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Academic literature on the topic 'Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences"

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Hannestad, Lance M., Vlado Dančík, Meera Godden, Imelda W. Suen, Kenneth C. Huellas-Bruskiewicz, Benjamin M. Good, Christopher J. Mungall, and Richard M. Bruskiewich. "Knowledge Beacons: Web services for data harvesting of distributed biomedical knowledge." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): e0231916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231916.

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The continually expanding distributed global compendium of biomedical knowledge is diffuse, heterogeneous and huge, posing a serious challenge for biomedical researchers in knowledge harvesting: accessing, compiling, integrating and interpreting data, information and knowledge. In order to accelerate research towards effective medical treatments and optimizing health, it is critical that efficient and automated tools for identifying key research concepts and their experimentally discovered interrelationships are developed. As an activity within the feasibility phase of a project called “Translator” (https://ncats.nih.gov/translator) funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) to develop a biomedical science knowledge management platform, we designed a Representational State Transfer (REST) web services Application Programming Interface (API) specification, which we call a Knowledge Beacon. Knowledge Beacons provide a standardized basic API for the discovery of concepts, their relationships and associated supporting evidence from distributed online repositories of biomedical knowledge. This specification also enforces the annotation of knowledge concepts and statements to the NCATS endorsed the Biolink Model data model and semantic encoding standards (https://biolink.github.io/biolink-model/). Implementation of this API on top of diverse knowledge sources potentially enables their uniform integration behind client software which will facilitate research access and integration of biomedical knowledge. Availability The API and associated software is open source and currently available for access at https://github.com/NCATS-Tangerine/translator-knowledge-beacon.
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Ray, Moira K., Sherril B. Gelmon, Matthew DiVeronica, and Kimberly Lepin. "Faculty Development in Improvement Science: Building Capacity and Expanding Curricula Across an Academic Health Center." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00287.1.

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ABSTRACT Background The ability of health professions faculty to design, teach, evaluate, and improve relevant curricula is vital for teaching improvement science (IS) skills to trainees. Objective We launched a Foundational Improvement Science Curriculum (FISC) to build faculty competence in IS teaching and scholarship, and to develop, expand, and standardize IS curricula across one institution. Methods FISC consisted of 9 full or half-day sessions over 10 months in 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 academic years. Each session required pre-work, including readings, Institute for Healthcare Improvement Open School modules, and personal improvement projects. Sessions included brief didactics, group activities, planning, and feedback on curriculum development. An evaluation strategy was employed, including pre- and post-program self-assessment, competency mapping, evaluations of didactics and overall program, and participant satisfaction. Results Forty individuals from 23 academic programs voluntarily completed FISC, representing 20% of graduate medical education (GME) programs and 50% of primary GME programs in addition to undergraduate medical education (UME) and nursing programs. Median self-assessed competency scores (mid versus final score; scale 1–9, 9 high; P < .05 for all comparisons) improved over the course for all competencies for knowledge (3 versus 7), application (2 versus 7), curriculum design (2 versus 7), and scholarship (2 versus 5). Eighteen new or revised IS curricula were developed across GME, UME, and nursing programs. Conclusions FISC offers a feasible model to enhance and support faculty development in IS and IS curriculum design.
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Chakraborty, Ashok, Smita Guha, and Prabir Patra. "Nanotechnology and Global Applications: Bench to Community." Journal of Biology and Life Science 11, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v11i2.17617.

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Advances in nanotechnology has become enormously promising in the field of health science, in developing many medical equipment. The possible effects of novel nanomedical technology significantly improve the diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of many diseases. Nanomaterials are being applied in operation, disease diagnosis as well as therapy, molecular imaging, implant technology, tissue engineering, as well as a device for efficient drug delivery, protein and gene release. In this review we discussed the utility of nanoscience in health issues, and the knowledge from there how can be disseminated to the educators and parents for expanding STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) programs.
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Jose, P. "Nursing education in future perspective." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i1.10492.

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Trends in health care suggest changes in nursing practice and implications for nursing education. Changing demographics, emphasis on health promotion, health care costs, movement toward community-based care, and expanding technology are factors that shape the health care system of the future and educational preparation of nurses. Faculties are faced with preparing students for future practice that will be more complex and specialized than it is now; will be provided in multiple settings; and will require extensive knowledge, critical thinking and other cognitive skills, technologic and psychomotor skills, and a value system for making ethical decisions. Outcomes of nursing education program include learning to learn, handling ambiguity, thinking like a professional, and accepting responsibility for decisions made in practice. For nursing to assume a central role in the health care system of tomorrow, reform in nursing education is needed today. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i1.10492 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(1): 41-44
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Hesse, Bradford William. "Role of the Internet in Solving the Last Mile Problem in Medicine." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 10 (October 28, 2019): e16385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16385.

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Internet-augmented medicine has a strong role to play in ensuring that all populations benefit equally from discoveries in the medical sciences. Yet, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected from 1999 to 2014 suggested that during the first phase of internet diffusion, progress against mortality has stalled, and in some cases, receded in rural areas that are traditionally underserved by medical and broadband resources. This problem of failing to extend the benefits of extant medical knowledge equitably to all populations regardless of geography can be framed as the “last mile problem in health care.” In theory, the internet should help solve the last mile problem by making the best knowledge in the world available to everyone worldwide at a low cost and no delay. In practice, the antiquated supply chains of industrial age medicine have been slow to yield to the accelerative forces of evolving internet capacity. This failure is exacerbated by the expanding digital divide, preventing residents of isolated, geographically distant communities from taking full advantage of the digital health revolution. The result, according to the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC’s) Connect2Health Task Force, is the unanticipated emergence of “double burden counties,” ie, counties for which the mortality burden is high while broadband access is low. The good news is that a convergence of trends in internet-enabled health care is putting medicine within striking distance of solving the last mile problem both in the United States and globally. Specific trends to monitor over the next 25 years include (1) using community-driven approaches to bridge the digital divide, (2) addressing structural disconnects in care through P4 Medicine, (3) meeting patients at “point-of-need,” (4) ensuring that no one is left behind through population management, and (5) self-correcting cybernetically through the learning health care system.
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Ndayishimiye, Costase, Christoph Sowada, Patrycja Dyjach, Agnieszka Stasiak, John Middleton, Henrique Lopes, and Katarzyna Dubas-Jakóbczyk. "Associations between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Hospital Infrastructure Adaptation and Planning—A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 8195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138195.

