 deg, and squ = 1.0 − 0.1 + 0.0 using [O iii] line profiles, and V exp = 1600 − 100 + 100 km s−1, i = 81 − 4 + 2 deg, and squ = 1.0 − 0.1 + 0.0 using the [N ii] λ5755 line profile. A high inclination angle is consistent with the observational results showing multiple absorption lines originating from clumpy gases, which are produced in dense and slow equatorially focused outflows. Based on additional observational features such as optical flares near the maximum light and dust formation on V1280 Sco, a model of internal shock interaction between slow ejecta and fast wind proposed for the γ-ray emission detected in other novae seems to be applicable to this extremely slow and peculiar nova. Increasing the sample size of novae whose morphology is studied will be helpful in addressing long-standing mysteries in novae such as the dominant energy source to power the optical light at the maximum, optical flares near the maximum, clumpiness of the ejecta, and dust formation.
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Harrison-Atlas, Dylan, Anthony Lopez, and Eric Lantz. "Dynamic land use implications of rapidly expanding and evolving wind power deployment." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2c.
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Abstract The expansion of wind power poses distinct and varied geographic challenges to a sustainable energy transition. However, current knowledge of its land use impacts and synergies is limited by reliance on static characterizations that overlook the role of turbine technology and plant design in mediating interactions with the environment. Here, we investigate how wind technology development and innovation have shaped landscape interactions with social and ecological systems within the United States and contribute to evolving land area requirements. This work assesses trends in key land use facets of wind power using a holistic set of metrics to establish an evidence base that researchers, technology designers, land use managers, and policymakers can use in envisioning how future wind-intensive energy systems may be jointly optimized for clean energy, social, and environmental objectives. Since 2000, we find dynamic land occupancy patterns and regional trends that are driven by advancing technology and geographic factors. Though most historical U.S. wind deployment has been confined to the temperate grassland biome in the nation’s interior, regional expansion has implicated diverse land use and cover types. A large percentage of the typical wind plant footprint (∼96% to \,$?> > 99%) is not directly impacted by permanent physical infrastructure, allowing for multiple uses in the spaces between turbines. Surprisingly, turbines are commonly close to built structures. Moreover, rangeland and cropland have supported 93.4% of deployment, highlighting potential synergies with agricultural lands. Despite broadly decreasing capacity densities, offsetting technology improvements have stabilized power densities. Land use intensity, defined as the ratio of direct land usage to lifetime power generation of wind facilities, has also trended downwards. Although continued deployment on disturbed lands, and in close proximity to existing wind facilities and other infrastructure, could minimize the extent of impacts, ambitious decarbonization trajectories may predispose particular biomes to cumulative effects and risks from regional wind power saturation. Increased land-use and sustainability feedback in technology and plant design will be critical to sustainable management of wind power.
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Hakak, Alireza Mahdizadeh, Nimish Biloria, and Mozhgan Raouf Rahimi. "Implementing Unconventional Virtual Environments for Enhancing Creativity in Architecture Pedagogy." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 3, no. 4 (October 2012): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jvple.2012100104.
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What can be extracted as a common definition amongst near 100 different definitions of creativity according to different disciplines is: Creativity is a new combination of what you have in your inventory of experiences + intuition. It can be considered that expanding the inventory of experiences can gradually help in novel combination of experiences and intuition. To support and promote such an expansion, experiencing a virtual environment (VE) with unconventional spatial characteristics offers to be an interesting case. VE’s can help in detaching one self from the real-world as regards the sense of time, matter and physical constraints, thus enabling a designer to embody and expand into a new palette of inventory.The authors thus hypothesize from a cognitive point of view that extensiveness extensiveness of experience gained by surfing in unconventional virtual environments can positively be related to both creative performance (enhance interactivity, lateral thinking, idea generation and creativity-supporting cognitive processes (retrieval of unconventional knowledge, recruitment of ideas from unconfined virtual environment for creative idea expansion). The authors also believe that creating a new perception of spatial environment as the first step of architecture pedagogy can be of vital impetus in expanding the educator’s ideas. As a practical suggestion the authors suggest conducting praxis based workshops besides the main academic curriculum in which designers can design, surf, play, manipulate unconventional virtual environment, totally free of any constrains in an immersive, interactive virtual environment.
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Becker, Genevieve Ellen, Jennifer Cashin, Tuan T. Nguyen, and Paul Zambrano. "Expanding Integrated Competency-Focused Health Worker Curricula for Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutrition." Education Sciences 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080518.
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Maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) is important for health, survival, productivity, and development. Knowledgeable, skilled health workers are vital to provide quality care, improve health outcomes, and meet global nutrition targets. When nutrition is not adequately addressed in pre-service curricula, health workers may not be equipped with the knowledge, skills and confidence required to deliver nutrition services and accurate information free of commercial influence. Curriculum review, revision, and competency structuring provides an opportunity to benchmark course topics and content to global standards, to increase focus on learner outcomes, and to facilitate mutual recognition of qualifications across countries and regions. This paper discusses a multistage process to map an existing curriculum, analyse expected competencies, and recognize broader factors when developing a competency-focused curriculum in pre-service education that includes MIYCN. Examples of tools are provided which can be used for review and discussion of curricula and competency at local and national level and to integrate skills such as communication and counselling.
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Keller, Christopher, Anna K. Döring, and Elena Makarova. "Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Serious Gaming in the Field of Vocational Orientation." Education Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13010016.
