Journal articles on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in the health sciences'
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Hannestad, Lance M., Vlado Dančík, Meera Godden, Imelda W. Suen, Kenneth C. Huellas-Bruskiewicz, Benjamin M. Good, Christopher J. Mungall, and Richard M. Bruskiewich. "Knowledge Beacons: Web services for data harvesting of distributed biomedical knowledge." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): e0231916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231916.
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The continually expanding distributed global compendium of biomedical knowledge is diffuse, heterogeneous and huge, posing a serious challenge for biomedical researchers in knowledge harvesting: accessing, compiling, integrating and interpreting data, information and knowledge. In order to accelerate research towards effective medical treatments and optimizing health, it is critical that efficient and automated tools for identifying key research concepts and their experimentally discovered interrelationships are developed. As an activity within the feasibility phase of a project called “Translator” (https://ncats.nih.gov/translator) funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) to develop a biomedical science knowledge management platform, we designed a Representational State Transfer (REST) web services Application Programming Interface (API) specification, which we call a Knowledge Beacon. Knowledge Beacons provide a standardized basic API for the discovery of concepts, their relationships and associated supporting evidence from distributed online repositories of biomedical knowledge. This specification also enforces the annotation of knowledge concepts and statements to the NCATS endorsed the Biolink Model data model and semantic encoding standards (https://biolink.github.io/biolink-model/). Implementation of this API on top of diverse knowledge sources potentially enables their uniform integration behind client software which will facilitate research access and integration of biomedical knowledge. Availability The API and associated software is open source and currently available for access at https://github.com/NCATS-Tangerine/translator-knowledge-beacon.
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Manning, Patrick. "The Life Sciences, 1900–2000: Analysis and Social Welfare from Mendel and Koch to Biotech and Conservation." Asian Review of World Histories 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340030.
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Abstract The life sciences underwent a dramatic transformation during the twentieth century, with an expansion in fundamental knowledge of the process of evolution and its molecular basis, through advances in health care that greatly extended human life, and by the combination of these advances to address the problem of conserving the many forms of life threatened by expanding human society. The essay highlights the worldwide emphasis on social welfare in the years 1945–1980 and the expanding role of international collaboration, especially in the International Biological Program and its advances in ecology and the notion of the biosphere, and in the emergence of molecular biology. This was also the era of the Cold War, yet military confrontation had fewer implications for life sciences than for the natural sciences in that era. After 1980, deregulation and neoliberalism weakened programs for social welfare, yet links among the varying strands of life sciences continued to grow, bringing the development of genomics and its many implications, expanding epidemiology to include reliance on social sciences, and deepening ecological studies as the Anthropocene became more and more prevalent. In sum, the experience of the life sciences should make it clear to world historians that scientific advance goes beyond the achievements of brilliant but isolated researchers: those same advances rely substantially on social movements, migration, and the exchange of knowledge across intellectual and physical boundaries.
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McAuliffe, Donna. "Claiming and Expanding Social Work Knowledge in the International Space." Australian Social Work 74, no. 4 (September 8, 2021): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2021.1945731.
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Donnellan, Anne M. "Invented Knowledge and Autism: Highlighting Our Strengths and Expanding the Conversation." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 24, no. 3 (September 1999): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.24.3.230.
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Ceballos, Diana M., Robert F. Herrick, Tania Carreón, Vy T. Nguyen, MyDzung T. Chu, John P. Sadowski, Helaine Blumenthal, and Thais C. Morata. "Expanding Reach of Occupational Health Knowledge: Contributing Subject-Matter Expertise to Wikipedia as a Class Assignment." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211035735.