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put unprecedented pressure on the hospital sector around the world. It has shown the importance of preparing and planning in the future for an outbreak that overwhelms every aspect of a hospital on a rapidly expanding scale. We conducted a scoping review to identify, map, and systemize existing knowledge about the relationships between COVID-19 and hospital infrastructure adaptation and capacity planning worldwide. We searched the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed and hand-searched gray papers published in English between December 2019 and December 2021. A total of 106 papers were included: 102 empirical studies and four technical reports. Empirical studies entailed five reviews, 40 studies focusing on hospital infrastructure adaptation and planning during the pandemics, and 57 studies on modeling the hospital capacity needed, measured mostly by the number of beds. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income countries and published within the first year of the pandemic. The strategies adopted by hospitals can be classified into short-term (repurposing medical and non-medical buildings, remote adjustments, and establishment of de novo structures) and long-term (architectural and engineering modifications, hospital networks, and digital approaches). More research is needed, focusing on specific strategies and the quality assessment of the evidence.
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McPherson, Susan. "War of conscience: antivaccination and the battle for medical freedom during World War I." Medical Humanities 47, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): e7-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2020-012069.

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The nineteenth century British antivaccination movement attracted popular and parliamentary support and ultimately saw the 1853 law which had made smallpox vaccination compulsory nullified by the 1898 ‘conscientious objector’ clause. In keeping with popular public health discourse of the time, the movement had employed rhetoric associated with sanitary science and liberalism. In the early twentieth century new discoveries in bacteriology were fuelling advances in vaccination and the medical establishment was increasingly pushing for public health to move towards more interventionist medical approaches. With the onset of war in 1914, the medical establishment hoped to persuade the government to introduce compulsory typhoid inoculation for soldiers. This article analyses antivaccination literature, mainstream newspapers and medical press along with parliamentary debates to examine how the British antivaccination movement engaged with this new threat of compulsion by expanding the rhetoric of ‘conscience’ and emphasising medical freedom while also asserting scientific critique concerning the effectiveness of vaccines and the new laboratory based diagnostic practices. In spite of ‘conscience’ fitting well with an emerging public health discourse of individual subjectivity, the mainstream press ridiculed the idea of working-class soldiers having a conscience, coalescing around the idea that ‘conscientious objection’ be reserved for spiritual, philosophical and educated men who objected to military service. Moreover, in spite of engaging in reasoned scientific critique, parliament and press consorted in the demarcation of scientific knowledge as exclusive to medical scientists, reflecting a growing allegiance between the state and the medical establishment during the war. Any scientific arguments critical of medical orthodoxy were subjugated, labelled as ‘crank’ or ‘faddist’ as well as unpatriotic. The antivaccination narratives around conscience contributed to or were part of an evolving discourse on consent and ethics in medicine. Potential parallels are drawn with current and likely future debates around vaccination and counterhegemonic scientific approaches.
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Oh, Sunyoung, Minkyung Gu, and Sohyune Sok. "A Concept Analysis of Nurses’ Clinical Decision Making: Implications for Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063596.

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The study’s purpose was to identify the meaning and the attributes of Korean nurses’ clinical decision making. A sequential and systematic literature review with reflection according to the conceptual analysis method of Walker and Avant was used in this study. Data sources included the National Assembly Library, the National Digital Science Library, ProQuest, PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Finally, twenty-six articles were included in this concept analysis. The concept of Korean nurses’ clinical decision making consisted of the following attributes: clinical reasoning, choosing and applying challenging alternatives, and professional assessment and resetting. Antecedents consisted of: recognizing complex and diverse patient situations with high uncertainty, the need to solve problems according to priority, prior experience in clinical decision making, and interrelationships with fellow medical staff. Consequences consisted of: providing high-quality nursing services, improving the patient’s safety, and increased satisfaction with clinical decision making. Based on these results, the conceptual attributes of Korean nurses’ clinical decision making had slightly different characteristics but were organically interrelated. The results of analyzing the concept of Korean nurses’ clinical decision making provide a better understanding of it and contribute to expanding nursing knowledge and developing a valid and reliable measurement.
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Mueller, Amy E., Anna M. Georgiopoulos, Kim L. Reno, Christine M. Roach, Christopher M. Kvam, Alexandra L. Quittner, Paula Lomas, Beth A. Smith, and Stephanie S. Filigno. "Introduction to Cystic Fibrosis for Mental Health Care Coordinators and Providers: Collaborating to Promote Wellness." Health & Social Work 45, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlaa009.

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Abstract To maximize health, individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) follow a complex, burdensome daily care regimen. Managing CF is associated with a range of significant biopsychosocial challenges and places individuals with CF, and their caregivers, at greater risk for developing anxiety and depression. To promote wellness and address the potential barriers that affect management of this complex chronic illness, many individuals would benefit from treatment from a behavioral health provider. Social workers within multidisciplinary CF care teams are well positioned to respond to this need, and an expanding number of social workers serving as behavioral health providers in the community will be sought as a resource to provide treatment to this population. This article serves as a primer for social workers to maximize knowledge of the psychosocial and potential behavioral health needs of individuals with CF across the life span. To best support individuals with CF, authors describe the disease-specific manifestations and outline the numerous potential clinical targets for social work to promote wellness. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of communication with the medical team and considerations for effective collaborative care.
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Ahmad Rajion, Zainul. "Introduction to IJOHS." IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v1i1.19.