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This study investigates the effectiveness of the serious game like2be, which has been developed to support the individual career orientation process of adolescents by broadening their occupational horizon. In this paper, we present results from an intervention study with n = 809 adolescents in Swiss schools at the lower secondary education level. To analyze the extent to which cognitive, affective, and motivational factors are stimulated and what influence they have on expanding knowledge about occupations (measured learning outcome), we applied confirmatory factor analysis, multiple linear regression, and a structural equation model. The results indicate that the stimulation of cognitive processes through serious gaming has a statistically significant impact on learning outcome, although such factors as enjoyment, flow experience, or self-perceived benefits in playing like2be did not significantly impact gain in knowledge about occupations.
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Lu, X. G., Z. Ahmad Dar, F. Akbar, D. A. Andrade, M. V. Ascencio, G. D. Barr, A. Bashyal, et al. "Exploring neutrino–nucleus interactions in the GeV regime using MINERvA." European Physical Journal Special Topics 230, no. 24 (November 3, 2021): 4243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00296-6.
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AbstractWith the advance of particle accelerator and detector technologies, the neutrino physics landscape is rapidly expanding. As neutrino oscillation experiments enter the intensity and precision frontiers, neutrino–nucleus interaction measurements are providing crucial input. MINERvA is an experiment at Fermilab dedicated to the study of neutrino–nucleus interactions in the regime of incident neutrino energies from one to few GeV. The experiment recorded neutrino and antineutrino scattering data with the NuMI beamline from 2009 to 2019 using the Low-Energy and Medium-Energy beams that peak at 3GeV and 6GeV, respectively. This article reviews the broad spectrum of interesting nuclear and particle physics that MINERvA investigations have illuminated. The newfound, detailed knowledge of neutrino interactions with nuclear targets thereby obtained is proving essential to continued progress in the neutrino physics sector.
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Mayo-Martínez, Laura, Francisco J. Rupérez, Gabriel Á. Martos-Moreno, Montserrat Graell, Coral Barbas, Jesús Argente, and Antonia García. "Unveiling Metabolic Phenotype Alterations in Anorexia Nervosa through Metabolomics." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 4249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124249.
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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain that affects mainly young women. It courses with a negative body image leading to altered eating behaviors that have devastating physical, metabolic, and psychological consequences for the patients. Although its origin is postulated to be multifactorial, the etiology of AN remains unknown, and this increases the likelihood of chronification and relapsing. Thus, expanding the available knowledge on the pathophysiology of AN is of enormous interest. Metabolomics is proposed as a powerful tool for the elucidation of disease mechanisms and to provide new insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of AN. A review of the literature related to studies of AN patients by employing metabolomic strategies to characterize the main alterations associated with the metabolic phenotype of AN during the last 10 years is described. The most common metabolic alterations are derived from chronic starvation, including amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate disturbances. Nonetheless, recent findings have shifted the attention to gut-microbiota metabolites as possible factors contributing to AN development, progression, and maintenance. We have identified the areas of ongoing research in AN and propose further perspectives to improve our knowledge and understanding of this disease.
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Jame, Y. W., and H. W. Cutforth. "Crop growth models for decision support systems." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-003.
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Studies on crop production are traditionally carried out by using conventional experience-based agronomic research, in which crop production functions were derived from statistical analysis without referring to the underlying biological or physical principles involved. The weaknesses and disadvantages of this approach and the need for greater in-depth analysis have long been recognized. Recently, application of the knowledge-based systems approach to agricultural management has been gaining popularity because of our expanding knowledge of processes that are involved in the growth of plants, coupled with the availability of inexpensive and powerful computers. The systems approach makes use of dynamic simulation models of crop growth and of cropping systems. In the most satisfactory crop growth models, current knowledge of plant growth and development from various disciplines, such as crop physiology, agrometeorology, soil science and agronomy, is integrated in a consistent, quantitative and process-oriented manner. After proper validation, the models are used to predict crop responses to different environments that are either the result of global change or induced by agricultural management and to test alternative crop management options.Computerized decision support systems for field-level crop management are now available. The decision support systems for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) allows users to combine the technical knowledge contained in crop growth models with economic considerations and environmental impact evaluations to facilitate economic analysis and risk assessment of farming enterprises. Thus, DSSAT is a valuable tool to aid the development of a viable and sustainable agricultural industry. The development and validation of crop models can improve our understanding of the underlying processes, pinpoint where our understanding is inadequate, and, hence, support strategic agricultural research. The knowledge-based systems approach offers great potential to expand our ability to make good agricultural management decisions, not only for the current climatic variability, but for the anticipated climatic changes of the future. Key words: Simulation, crop growth, development, management strategy
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Astashova, Nadezhda D. "Scientific Precariat: Individualism versus Collectivism." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 59, no. 3 (2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202259337.
