Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences'
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Backhouse, Peter. "Medical knowledge, medical power : doctors and health policy in Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb126.pdf.
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Kairouz, Joseph. "Patient data management system medical knowledge-base evaluation." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24060.
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The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the medical data management expert system at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Montreal Children's Hospital. The objective of this study is to provide a systematic method to evaluate and, progressively improve the knowledge embedded in the medical expert system.Following a literature survey on evaluation techniques and architecture of existing expert systems, an overview of the Patient Data Management System hardware and software components is presented. The design of the Expert Monitoring System is elaborated. Following its installation in the intensive Care Unit, the performance of the Expert Monitoring System is evaluated, operating on real vital sign data and corrections were formulated. A progressive evaluation technique, new methodology for evaluating an expert system knowledge-base is proposed for subsequent corrections and evaluations of the Expert Monitoring System.
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Tortorella, Genova Toni. "Evaluating Medical-Surgical Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain| A Descriptive Comparative Analysis." Thesis, The William Paterson University of New Jersey, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3617158.
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Background: Pain is part of the human experience. The management of pain is a problem of significant magnitude in the United States. Nurses are on the forefront of this issue with the capacity to assess and respond to patients needs. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pain can predict the nurses' ability to adequately meet patient's pain reduction needs.
Objective: The aim of this DNP project was to replicate a 1996 study comparing outcomes of the attitudes and knowledge regarding pain survey of a convenience sample of medical-surgical nurses in 2013 with nurses from 1996 to determine if attitudes towards pain have changed.
Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative design. The Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (NKASRP) and a demographic survey were utilized to assess the nurses' knowledge level and attitudes toward pain and pain management.
Sample: A convenience sample of nurses (n=58) from nine in-patient, medical-surgical units at a large multi-facility health care system volunteered to participate.
Results: No significant differences were found between the attitudes on pain from the 1996 and 2013 respondents. The mean score on the NKASRP was 67%. No significant correlations were identified between any demographic variable and nurses' scores.
Conclusion: Despite increased educational preparation since 1996, the mean score on the NKASRP remained well below what is considered average knowledge. Nursing academics and hospital orientations need to evaluate nurses' attitudes and knowledge and provide the education that can help nurses provide adequate pain management to patients.
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Houston, Andrea Lynn 1954. "Knowledge integration for medical informatics: An experiment on a cancer information system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288868.
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This research investigated the question of whether automatic or system-generated information classification methods can help humans better manage information. A series of four experiments were conducted; they investigated the usability (i.e., usefulness) of two automatic approaches to information classification, the concept space approach and a Kohonen-based SOM approach in the context of information retrieval. The concept space approach was evaluated in three different domains: Electronic Brainstorming (EBS) sessions, the Internet, and medical literature (the CancerLit collection). The Kohonen-based SOM approach was evaluated in the Internet and medical literature (CancerLit) domains only. In each case, the approach under investigation was compared with existing systems in order to demonstrate performance viability. The basic premise that information management, in particular information retrieval, can be successfully supported by system-based information classification techniques and that humans would find such techniques viable and useful was supported by the experiments. The concept space approach was more successful than the Kohonen-based SOM approach. After modifications to the algorithms based on user feedback from the EBS experiments had been made, users found the concept space approach results to be comparable (in the Internet study) or superior (in the CancerLit study) to existing information classification systems. The key future enhancement will be incorporation of better ways to identify document descriptors through syntactic and semantic front-end processing. The Kohonen-based SOM approach was considered difficult to use in all but one specialized case (the dynamic SOM created as part of the CancerLit prototype). This can probably be attributed to the fact that its associative organization does not match with the standard mental models (hierarchical and alphabetic) for information classification.
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Goldstein, Theodore C. "Tools for extracting actionable medical knowledge from genomic big data." Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3589324.
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Cancer is an ideal target for personal genomics-based medicine that uses high-throughput genome assays such as DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, and expression analysis (collectively called omics); however, researchers and physicians are overwhelmed by the quantities of big data from these assays and cannot interpret this information accurately without specialized tools. To address this problem, I have created software methods and tools called OCCAM (OmiC data Cancer Analytic Model) and DIPSC (Differential Pathway Signature Correlation) for automatically extracting knowledge from this data and turning it into an actionable knowledge base called the activitome. An activitome signature measures a mutation's effect on the cellular molecular pathway. As well, activitome signatures can also be computed for clinical phenotypes. By comparing the vectors of activitome signatures of different mutations and clinical outcomes, intrinsic relationships between these events may be uncovered. OCCAM identifies activitome signatures that can be used to guide the development and application of therapies. DIPSC overcomes the confounding problem of correlating multiple activitome signatures from the same set of samples. In addition, to support the collection of this big data, I have developed MedBook, a federated distributed social network designed for a medical research and decision support system. OCCAM and DIPSC are two of the many apps that will operate inside of MedBook. MedBook extends the Galaxy system with a signature database, an end-user oriented application platform, a rich data medical knowledge-publishing model, and the Biomedical Evidence Graph (BMEG). The goal of MedBook is to improve the outcomes by learning from every patient.
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Odisho, Helen, and Hina Khan. "Oral health knowledge among nursing students." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Oral hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36308.
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Background: Oral health is a part of general health and it is therefore important that nurses are able to detect abnormalities in the mouth to refer to dental care. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine oral health knowledge regarding oral diseases and oral hygiene among nursing students at two universities - InHolland University and University of Victoria [UVic]. Method: This study has a quantitative cross-sectional design based on a questionnaire. Chi-square tests were made to discover differences between the two universities. Results: The study consists of a total of 105 questionnaires. The participants had good knowledge of oral hygiene. Concerning knowledge about dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis, limited knowledge and several statistical significant differences between the universities were found. The extent of the oral health education was between 1-10 hours in the respective universities. Several nurses considered that they did not feel ready or were unsure if they have enough knowledge about oral health for their future work. Conclusion: The study has shown that the nursing students at both InHolland University and UVic have basic knowledge regarding oral hygiene but moderate knowledge in oral diseases regarding development and prevention of dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis.Bakgrund: Oral hälsa är en del av allmän hälsa och därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor kan upptäcka eventuella avvikelser i munnen för att remittera vidare till tandvård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka kunskap om oral hälsa gällande orala sjukdomar och munhygien bland sjuksköterskestudenter vid InHolland University och University of Victoria [UVic]. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med enkät som datainsamlingsmetod genomfördes bland tredje års sjuksköterskestudenter vid InHolland University och UVic. Chi-2 tester utfördes för att jämföra variabler mellan universiteten. Resultat: Studien består av totalt 105 enkäter. Resultatet avseende munhygien visade på goda kunskaper inom ämnet. Resultatet avseende kunskaper om karies, gingivit samt parodontit visade på en begränsad kunskap och skillnader återfanns mellan universiteten. Omfattningen av utbildning inom oral hälsa på programmen låg mellan 1-10 timmar på båda universiteten. Flera sjuksköterskestudenter ansåg att de inte kände sig redo eller var osäkra på om de var redo att tillämpa sina kunskaper inom oral hälsa, genom att upptäcka och jobba preventivt, i framtida arbetet. Slutsats: Studien visar att sjuksköterskestudenter har grundläggande kunskaper avseende munhygienen men måttlig kunskap inom orala sjukdomar avseende uppkomst och prevention av karies, gingivit och parodontit.
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Karlsson, Sofie, and Palm Fredrika Lundberg. "Patients knowledge about caries prevention and oral hygiene - a comparative study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154179.
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Background: The caries aetiology is individual and multifactorial, and even though common causes are known to professionals, patients still suffer from the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if the patient care education of today is optimal. The research question stated is if knowledge about caries prevention and self-care in the population is equal irrespective of age. Methods: A questionnaire was designed and distributed to participants in two age groups, equally divided in two Swedish cities. The groups were constituted by adolescents aged 16-21 and senior citizens over 60 years of age. Results: The findings indicate a higher tooth brushing frequency and use of interproximal hygiene aid among the elder population. The older age group claimed to have received information and instructions to a higher extent than the younger group. All participants showed poor knowledge regarding utilisation, dosage and beneficial properties of fluoride. The majority were willing to receive more information about oral hygiene and how to maintain good oral health, but an equal number was not interested in paying for more information. Conclusions: In conclusion, most of the responders are performing basic oral hygiene. However, there are still some knowledge gaps remaining, whereas knowledge about caries prevention and self-care in the population is unequal in respect of age; the older population proved to be more well-informed.
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Alshahrani, Waleed. "INVESTIGATING KNOWLEDGE, STRESS PREVALENCE, AND STRESSORS IN RELATION TO STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1563408729106448.
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Shebel, Batoul, and Lisa Schön. "Adolescent Knowledge about the Influence of Smoking on Periodontal Health- Value of Intervention. A Pilot Survey." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155435.
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Background:Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis, and tobacco use among adults has remained unaltered at 25 % between 2007 to 2016. Dental personnel are important informers about health risks of smoking including the association between smoking and periodontitis. Aims and methods:A survey was conducted where three schools in Umeå, Sweden participated. 128 students were divided into a control and a test group. An intervention including a lecture about healthy oral conditions was given to the control group and a lecture about smoking and its association to periodontitis to the test group. Questionnaires about the students smoking habits and their knowledge about adverse effects of smoking were filled in by the students before and after the intervention. The aim of the study was to investigate if short information given by dental personnel could change the attitude to smoking and the knowledge about its correlation to periodontitis among adolescents. Results:According to our study, 28/128 students (22 %) smoked at baseline. At follow up, the students in the test group demonstrated increased knowledge about the effects of smoking on periodontal health compared to the control group. Motivating factors to quit smoking were the aesthetical side effects of smoking and its association to periodontitis. Conclusion:The study suggested that short information in school can alter the attitude toward smoking and may serve as a useful tool to prevent smoking in adolescents. Knowledge about adverse aesthetical and periodontal effects of smoking may be useful in smoking prevention.