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It gives me great pleasure to write the foreword for the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences (IJOHS). The field of orofacial and health sciences is not static and the demand for studies addressing the large variety of current issues continues to grow. As an example, in medicine and dentistry, the planning and evaluation of maxillofacial surgery are dependent on advances in biomedical imaging for defining the underlying bony structures and their relationship to overlying soft tissue. Recently, the availability of state-of-the-art computed tomography (CT) has altered our approach to the analysis of complex craniofacial anomalies. Furthermore, the sophistication of medical imaging of the head and neck has advance significantly as a result of the marriage of computers and radiology and their close research collaboration between researchers and scientist, engineers and clinicians. In view of this demand and the fact that numerous research findings published, there is a need for this journal, aims to bring together dentist, doctors and scientists, and other disciplines including computer expert and engineers to work together. Therefore, this journal hopes to create a medium for sharing ideas and importantly to provide a springboard for the application of multi-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approaches with the common interest to share their knowledge and experience in many aspects of orofacial and health sciences. In addition to recognize, nurture and encourage scientific thinking that is required for the development and application of expanding biomedical knowledge and to foster scholarly interaction between them therefore contributing to the creation and improvement of sciences.IJOHS is proud to launch its inaugural issue to keep informed of the activities and progress made. The editorial team believed that IJOHS will become the important source for the continuous research and commentary by offering an exceptional forum for the ongoing activities of the above professionals and to keep abreast of current trend and future developments. We look forward to working together to achieve this important goal. May I also take this opportunity to extend my grateful thanks to the Dean of the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, Dr. Salwana Supa’at for electing me as Chief Editor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences"

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Backhouse, Peter. "Medical knowledge, medical power : doctors and health policy in Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb126.pdf.

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Kairouz, Joseph. "Patient data management system medical knowledge-base evaluation." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24060.

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The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the medical data management expert system at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Montreal Children's Hospital. The objective of this study is to provide a systematic method to evaluate and, progressively improve the knowledge embedded in the medical expert system.
Following a literature survey on evaluation techniques and architecture of existing expert systems, an overview of the Patient Data Management System hardware and software components is presented. The design of the Expert Monitoring System is elaborated. Following its installation in the intensive Care Unit, the performance of the Expert Monitoring System is evaluated, operating on real vital sign data and corrections were formulated. A progressive evaluation technique, new methodology for evaluating an expert system knowledge-base is proposed for subsequent corrections and evaluations of the Expert Monitoring System.
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Tortorella, Genova Toni. "Evaluating Medical-Surgical Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain| A Descriptive Comparative Analysis." Thesis, The William Paterson University of New Jersey, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3617158.

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Background: Pain is part of the human experience. The management of pain is a problem of significant magnitude in the United States. Nurses are on the forefront of this issue with the capacity to assess and respond to patients needs. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pain can predict the nurses' ability to adequately meet patient's pain reduction needs.

Objective: The aim of this DNP project was to replicate a 1996 study comparing outcomes of the attitudes and knowledge regarding pain survey of a convenience sample of medical-surgical nurses in 2013 with nurses from 1996 to determine if attitudes towards pain have changed.

Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative design. The Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (NKASRP) and a demographic survey were utilized to assess the nurses' knowledge level and attitudes toward pain and pain management.

Sample: A convenience sample of nurses (n=58) from nine in-patient, medical-surgical units at a large multi-facility health care system volunteered to participate.

Results: No significant differences were found between the attitudes on pain from the 1996 and 2013 respondents. The mean score on the NKASRP was 67%. No significant correlations were identified between any demographic variable and nurses' scores.

Conclusion: Despite increased educational preparation since 1996, the mean score on the NKASRP remained well below what is considered average knowledge. Nursing academics and hospital orientations need to evaluate nurses' attitudes and knowledge and provide the education that can help nurses provide adequate pain management to patients.

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Houston, Andrea Lynn 1954. "Knowledge integration for medical informatics: An experiment on a cancer information system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288868.

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This research investigated the question of whether automatic or system-generated information classification methods can help humans better manage information. A series of four experiments were conducted; they investigated the usability (i.e., usefulness) of two automatic approaches to information classification, the concept space approach and a Kohonen-based SOM approach in the context of information retrieval. The concept space approach was evaluated in three different domains: Electronic Brainstorming (EBS) sessions, the Internet, and medical literature (the CancerLit collection). The Kohonen-based SOM approach was evaluated in the Internet and medical literature (CancerLit) domains only. In each case, the approach under investigation was compared with existing systems in order to demonstrate performance viability. The basic premise that information management, in particular information retrieval, can be successfully supported by system-based information classification techniques and that humans would find such techniques viable and useful was supported by the experiments. The concept space approach was more successful than the Kohonen-based SOM approach. After modifications to the algorithms based on user feedback from the EBS experiments had been made, users found the concept space approach results to be comparable (in the Internet study) or superior (in the CancerLit study) to existing information classification systems. The key future enhancement will be incorporation of better ways to identify document descriptors through syntactic and semantic front-end processing. The Kohonen-based SOM approach was considered difficult to use in all but one specialized case (the dynamic SOM created as part of the CancerLit prototype). This can probably be attributed to the fact that its associative organization does not match with the standard mental models (hierarchical and alphabetic) for information classification.
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Goldstein, Theodore C. "Tools for extracting actionable medical knowledge from genomic big data." Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3589324.