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The article is a reply to Ilya T. Kasavin’s “Creativity as a social phenomenon” and is devoted to the phenomenon of the scientific precariat. A systematic analysis of the relations between the scientific precariat and the academic community as a dialectical opposition of the individual and the collective is undertaken. The method of critical analysis is aimed at rethinking the stable ideas that have developed in science about the collectivity of scientific work. The concepts of labor and employment in science are considered. It is concluded that the global development of digital technologies has led to the disappearance of the boundaries between physical and intellectual labor, against which there is an elevation of creative activity. The availability of information on the Internet, opening up incredible opportunities for research, destroys the monopoly of professional scientific communities on the possession of scientific knowledge. Scientific precarious loudly declare themselves in the public space, demonstrating the boldness and unusual nature of the ideas expressed. Inspired seekers of scientific truth embark on a free voyage through the vastness of the unknown. Traditional scientific communications, while retaining their significance, are enriched with new, non-standard ideas of precarious scientists who, ignoring rules and hierarchies, bring the creative spirit of freedom into modern science. However, the activities of such scientists may have an ambiguous assessment: a precarious scientist completely loses touch with the existing methods and approaches of classical science, and flight from work standards instead of expanding the horizons of scientific creativity turns into new problems caused by “multi-task” and instability of the labor activity of a “free” scientist. Despite the fact that in the conditions of the development of modern society and technology, the opposition of the pair of individual and collective is leveled, many scientists need common structures that determine the development of science, which at the present stage of the development of scientific knowledge are rather represented not by a social organization, but by an intellectual, linguistic and methodological unity focused on the creative development of the world.
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Capozzoli, Luigi, Valeria Giampaolo, Gregory De Martino, Mohamed M. Gomaa, and Enzo Rizzo. "Geoelectrical Measurements to Monitor a Hydrocarbon Leakage in the Aquifer: Simulation Experiment in the Lab." Geosciences 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12100360.
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Hydrocarbons represent one of the most dangerous sources of contamination for environmental resources. Petroleum contaminants released from leaking fuel storage tanks or accidental spillages represent serious worldwide problems. Knowledge of the contaminant distribution in the subsoil is very complex, and direct measurements, such as boreholes or drillings, are strongly required. Even if the direct measurements define accurate information, on the contrary, they have low spatial coverage. Geophysics can effectively support conventional methods of subsoil sampling by expanding the information obtainable, providing to analyze, with higher resolution, larger areas of investigation. Consequently, different geophysical techniques have been used to detect the presence and distribution of hydrocarbons in the subsurface. Electrical resistivity tomography is an efficient geophysical methodology for studying hydrocarbon contamination. Indeed, this methodology allows for the reduction of the number of drillings or soil samples, and several papers described its success. One of the advantages is the possibility to successfully perform analyses in time-lapse to identify the degradation of the contaminants. Indeed, natural attenuation of hydrocarbon contaminants is observed under aerobic conditions due to biodegradation, which should be the principal phenomenon of physical variations of the subsoil. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was conducted in a sandbox to simulate a spillage of common diesel occurring in the vadose zone. The sandbox was monitored for a long period (1 year, approximately) using time-lapse cross borehole electrical resistivity tomographies. Results highlight the usefulness of in-hole electrical tomography for characterizing underground hydrocarbon leakage and the variability of the subsurface physical behavior due to contaminant degradation. Therefore, the experiment demonstrates how the electrical method can monitor the biodegradation processes occurring in the subsoil, defining the possibility of using the methodology during remediation activities.
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Tămaș, Flaviu, Rodica Bălașa, Doina Manu, Gabriel Gyorki, Rareș Chinezu, Corina Tămaș, and Adrian Bălașa. "The Importance of Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Cerebral Metastatic Process." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031449.
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Brain metastases represent more than 50% of all cerebral tumors encountered in clinical practice. Recently, there has been increased interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, and the knowledge about exosomes is constantly expanding. Exosomes are drivers for organotropic metastatic spread, playing important roles in the brain metastatic process by increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and preparing the premetastatic niche. The promising results of the latest experimental studies raise the possibility of one day using exosomes for liquid biopsies or as drug carriers, contributing to early diagnosis and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. In this review, we attempted to summarize the latest knowledge about the role of exosomes in the brain metastatic process and future research directions for the use of exosomes in patients suffering from brain metastatic disease.
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Alhajri, Noora, Mohammad Rustom, Adedayo Adegbile, Weshah Ahmed, Salsabeel Kilidar, and Nariman Afify. "Deciphering the Basis of Molecular Biology of Selected Cardiovascular Diseases: A View on Network Medicine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 11421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911421.
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Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death across the world. For decades, researchers have been studying the causes of cardiovascular disease, yet many of them remain undiscovered or poorly understood. Network medicine is a recently expanding, integrative field that attempts to elucidate this issue by conceiving of disease as the result of disruptive links between multiple interconnected biological components. Still in its nascent stages, this revolutionary application of network science facilitated a number of important discoveries in complex disease mechanisms. As methodologies become more advanced, network medicine harbors the potential to expound on the molecular and genetic complexities of disease to differentiate how these intricacies govern disease manifestations, prognosis, and therapy. This is of paramount importance for confronting the incredible challenges of current and future cardiovascular disease research. In this review, we summarize the principal molecular and genetic mechanisms of common cardiac pathophysiologies as well as discuss the existing knowledge on therapeutic strategies to prevent, halt, or reverse these pathologies.
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Jóźków, Paweł, and Marco Rossato. "The Impact of Intense Exercise on Semen Quality." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 3 (September 19, 2016): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316669045.