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Houghton, Caryn C. "Looking for pleasure or knowledge? Dissecting the narcissistic medical gaze of William Hunter (1718-1783)." Thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526311.
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The images of dissected pregnant women in William Hunter's atlas Anatomia Uteri Humani Gravidi published in 1774 were among the first realistic, highly detailed illustrations of fetal development and pregnant female physiology. Commissioned by Hunter, the images established scientific truth about female reproductive anatomy, a previously misunderstood field, and aided in the elevation of the work of male-midwives to that of respected obstetricians. The fetal image he presented, like a Lacanian mirror, also opened the door into the psyche of William Hunter. Driven by his passion for anatomical research, Hunter pursued the uncharted territories of female anatomy and fetal development in a narcissistic path of self-aggrandizement. The thesis herein compares Hunter's images to historical images to examine Hunter's unique and innovative qualities. Hunter's images demystify the Jungian maternal archetype and reflect his desire to create artful images. The ethical use of the human body in the arts is also discussed.
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Rodriguez, M. "Knowledge Discovery in a Review of Monograph Acquisitions at an Academic Health Sciences Library." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/528.
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This study evaluates monograph acquisition decisions at an academic health sciences library using circulation and acquisitions data. The goal was to provide insight regarding how to allocate library funds to support research and education in disciplines of interest to the library user base. Data analysis revealed that allocations in 13 subject areas should be reviewed as the cost of circulation was greater than the average cost of circulation of the sample and the average cost of monographs was higher in these subject areas than the average cost of monographs in the sample. In contrast, 13 subjects returned cost of circulation rates lower than the average cost of circulation of the sample. These subjects merit stable budget allocation or increased allocation depending upon collection needs. Overall, this study found that this library is allocating a majority of resources to subjects with above average rates of use.
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Shahidullah, Jeffrey D. PhD, Paul W. PhD Kettlewell, Kathryn MD DeHart, Kris MD Rooney, Ilene MA Ladd, Tyler BS Bogaczyk, Amy PhD Signore, and Sharon L. PhD Larson. "An Empirical Approach to Assessing Pediatric Residents' Attitudes, Knowledge and Skills in Primary Care Behavioral Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/ijhse/vol4/iss2/4.
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This paper describes an empirical approach to assessing pediatric residents' attitudes, knowledge and skills in primary care behavioral health. Outcomes from that assessment approach are presented from two pediatric residency training programs in the northeastern United States. Thirty-six pediatric residents completed attitudes, knowledge and skills surveys. The survey was developed to align with the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Policy Statement in 2009 citing aspirational competencies for pediatricians in primary care behavioral health. This alignment addressed both learner variables (attitudes, knowledge, and skills) as well as clinical presentations (ADHD, anxiety, depression, and suicide) highlighted in the policy statement. The survey specifically inquired about self-reported confidence and comfort in managing behavioral health concerns using evidence-based practice parameters (attitudes and knowledge) and their measured ability to deliver evidence-based care in response to clinical vignettes (skills). Findings largely revealed no statistically significant differences in attitudes, knowledge or skills between interns and upper-level residents. Training programs can use the approach described in this paper and the assessment instrument with some possible modifications to monitor annual progress and evaluate any changes in didactic and clinical training.
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Pairo, Kaysar, and Shilan Rustem. "Use of fluoride for oral health in children – knowledge and attitudes among parents." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154722.
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In a ongoing research project, OMIC (Oral Microbiota in children), a sub study was made toevaluate the use of fluoride, knowledge and attitude among parents of the 200 participatingchildren.The children have been followed since birth and their parents answered questionnaires at 3,18 months and 3 years in the main study. At the 5-year inspection in the main study theparents were asked to fill in another questionnaire for the fluoride sub study.In this study the parents were asked to answer questions about their own and their children’suse of fluoride products and their view of the risk with using these products. Questions abouttoothpaste and tooth brushing were also included.All parents used fluoridated toothpaste and a third also used complementary products. In thisgroup of children there was no difference in caries experience between the ones using nonfluorideagainst fluoride toothpaste. Children who brushed their teeth themselves had morecaries than children who got help from a grown-up.In conclusion the results from our material do not support our hypothesis which is that thelack of information regarding efficacy and safety of fluoride toothpaste over the years and theimpact from social media has resulted in lower use of fluoride toothpaste to children becauseof the impact from the parents.The survey need to be done in a more heterogeneous population for clearer results. It isimportant to remember that parental support is a huge factor to improve oral health inchildren.
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Lohn, Christina 1962. "Women's medical knowledge and health care practices concerning the most common respiratory illnesses. A case study of a rural community in northern Germany." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277875.
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In order to stop rising health care expenditures, 81 villagers and their health professionals were interviewed about their medical knowledge (aeteology, symptoms, treatment, illness length, necessity to consult a doctor, etc.) and health care practices concerning common respiratory illnesses. According to informants, sniffles, cough, flu, common cold, sore throat/tonsillitis, bronchitis and sinusitis are the most common respiratory illnesses. All of them are regarded to be caused by several mechanisms of getting cold and/or wet. Despite the general disbelief in the germ theory and the prevention of contagion among household members, informants have an extensive knowledge about effective treatments and consult health professionals when home-remedies fail or a doctor's excuse is needed. Due to the effectiveness of home-treatments and self-containment of most common respiratory infections, this study concludes that health insurance companies should restrict the reimbursement of prescriptions for Bagatellmedizin, inhalation apparatus and home-remedies.
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Hernandez-Rodriguez, Jose P. "Developing interventions to improve parental and carer performance of temperature measurement, fever care and knowledge of feverish illness in children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2882960-81f1-4c3d-9f97-db09b24580dc.
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Background: Fever is often the initial feature of infectious diseases, which remains a major cause of morbidity and an important cause of mortality in children in the UK, and is one of the most common reasons for children to be taken to a general practitioner. Febrile illness therefore places a considerable burden on children, their families and health care services. The initial disease identification and diagnostic challenge starts at home, with parents and carers differentiating children with suspected serious illness from the vast majority who have self-limiting or minor infections. This thesis aims to understand caregivers’ knowledge, beliefs and actions in the existence of a fever in comparison with NICE guideline advice, and suggests some recommendations to improve their knowledge and management of fever. Method: Four studies were conducted for this thesis. First, a systematic review of 47 studies, including 20,427 participants, was used to understand parents’ knowledge regarding interpretation of temperature measurements, actions to manage a fever, and their beliefs. Second, two focus group interviews in primary care, with 9 parents, were used to explore parental views and beliefs on the management of fever and temperature measurement. Third, a thermometer survey, with 123 thermometers, was used to assess the consistency of advice from information contained in commercially available thermometers, with respect to evidence-based guidelines for feverish illness in children. Fourth, a questionnaire survey, in primary care, with 309 participants, was used to find out carer knowledge of temperature measurement and fever management in children 5 years or younger. Results: Carer knowledge about normal body temperature and fever in children was poor: mild fever was misclassified by many as high. Understanding of what actually constitutes fever ranged widely; carers actively reduced mild fever with antipyretics, used non-recommended methods, and most learned to use a thermometer from its instructions. Most parents did not know what a fever was and believed that it was a harmful condition that may be linked to a more serious disease. Parents wanted to be provided with specific and practical information on the identification of fever and its management. Most of the thermometer information did not include guidance on fever management or thermometer use, did not take into account parental and carer interpretation of fever and disease, however, incorporated unnecessary referrals into health services. Thermometer cost had no influence on the quality of the information provided. Conclusions: The research presented in this thesis suggests that caregivers often lack basic knowledge on temperature measurement and fever care. The study proposes that a simple NICE guideline based educational intervention may help them to correctly take a temperature measurement while assessing other signs of illness, and allow them to provide appropriate management methods at home, and more importantly, seek further referral where necessary. This may help towards decreasing unnecessary attendances in primary and secondary care.
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Dautaj, Saranda, and Susanna Thurell. "Vad innebär HBT-kunskap för sjuksköterskor?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24514.