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Cancer is an ideal target for personal genomics-based medicine that uses high-throughput genome assays such as DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, and expression analysis (collectively called omics); however, researchers and physicians are overwhelmed by the quantities of big data from these assays and cannot interpret this information accurately without specialized tools. To address this problem, I have created software methods and tools called OCCAM (OmiC data Cancer Analytic Model) and DIPSC (Differential Pathway Signature Correlation) for automatically extracting knowledge from this data and turning it into an actionable knowledge base called the activitome. An activitome signature measures a mutation's effect on the cellular molecular pathway. As well, activitome signatures can also be computed for clinical phenotypes. By comparing the vectors of activitome signatures of different mutations and clinical outcomes, intrinsic relationships between these events may be uncovered. OCCAM identifies activitome signatures that can be used to guide the development and application of therapies. DIPSC overcomes the confounding problem of correlating multiple activitome signatures from the same set of samples. In addition, to support the collection of this big data, I have developed MedBook, a federated distributed social network designed for a medical research and decision support system. OCCAM and DIPSC are two of the many apps that will operate inside of MedBook. MedBook extends the Galaxy system with a signature database, an end-user oriented application platform, a rich data medical knowledge-publishing model, and the Biomedical Evidence Graph (BMEG). The goal of MedBook is to improve the outcomes by learning from every patient.

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Odisho, Helen, and Hina Khan. "Oral health knowledge among nursing students." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Oral hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36308.

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Background: Oral health is a part of general health and it is therefore important that nurses are able to detect abnormalities in the mouth to refer to dental care. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine oral health knowledge regarding oral diseases and oral hygiene among nursing students at two universities - InHolland University and University of Victoria [UVic]. Method: This study has a quantitative cross-sectional design based on a questionnaire. Chi-square tests were made to discover differences between the two universities. Results: The study consists of a total of 105 questionnaires. The participants had good knowledge of oral hygiene. Concerning knowledge about dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis, limited knowledge and several statistical significant differences between the universities were found. The extent of the oral health education was between 1-10 hours in the respective universities. Several nurses considered that they did not feel ready or were unsure if they have enough knowledge about oral health for their future work. Conclusion: The study has shown that the nursing students at both InHolland University and UVic have basic knowledge regarding oral hygiene but moderate knowledge in oral diseases regarding development and prevention of dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis.
Bakgrund: Oral hälsa är en del av allmän hälsa och därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor kan upptäcka eventuella avvikelser i munnen för att remittera vidare till tandvård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka kunskap om oral hälsa gällande orala sjukdomar och munhygien bland sjuksköterskestudenter vid InHolland University och University of Victoria [UVic]. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med enkät som datainsamlingsmetod genomfördes bland tredje års sjuksköterskestudenter vid InHolland University och UVic. Chi-2 tester utfördes för att jämföra variabler mellan universiteten. Resultat: Studien består av totalt 105 enkäter. Resultatet avseende munhygien visade på goda kunskaper inom ämnet. Resultatet avseende kunskaper om karies, gingivit samt parodontit visade på en begränsad kunskap och skillnader återfanns mellan universiteten. Omfattningen av utbildning inom oral hälsa på programmen låg mellan 1-10 timmar på båda universiteten. Flera sjuksköterskestudenter ansåg att de inte kände sig redo eller var osäkra på om de var redo att tillämpa sina kunskaper inom oral hälsa, genom att upptäcka och jobba preventivt, i framtida arbetet. Slutsats: Studien visar att sjuksköterskestudenter har grundläggande kunskaper avseende munhygienen men måttlig kunskap inom orala sjukdomar avseende uppkomst och prevention av karies, gingivit och parodontit.
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Karlsson, Sofie, and Palm Fredrika Lundberg. "Patients knowledge about caries prevention and oral hygiene - a comparative study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154179.

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Background: The caries aetiology is individual and multifactorial, and even though common causes are known to professionals, patients still suffer from the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if the patient care education of today is optimal. The research question stated is if knowledge about caries prevention and self-care in the population is equal irrespective of age. Methods: A questionnaire was designed and distributed to participants in two age groups, equally divided in two Swedish cities. The groups were constituted by adolescents aged 16-21 and senior citizens over 60 years of age. Results: The findings indicate a higher tooth brushing frequency and use of interproximal hygiene aid among the elder population. The older age group claimed to have received information and instructions to a higher extent than the younger group. All participants showed poor knowledge regarding utilisation, dosage and beneficial properties of fluoride. The majority were willing to receive more information about oral hygiene and how to maintain good oral health, but an equal number was not interested in paying for more information. Conclusions: In conclusion, most of the responders are performing basic oral hygiene. However, there are still some knowledge gaps remaining, whereas knowledge about caries prevention and self-care in the population is unequal in respect of age; the older population proved to be more well-informed.
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Alshahrani, Waleed. "INVESTIGATING KNOWLEDGE, STRESS PREVALENCE, AND STRESSORS IN RELATION TO STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1563408729106448.

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Shebel, Batoul, and Lisa Schön. "Adolescent Knowledge about the Influence of Smoking on Periodontal Health- Value of Intervention. A Pilot Survey." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155435.

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Background:Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis, and tobacco use among adults has remained unaltered at 25 % between 2007 to 2016. Dental personnel are important informers about health risks of smoking including the association between smoking and periodontitis. Aims and methods:A survey was conducted where three schools in Umeå, Sweden participated. 128 students were divided into a control and a test group. An intervention including a lecture about healthy oral conditions was given to the control group and a lecture about smoking and its association to periodontitis to the test group. Questionnaires about the students smoking habits and their knowledge about adverse effects of smoking were filled in by the students before and after the intervention. The aim of the study was to investigate if short information given by dental personnel could change the attitude to smoking and the knowledge about its correlation to periodontitis among adolescents.   Results:According to our study, 28/128 students (22 %) smoked at baseline. At follow up, the students in the test group demonstrated increased knowledge about the effects of smoking on periodontal health compared to the control group. Motivating factors to quit smoking were the aesthetical side effects of smoking and its association to periodontitis.    Conclusion:The study suggested that short information in school can alter the attitude toward smoking and may serve as a useful tool to prevent smoking in adolescents. Knowledge about adverse aesthetical and periodontal effects of smoking may be useful in smoking prevention.
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Houghton, Caryn C. "Looking for pleasure or knowledge? Dissecting the narcissistic medical gaze of William Hunter (1718-1783)." Thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526311.