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With expanding knowledge on the health benefits of exercise, there is an increasing demand for information on the andrological consequences of participating in sports. These consequences are especially important in the context of infertility problems worldwide. The so-called “male factor” is reported in up to 50% of couples having trouble with conception. The answer to the question, “Is physical activity good for male reproductive health?” is not straightforward. A number of studies have suggested that significant changes in semen parameters may occur due to sports training of certain types, intensities, and durations. The changes to these parameters vary in scope, direction, and magnitude. Findings in recreational athletes have also differed from those in professional athletes. This review of the current literature suggests that intense physical activity may affect the semen concentration, as well as the number of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa. Training at higher intensities and with increased loads seems to be associated with more profound changes in semen quality. In recreational athletes, exercise has either a positive or neutral effect on semen parameters. Due to many limitations (e.g., global sperm count trends, concerns about the quality control of sperm evaluations, and new standards for semen analysis), comparisons among historical data and their interpretation are difficult.
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Solberg, Rigmor, Ngoc Nguyen Lunde, Karl Martin Forbord, Meshail Okla, Moustapha Kassem, and Abbas Jafari. "The Mammalian Cysteine Protease Legumain in Health and Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 15983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415983.
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The cysteine protease legumain (also known as asparaginyl endopeptidase or δ-secretase) is the only known mammalian asparaginyl endopeptidase and is primarily localized to the endolysosomal system, although it is also found extracellularly as a secreted protein. Legumain is involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes and tissue homeostasis, and in the pathogenesis of various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. In addition to its proteolytic activity that leads to the degradation or activation of different substrates, legumain has also been shown to have a nonproteolytic ligase function. This review summarizes the current knowledge about legumain functions in health and disease, including kidney homeostasis, hematopoietic homeostasis, bone remodeling, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, fibrosis, aging and senescence, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In addition, this review addresses the effects of some marketed drugs on legumain. Expanding our knowledge on legumain will delineate the importance of this enzyme in regulating physiological processes and disease conditions.
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Uribe-Martínez, Abigail, María de los Angeles Liceaga-Correa, and Eduardo Cuevas. "Critical In-Water Habitats for Post-Nesting Sea Turtles from the Southern Gulf of Mexico." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080793.
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Marine turtles are globally endangered species that spend more than 95% of their life cycle in in-water habitats. Nevertheless, most of the conservation, recovery and research efforts have targeted the on-land habitats, due to their easier access, where adult females lay their eggs. Targeting the large knowledge gaps on the in-water critical habitats of turtles, particularly in the Large Marine Ecosystem Gulf of Mexico, is crucial for their conservation and recovery in the long term. We used satellite telemetry to track 85 nesting females from their beaches after they nested to identify their feeding and residency habitats, their migratory corridors and to describe the context for those areas. We delimited major migratory corridors in the southern Gulf of Mexico and West Caribbean and described physical features of internesting and feeding home ranges located mainly around the Yucatan Peninsula and Veracruz, Mexico. We also contributed by describing general aggregation and movement patterns for the four marine turtle species in the Atlantic, expanding the knowledge of the studied species. Several tracked individuals emigrated from the Gulf of Mexico to as far as Nicaragua, Honduras, and the Bahamas. This information is critical for identifying gaps in marine protection and for deciphering the spatial connectivity in large ocean basins, and it provides an opportunity to assess potential impacts on marine turtle populations and their habitats.
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CIOBANU, Elena, Catalina CROITORU, Greta BALAN, Vladimir BERNIC, Olga BURDUNIUC, and Alina FERDOHLEB. "„Phage treatment and wetland technology as intervention strategy to prevent dissemination of antibiotic resistance in surface waters”- a project launch in low-middle in-come countries of Eastern Europe." One Health & Risk Management 3, no. 2S (March 20, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38045/ohrm.2022.2.05.
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Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is a widespread and tough challenge, if not impossible, to limit by biological, physical or geographical barriers. This is the reason behind the "One Health" approach, which guides all rules and research plans on antimicrobial resistance worldwide. The abusive and excessive use of antimicrobials in human medicine, veterinary practices, agriculture and aquaculture has traditionally been considered the main reason for the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose was to assess the epidemiological risk of wastewater as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria concerning public health, focusing on low- and middle-income Eastern European countries.
Material and methods. To achieve this goal, the development of a secure, cost-effective and sustainable technology has been planned, which could easily be introduced in low- and middle-income countries. There have been outlined the following steps: mapping the consumption of antimicrobial emulsions at the national level (primary, cross-sectional study, complete sampling, based on imported data and centralized public acquirement of medicines); research regarding the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population on antimicrobial resistance (primary, cross-sectional, descriptive study); qualitative and descriptive evaluation of barriers to reduce the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance by the healthcare services; research regarding the knowledge, attitudes and practices in human and veterinary healthcare on antimicrobial resistance (primary, cross-sectional, descriptive study); screening and investigation of the microbial resistance mechanisms to the strains isolated from patients with infectious pathological processes (preclinical study); analysis of the specific features and sampling of the Constructed Wetlands in Orhei (preclinical study). The Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health of RM positively approved the Research PhageLand.
Results. The obtained results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the involved factors that are generating the broadening of antimicrobial resistance and how they influence the transmission among different hosts (bacteria, animals and humans). Moreover, it can also have a major impact to the engineering field and wastewater management companies by expanding the range of tools with sophisticated technologies, designed to reduce the risk of transmitting antimicrobial resistance in wastewater and improve sewerage practices.
Conclusions. The effective use of knowledge and practices in the worldwide fight against antimicrobial resistance, providing useful data, applicable knowledge, efficient, environmentally friendly and cost-effective protocols and technologies, which can be scaled, implemented and used at the European and international levels with no economic or geographical obstacles.