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Enligt tidigare forskning upplever homosexuella, bisexuella och transpersoner (HBT) att de blir diskriminerade och osynliggjorda i vården till skillnad från heterosexuell befolkning. HBT-personer undviker delvis att uppsöka vården, samt att vara öppna med sin sexuella läggning av rädsla för negativt bemötande vilket får konsekvenser för deras hälsa. Därför efterfrågas mer HBT-kunskap i vården av dessa patienter. HBT-patienter efterfrågar en öppenhet för att kunna tala om livet i alla dess aspekter i vården. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vad sjuksköterskor innefattar i HBT-kunskap och hur det påverkar vården, bemötande för denna patientgrupp i praktiken. Studien genomfördes som en empirisk kvalitativ intervjustudie. Intervjuer gjordes med åtta legitimerade sjuksköterskor som har erfarenhet av HBT-patienter och/eller har genomgått kurs i HBT-kunskap. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalytisk ansats. Analysen resulterade i ett tema – förhållningssätt, två huvudkategorier – vård på lika villkor, kompetens och fyra underkategorier – att förhålla sig öppen, medvetenhet om heteronormativitet, att känna till HBT-personers hälsa/levnadsvillkor, att ha utbildning/erfarenhet om sexuell mångfald. Av studiens resultat framgår att viljan att ta till sig och behovet av HBT-kunskap är stort hos sjuksköterskor. Men det finns också en brist i hur vården uppfyller de ramlagar som finns, som säger att vård skall ges på lika villkor till hela befolkningen.According to previous studies, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (LGBT) feel discriminated and made invisible in the healthcare sector apart from the heterosexual population. They partly avoid seeking healthcare and being open with their sexuality for fear of negative reception, which has consequences for their health. Therefore more LGBT-knowledge is demanded in healthcare by this patients. LGBT-patients is asking for an openness from healthcare personnel so they can be able to talk about life in every aspect. The aim of the study is to examine what LGBT-knowledge means for nurse practitioners, how it affects healthcare for this group of patients. The study was carried out as an empirical interview study. Interviews were done with eight registered nurse practitioners who have experience of LGBT-patients or/and had taken a course in LGBT-knowledge. The analysis has an approach to qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in a theme – attitudes with two main categories – healthcare on equal conditions and competence – and four secondary categories – to be open minded, to be conscious of heteronormativity, to be aware of LGBT-persons health and living conditions and to have knowledge about sexual multitude. The result shows that there is a strong will to learn and a need for LGBT-knowledge among nurse practitioners. But there is also a lack of willingness to accept the general rules to provide equal healthcare to the entire population.
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Njee, Brendabell Ebanga. "Cameroonian Immigrants ' Behaviors, Beliefs and Knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes: in Minnesota." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7319.
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Nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon who migrate to Minnesota lack knowledge of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and face challenges accessing health care services. Nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon lack culturally appropriate health care services and therefore find it difficult to follow providers' recommendations. This phenomenological study explored the perceptions and experiences of nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon regarding access to affordable, quality health care services as well as their behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge of type 2 diabetes self-management. Bronfenbrenner's social ecological model provided the theoretical framework. Research questions addressed access to affordable health care services, knowledge, and perception of type 2 diabetes, dietary and activity behaviors, and awareness of diabetes self-management. A purposive sample of 13 nondiabetic Cameroonian immigrants participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth personal interviews. Interviews were hand-coded, and NVivo was used to identify emerging themes. A key finding for this study is that participants leave their appointments without adequate information and continue living in poor health because they lack understanding of medical recommendations. The participants expressed concerns that their health care providers did not address their psychosocial needs in conjunction with physical needs. They also expressed interest in learning about healthy eating. Participants prefer to learn how to count carbohydrates and nutritional values of traditional food to help manage portion size. The social change implications indicate further training for health care professionals in physical and emotional needs of immigrant population from Cameroon.
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Chueh, Henry C. "Integration of expert knowledge into computer-controlled databases in the medical domain : HEMAVID, a case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29202.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Harvard University--Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves [165]-[172]).
by Henry C. Chueh.
M.S.
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Kased, Azad, and Peter Quach. "A Questionnaire Study on Patient Knowledge on X-ray Radiation Effects on Human Health from Dental Radiographic Examination." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143417.
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Swedish Radiation Safety Authority has suggested guide-lines regarding information to individuals who undergo radiographic examinations. The guide-lines concerns medical care but patients in dental care can also be expected to have a wish to be informed about ionizing radiation. The main objective was to find out the patient’s perception of their knowledge about x-ray radiation and if they have a need to know more about x-rays. A questionnaire study was performed at two public dental clinics in Sweden during a twomonth period in the summer 2016. Patients ≥ 18 years old who gave their consent to participate were included in the study. Of all 429 participants 44 % declared an average knowledge about x-ray radiation and 37 % of all participants declared an inadequate knowledge. A total of 54 % had been informed about x-ray and its effects. School was the most common information source. Approximately 76 % had the perception that dental x-ray radiation is not harmful. 51 % declared the need to know more about x-ray. Approximately 52 % declared no knowledge about natural background radiation and 59 % declared it valuable to know more about dental x-ray in relation to natural background radiation. The participants showed mixed opinion and perception about x-ray radiation. A majority of patients want to know more about x-ray radiation. The study did not identify any particular group(s) needing more information about x-ray radiation than what is included in the justification of the radiographic examination.
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Kaur, Jaswinderjit. "A quantitative study to assess the knowledge and reasons of smoking among young people in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43880.
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ABSTRACT ADDICTION IS A SPECIAL KIND OF HELL. IT TAKES THE SOUL OF THE ADDICT AND BREAKS THE HEARTS OF EVERYONE WHO LOVES THEM” Research problem: A quantitative study to assess the knowledge and reasons of Smoking among young people in Sweden The aim of the study is to assess the reasons for smoking among young people in Sweden. To associate the level of knowledge with the demographical variables such as age, sex, marital status, socio-economic level, education, father’s education, and mother’s education. To assess the attitude about a cigarette, use, and willingness to stop smoking addiction. The theoretical framework is based on social learning theory. Pearson’s chi-square test and non-experimental descriptive research design were applied. A total of 100 samples were selected, and the data was collected by structured interview questionnaire. Two kinds of Non- probability sampling techniques namely, convenience and snowball sampling were used. Data were compiled and analyzed for completeness. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS ‑ version 20.0) (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used for analysis and measure the central tendency of the data. According to the results, the male percentage is more than the female. The overall status of smoking people in 100 samples 84 peoples smoke and 16 are non -smoker. More than half of people are educated. The participants agreed that usually, smoking habits start in youth. People who start smoking for relaxation are 22(26%), curiosity 15 (17.8%), and reduction of stress. Many of them started smoking because of their friends13(15.4%). The majority of people 14(16.6%) agree that habit starts because of their loneliness and boredom. Keywords Young people, smoking, reasons, Sweden
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Davidsson, Frida, and Victoria Zakrison. "Knowledge and apprehensions concerning HIV/AIDS of Indonesian adolescents : Reflections upon the possibility for professional nurses to spread knowledge to prevent suffering." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19197.
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HIV/AIDS is a global and expanding problem, not least in Indonesia, which is the country with the fastest growing epidemic in Asia. In rural areas of Indonesia it is usually harder to get information compared to urban areas. The lack of information and the fact that it is often taboo to speak about the subject result in common experiences of discrimination and shame for people living with HIV/AIDS. The aim of the study is to describe the knowledge of HIV and AIDS among Indonesian youths living in rural compared to urban areas. Furthermore to get knowledge about their experiences concerning the disease and also how they get information about the subject. A questionnaire was handed out for 15 to 16 years old students at two different high schools. One was located in the rural and the other in the urban area and altogether there were 40 respondents included in the study. The result showed that the knowledge was higher among the students from the urban school although the average knowledge for both schools was quite similar compared to earlier studies. Internet was considered to be the source giving most information about HIV/AIDS and guidance (from an expert in the subject) was suggested as the best source. The respondents stated that the disease is connected to isolation and discrimination, in addition the importance of giving support to the infected. Since guidance was stated to be the best source of information, the nurse has an important role as an expert. The nurse is obliged to promote health and prevent illness and by spreading information this can be done. It will also act to prevent suffering, both physically and psychologically, since HIV/AIDS is such a destructive and stigmatizing disease.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Uppsatsnivå: C
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Toure, Abdel Rahman. "Diffusion of Social Network Technology and Overuse among Health Industry Knowledge Workers." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/76.
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Many organizations now realize the important role of social network technology (SNT) in building social capital and hence broadening their customer base. However, observations have indicated that, while working, many knowledge workers use SNT to engage in non-job related activities, potentially leading to a decrease in productivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the usage of SNT and productivity in the health sector. The theoretical foundation of this study emanated from Rogers's theory of diffusion of innovations and Campbell, Rodney, Scott, and Christopher's theory of performance. Collection of data involved a self-administered survey designed with tools from SurveyMonkey. Out of 123 respondents, some were team members (67%), some were independent (24%), others were team leaders (8%), and a few were administrators (2%). A multiple linear regression analysis subsequent to correlation analysis between each of the 4 variables of SNT (frequency of SNT use, duration of cellphone-based SNT use, duration of PC-based SNT use, and performance rating) and knowledge worker productivity revealed a significant relationship between productivity and performance. The findings suggest that, of the 4 SNT variables, performance rating statistically predicts productivity of the health care professional. Managers may find these results informative in their effort to boost productivity among their health care professional workers. Further investigations are recommended to explore the association between productivity and SNT among knowledge workers.
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Johnston, Charlotte. "Crafting a System of Profound Knowledge Management in Long-Term Care." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3173.