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The images of dissected pregnant women in William Hunter's atlas Anatomia Uteri Humani Gravidi published in 1774 were among the first realistic, highly detailed illustrations of fetal development and pregnant female physiology. Commissioned by Hunter, the images established scientific truth about female reproductive anatomy, a previously misunderstood field, and aided in the elevation of the work of male-midwives to that of respected obstetricians. The fetal image he presented, like a Lacanian mirror, also opened the door into the psyche of William Hunter. Driven by his passion for anatomical research, Hunter pursued the uncharted territories of female anatomy and fetal development in a narcissistic path of self-aggrandizement. The thesis herein compares Hunter's images to historical images to examine Hunter's unique and innovative qualities. Hunter's images demystify the Jungian maternal archetype and reflect his desire to create artful images. The ethical use of the human body in the arts is also discussed.

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Books on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences"

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Association, Manitoba Health Libraries. Access to knowledge-based health information in Manitoba: A position paper. Winnipeg, MB: The Association, 1998.

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Applied scientific inquiry in the health professions: An epistemological orientation. 2nd ed. Bethesda, Md: American Occupational Therapy Association, 1996.

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Applied scientific inquiry in the health professions: An epistemological orientation. Rockville, Md: AOTA, American Occupational Therapy Association, 1992.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Knowledge Democracy: Consequences for Science, Politics, and Media. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Nichols, Eve K. Expanding access to investigational therapies for HIV infection and AIDS: March 12-13, 1990, conference summary. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.

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Hewitt, Anne Marie. THE IMPACT OF CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION ON OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIANS' AND NURSES' PREVENTIVE PULMONARY KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICES, AND WORKSITE ENVIRONMENTS. 1993.

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Knowledge to action: Critical health issues and the work of health philanthropy over 25 years. [Washington, DC: Grantmakers in Health, 2007.

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Sirles, Ann Travis. THE EFFECT OF A SELF-CARE HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM ON PARENTS' SELF-CARE KNOWLEDGE, HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL AND CHILDREN'S MEDICAL UTILIZATION RATE. 1985.

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Lydecki, Richard G. Physical therapy and health sciences: Medical analysis index with research bibliography (World's best research books of new knowledge). Abbe, 1999.

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Rīga Stradiņš University International Research Conference on Medical and Health Care Sciences “Knowledge for Use in Practice”. Abstracts, 24–26 March, 2021. Rīga Stradiņš University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/rw2021.kup.abstracts-book.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences"

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Ghosh, Shyamasree, and Rathi Dasgupta. "Applications and Software of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Knowledge and Health." In Machine Learning in Biological Sciences, 151–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8881-2_17.

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Gissum, Karen Rosnes. "Lost in Translation." In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 69–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_6.

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AbstractThe era of precision medicine and biomarkers is here. Medical science and research on biomarkers have made enormous improvements in medical care for cancer patients, improvements that are highly valuable to patients and their caregivers as well as prestige for medical scientists and the pharmaceutical industry. But do these improvements lead to “good health” for cancer patients? “Good health” is one of the most important things in life, but what is the meaning of “good health” today, how do we talk about health, who is declaring a status of ‘good health’, do modern medicine have limitations in being able to declare ‘good health’, and by which perspectives are “good health” declared? These are all relevant questions to ask when defining and framing health, disease and illness in the era of precision medicine.Ovarian cancer is a serious and highly lethal disease. The different perspectives of health, disease and illness affects the physician-patient relationship and eventually the decision-making. The rapid progress in biomedicine demands knowledge and understanding, but are physicians and cancer patients living in the same world, understanding the same language, or are they all lost in the translation when communicating and understanding illness, disease and above all – health?
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Lotsberg, Maria Lie, and Stacey Ann D’mello Peters. "Publication Bias in Precision Oncology and Cancer Biomarker Research; Challenges and Possible Implications." In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 155–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_10.

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AbstractPublication bias and lack of information sharing are major obstacles in scientific research. Indeed, a lot of time, money and effort might be misspent on research that has already been undertaken, but not published. Over time, this causes a bias in the scientific literature that has implications for researchers designing new research projects or interpreting results. It also affects society and decision-making processes as important scientific knowledge is not shared, used, and critically discussed. In the specific context of medical research, publication bias can have a great impact on patients’ lives, as they could potentially have received a more adequate treatment or avoided harmful side-effects. The issue of publication bias seems even more stringent for precision oncology and biomarker research, as aiming for perfection or ‘hyper precision’ will leave even less space for ‘negative’ results than in medical research in general. Indeed, although a lot of resources are spent on cancer biomarker research, still only a few biomarkers end up in the clinic, and even for those that “succeed” in this process, there are still challenges with defining cut-offs for biomarker positive and negative subgroups as well as deciding how to treat the biomarker defined subgroups in a most optimal way. The aim of this chapter is to explore the extent of publication bias in the context of precision oncology and cancer biomarker research: its implications on researchers, patients, and society, as well as to reflect on the deeper roots of the problem.
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Bremer, Anne, and Roger Strand. "Introduction." In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_1.