Acknowledgment. The research was conducted in the Republic of Moldova within the JPIAMR projects (PhageLand), project number - 22.80013.8007.1.
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Pekhnyo, Vasyl, Anatoliy Omel’chuk, and Olga Linyucheva. "SCIENTIFIC ELECTROCHEMICAL SCHOOL OF KYIV." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 6 (July 27, 2022): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.06.2022.71-101.
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An overview dedicates to the directions of scientific research and achieved results in the field of electrochemistry, initiated by scientific institutions and in higher educational institutions of Kyiv. Academician O.V. Plotnikov is the forerunner of the world- known Kyiv School of Electrochemistry, formed in the last century's twenties: M.I. Usanovych, V.O. Izbekov, Ya.A. Fialkov, Yu.K. Delimarskyi, I.A. Sheka, and many other scientists known to the general scientific community. O.V. Plotnikov and his followers are one of the first to attempt to combine the most progressive theoretical provisions on electrolytic dissociation, the chemical theory of solutions, and the chemistry of complex compounds for that time. World achievements of the Kyiv School of Electrochemistry were provided by the results of such fundamental research as the chemical theory of solutions, acid-base interactions (Usanovich's theory), the structure of the electric double layer (the Yesin-Markov effect, the reduced Antropov scale of potentials), physical chemistry and electrochemistry of molten electrolytes, kinetics electrode processes, electrometallurgy, electrochemical materials science, electrochemical power engineering. Representatives of our School significantly expanded the knowledge of mass transfer in electrochemical systems with molten electrolytes (the phenomenon of the transfer of metals from the anode to the cathode). New technological processes of obtaining and refining heavy non-ferrous metals (bismuth, lead, indium, etc.), finishing metal surfaces, extraction of radionuclides, electroplating technology, and environmental monitoring have been introduced into the practice of industrial production. Research in electrochemical materials science is closely connected to solving the problems of electrochemical energy, particularly, the creation of new sources of current, including solid-state, hydrogen generators, and converters of solar energy into electrical power. The studies of electrochemical aspects of the extraction of some refractory metals from natural raw materials, the creation of new materials with specified functional properties, catalysts, and electrocatalysts, the latest galvanic coatings, electrode and electrolyte materials for chemical current sources and supercapacitors, valuable inorganic compounds, metal and carbon nanophases, corrosion inhibitors are expanding the scientific direction of electrochemical materials science.
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Caristia, Filigheddu, Barone-Adesi, Sarro, Testa, Magnani, Aimaretti, Faggiano, and Marzullo. "Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2019): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102384.
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Background: The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic diseases is known. The identification of vitamin D as a biomarker of physiological/pathological ageing could contribute to expanding current knowledge of its involvement in healthy ageing. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on cohorts studying the role of 25OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations as biomarkers of healthy ageing. We consulted MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to search for studies on the association between vitamin D status in populations of originally healthy adults, and outcomes of longevity, illness, and physical and cognitive functionality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results: Twenty cohorts from 24 articles were selected for this review. Inverse associations were found between low 25(OH)D levels and all-cause mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular events, as well as markers relating to hip and non-vertebral fractures. Associations between 1,25(OH)2D and healthy ageing outcomes gave similar results, although of lower clinical significance. Conclusions: This systematic review pinpoints peculiar aspects of vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.
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MAHONY, MARTIN. "The ‘genie of the storm’: cyclonic reasoning and the spaces of weather observation in the southern Indian Ocean, 1851–1925." British Journal for the History of Science 51, no. 4 (December 2018): 607–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087418000766.
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AbstractThis article engages with debates about the status and geographies of colonial science by arguing for the significance of meteorological knowledge making in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Mauritius. The article focuses on how tropical storms were imagined, theorized and anticipated by an isolated – but by no means peripheral – cast of meteorologists who positioned Mauritius as an important centre of calculation in an expanding infrastructure of maritime meteorology. Charles Meldrum in particular earned renown in the mid-nineteenth century for theoretical insights into cyclone behaviour and for achieving an unprecedented spatial reach in synoptic meteorology. But as the influx of weather data dried up towards the end of the century, attention turned to developing practices of ‘single-station forecasting’, by which cyclones might be foreseen and predicted not through extended observational networks, but by careful study of the behaviour of one set of instruments in one place. These practices created new moral economies of risk and responsibility, as well as a ‘poetry’, as one meteorologist described it, in the instrumental, sensory and imaginative engagement with a violent atmospheric environment. Colonial Indian Ocean ‘cyclonology’ offers an opportunity to reflect on how the physical, economic and cultural geographies of an island colony combined to produce spaces of weather observation defined by both connection and disconnection, the latter to be overcome not only by infrastructure, but also by the imagination.
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Mirsafian, Hamidreza, and Azadeh Mohamadinejad. "Overview of University Sport in Iran." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 52, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-011-0015-7.