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The paradigm shift to a knowledge economy, predicted by Drucker, is currently reflected in a knowing-to-doing gap in healthcare, potentially threatening the lives of long-term care (LTC) residents and sustainability of LTC organizations. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to seek a substantive conceptual theory to explain how LTC uses knowledge management (KM) to improve performance by probing the a priori views and lived experiences of 11 LTC knowledge creators, managers, and users. Data were collected via semi structured interviews that were transcribed and coded. The research questions guided by the conceptual concentrated on how KM is used in LTC, what KM processes enhance or inhibit performance in LTC, the nature of knowledge in LTC, and the potential impact of Deming's theory of profound knowledge on KM in LTC. Data analysis included coding, categorizing, constant comparison, conceptualizing, and theorizing to reveal a tentative unified theory of crafting a system of KM in LTC that theoretically extends Deming's organizational theory of profound knowledge to integrate the individual knower within Deming's organizational perspectives. Findings included participant use of sentinel data and bridging decisions in response to emergent knowledge needs, risk management versus quality management performance drivers, and participant perceptions of resource dependence in response to emergent knowledge needs. Findings also include social change implications for LTC facilities, residents, and staff driven by systematic KM to facilitate clinical best practices, lessons learned, and resourcing the use of knowledge to enhance LTC performance capabilities. Study conclusions include a call for future research related to study findings across the healthcare continuum.
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Verenna, Anne-Marie Alexandria. "INVESTIGATIONS OF ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE THORAX AND HEART AND ANATOMICAL KNOWLEDGE FOR FIRST YEAR MEDICAL DENTAL AND PODIATRY STUDENTS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/221870.
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Cell BiologyPh.D.
The universal presence of anatomy in healthcare professions is undeniable. It is a cornerstone to each of the clinical and basic sciences. Therefore, further expansion of current anatomical knowledge and effective methods to teach anatomy is essential. In this work, the relationship of the dorsal scapular artery with the trunks of the brachial plexus is explored with the hope that information on anatomical variation will assist neurosurgeons in sparing these structures during clinical procedures. Additionally, structures involved in biventricular pacing procedures, such as the coronary sinus and Thebesian valve, are explored for their variations in both presence and presentation. Simulations of cannulations with both 7F and 8F guiding catheters were used to collect data regarding the length of travel of a catheter within the coronary sinus. This study aimed to expand current knowledge of the coronary structures that are of importance to electrophysiologists. Furthering knowledge of how best to teach anatomy to healthcare professionals was also an aim of this work. The first education study explored whether the method of instruction affected student success in a basic science course. This study also investigated the degree of knowledge mastery that healthcare professional students had achieved in gross anatomy, microanatomy and physiology during their first year physiology course. The students were assessed at the knowledge, comprehension, application and analysis levels of Bloom's taxonomy in each discipline. A pilot study explored the degree of prior knowledge in human gross anatomy that the same healthcare professional populations (medical, dental and podiatry) possessed before beginning the first year general gross anatomy course in their healthcare curriculum. The ability for these students to evaluate when they had answered a gross anatomy question correctly and when they had answered a question incorrectly (metacognition) was explored. All four studies in this work provide further insight into anatomical education in both the clinical and basic science environments.
Temple University--Theses
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Owusu-Boakyewaah, Olivia. "THE CULTURAL CONTEXT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: THE IMPACT OF PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE ON WILLINGNESS TO SEEK MEDCIAL [i.e., medical] HELP AMONG GHANAIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2465.
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This correlational study explored the knowledge, perceived seriousness, and willingness to seek medical help for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) among Ghanaian Immigrants currently residing in the Unites States. Study participants were 163 Ghanaian Immigrants between the ages of 45 and 90, attending Ghanaian community churches in Virginia and Maryland. Significant results include a positive correlation between knowledge and perceived seriousness of the disease, perceived seriousness of the disease was negatively correlated with caregiving experience. These results as well as several seemingly counterintuitive findings are discussed in terms of the Health Disparities and Psychometric challenges. Specifically, these results points to the necessity for future research and implication for action in the following areas: 1) Further qualitative exploration to develop a deep, rich understandings of the phenomenon of AD among Ghanaian Immigrants, 2) Improved cultural sensitivity in psychometric assessment with immigrant populations of AD knowledge, perceptions, and willingness to seek assistance, 3) Person Centeredness and Cultural Humility in Educational Interventions to empower individuals and parallel existing cultural beliefs rather than displacing them.
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Nord, Johan, and Stefan Lindskog. "Hygiene Routines in the Students Clinic - Compliance, Attitude and the Student's View on Knowledge at Malmö University of Dentistry." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19792.
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SAMMANFATTNINGInledning: Vårdrelaterade infektioner har under den senaste tiden fått stor uppmärksamhet inom vård och omsorg. Dessa infektioner kostar samhället miljontals kronor varje år och dessutom ökar användningen av antibiotika tillsammans med utvecklingen av antibiotikaresistens. Det bästa sättet att motverka resistensutveckling och vårdrelaterade infektioner är att vara noga med basala hygienrutiner och handdesinficering. Syfte: Undersöka följsamhet, attityd och studenternas syn på deras egen kunskap för hygienrutinerna vid Tandvårdshögskolan i Malmö.Material och Metod: Vi har undersökt, genom punktprevalensmätning, hur tandläkarstudenterna vid Tandvårdshögskolan i Malmö följer de riktlinjer som Socialstyrelsen har utformat vid patientnära arbete. Synen på kunskap och attityd har utvärderats genom en webbaserad enkät som skickats ut till samtliga studenter som går i kurs 3 till och med kurs 10.Resultat: Tandläkarstudenterna följer riktlinjerna som Socialstyrelsen utformat väl på alla punkter utom handdesinficering och användandet av plastförkläde. Genom webbenkäten kan man se att studenterna medvetet struntar i att använda plastförkläde p.g.a. att det blir för varmt. Studenterna anser sig ha god kunskap och anser sig följa rutinerna för handdesinficering fullt ut men observerad följsamhet säger det motsatta. 60-80% av studenterna struntar i eller glömmer handdesinfektion under patientbehandling. Konklusion: Studenterna brister i följsamhet för handdesinfektion och användning av plastförkläde. Studenterna ser kurskamrater bryta mot hygienrutiner men säger inte till. Studenterna övervärderar sin egen följsamhet jämfört med vad som observerats.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Hospital-acquired infections are a burden to society with an annual cost of millions of SEK. The use of antibiotics and the development of antibiotic resistance are on the increase. The most efficient way to counteract development of antibiotic resistance and hospital-acquired infections is to be immaculate with the basic hygiene routines and to disinfect the hand before and after every patient encounter.Aim: Evaluate student compliance, view on knowledge and attitude regarding basic hygiene routines set by the National Board of Sweden at Malmö University of Dentistry.Materials and methods: In this study, a point prevalence measurement has been carried out at the student’s clinic at Malmö University of Dentistry. Furthermore, knowledge and attitude towards the routines have been evaluated with a web-based survey sent out to students at the faculty.Results: Results of this study show that the students follow the National guidelines well, except for the use of apron and the disinfection of their hands during treatment sessions. In contrast to the aprons, the students consider themselves correctly following the routines of disinfection and also have knowledge about how it should be carried out and when. Analysis of the point prevalence measurement shows that 60-80 % of the students fail to follow the routines of hand disinfection. Conclusion: The students lack in compliance regarding to hand disinfection and the use of apron. They see their classmates violate the guidelines but do not inform them of the violation. The students overestimate their own compliance compared to what have been observed.
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Walls, Zachary, John B. Bossaer, and David Cluck. "Using Scientific Inquiry to Increase Knowledge of Vaccine Theory and Infectious Diseases." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2326.
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Background: The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a laboratory activity based on scientific inquiry to educate first-year pharmacy students in the U.S. about vaccination theory and the attributes of common pathogens. Methods: The laboratory activity had two principal sections. The first consisted of an interactive game during which students rolled a die to determine outcomes based on a set of pre-determined criteria. In the second section, students generated and tested hypotheses about vaccine theory using a computer simulation that modeled disease transmission within a large population. In each section students were asked to evaluate epidemiological data and make inferences pertinent to vaccination effectiveness. Results: Mean scores on a knowledge-based assessment given immediately before and immediately after the activity increased from 46% to 71%. Discussion: A laboratory activity designed to stimulate scientific inquiry within pharmacy students enabled them to increase their knowledge of common vaccines and infectious diseases.
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Kruse, Johan. "Experiences of Interns and General Practitioners of Communicating with and Writing Referrals to the Radiology Department." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Medicinsk vetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60279.
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The aim of this licentiate thesis was to describe the experiences of medical interns and general practitioners (GPs) communicating with and writing referrals to the radiology department. The referral is a major communication tool between medical professionals to establish an accurate diagnosis. Data were collected by means of qualitative research, using focus group interviews with three groups of medical interns during their internship in hospitals and with three groups of general practitioners in their health care centre. Data were analysed using qualitative thematic content analysis. The study showed some differences between the groups in that the medical interns required more support in both referral writing situations and the decision portion of the process, choosing imaging modality. The general practitioners were more confident in the narrative process of the referral, writing facts and formulating diagnostic questions, but similarly they needed additional support in decisions concerning the imaging portion of the process. The GPs even advised an evident share of responsibility by letting the radiologists control the choice of imaging method. Both groups suggested different opportunities for dialogue and education as crucial to achieving improvements. The results can be discussed in relation to the specific radiology knowledge and are characterized by a combination of specific expert knowledge and tacit knowledge. The means of communication could be evaluated from different perspectives in relation to what referents and staff in the radiology department perceive and expect. The results can also be assessed in relation to the demand-control-support theory. In this respect, the medical interns experienced high demands and poor control and support, while the GPs experienced demands differently; they often controlled their situation but still needed enhanced radiological support.
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Moes, Lotte Sophie. "The relationship between mental health in adolescents having self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders and sources of parental knowledge: A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53894.