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and several university programs have collaborated on a large effort to expand and improve occupational safety and health content in Wikipedia using a platform developed by Wiki Education. This article describes the initiative, student contributions, and evaluations of this effort by instructors from two universities between 2016 and 2020. The Wiki Education platform allowed instructors to set timelines and track students’ progress throughout the semester while students accessed training to best expand health content in Wikipedia. Students chose topics in occupational health based on their interests and by a set of topics deemed as a priority by the “WikiProject Occupational Safety and Health.” Students’ contributions were peer-reviewed by instructors, NIOSH Wikipedians-in-Residence, and traditional Wikipedians. Students presented their projects in class at the end of the semester. Students from both schools expanded 55 articles, created 8 new articles, and translated 2 articles to Spanish, adding 1270 references; these articles were viewed over 8 million times by May 2020. Feedback received from the implementation suggested that students learned about science communication and digital literacy—providing valuable content on occupational health while reducing misinformation in the public domain. The process of identifying and addressing gaps in occupational health in Wikipedia requires participation and engagement toward improving access to information that otherwise would be restricted to the scientific literature, often behind a paywall. The Wikipedia assignment proved to be an engaging approach for instruction and information literacy. It helped students improve their science communication skills and digital literacy, tools that are likely to be critical for successful communication of science in their future careers.
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Winterbauer, Nancy L., Betty Bekemeier, Lisa VanRaemdonck, and Anna G. Hoover. "Applying Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership Principles to Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401667921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016679211.
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With real-world relevance and translatability as important goals, applied methodological approaches have arisen along the participatory continuum that value context and empower stakeholders to partner actively with academics throughout the research process. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) provides the gold standard for equitable, partnered research in traditional communities. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) also have developed, coalescing communities of practice and of academics to identify, study, and answer practice-relevant questions. To optimize PBRN potential for expanding scientific knowledge, while bridging divides across knowledge production, dissemination, and implementation, we elucidate how PBRN partnerships can be strengthened by applying CBPR principles to build and maintain research collaboratives that empower practice partners. Examining the applicability of CBPR partnership principles to public health (PH) PBRNs, we conclude that PH-PBRNs can serve as authentic, sustainable CBPR partnerships, ensuring the co-production of new knowledge, while also improving and expanding the implementation and impact of research findings in real-world settings.
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London, Sue, and Frances A. Brahmi. "Thomson Scientific's Expanding Web of KnowledgeSM." Medical Reference Services Quarterly 24, no. 4 (September 26, 2005): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j115v24n04_04.
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Maslak, Tanya, Kia Henry, Natasha Sadoff, David Maurice Jones, Joshua Glasser, and Amy Leibrand. "Mission Mosquito: building and expanding an international network for innovation in health communication." Journal of Science Communication 19, no. 03 (June 22, 2020): N01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.19030801.
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The Mission Mosquito Information Sharing Program (ISP), a collaboration between the U.S. Department of State and Battelle Memorial Institute, is a public diplomacy effort to build and expand an international network of health communicators to increase engagement on mosquito-borne disease. Nineteen professionals from countries experiencing mosquito-borne diseases engaged in a two-week multi-directional information exchange across the United States in May 2018. Program alumni applied knowledge and tools from the ISP in follow-on projects and public outreach campaigns in their home countries. This paper summarizes the ISP and lessons learned, and highlights a science communication case study examining skills and understanding gained.
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Malik, Jayraj, Vaishali Keluskar, and Sulem Ansari. "Expanding the Role of Oral Physician in Early Diagnosis of Commonly Occurring Systemic Diseases." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221222.
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Dentistry deals with the identification, mitigation, and prevention of diseases of teeth, gums, mouth, and jaw. Dentistry can have an effect on your overall health and for treating patients with chronic diseases and other conditions safely and effectively, dentists need to have a solid knowledge of basic clinical medicine. Dentists should possess the same level of knowledge as physicians in all other branches of medicine due to changes in life expectancy and lifestyles, as well as the rapid advancement of biomedical sciences and help in diagnosing systemic diseases based on oral findings. The present review throws a spotlight on these activities and also suggests some of the measures that can be adopted to modify dental education to turn dentists into oral physicians by early diagnosing of systemic diseases. Key words: Dentistry, disease, education, physician, primary care
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Paolucci, Rodolfo, and André Pereira Neto. "Methods for evaluating the quality of information on health websites: Systematic Review (2001-2014)." Latin American Journal of Development 3, no. 3 (May 14, 2021): 994–1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.46814/lajdv3n3-004.