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Overview of University Sport in IranThis article focuses on the structure and management systems of sport at Iranian universities. The method of this research was through an analysis of documents. Sport in the system of Iranian universities is divided into three different categories. The physical education department of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran is responsible for sport at universities in the country, and managing sport affairs. Authority was granted to secretariats in the various regions so that decision making would be decentralized due to the large size of the country and the large number of universities in the various geographical regions. Due to this great geographical diversity, universities should continue their activities under the supervision of sport secretariats in their given regions. The participation of students in sport activities at Iranian universities was calculated in three categories; students with different interests and skills can participate in various numbers of sports, championships, and sport festivals. At this time, with regards to the scientific attitudes towards sport and physical activities and the expanding culture of sport at Iranian universities, the number of participants in sport activities is increasing. In the conclusion it is stated that improving the knowledge and attention of students regarding the importance of sport in different aspects of education and life, as well as the recognition of present barriers and support of campus volunteers, could help to increase the participation of students in sport activities. Moreover, the allocation of more power and authority to each region, as well as holding different local and traditional sport festivals, could help to improve the development of sport at Iranian universities.
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Romanenko, Nadezhda Yu. "ECONOMIC CONSCIOUSNESS AS A MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 5, no. 12 (2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.12.05.001.
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In modern realities, physical and mental activity come to the fore, allowing the entrepreneur to maximize the use of available resources, both his own and those presented by the environment. Only in the presence of these psychological characteristics, the leader is able to manifest an ontological essence that allows him to achieve high efficiency of the subordinate team. The article substantiates the need to understand that economic consciousness is not a substance di-vorced from the world and everything earthly. On the contrary, the principles of clarity, comprehensibility, and objectivity should be laid at the basis of economic thought in any of its manifestations. Professionalism in entrepreneurial activity must be based on universal standards. No one has canceled the originality and creativity of thinking, and it is they who become the basis of modern economic thinking. But completely ignoring the spiritual foundations, traditions or opposing their ac-tivities to them is fraught with transition (as Darth Vader said) “on the dark side of economic consciousness”. Separately, the author highlights such a concept as the ethics of an entrepreneur, determined by the norms and standards of a cultural society. The development of economic thinking of any person is impossible without practice. One theory or even simulators, simulators can not do. Consciousness and thinking are formed only through active behavior. By expanding the range of interests in professional activity, a person is forced to learn new things, be-comes richer not only in educational or economic terms, but also morally and socially. Through active actions, there is the development of intelligence, the formation of experience and wisdom, the knowledge of the laws of society and being.
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Mielecki, Jakub, Piotr Gawroński, and Stanisław Karpiński. "Retrograde Signaling: Understanding the Communication between Organelles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 6173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176173.
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Understanding how cell organelles and compartments communicate with each other has always been an important field of knowledge widely explored by many researchers. However, despite years of investigations, one point—and perhaps the only point that many agree on—is that our knowledge about cellular-signaling pathways still requires expanding. Chloroplasts and mitochondria (because of their primary functions in energy conversion) are important cellular sensors of environmental fluctuations and feedback they provide back to the nucleus is important for acclimatory responses. Under stressful conditions, it is important to manage cellular resources more efficiently in order to maintain a proper balance between development, growth and stress responses. For example, it can be achieved through regulation of nuclear and organellar gene expression. If plants are unable to adapt to stressful conditions, they will be unable to efficiently produce energy for growth and development—and ultimately die. In this review, we show the importance of retrograde signaling in stress responses, including the induction of cell death and in organelle biogenesis. The complexity of these pathways demonstrates how challenging it is to expand the existing knowledge. However, understanding this sophisticated communication may be important to develop new strategies of how to improve adaptability of plants in rapidly changing environments.
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Yap, Tami, Neha Pruthi, Christine Seers, Simone Belobrov, Michael McCullough, and Antonio Celentano. "Extracellular Vesicles in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041197.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from most cell types and utilized in a complex network of near and distant cell-to-cell communication. Insight into this complex nanoscopic interaction in the development, progression and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and precancerous oral mucosal disorders, termed oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), remains of interest. In this review, we comprehensively present the current state of knowledge of EVs in OSCC and OPMDs. A systematic literature search strategy was developed and updated to December 17, 2019. Fifty-five articles were identified addressing EVs in OSCC and OPMDs with all but two articles published from 2015, highlighting the novelty of this research area. Themes included the impact of OSCC-derived EVs on phenotypic changes, lymph-angiogenesis, stromal immune response, mechanisms of therapeutic resistance as well as utility of EVs for drug delivery in OSCC and OPMD. Interest and progress of knowledge of EVs in OSCC and OPMD has been expanding on several fronts. The oral cavity presents a unique and accessible microenvironment for nanoparticle study that could present important models for other solid tumours.
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Li, Huiying, Dehua Mao, Xiaoyan Li, Zongming Wang, and Cuizhen Wang. "Monitoring 40-Year Lake Area Changes of the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau, Using Landsat Time Series." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (February 9, 2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030343.
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Areal changes of high-altitude inland lakes on the Qaidam Basin (QB) of the Tibetan Plateau are reliable indicators of climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. Due to the physical difficulties to access, our knowledge of the spatial patterns and processes of climatic and human impacts on the Basin has been limited. Focusing on lake area changes, this study used long-term Landsat images to map the patterns of lakes and glaciers in 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2015, and to monitor the spatially explicit changes of lakes between 1977 and 2015. Results revealed that the total number of lakes (area > 0.5 km2) increased by 18, while their total area expanded by 29.8%, from 1761.5 ± 88.1 km2 to 2285.9 ± 91.4 km2. Meanwhile, glaciers have decreased in area by 259.16 km2 in the past four decades. The structural equation model (SEM) was applied to examine the integrative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on lake area. Precipitation change exhibited the most significant influence on lake area in the QB from 1977 to 2000, while human activities also played an important role in the expansion of lakes in the QB in the period 2000–2015. In particular, extensive exploitation of salt lakes as mining resources resulted in severe changes in lake area and landscape. The continuously expanding salt lakes inundated the road infrastructure nearby, posing great threats to road safety. This study shed new light on the impacts of recent environmental changes and human interventions on lakes in the Qaidam Basin, which could assist policy-making for protecting the lakes and for strengthening the ecological improvement of this vast, arid basin.