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The present study aimed to compare adolescents (14-15 years old) having self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders classified as flourishing with those adolescents classified as non- flourishing concerning rated mental health problems and adolescent perceptions of adolescent disclosure and parental control. The present study used a cross-sectional design based on a secondary analysis of data collected in the LoRDIA research program. Adolescents having self-reported NDDs in wave 3 were included (n=198). Adolescents rated their mental health using the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form, after which researchers classified them as flourishing, moderate, or languishing. Behavior and emotional symptoms were rated using the conduct problems subscale and emotional symptoms subscale of the self-reported version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adolescents rated adolescent disclosure and parental control using the adolescent disclosure scale and parental control scale. Independent Samples t-Tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple regressions were performed to analyze data. Findings illustrated that adolescents having self-reported NDDs classified as flourishing report less conduct problems, lower adolescent disclosure, and same levels of parental control compared to those adolescents classified as non-flourishing. Emotional problems seem to be positively related to adolescent disclosure within family interaction patterns, while conduct problems appear to be negatively related to parental control. However, parenting style may be crucial in having few or many conduct- and emotional problems. Thus, adolescent disclosure plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health, mental health problems, and parent-adolescent interactions, while parental control plays a prominent role in relation to adolescents’ mental health problems and parent-adolescent interactions.
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Wallace, Richard. "ETSU Medical Residents' Clinical Information Behaviors, Skills, Training, and Resource Use." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2076.
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Information is a powerful tool for enabling physicians to provide quality healthcare for their patients. Information use in the clinic is a skill that must be learned. If medical residency programs fail to impart this skill, then patients will suffer.
The residents of the ETSU Quillen College of Medicine were surveyed as to their use of clinical information. Of the 217 residents of the 2005-2006 class who were surveyed, 105 returned the survey for a return rate of 48%. The clinical faculty was also surveyed in order to measure the responses of the residents against that of their instructors.
ETSU residents frequently had a new information need in the clinic. The majority of the time they did not seek an answer, but when they did they were often successful in finding an answer. Therapy information was the most frequently sought after type of information. Most residents used the Quillen College of Medicine Library, but not at a desirable rate. Residents stated that information obtained from the library was helpful in caring for their patients. The most frequent source of information used by residents was electronic resources and the greatest barrier to the use of information was time. The majority of residents were PDA users, with Palm devices being the primary platform. The residents rated their PDA skills and evidence-based medicine skills as above average. Few were LoansomeDoc users. The majority of residents received information training from clinical faculty and from librarians and rated it highly. Residents indicated a desire for more training and the majority indicated that they would like a clinical medical librarian for their program. They rated the library service of the Quillen College of Medicine and the area teaching hospitals highly. Residents used Google and the Web frequently. PubMed was rated as a valuable resource. Online journals and the UpToDate database were important electronic resources for the residents.
ETSU residents have many excellent resources and training opportunities in place. However, for ETSU residents to go out into community practice as true "Infomasters" an upgrading of their information training should be undertaken.
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Cederholm, Tove, and Sara Palmdal. "Fysisk aktivitet vid graviditetsdiabetes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysioterapi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384305.
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Bakgrund: Graviditetsdiabetes är den vanligaste metabola sjukdomen hos gravida. Sjukdomen ökar drastiskt relaterat till ökat stillasittande. Åtgärder inkluderar kostråd, råd om fysisk aktivitet, stöd att förbättra levnadsvanor samt vid behov insulinbehandling. Trots att forskning visar att fysisk aktivitet har flera positiva effekter på graviditetsdiabetes är mindre än hälften av populationen så fysiskt aktiva som de rekommenderas vara. För att bättre kunna stötta dessa kvinnor i sitt fysiska aktivitetsbeteende behövs mer information om deras kunskap och utfallsförväntningar avseende fysisk aktivitet. Syfte: Att undersöka hur fysiskt aktiva gravida med graviditetsdiabetes är, vilken kunskap och vilka utfallsförväntningar de har avseende fysisk aktivitet vid graviditetsdiabetes samt undersöka eventuella samband mellan kunskap, utfallsförväntningar och fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Metod: Observationsstudie av icke experimentell design genomfördes med webbenkät skapad i Google Forms. Bekvämlighetsurval från specialistmödravården samt sluten Facebook-grupp. Resultat: Majoriteten ägnade mindre än 30 minuter åt fysisk träning en vanlig vecka, uppfyllde inte rekommendationerna för vardagsmotion samt var stillasittande hela dagen. Majoriteten av deltagarna hade mer än häften rätt på kunskapsfrågorna och var säkra på att fysisk aktivitet är hälsosamt. Korrelationsberäkningarna var inte statistiskt signifikanta. Slutsats: Deltagarna hade kunskaper och höga utfallsförväntningar avseende fysisk aktivitet men låg fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Ytterligare forskning krävs för att undersöka eventuell korrelation.Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disease in pregnant women. GDM increases drastically related to sedentary behaviour. Treatment includes dietary advice, advice on physical activity and if necessary, insulin therapy. Objective: The purpose was to examine how physically active women with GDM are, their knowledge and outcome expectations on physical activity during GDM and whether there is any correlation between knowledge, outcome expectations and level of physical activity. Method: Observation study of non-experimental design was performed with a web-based questionnaire created in Google Forms. Study participants from Specialistmödravården at Akademiska sjukhuset Uppsala and a closed Facebook group. Results: The majority devoted less than 30 minutes to physical exercise a regular week, did not meet the recommendations for everyday exercise and were sedentary throughout the day. Most of the participants answered more than half of the questions correctly and were confident that physical activity is healthy. No significant correlations were found. Conclusion: The study participants had knowledge and high outcome expectations regarding physical activity, but their physical activity level was low. Further research on correlations is required.
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Hillinton, Mona, and Wik Linnea Siwerstam. "Sjuksköterskors och sjuksköterskestudenters attityder till patienter med HIV och AIDS." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18989.
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Attityder kan vara ett stort problem när sjuksköterskan eller sjuksköterskestudenter ska vårda patienter med HIV och AIDS. Bakgrunden delas upp i en medicinsk del och en del som handlar om vårdandet. Den medicinska delen handlar om hur smittan uppkommer, hur den sprider sig samt hur de första symtomen visar sig. I den del som handlar om att vårda tas det upp hur sjuksköterskan kan påverka vårdrelationen. Det tas upp vad en vårdrelation innebär. Det belyses också vad som menas med attityder. Problemformuleringen tar upp hur positiva och negativa attityder kan påverka vårdrelationen. Syfte är att är att beskriva sjusköterskans och sjuksköterskestuderandes attityder till att vårda patienter med HIV och AIDS. Arbetet är en litteraturstudie ur kvalitativ forskningsansats. Underlaget som har använts är vårdvetenskapliga artiklar som var kvantitativa samt att artiklarna har hittats i databaserna Cinahl och PsycInfo. Resultat formulerades i tre huvudrubriker och två underrubriker. Kunskapens betydelse för attityder till patienter med HIV och AIDS, Kunskapens betydelse för rädsla och oro samt Kunskapens betydelse för utsatta grupper i samhället. Den första rubriken är uppdelad i två underrubriker; Ökad kunskap tycks ge positiva attityder och Mindre kunskap tycks ge negativa attityder Resultatet visar att kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor eller sjuksköterskestudenter har stor betydelse. Kunskapsnivån påverkar attityden till, vårdrelationer samt rädslan för patienter med HIV och AIDS. Vid hög kunskap var attityderna bättre, viljan att vårda större samt rädslan mindre än vid låg kunskap om HIV och AIDS. Diskussionen handlar om hur viktigt det är med kunskap för att skapa bra vårdrelation mellan patienten och sjuksköterskan. Här tas även upp hur attityderna och rädslan förändras med hjälp av kunskap samt hur kunskap stärker vårdrelationen.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Uppsatsnivå: C
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Hosseini, Basira, and Elnaz Farhani. "Hur förhåller sig läkare och sjuksköterskor till handhygien?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26438.
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Den vanligast förekommande smittspridningen sker via händer. Trots stor kunskap om vikten av handhygien bland sjukvårdspersonal har olika studier visat att följsamheten inte motsvarar det förväntade.Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att belysa läkares och sjuksköterskors kunskap om, attityder och följsamhet till handhygien samt att belysa eventuella skillnader. Arbetet omfattar tio vetenskapliga artiklar från Europa och Nordamerika samt litteratur för att besvara uppsatsens frågeställning. Resultatet i den här uppsatsen visar att både läkare och sjuksköterskor har relativt goda kunskaper om handhygien men där läkare och sjuksköterskor jämförs har sjuksköterskor bättre kunskaper. De vanligaste orsakerna till negativa attityder är tidsbrist samt torr och irriterad hud p g a handtvättningsmaterial. Kunskap och attityder är två bidragande faktorer till god eller dålig följsamhet till handhygien.The most common way for transmission of infections occurs via hands. Despite great knowledge of the importance of hand hygiene among health care workers several studies have shown that compliance doesn’t fulfil the expected. The aim of this study is to illustrate physicians’ and nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and compliance to hand hygiene and to evaluate probable differences. The result of the study is based on ten scientific articles from Europe and North America to answer the study’s questions at issue. The result of this study shows that both physicians and nurses have relatively good knowledge of hand hygiene but when doctors and nurses are compared, nurses have better knowledge. The most common reasons to negative attitudes are lack of time and dry and irritated skin due to hand hygiene material. Knowledge and attitudes are two contributing factors to good or poor compliance to hand hygiene.