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AbstractThis introductory chapter gives an overview of the context in which the book was written, and goes through the central themes being addressed. The book is a result of long-held collaborations between oncologists, clinicians, philosophers, STSers, anthropologists, economists, ethicists, and media studies scholars, who, for the most part, are affiliated to the Centre for Cancer Biomarker (CCBIO), in Bergen, Norway. In addressing the issues at stake and matters of concern around precision oncology and cancer biomarker research, the authors come to see precision oncology as a sociotechnical imaginary, around which a high degree of confusion between hope and reality is observed, and where debates around the feasibility and desirability of precision medicine are altogether political, social, ethical, scientific and medical. The contributions to this book variously approach the culture of biomarker research, powered to a significant extent by a sociotechnical imaginary of precision oncology, with a focus on the following overarching themes: (i) the uncomfortable knowledge that comes to undermine the legitimacy of precision oncology by point at its shortfalls, and the lack of ambivalence in the discourses and practices around precision oncology; (ii) the dynamics of framing and overflowing, when trying to control biological, social and ethical complexity; and (iii) the role of the economy of hope in legitimising and sustaining the imaginary of precision oncology, and the starch dichotomy between illness and disease it leads to.
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Sæteren, Berit, and Dagfinn Nåden. "Dignity: An Essential Foundation for Promoting Health and Well-Being." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_7.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to illuminate different understandings of the concept of dignity and to discuss how we can make use of this knowledge to enhance human health. Dignity is viewed as a universal concept in health sciences and a feature necessary to promote health and alleviate suffering related to sickness and impending death. The ideas presented in this chapter are founded in a caring science paradigm where the human being is considered as a unique entity consisting of body, soul, and spirit. Caring science as referred to in this chapter has its scientific foundation in Gadamer’s ontological hermeneutics.Dignity is described in a historical perspective, and different meanings of dignity are clarified. Since health and dignity relate to one other, we have clarified the concept of health employing the texts of the Finnish theoretician Katie Eriksson. In order to illuminate the perspective of health promotion, we have also briefly described health in a salutogenic perspective according to the medical sociologist Aron Antonovsky. In clarifying dignity, the texts of well-known researchers from the Nordic countries and UK were employed. In reflecting on how we can make use of the knowledge of dignity and indignity to promote health, we have considered this matter in light of results of a major Scandinavian study. The main purpose of this study was to explore dignity and indignity of patients in nursing homes from the perspective of patients, family caregivers, and health personnel. The testimonies presented in this section are further interpreted employing mainly caring science and philosophical literature. Lastly, a short summary of some public policy efforts with the aim to preserve human dignity is offered.
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Berger, Antony R. "Introduction." In Geology and Health, edited by H. Catherine W. Skinner. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0004.

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This volume is a contribution to the new and rapidly expanding field of medical geology that links geologists and other earth scientists with plant and animal biologists and medical, dental, and veterinary specialists in efforts to resolve local and global health issues. The topics mentioned range from the health effects of arsenic, mercury, and fibrous minerals, natural hazards that contribute to the etiology of endemic diseases, to questions on the identification of such hazards. Medical geology aims to strengthen and integrate research that can reduce environmental threats to the health and well-being of humans and animals. It embraces disciplines as diverse as mineralogy and pathology (Geology and Health 2001, Geosciences and Human Health 2001). Health generally refers to people and other living creatures, whereas the focus of geology is on the inanimate and the distant past. Although these may be separate arenas or compartments for investigations, the direct links are hard to ignore. Life itself has evolved within a matrix of earth materials — rocks, minerals, soils, water, air — the availability of which has a profound control on what all living creatures ingest and how they develop, both biologically and culturally. The air we breathe, the water we drink, and the nutrients we consume depend on the geological environment that we can only partially control. As we struggle to cope in a world rushing toward 10 billion people, a better understanding of the ways in which the natural environment influences our health should permit more intelligent decisions for the future. The general consensus concerning global change recognizes that humans have had a powerful impact on their surroundings. The other side to that relationship — the sometimes harmful effects of geological materials and processes on us — is the subject of this volume. Combining knowledge and expertise from the earth sciences with that from the medical and life sciences has numerous applications to the resolution of health issues. Coordinating efforts can sharpen the definition of a problem, aid in strategies of reclamation, define and locate sources of potable water, and develop economical solutions based on geological principles that can help to ease, if not prevent, suffering and disease.
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Reiser, Stanley Joel. "The Bearing of Social Sciences Knowledge on Medical Education and Practice." In Assessing the Contributions of the Social Sciences to Health, 209–16. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429047565-10.

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Garland, Ann F. "Expanding the Possibilities: Populations, Settings, and Types of Work." In Pursuing a Career in Mental Health, 67–82. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197544716.003.0006.

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Many people have limited knowledge of the full range of career opportunities in the mental health field. This chapter expands on that knowledge by introducing a wide array of possibilities beyond familiar options such as private practice. The chapter describes a range of populations (e.g., children, adults, couples), work contexts (e.g., schools, clinics, media, business, technology, government), types of work (e.g., psychotherapy, assessment, consulting, research), and specialty areas (e.g., LGBTQ+, medical issues, foster care, bereavement, brain injury, substance abuse, military). Dozens of specific examples of real jobs which draw from each of these categories are listed for inspiration. To help readers clarify their own interests, a summary of the major benefits and challenges of working with each population group is provided. The goal of this chapter is to inspire the reader’s imagination about exciting career opportunities.
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"Infection and immunity." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Medical Sciences, edited by Jade Chow, John Patterson, Kathy Boursicot, and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605071.003.0027.

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A key outcome in medical education is the training of doctors to acquire the knowledge and understanding of the basic science that underpins clinical practice. The graduate will be able to apply to medical practice biomedical scientific principles, method and knowledge relating to: anatomy, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, molecular biology, nutrition, pathology, pharmacology and physiology .’ (Tomorrow’s Doctors 2009, GMC, UK). In this, the last of the themed chapters of questions that map to the Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences, we will test knowledge of infectious diseases and the host immune responses that counteract them. Despite the shift of the world health problem to non-communicable diseases in recent times (Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010, World Health Organization), infectious diseases remain a major health problem in many parts of the world. Even in developed countries, epidemics and outbreaks of infections are not infrequent events, pandemics sporadically crop up at the least expected times. In addition, microorganisms constantly evolve to escape the host immune response and to develop resistance to treatments that have been developed. Therefore, we have no choice but to keep up our knowledge and to develop new treatments.
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Cavaco, Afonso Miguel, Catarina Martins Pires, Margarida Pinto Dias, Cecília Beecher Martins, Teresa Casal, and Maria de Jesus Cabral. "Bridging Pharmacy Education and Health Humanities." In Advances in Medical Education, Research, and Ethics, 91–113. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4486-0.ch005.