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The Internet is a major source of health information, but the poor quality of the information has been criticized for decades. We looked at methods for assessing the quality of health information, updating the findings of the first systematic review from 2002. We searched 9 Health Sciences, Information Sciences, and multidisciplinary databases for studies. We identified 7,718 studies and included 299. Annual publications increased from 9 (2001) to 53 (2013), with 89% from developed countries. We identified 20 areas of knowledge. Six tools have been used worldwide, but 43% of the studies did not use any of them. The methodological framework of criteria from the first review has been the same. The authors were the evaluators in 80% of the studies. This field of evaluation is expanding. No instrument simultaneously covers the evaluation criteria. There is still a need for a methodology involving experts and users and evidence-based indicators of accuracy.
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BRADY, MAGGIE, SHARON DAWE, and ROBYN RICHMOND. "Expanding knowledge among Aboriginal service providers on treatment options for excessive alcohol use." Drug and Alcohol Review 17, no. 1 (March 1998): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239800187611.
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Griffin, Christine, Kathleen S. Oman, Sonja I. Ziniel, Shandra Kight, Sasha Jacobs-Lowry, and Pat Givens. "Increasing the capacity to provide compassionate care by expanding knowledge of caring science practices at a pediatric hospital." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 35, no. 1 (February 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.019.
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Chakraborty, Ashok, Smita Guha, and Prabir Patra. "Nanotechnology and Global Applications: Bench to Community." Journal of Biology and Life Science 11, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v11i2.17617.
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Advances in nanotechnology has become enormously promising in the field of health science, in developing many medical equipment. The possible effects of novel nanomedical technology significantly improve the diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of many diseases. Nanomaterials are being applied in operation, disease diagnosis as well as therapy, molecular imaging, implant technology, tissue engineering, as well as a device for efficient drug delivery, protein and gene release. In this review we discussed the utility of nanoscience in health issues, and the knowledge from there how can be disseminated to the educators and parents for expanding STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) programs.
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Ray, Moira K., Sherril B. Gelmon, Matthew DiVeronica, and Kimberly Lepin. "Faculty Development in Improvement Science: Building Capacity and Expanding Curricula Across an Academic Health Center." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00287.1.
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ABSTRACT Background The ability of health professions faculty to design, teach, evaluate, and improve relevant curricula is vital for teaching improvement science (IS) skills to trainees. Objective We launched a Foundational Improvement Science Curriculum (FISC) to build faculty competence in IS teaching and scholarship, and to develop, expand, and standardize IS curricula across one institution. Methods FISC consisted of 9 full or half-day sessions over 10 months in 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 academic years. Each session required pre-work, including readings, Institute for Healthcare Improvement Open School modules, and personal improvement projects. Sessions included brief didactics, group activities, planning, and feedback on curriculum development. An evaluation strategy was employed, including pre- and post-program self-assessment, competency mapping, evaluations of didactics and overall program, and participant satisfaction. Results Forty individuals from 23 academic programs voluntarily completed FISC, representing 20% of graduate medical education (GME) programs and 50% of primary GME programs in addition to undergraduate medical education (UME) and nursing programs. Median self-assessed competency scores (mid versus final score; scale 1–9, 9 high; P < .05 for all comparisons) improved over the course for all competencies for knowledge (3 versus 7), application (2 versus 7), curriculum design (2 versus 7), and scholarship (2 versus 5). Eighteen new or revised IS curricula were developed across GME, UME, and nursing programs. Conclusions FISC offers a feasible model to enhance and support faculty development in IS and IS curriculum design.
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Lahham, Aroub, and Anne E. Holland. "The Need for Expanding Pulmonary Rehabilitation Services." Life 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11111236.
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Pulmonary rehabilitation is a strongly recommended and effective treatment for people with chronic lung disease. However, access to pulmonary rehabilitation is poor. Globally, pulmonary rehabilitation is accessed by less than 3% of people with chronic lung disease. Barriers to referral, uptake and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation are well documented and linked with organizational, practitioner and patient-related factors. Enhancing the knowledge of health care professionals, family carers, and people with chronic lung disease about the program and its benefits produces modest increases in referral and uptake rates, but evidence of the sustainability of such approaches is limited. Additionally, initiatives focusing on addressing organizational barriers to access, such as expanding services and implementing alternative models to the conventional center-based setting, are not yet widely used in clinical practice. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for health care systems to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation programs remotely, safely, and efficiently. This paper will discuss the pressing need to address the issue of the low accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation. It will also highlight the distinctive challenges to pulmonary rehabilitation delivery in rural and remote regions, as well as low-income countries.