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Ask, Betty, and Sara Wihlborg. "Munvård - Vårdpersonalens kunskap och prioritering av patientens munvård. En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24213.
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Bakgrund: Munvård har en stor betydelse för människan både genom nutrition och via kommunikation. Ökade möjligheter för behandling, ekonomisk ersättning och tillgänglighet av vård bidrar till att tandlöshet inte är lika accepterat av samhället idag. Med ökad levnadsålder ökar både behoven och riskerna för att problem uppstår. Trots det är munhälsan ett stort problem inom sjukvård och äldreomsorg.Syfte: Att undersöka vårdspersonalens kunskaper om munhälsa, samt hur vårdpersonal prioriterar munvården av äldre personer som är beroende av hjälpinsatser.Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie och bygger på 5 kvalitativa och 5 kvantitativa studier. Dessa granskades och bearbetades för att slutligen analyseras till kategorier och subteman. Resultat: Vårdpersonal upplever att det förekommer brister i utbildningen och att kontinuerliga munhälsoutbildningar saknas på arbetsplatserna. Kunskap om munhälsa är viktigt för att kunna förstå innebörden av dessa arbetsuppgifter. Det framkommer även att vårdpersonalens prioriteringar avspeglas av attityder och deras personliga syn på munvård. För att underlätta munvårdsbedömning visar det sig att ROAG är ett bra bedömningsinstrument för att få jämlika och oberoende bedömningsresultat. Trots det är det vanligt förekommande att munvården saknas i dokumentationen.Background: Oral hygiene plays an important role for humans both through nutrition and through communication. Increased opportunities for treatment, compensation and availability of care makes toothlessness less accepted by society today. With increased longevity will increase both the needs and risks of problems arising. The oral care is still a major problem in health care and elderly care.Aim: Investigate health professionals' knowledge of oral health and how health professionals prioritize the oral care of elderly people who are dependent on relief efforts.Method: The study was conducted as a literature review based on 5 qualitative and 5 quantitative studies. These were reviewed, processed and finally analyzed for categories and subthemes.Results: Caregivers perceive that there are shortcomings in education and the continuous education of oral care are missing in the workplace. Knowledge of oral health is important to understand the meaning of performing its task. However, it appeared also that nursing staff priorities were reflected in attitudes and staff´s views on oral hygiene. In order to facilitate oral care assessment, ROAG was a very good assessment instrument to obtain equal and independent evaluation results. Although it is a common practice that the oral care lacking in documentation.
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Johansson, Johanna, and Nicole Stolic. "Assessment of students knowledge regarding patients suffering from microbial induced peri-implant diseases. Survey Study at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19781.
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SyfteSyftet med studien var att undersöka vilken kunskap sistaårs tandläkarstudenter och sista-termins tandhygieniststudenter vid Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Högskola har gällande diagnos, behandling och prognos av periimplantära sjukdomar.Material och MetodEn pappersenkät sammanställdes och delades ut till sistaårs tandläkar- och tandhygieniststudenter vid Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Högskola.I enkäten inkluderades bakgrundsfrågor gällande erfarenhet av implantatinstallation samt implantatprotetik, kunskap om hur vävnaderna kring ett implantat undersöks, diagnostiska kriterier för periimplantär sjukdom, och prognos. Enkäten inkluderade även fyra unika fall.Resultat97 av 119 enkäter delades ut, 83 av 97 enkäter returnerades. Studien visade att studenterna i hög grad föreslår korrekt diagnos, behandlingsplan, och prognos. Resultaten visar även osäkerhet vid självutvärdering av den ställda prognosen.SlutsatsStudenterna angav i hög grad korrekt behandling, men att de träffar få patienter med periimplantär sjukdom under utbildningen. Studenterna är osäkra vilket resulterar i variationer mellan studenter gällande diagnos, behandling, och prognosbedömning vid periimplantär sjukdom.Majoriteten av studenterna föreslog att det är patientens nuvarande tandläkare som är ansvarig för uppföljning/utvärdering av implantatet. Detta är det mest lämpliga förslaget tack vare regelbundna kontroller till samma tandläkare (nuvarande).Då implantat används mer frekvent som ersättning för förlorade tänder finns ett behov av mer utbildning och färdighetsträning inom området vid Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Högskola.AimThe aim of this study is to examine the knowledge of last-year dental students and last semester dental hygienist students at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of peri-implant diseases. Material and MethodA paper case based survey study was conducted and handed out among last-year dental and dental hygienist students at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University.The survey included background questions regarding experience of implant installation and implant prosthetics, and knowledge about how an examination is conducted, diagnostic criteria for peri-implant diseases, and prognosis. The survey also included four unique cases.Results97 of 119 surveys were handed out, 83 of 97 surveys were returned. The study showed that students to a high degree suggests a correct diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis. The results also shows insecurities when self-evaluating the prognosis.ConclusionThe students planned the correct treatment, to a high degree, but they encounter few patients with peri-implant diseases during their education. The students are insecure, resulting in inter-student disagreement regarding diagnosis, treatment and assessment of prognosis of peri-implant diseases.The majority suggested the patients current dentist as responsible for follow-ups/evaluation, which also is the most appropriate suggestion because of regular check-ups to the same (current) dentist.Because implants are used more frequently as a replacement for lost teeth there is a need for more education and training in this area at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University.
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Tarannum, Rubab. "Food hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in Bangladeshi homes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104865.
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Background Food handlers knowledge and related attitude and practices towards food hygiene plays a significant role in reducing food-borne disease, which represents a growing concern for public health interest. Aim To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of food hygiene among food handlers in Bangladeshi homes located in urban areas exposed to climate change. Methodology A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to perform this study. An online questionnaire survey was used as a tool for data collection. Food handlers were selected through convenience sampling method. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 27. Results In case of food hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices, study participants had good knowledge (78.77%), moderate attitude (57.4%) and good practice level (88.82%) in food hygiene at home. There is no significant difference between men and women in their knowledge level but had significant difference in their attitude and practice level. Besides, there is no significant difference in food hygiene knowledge of food handlers based on their educational level but results showed significant difference in their attitude and practices of food hygiene. Conclusion Food handlers in Bangladeshi homes were knowledgeable with moderate attitude and good practice level. Continuous food safety education, health education and media campaigns will help them to reduce the risk of diarrhea and food-borne illness.
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BÜLOW, MIA, and CHRISTIAN WEDBERG. "MRSA PATIENTERS UPPLEVELSER AV BEMÖTANDET INOM VÅRDEN - En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26941.
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Bakgrund: Methicillin-resistenta staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) är en bakterie som utvecklat resistens mot antibiotika. MRSA är ett av sjukvårdens största hygien-relaterade problem som ökar världen över. Smittspridning sker via direkt och indirekt kontaktsmitta. Konstateras smittan ska patienten alltid ha isolerings- och barriärvård vilket vanligtvis sker på en infektionsavdelning.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva MRSA patienters upplevelser av omhändertagandet inom vården.Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte gjordes en litteraturstudie med granskning av studier med kvalitativ ansats. Litteratursökningen utfördes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Elva kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och sammanställdes till ett resultat.Resultat: Litteraturstudiens resultat delas in i fyra kategorier med en underkategori: Att känna skam och skuld med underkategorin att känna sig stigmatiserad, känsla av utanförskap, att känna sig kränkt och bristande kunskap och information. Resultatet visade att MRSA är ett ämne som varken patienter eller personal har mycket kunskap om. Kunskapen och informationen är bristande vilket kan påverka upplevelsen av bemötandet. Patienterna upplevde ett dåligt bemötande vilket hade stor påverkan på deras psykiska mående.Konklusion: Det som framkom i resultatet var att MRSA är ett ämne som kräver fortsatt forskning. Kunskapen om MRSA hos vårdpersonalen var bristfällig och måste utvecklas för att ett gott omhändertagande ska kunna ges och för att smittspridningen ska minskas.Nyckelord: Kunskapsbrist, känslor, MRSA, omhändertagande och upplevelser.Background: Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that has developed a resistance to antibiotics. MRSA is one of hospitals greatest hygiene-related problems that are increasing around the world. The infection spreads through both direct and indirect contact. If the infection is detected, the patient should be placed in isolation with barrier care that usually occurs in an infection ward.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe MRSA patients' experiences of care within healthcare.Method: A literarture review was conducted of qualitative studies. The databases PubMed and CINAHL was used for literature search. Eleven qualitative papers were reviewed and compiled to a result.Results: The results of the literary review were divided into four categories with one subcategory: to feel shame and guilt with the subcategory to feel stigmatized, too feel like an outsider, to feel violated and lack of knowledge and information. The result showed that MRSA is a topic that neither patient nor staff has a lot of knowledge of. The knowledge and the information were inadequate which could affect the experience of the treatment. The patients were not met with good treatment which had a major impact on their psychological well being.Conclusion: What was found in the result was that MRSA is a topic that is in need of continued research overall. The knowledge of MRSA in healthcare personnel was inadequate and must be increased in order for proper care to be carried out and to reduce the risk of spreading the infection.Keywords: Emotions, experience, healthcare, lack of knowledge, MRSA.
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Mort, Sophia C. "Utilizing Health Professional Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs to Inform the Development of a Contact-Based Educational Approach to Address the Opioid Epidemic." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597412295795281.
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Krive, Jacob. "Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Computerized Physician Order Entry Medication Order Sets Measured by Health Outcomes." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/202.