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Pharmacy education is largely based on learning elements of disease and the corresponding elements of treatment, using the natural sciences and the biomedical perspective. While this is central for competent pharmacists in working on the research, production, and use of drugs, many professionals deal with people suffering from ill-health. Developing clinical roles requires, besides the traditional pharmaceutical knowledge, the ability to understand illness experiences from the perspectives of patients and significant others. Health humanities provide important resources to link human traits and biomedical knowledge, essential for sensitive and responsive pharmacy practice. The chapter aims to explore emerging opportunities for pharmacists' thinking and working with patients offered by the developing movement of health humanities and narrative medicine.
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Conference papers on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences"

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Utami, Dessy Tree, and Nur Sefa Arief Hermawan. "RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, AND MOTIVATION WITH PERFORMANCE OF TB PROGRAM OFFICERS IN TB CASE FINDING." In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.20.

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It is known that knowledge, training, and motivation are related to the performance of TB program officers in finding TB cases at the Bandar Lampung City Health Center in 2021. The type of research used in this study is quantitative with research design analytic survey with a Cross Sectional approach. The measuring tool is a questionnaire how to measure it by interview. The results of this study showed that there was no relationship between knowledge and the performance of TB officers (p-value 0.848), there was a relationship between training and the performance of TB officers (p-value 0.041 with OR = 11.556), there was no relationship between motivation and the performance of TB officers in TB case finding in Indonesia. Bandar Lampung City Health Center in 2021 (p-value 0.102). The location of the Puskesmas is far from the research location, so that researchers have difficulty reaching the location and it is also difficult to meet some respondents because the time coincides with the pandemic, there are several respondents who provide vaccine services so researchers have to wait a long time. at 31 Puskesmas City Bandar Lampung program specifically for TB officers
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Risti, Khairunnisa Nadya, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, and Suminah. "Nutrition Knowledge and Healthy Food Choices After Participating in Online Nutrition Education in Overweight Adolescents." In International Conference on Health and Medical Sciences (AHMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210127.011.

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Yuniarti, Falasifah Ani. "Using Whatsapp Group to Increase Mother’s Knowledge on TBC in Sambisari Village, Condong Catur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta." In International Conference on Health and Medical Sciences (AHMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210127.034.

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Puspitasari, Dian, and Tri Sunarsih. "The Effectiveness of Education Video and Booklet Media for Pregnant Mothers Knowledge on Preparation of Breastfeeding Practice." In International Conference on Health and Medical Sciences (AHMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210127.049.

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Rahmayanti, Ayu Lestari, Yulistiana Evayanti, Dessy Hermawan, and Ike Ate Yuviska. "THE FACTORS CONCERNING THE INCIDENCE OF ASPHYXIA ON MATERNITY WOMEN DURING THE COVID19 PANDEMIC AT Dr H ABDUL MOELOEK LAMPUNG PROVINCE HOSPITAL IN 2020." In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.28.

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The purpose of the study is to identify the factors concerning the incidence of asphyxia on maternity women during the Covid19 pandemic at Dr H Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province Hospital in 2021. The study is a correlational analytical survey with a case-control approach. The population of the study consisted of 244 neonates in which 122 of them became the samples. The objects of this study were maternal age, amniotic fluid, birth weight, umbilical cord entanglement, infection, partum age, newborns diagnosed with asphyxia neonatorum. The study was conducted at Dr H Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province Hospital in July 2021. Data collection technique was through observation sheet. The data analysis was univariate and bivariate. It was found that there was no relationship among maternal age (p value = 0.708), amniotic fluid (p-value = 0.896), birth weight (p value = 0.000), umbilical cord entanglement (0.370), infection (p value = 0.285) towards the incidence of asphyxia at Dr H Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province Hospital in 2021. Pregnant women should improve their knowledge about the risk factors of pregnant women and infants that may cause death. They are suggested to diligently check their pregnancy or ANC to know and monitor the condition of their babies
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Rughubar-Reddy, Sheena. "Quantitative literacy intervention in the faculty of health sciences for medical students at the university of cape town." In Promoting Understanding of Statistics about Society. International Association for Statistical Education, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.16306.

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This article examines some aspects of the effectiveness of a first-year course in quantitative literacy for medical students at a South African university. As many students do not have the necessary foundations of mathematical and statistical knowledge and skills, the interventions are intended to provide 'foundations' in terms of quantitative literacy. Since quantitative literacy is a practice embedded in the disciplinary practices, this intervention has been integrated into the disciplinary curriculum. While this supports the argument that students motivation to engage with a context-driven curriculum is dependent on their interest in and perception of the relevance of the content and context used, the intervention could be enhanced by being more explicit in clarifying the distinctions between the disciplinary contexts and the mathematical and statistical content, as well integrating technology into the curriculum and creating opportunities for students to become involved in data collection on small research projects.
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Kuba, Ruchika, Tapan Kumar Jena, and Biplab Jamatia. "Demonstration of Working Models of Medical Education through Open and Distance Education Mode." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3173.

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Medical Education is the backbone of health care of a country. Over the years medical education in India has been restricted mainly to the conventional system of education where graduation and post-graduation is offered through a network of medical colleges both by the government and the private institutions. However, they are not only a far cry for the health manpower resource of the country, but also are not able to address the continuing medical education requirements of the medical fraternity which is the dire need today due to changing disease patterns, advancement in medical management and technologies being increasingly used for diagnosis and treatment. Indira Gandhi National Open University through it’s School of Health Sciences established in 1991 has been offering a variety of continuing medical education programmes for doctors through open and distance mode using the blended approach. Through this panel discussion, the speakers will demonstrate the different models that have been adopted over the period of almost three decades. Awareness and skill enhancing programmes have been developed in the area of health care like yoga and health care waste management, targeted to a mixed group of health professionals and paraprofessionals. Innovative models have been developed for Continuing Medical Education of in-service doctors and dentists for updating their knowledge and providing hands on training in programme specific skills at identified medical colleges and hospitals both at the tertiary and district level. Subjects not covered in the conventional system like MCH, HIV medicine, Geriatric medicine and CBRNE disasters have been taken up. Experimental models have also been developed for PG Medical Education targeting doctors for specialization and super specialization for statutory recognition of the qualification. These programmes when offered through the blended mode would be more cost effective and feasible for a larger target group as compared to the conventional system.
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Dias, Luis Regagnan, Cristhiane Campos Marques de Oliveira, Nicole Nogueira Cardoso, Adriany Brito Sousa, Marcos Filipe Bueno Langkamer, Carolina Barbosa Carvalho do Carmo, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho Mariz, and Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Students’ knowledge of Counseling and Testing Centers at a University in Southwest Goiás." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p186.