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Elovsson, Greta, Liza Bergkvist, and Ann-Christin Brorsson. "Exploring Aβ Proteotoxicity and Therapeutic Candidates Using Drosophila melanogaster." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910448.
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Alzheimer’s disease is a widespread and devastating neurological disorder associated with proteotoxic events caused by the misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide. To find therapeutic strategies to combat this disease, Drosophila melanogaster has proved to be an excellent model organism that is able to uncover anti-proteotoxic candidates due to its outstanding genetic toolbox and resemblance to human disease genes. In this review, we highlight the use of Drosophila melanogaster to both study the proteotoxicity of the amyloid-β peptide and to screen for drug candidates. Expanding the knowledge of how the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease is related to proteotoxicity and how drugs can be used to block disease progression will hopefully shed further light on the field in the search for disease-modifying treatments.
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Radke, Sarah C., Sara E. Vogel, Jasmine Y. Ma, Christopher Hoadley, and Laura Ascenzi-Moreno. "Emergent Bilingual Middle Schoolers’ Syncretic Reasoning in Statistical Modeling." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 124, no. 5 (May 2022): 206–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681221104141.
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Background/Context: Bi/multilingual students’ STEM learning is better supported when educators leverage their language and cultural practices as resources, but STEM subject divisions have been historically constructed based on oppressive, dominant values and exclude the ways of knowing of nondominant groups. Truly promoting equity requires expanding and transforming STEM disciplines. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This article contributes to efforts to illuminate emergent bi/multilingual students’ ways of knowing, languaging, and doing in STEM. We follow the development of syncretic literacies in relation to translanguaging practices, asking, How do knowledges and practices from different communities get combined and reorganized by students and teachers in service of new modeling practices? Setting and Participants: We focus on a seventh-grade science classroom, deliberately designed to support syncretic literacies and translanguaging practices, where computer science concepts were infused into the curriculum through modeling activities. The majority of the students in the bilingual program had arrived in the United States at most three years before enrolling, from the Caribbean and Central and South America. Research Design: We analyze one lesson that was part of a larger research–practice partnership focused on teaching computer science through leveraging translanguaging practices and syncretic literacies. The lesson was a modeling and computing activity codesigned by the teacher and two researchers about post–Hurricane María outmigration from Puerto Rico. Analysis used microethnographic methods to trace how students assembled translanguaging, social, and schooled practices to make sense of and construct models. Findings/Results: Findings show how students assembled representational forms from a variety of practices as part of accomplishing and negotiating both designed and emergent goals. These included sensemaking, constructing, explaining, justifying, and interpreting both the physical and computational models of migration. Conclusions/Recommendations: Implications support the development of theory and pedagogy that intentionally make space for students to engage in meaning-making through translanguaging and syncretic practices in order to provide new possibilities for lifting up STEM learning that may include, but is not constrained by, disciplinary learning. Additional implications for teacher education and student assessment practices call for reconceptualizing schooling beyond day-to-day curriculum as part of making an ontological shift away from prioritizing math, science, and CS disciplinary and language objectives as defined by and for schooling, and toward celebrating, supporting, and centering students’ diverse, syncretic knowledges and knowledge use.
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Mitic, Vojislav, Goran Lazovic, Dragan Djordjevic, Maja Stankovic, Vesna Paunovic, Nenad Krstic, and Jelena Manojlovic. "Butler-Volmer current equation and fractal nature correction in electrochemical energy." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200117232m.
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The Global Energy Crisis necessitated improving research into new, renewable and alternative energy sources. Due to that, our focus is on the area of some phenomena and applications where different synthetic methods and microstructure property optimization achieved significant improvement in the electro physical properties of output materials and components. This is especially important for higher energy efficiency and electricity production (batteries and battery systems, fuel cells, and hydrogen energy).The improvement of energy storage tank capacity is one of the most important development issues in the energy sphere too. It?s because of this very promising research and application area that we are expanding the knowledge on these phenomena through fractal nature analysis. So, the results obtained in the field of electrochemical energy sources, especially in electrolyte development, are taken into account the analysis of fractal nature optimization. Based on the research field of fractal material science, particularly electronic materials, we conducted research in microstructure fractal influence in the area of electrochemistry. We investigated the consolidation parameters of Fe2O3 redox processes. The influence of activation energy, fundamental thermodynamic parameters, and also the fractal correction of electrode surface area through complex fractal dimension with recognized grains and pores, and the Brownian motion of particles is introduced. Finally, the electrochemical Butler-Volmer equation fractalization is obtained. These results practically open new frontiers in electrochemical energy processes performed through the Arrhenius equation within electrolyte bulk and electrode relations and more complete and precise energy generation.
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Laird, Mathilde, Carole Carcel, Masafumi Unno, John R. Bartlett, and Michel Wong Chi Man. "Thiolated Janus Silsesquioxane Tetrapod: New Precursors for Functional Materials." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 7680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227680.