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In the past three years, evidence based medicine emerged as a powerful force in an effort to improve quality and health outcomes, and to reduce cost of care. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) applications brought safety and efficiency features to clinical settings, including ease of ordering medications via pre-defined sets. Order sets offer promise of standardized care beyond convenience features through evidence-based practices built upon a growing and powerful knowledge of clinical professionals to achieve potentially more consistent health outcomes with patients and to reduce frequency of medical errors, adverse drug effects, and unintended side effects during treatment. While order sets existed in paper form prior to the introduction of CPOE, their true potential was only unleashed with support of clinical informatics, at those healthcare facilities that installed CPOE systems and reap rewards of standardized care.
Despite ongoing utilization of order sets at facilities that implemented CPOE, there is a lack of quantitative evidence behind their benefits. Comprehensive research into their impact requires a history of electronic medical records necessary to produce large population samples to achieve statistically significant results. The study, conducted at a large Midwest healthcare system consisting of several community and academic hospitals, was aimed at quantitatively analyzing benefits of the order sets applied to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and treat pneumonia, congestive heart failure (CHF), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) - testing hospital mortality, readmission, complications, and length of stay (LOS) as health outcomes.
Results indicated reduction of acute VTE rates among non-surgical patients in the experimental group, while LOS and complications benefits were inconclusive. Pneumonia patients in the experimental group had lower mortality, readmissions, LOS, and complications rates. CHF patients benefited from order sets in terms of mortality and LOS, while there was no sufficient data to display results for readmissions and complications. Utilization of AMI order sets was insufficient to produce statistically significant results. Results will (1) empower health providers with evidence to justify implementation of order sets due to their effectiveness in driving improvements in health outcomes and efficiency of care and (2) provide researchers with new ideas to conduct health outcomes research.
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Asserhed, Björn. "Collaborative Learning for Interprofessional Healthcare Practice : Students’ perceptions of learning through the collaborative creation and use of wikis in a problem based learning environment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142325.
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Introduction: Wikis are multiuser platforms that have been used with positive results for learning in higher education. As knowledge artefacts they include both semiotic and material aspects that could potentially be realized through collaborative learning and the assessment of interprofessional and problem based learning using portfolios. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate students’ perceptions of learning through the the collaborative creation and use of wikis. Method: Sixteen students from an interprofessional course module participated in the study. The thesis uses semi-structured interviews with a qualitative phenomenographic approach. Results: The informants’ perceptions of learning through the collaborative creation and use of wikis are described as a four category hierarchy that represents the outcome space: Course task oriented compilation of texts Preparatory exam compendium Representative knowledge artefact Knowledge artefact for future professional practice Conclusion: Students’ different perceptions of learning through the collaborative creation and use of wikis as presented as the outcome space can be understood as variations of how they perceive the resulting product, the process involved and the orientation of the wiki work, from a surface and task oriented work to deeper contextual learning. Well designed, wiki support problem based learning and assessment using portfolios as well as interprofessional learning for future professional practice.
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Ljungqvist, Ellen, and Hannah Kaseva. "Kunskap om HPV och inställning till prevention och gynekologisk cellprovtagning : En webbaserad enkätundersökning bland unga kvinnor i Sverige." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53073.
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Bakgrund: Humant Papillomvirus (HPV) orsakar livmoderhalscancer. Årligen drabbas 800 kvinnor och 300 män av HPV-relaterad cancer i Sverige. Både pojkar och flickor får HPV- vaccin enligt nationella vaccinationsprogrammet. Vaccin tillsammans med gynekologisk cellprovtagning kan utrota HPV-orsakad cancer. Tidigare forskning visade att kunskapsläget kring HPV varierade globalt. Syfte: Att undersöka unga kvinnors kunskap om HPV och inställning till prevention och gynekologisk cellprovtagning i Sverige.Metod: Kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med webbenkät. Undersökt grupp var kvinnor i åldrarna 23-29 år i Sverige. Totalt 160 enkäter analyserades. Resultat: Resultatet visade goda kunskaper hos unga kvinnor avseende smittväg, prevention och att HPV orsakar livmoderhalscancer. Kunskaperna var sämre avseende HPV och könssjukdomar, att HPV kan orsaka annan cancer samt att HPV kan drabba män. Mer än hälften av deltagarna var vaccinerade mot HPV. Samtliga hade en positiv inställning till gynekologisk cellprovtagning och visste att det utförs för att upptäcka cellförändringar. Majoriteten av deltagarna hade gått på gynekologisk cellprovtagning.Slutsats: Kunskapen var generellt god hos deltagarna. Det fanns en positiv inställning till gynekologisk cellprovtagning. I utbildningsgrupperna kunde enstaka större skillnader i kunskap ses men generellt var skillnaderna små. Information om HPV kan tillgängliggöras i väntrummen på barnmorskemottagningar och ungdomsmottagningar samt i kallelsen till gynekologisk cellprovtagning.Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. Approximately 800 women and 300 men are diagnosed with HPV-related cancer annually in Sweden. Both boys and girls receive the HPV-vaccine according to the national program. Vaccines and pap tests can together exterminate all cancers caused by HPV. Research showed that knowledge about HPV is varying globally. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study with web based surveys. The target group consisted of women aged 23-29 in Sweden. A total of 160 surveys were analyzed.Aim: To examine knowledge about HPV and attitudes towards prevention and pap testing amongst young Swedish women. Results: Young women had gratifying knowledge about the route of infection, prevention and that HPV causes cervical cancer. There was less knowledge about HPV and STIs, that HPV causes other sorts of cancers and that HPV can affect men. More than half of the participants were vaccinated. All participants had a positive attitude towards pap testing and knew that it is performed to locate pre cancerous cervical lesions. The majority of the participants had undergone a pap test. Conclusion: The knowledge was overall good in the participants. There was an entirely positive attitude towards pap testing. Only a few significant differences in knowledge were found affected by level of education, generally the differences were only slight. Information about HPV can be made available in the waiting rooms in midwife and youth clinics, and in the pap test summoning letter.
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Tsai, Midi. "The relationship between osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs and dietary calcium intake among South Asian women in Auckland : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Human Nutrition at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/855.
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Osteoporosis is a serious public health issue, which is growing in significance because of our aging population. It is estimated that one in three New Zealand women over the age of 50 years will suffer from an osteoporotic-related fracture. The risk of osteoporosis among South Asian women living in New Zealand is unknown. However, this is an important and growing population group. The purpose of this study was to determine osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs and dietary calcium intake in a sample of South Asian women living in Auckland, New Zealand. Relationships between these variables and the predictors of dietary calcium intake were examined. A sample of 102 South Asian women (mean age of 41.6 years) completed an online questionnaire to assess osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs using the validated Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS), respectively. A four day food diary was used to assess dietary calcium and energy intake. In general, these South Asian women were lacking in osteoporosis knowledge, they did not perceive themselves to be susceptible to osteoporosis and did not consider osteoporosis to be a serious disease. They perceived many benefits of consuming a high calcium diet for the prevention of osteoporosis and did not identify many barriers to dietary calcium intake. In addition, these South Asian women were highly health motivated. Perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake (R=-0.32; P<0.01) and health motivation (R=0.30; P<0.01) were significantly correlated to dietary calcium intake. Health motivation, perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake and the use of a dietary supplement were significant predictors of dietary calcium intake and together explained 27% of the variance. These findings suggest that osteoporosis prevention interventions may need to increase awareness, overcome perceived barriers to dietary calcium intake as well as maintain health motivation among these South Asian women to achieve sufficient dietary calcium intake.
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Sundberg, Courage Boyonnoh. "The Determinant for the Uptake of HIV testing among women aged 15-49 years in Liberia. A cross-sectional study based on the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey of Liberia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-430976.
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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global challenge with an estimate of 37.9 million confirm cases. Testing remains a critical indicator of HIV diagnosis and treatment, as it is the primary step towards taking accountability for the protection of oneself and the protection of others. Aim: This secondary analysis of Liberia Demographic and Health Survey data from 2013 aimed to statistically describe the association between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP), demographics factors such as age, education, marital status, wealth, religion, place of residence, and testing uptake. Methods: A cross-sectional study of Liberian women (n=7353, aged 15 - 49 ) was performed. Statistical analysis of the chi-square test and logistics regression was employed to identify the association between independent variables (KAP), selected demographics factors, and the dependent variable (HIV testing). Results: The key findings of the study are that there is a statistically significant relationship between comprehensive knowledge and testing for HIV. The attitude in terms of stigmatizing behavior is also significantly associated with testing uptake. Demographic factors age, education, being ever married, being a Muslim, belonging to the middle class, and living in the rural area are positive determinants of HIV testing in Liberia. The study confirmed that there is no statistically significant association between high-risk behavior and testing uptake among women aged 15-49 in Liberia. Conclusion: Knowledge, stigmatizing attitude, and some demographic factors are determinants of testing uptake in Liberia.
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Tenghamn, Larsson Jane, and Helen Söderlindh. ""Varför gör dom inte som vi säger"?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26722.