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Introduction: The Counseling and Testing Centers (CTC) provide public services aimed at the general population, offering access to serological tests for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and various forms of prevention, from the distribution of male condoms to confidential, individual, and anonymous counseling. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of university students about CTC in the Southwest of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study with a descriptive quantitative approach based on information collected through an online form. Results: The sample consisted of 120 students, of which 64 (53.3%) are white, 84 (70%) are women, 107 (89.2%) are single, and 88 (73.3%) are from health sciences courses. Sixty-six (55%) participants reported not knowing the CTC and only 7 (5.8%) attended a service at any time in their lives. About the services offered, 70 (58.3%) knew about the free offer of STI tests and 66 (55%) were unaware that the CTC offers individualized prevention strategies. Regarding the medical request, 76 (63.3%) students were unaware that there is no need and 79 (65.8%) were unaware that transvestites and transsexuals can use the social name. After answering the form, 107 (89.1%) participants agreed to seek assistance at the CTC eventually, if needed. Conclusion: The majority of students are white, women, single, from the health area, and unaware of the service and activities performed by the CTC. Thus, the study revealed a situation of clear ignorance of university students about CTC in the Southwest of Goiás, demonstrating the need to publicize the service aiming to increase the demand for care in the region.
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Fardilha, Margarida, and Magda Carvalho Henriques. "How to motivate students to learn Metabolic Biochemistry in a Biomedical Sciences curricula." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9315.

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Teaching methodologies used in biochemistry classes at the University level are traditionally dependent on theorical classes. The assessment is usually based on written tests performed at the end of the semester. However, most students who learn metabolism by this traditional method consider the study of metabolic biochemistry a terrifying and unforgettable experience. Understanding biochemical metabolic pathways was the proposed goal of the Medical Biochemistry curricular unit. To this end, the multi-method active learning approach was used in order to increase students’ motivation towards the learning process and to allow the development of skills associated with group conflict resolution, critical thinking and communication skills. Overall, students and learning facilitators were highly motivated by the diversity of learning activities, particularly due to the emphasis on correlating theoretical knowledge with human health and disease. As a quality control exercise, the students were asked to answer a questionnaire on their evaluation of the teaching/learning experience. Thus, the initial analysis of the student’s perception questionnaires permits to conclude that the approach undertaken yields results that surpass the traditional teaching methods. Investing in preparing attractive and motivating classes increases students and teacher’s general satisfaction and the learning/teaching process becomes more efficient.
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Jugl, Sebastian, Aimalohi Okpeku, Brianna Costales, Earl Morris, Golnoosh Alipour-Harris, Juan Hincapie-Castillo, Nichole Stetten, et al. "A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the United States, from 2016 to 2019." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.25.

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Background: Medical cannabis is available to patients by physician order in two-thirds of the United States (U.S.) as of 2020, but remains classified as an illicit substance by federal law. States that permit medical cannabis ordered by a physician typically require a diagnosed medical condition that is considered qualifying by respective state law. Objectives: To identify and map the most recently (2016-2019) published clinical and scientific literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis, and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews. Methods: Literature search was conducted from five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov), with expansion and update from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s (NASEM) comprehensive evidence review through 2016 of the health effects of cannabis on several conditions. Following consultation with experts and stakeholders, 11 conditions were identified for evidence evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism, cancer, chronic pain, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The following exclusion criteria were imposed: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome, intervention, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Studies classified as systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were graded using the AMSTAR-2 tool by two raters to evaluate the quality of evidence, with additional raters to resolve cases of evidence grade disagreement. Results: A total of 438 studies were included after screening. Five completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, and an additional 11 trials were ongoing, and 1 terminated. Cancer, chronic pain, and epilepsy were the most researched topic areas, representing more than two-thirds of all reviewed studies. The quality of evidence assessment for each condition suggests that few high-quality systematic reviews are available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS, epilepsy, and chronic pain. In those areas, findings on chronic pain are mostly in alignment with the previous literature, suggesting that cannabis or cannabinoids are potentially beneficial in treating chronic neuropathic pain. In epilepsy, findings suggest that cannabidiol is potentially effective in reducing seizures in pediatric patients with drug-resistant Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. In MS, recent high-quality systematic reviews did not include new RCTs, and are therefore not substantially expanding the evidence base. In sum, the most recent clinical evidence suggests that for most of the conditions assessed, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic pain), with the higher quality of evidence for epilepsy driven by FDA-approved formulations for cannabis-based seizure treatments. Conclusion: The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences"

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Patient involvement in the development, regulation and safe use of medicines. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56759/iiew8982.

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This report from the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) describes the importance of systematically involving patients throughout a medicine’s life – from its early development, through regulatory process to ongoing monitoring and safe use in everyday healthcare. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about the benefits of patient involvement and existing initiatives, gives many examples and recommendations, and addresses the remaining challenges and practice gaps. The report will prompt readers to implement its best practice recommendations according to how well they fit in with their organisational and national needs. The report combines the experience and expertise of the CIOMS Working Group XI on Patient involvement in the development, regulation and safe use of medicines. It also incorporates views gathered from an open meeting in Switzerland and a workshop in Uganda, which both brought together members of the public, patient organisation representatives, regulators, drug development experts, industry, academia, health professionals and other related stakeholders. The report was finalised following a public consultation.
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