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Herein, we report synthetic strategies for the development of a bifunctional Janus T4 tetrapod (Janus ring), in which the orthogonal silsesquioxane and organic faces are independently functionalized. An all-cis T4 tetrasilanolate was functionalized to introduce thiol moieties on the silsesquioxane face and naphthyl groups on the organic face to introduce luminescent and self-organization properties. The stepwise synthesis conditions required to prepare such perfectly defined oligomers via a suite of well-defined intermediates and to avoid polymerization or reactions over all eight positions of the tetrapod are explored via 29Si, 13C and 1H NMR, FTIR and TOF-ESI mass spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few reports of Janus T4 tetrapods, with different functional groups located on both faces of the molecule, thus expanding the potential range of applications for these versatile precursors.
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Kim, Hee-Jeong. "Socio-Cultural Development Approach to Investigate Teacher Learning across Two Contexts." Education Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11020037.
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Teacher professional learning occurs across various contexts. Previous studies on teacher learning and changes in practice have focused on either classroom contexts or learning communities outside of school, but have rarely investigated teacher learning across multiple contexts. Investigating teacher learning across the double contexts of classroom and learning community has presented methodological challenges. In response, this paper proposes the suitability of adopting a socio-cultural development framework to further the analytical approach to such challenges. Using the framework, this paper considers the case study of a middle school mathematics teacher who resolved a problem of teaching practice through interacting with other members of the community of practice where they build shared goals and knowledge. This paper contributes to the field by expanding the scope of research on teacher learning across these two contexts, in which problem of practice becomes conceptual resources that the teacher uses in her teaching practice.
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Decker, Aaron P., Abraham F. Mechesso, and Guangshun Wang. "Expanding the Landscape of Amino Acid-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides: Definition, Deployment in Nature, Implications for Peptide Design and Therapeutic Potential." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 12874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112874.
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Unlike the α-helical and β-sheet antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), our knowledge on amino acid-rich AMPs is limited. This article conducts a systematic study of rich AMPs (>25%) from different life kingdoms based on the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD) using the program R. Of 3425 peptides, 724 rich AMPs were identified. Rich AMPs are more common in animals and bacteria than in plants. In different animal classes, a unique set of rich AMPs is deployed. While histidine, proline, and arginine-rich AMPs are abundant in mammals, alanine, glycine, and leucine-rich AMPs are common in amphibians. Ten amino acids (Ala, Cys, Gly, His, Ile, Lys, Leu, Pro, Arg, and Val) are frequently observed in rich AMPs, seven (Asp, Glu, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Tyr) are occasionally observed, and three (Met, Asn, and Gln) were not yet found. Leucine is much more frequent in forming rich AMPs than either valine or isoleucine. To date, no natural AMPs are simultaneously rich in leucine and lysine, while proline, tryptophan, and cysteine-rich peptides can simultaneously be rich in arginine. These findings can be utilized to guide peptide design. Since multiple candidates are potent against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, rich AMPs stand out as promising future antibiotics.
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Dondalska, Aleksandra, Sandra Axberg Pålsson, and Anna-Lena Spetz. "Is There a Role for Immunoregulatory and Antiviral Oligonucleotides Acting in the Extracellular Space? A Review and Hypothesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 14593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314593.
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Here, we link approved and emerging nucleic acid-based therapies with the expanding universe of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and the innate immune responses that sense oligonucleotides taken up into endosomes. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, 8, and 9 are located in endosomes and can detect nucleic acids taken up through endocytic routes. These receptors are key triggers in the defense against viruses and/or bacterial infections, yet they also constitute an Achilles heel towards the discrimination between self- and pathogenic nucleic acids. The compartmentalization of nucleic acids and the activity of nucleases are key components in avoiding autoimmune reactions against nucleic acids, but we still lack knowledge on the plethora of nucleic acids that might be released into the extracellular space upon infections, inflammation, and other stress responses involving increased cell death. We review recent findings that a set of single-stranded oligonucleotides (length of 25–40 nucleotides (nt)) can temporarily block ligands destined for endosomes expressing TLRs in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. We discuss knowledge gaps and highlight the existence of a pool of RNA with an approximate length of 30–40 nt that may still have unappreciated regulatory functions in physiology and in the defense against viruses as gatekeepers of endosomal uptake through certain routes.
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Upmeier zu Belzen, Annette, Paul Engelschalt, and Dirk Krüger. "Modeling as Scientific Reasoning—The Role of Abductive Reasoning for Modeling Competence." Education Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090495.
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While the hypothetico-deductive approach, which includes inductive and deductive reasoning, is largely recognized in scientific reasoning, there is not much focus on abductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning describes the theory-based attempt of explaining a phenomenon by a cause. By integrating abductive reasoning into a framework for modeling competence, we strengthen the idea of modeling being a key practice of science. The framework for modeling competence theoretically describes competence levels structuring the modeling process into model construction and model application. The aim of this theoretical paper is to extend the framework for modeling competence by including abductive reasoning, with impact on the whole modeling process. Abductive reasoning can be understood as knowledge expanding in the process of model construction. In combination with deductive reasoning in model application, such inferences might enrich modeling processes. Abductive reasoning to explain a phenomenon from the best fitting guess is important for model construction and may foster the deduction of hypotheses from the model and further testing them empirically. Recent studies and examples of learners’ performance in modeling processes support abductive reasoning being a part of modeling competence within scientific reasoning. The extended framework can be used for teaching and learning to foster scientific reasoning competences within modeling processes.