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Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar compliance vid diabetes typ2. Vår frågeställning är: Vad är viktigt för sjuksköterskor att tänka på vid information / utbildning av patienter med diabetes typ 2? Modell: Vi använder oss av Carnevalis (1999) modell för krav och resurser som referensram. Metoden är en systematisk litteratursökning via databaser. Artikelgranskning och kvalitetsbedömning är gjort enligt Polit, Hungler et al ( 2001). Resultatet baseras på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar som presenteras under följande tre teman: kunskap, stöd och process. I studien framkom att det är viktigt, att sjuksköterskan i information och utbildning är lyhörd, tar sig tid och utgår från var i processen den enskilde individen befinner sig, för att compliance skall uppnås.The aim of this literature review is to explore factors associated with compliance in type 2 diabetes. Our research question is: what is important for nurses to think about when giving information / education to patients with type 2 diabetes? Model: We use Carnevalis (2001) model of demands and resources as a theoretical framework. The method is a systematic literature search by databases. Article examining and quality judgement is done by Polit, Hungler et al (2001). The result is based on 10 scientific articles that are presented in following themes: knowledge, support and process. This study showed that, it is of importance when giving information and education that the nurse is having a keen ear, makes time available and takes in consideration where in the process the individual is, to accomplish compliance.
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Krus, Emanuelsson Hanna, and Anna Hugosson. "Ungdomars inställning till sex- och samlevnadsundervisning : Sex- och samlevnadsundervisning med ett salutogent perspektiv och ungdomars sexuella och reproduktiva hälsa." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16967.
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Sex och samlevnad är ett mångfacetterat ämne som ska ge biologiska, sociala och etiska aspekter på samlevnad. Under de senaste 100 åren har synen på sex och sexualitet ändrats från att ha varit ett mer eller mindre tabubelagt ämne till att idag i mångas ögon vara överexploaterat. Sex och samlevnad finns idag i läroplanen från årskurs fyra. Tidigare studier har visat att ungdomar varit missnöjda med sex- och samlevnads-undervisningen i skolan samtidigt som den sexuella ohälsan bland unga ökar. Det primära syftet med studien var att undersöka unga kvinnor och mäns kunskap om preventivmedel, sexuellt överförbara infektioner och abort samt inställning till sex- och samlevnadsundervisning. Datainsamling skedde med hjälp av enkäter som pilottestats vid två tillfällen innan studien genomfördes. Enkäter delades ut till 107 elever i andra och tredje året på gymnasiet, data analyserades i SPSS och frekvenser framtogs. Varierande kunskapsnivåer hos informanterna kunde ses. Majoriteten var missnöjd med undervisningen de fått och få informanter hade fått undervisning i sex och samlevnad på gymnasiet. Sex- och samlevnadsundervisning upplevdes ändå kunna hjälpa ungdomar att göra förnuftigare val och ge en bra grund för att fatta välunderrättade beslut inom sex och relationer. Sex och samlevnad uppfattades som ett roligt och intressant ämne. Trots att sex och samlevnad är ett obligatoriskt ämne i skolan är läroplanen vag när det gäller när, hur och var undervisningen skall ges. Att bedriva sex- och samlevnads-undervisning ur ett salutogent perspektiv efter ungdomars önskemål och behov kan bidra till att minska den sexuella ohälsan. En generell motståndsresurs (GMR) som kunskap tillsammans med en hög känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) kan tänkas stimulera till god empowerment, det vill säga hög egenkontroll, ansvar och självbestämmande vilket skulle kunna leda till ökad sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa.[Abstract:] Sex education is a broad subject that should bring biological, social and ethical aspects on sex and relations. During the last 100 years, society’s view on sexuality has changed dramatically, from being taboo a hundred years ago, to present day where focus on sexuality can be seen throughout society. Today, sex education is part of the curriculum from the fourth grade. However, young people are often unsatisfied with the sex education they get at school and the sexual health among youth is declining. The primary aim of this study was to investigate young women and men’s knowledge about contraceptives and sexually transmitted infections and their attitude towards sex education. The collection of data was made with a questionnaire which was pilot tested at two occasions before the study took place. Questionnaires were handed out to 107 pupils in second and third grade of high school. The data was analysed in SPSS and percentages could be obtained. Varying levels of knowledge could be seen. The majority was dissatisfied with the education they got, and few had got any education during high school. Although sex education was still believed to help young people make sensible choices and provide a base for making rational decisions concerning sex and relations. Sex education was viewed as a fun and interesting subject. Despite the fact that sex education is a mandatory subject in school, the curriculum is vague when it comes to when, how and where the education should be given. To adapt the sex education with a salutogenic perspective to the pupils’ wishes and needs is central in order to obtain a better sexual health. A general resistance factor (GMR) like knowledge, together with a high sense of coherence (KASAM), can be assumed to stimulate empowerment. Empowerment here meaning self-monitoring, responsibility and autonomy, which should lead to improved sexual and reproductive health.Program: Barnmorskeutbildning
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Karlsson, Sara, and Lina Kristensson. "Attityder och följsamhet vid handhygien hos sjukvårdspersonal." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25500.
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Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att sammanställa vetenskaplig kunskap om hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot handhygien. Resultatet baseras på 10 st vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visar att sjukvårdspersonal har en positiv attityd till handhygien vid patientkontakt eller vid exposition av kroppsvätska. Däremot finns en negativ attityd vid användandet av handskar, tro att handhygien orsakar hudirritation och när handhygiensmedel ej finns lättillgängligt. Personalens attityder påverkas av vilken kunskap de har och deras arbetsledares åsikter gällande handhygien. Slutsatsen är att personalen behöver ökad kunskap inom detta ämne för att därmed påverka deras attityder och hur de utför handhygien. Ytterligare forskning kring sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot handhygien behövs och då mer inriktad på enskilda yrkeskategorier för att kunskapsutbildningar ska kunna anpassas till specifika behov.The aim of this study was to compile scientific knowledge of health personnel’s attitudes towards hand hygiene. The result is based on 10 scientific articles. The result shows that health personnel have a positive attitude toward hand hygiene when contact with patients or exposure of body fluids. On the other hand, negative attitude are shown when using gloves, believes that hand hygiene causes skin irritation or when hand disinfection is not easily accessible. Personnel’s knowledge and their superior’s opinions about hand hygiene have an effect on the personnel’s attitude. The summary is that more knowledge among the personnel is needed to change their attitudes and behaviour of hand hygiene. More research about health personnel’s attitudes towards hand hygiene are even needed in a more specific way where different professions attitudes are investigated, so that education can adjust to their particular needs.
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Bergman, Malin. "Långvarig smärta hos vårdtagare inom kommunens äldreomsorg : Utvärdering och lindring." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18823.
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Många äldre lider av långvarig smärta och får inte alltid den hjälp de behöver. Ökad kunskap inom området behövs då antalet äldre kommer att öka. Att utvärdera och lindra smärta hos äldre utgör en viktig del av sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde. Genomförd studie syftar till att undersöka vilka kunskaper som finns om utvärdering och lindring av smärta riktad till äldre boende i kommunen. Genom litteraturöversikt av både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar redovisas resultatet i fyra teman: sjuksköterskans utvärdering av smärta, vårdtagarens utvärdering av smärta, sjuksköterskans lindring av smärta och vårdtagarens lindring av smärta. Hur smärta blev utvärderad stämde inte alltid överens med vårdtagarens upplevelse av smärtan. Smärtlindring sker oftast med läkemedel men alternativa behandlingar blir allt vanligare. Ökat samarbete mellan olika yrkeskategorier kan leda till att äldre med långvarig smärta får den vård de har rätt till. Mer studier behövs för att kunna utveckla vården inom området smärta hos äldre.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Uppsatsnivå: C
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Effron, Alayna Renee. "Expanding Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Care in Alternative Primary Care Settings." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-ge9r-7427.
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The need to expand access to and availability of quality and comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care (SRH) to help close the gaps in existing health disparities and health inequities in the United States is a pressing public health concern. The emergence of alternative primary care settings (i.e., retail-based clinics [RBCs]) has recently proven to be an effective model for the delivery of acute care in lieu of more traditional medical services. Indeed, RBCs could be an agent for greater SRH care access with the integration of more services; however, barriers exist that inhibit this maximization of care. Providers play a central role in the utilization of SRH in RBCs, whether through their intent to recommend or biases about RBCs. Provider recommendation is a strong indicator for patient compliance. However, little is known about how providers’ attitudes and beliefs influence the uptake of SRH in RBCs. This cross-sectional study collected survey data from a large sample of 341 advanced practice clinicians (APC) to (1) understand the benefits and barriers of SRH integration in RBCs; and (2) identify the relationship between the attitudes of APCs regarding RBCs and their influence on barriers and benefits of SRH integration into RBCs. Items were adapted from existing valid and reliable measures. Survey data were analyzed primarily using descriptive statistics. Comparative analysis between demographic factors and identifier variables that led to several themes: a majority of APCs believe the integration of SRH into RBCs would expand access to and availability of quality and comprehensive SRH care for prevention and intervention; hesitancy to recommend SRH services is chiefly founded in lack of confidence in quality assurance, professional training and quality of services offered; overall APCs had a generally positive attitude towards the integration of SRH in RBCs but attitudes differed among the types of SRH services offered at RBCs.
These findings provide insight for the identification of barriers and benefits in the integration of SRH in RBCs. This may create opportunities to address barriers for the expansion of prevention and intervention services among women while capitalizing on benefits to advance awareness, education and access to care.
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Lopes, Rita Azevedo. "Knowledge and Perceptions of Medical Students about Science and Scientific Research in a Portuguese Medical School." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128350.
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Lopes, Rita Azevedo. "Knowledge and Perceptions of Medical Students about Science and Scientific Research in a Portuguese Medical School." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128350.
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