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Jose, P. "Nursing education in future perspective." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i1.10492.
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Trends in health care suggest changes in nursing practice and implications for nursing education. Changing demographics, emphasis on health promotion, health care costs, movement toward community-based care, and expanding technology are factors that shape the health care system of the future and educational preparation of nurses. Faculties are faced with preparing students for future practice that will be more complex and specialized than it is now; will be provided in multiple settings; and will require extensive knowledge, critical thinking and other cognitive skills, technologic and psychomotor skills, and a value system for making ethical decisions. Outcomes of nursing education program include learning to learn, handling ambiguity, thinking like a professional, and accepting responsibility for decisions made in practice. For nursing to assume a central role in the health care system of tomorrow, reform in nursing education is needed today. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i1.10492 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(1): 41-44
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Egger, Garry. "Defining a Structure and Methodology for the Practice of Lifestyle Medicine." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 12, no. 5 (September 20, 2016): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827616669327.
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Lifestyle medicine (LM) is a relatively new branch of clinical practice (like travel medicine, sports medicine, etc), but to date with little accepted structure or methodology. The current review extends a previous attempt to define the determinants of chronic disease by expanding this to include (1) the knowledge base (the science) or epidemiology of chronic disease, (2) the skills (the art) or practice of LM, (3) the tools (the materials) that can add to LM diagnoses and prescription, and (4) the procedures (the actions) that help update conventional medicine to include practices required for a new era of lifestyle and environmentally related chronic disease.
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Becker, Genevieve Ellen, Jennifer Cashin, Tuan T. Nguyen, and Paul Zambrano. "Expanding Integrated Competency-Focused Health Worker Curricula for Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutrition." Education Sciences 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080518.
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Maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) is important for health, survival, productivity, and development. Knowledgeable, skilled health workers are vital to provide quality care, improve health outcomes, and meet global nutrition targets. When nutrition is not adequately addressed in pre-service curricula, health workers may not be equipped with the knowledge, skills and confidence required to deliver nutrition services and accurate information free of commercial influence. Curriculum review, revision, and competency structuring provides an opportunity to benchmark course topics and content to global standards, to increase focus on learner outcomes, and to facilitate mutual recognition of qualifications across countries and regions. This paper discusses a multistage process to map an existing curriculum, analyse expected competencies, and recognize broader factors when developing a competency-focused curriculum in pre-service education that includes MIYCN. Examples of tools are provided which can be used for review and discussion of curricula and competency at local and national level and to integrate skills such as communication and counselling.
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Solberg, Rigmor, Ngoc Nguyen Lunde, Karl Martin Forbord, Meshail Okla, Moustapha Kassem, and Abbas Jafari. "The Mammalian Cysteine Protease Legumain in Health and Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 15983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415983.
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The cysteine protease legumain (also known as asparaginyl endopeptidase or δ-secretase) is the only known mammalian asparaginyl endopeptidase and is primarily localized to the endolysosomal system, although it is also found extracellularly as a secreted protein. Legumain is involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes and tissue homeostasis, and in the pathogenesis of various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. In addition to its proteolytic activity that leads to the degradation or activation of different substrates, legumain has also been shown to have a nonproteolytic ligase function. This review summarizes the current knowledge about legumain functions in health and disease, including kidney homeostasis, hematopoietic homeostasis, bone remodeling, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, fibrosis, aging and senescence, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In addition, this review addresses the effects of some marketed drugs on legumain. Expanding our knowledge on legumain will delineate the importance of this enzyme in regulating physiological processes and disease conditions.
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Lapum, Jennifer L., Linda Liu, Kathryn Church, Sarah Hume, Bailey Harding, Siyuan Wang, Megan Nguyen, Gideon Cohen, and Terrence M. Yau. "Knowledge Translation Capacity of Arts-informed Dissemination: A Narrative Study." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 1, no. 1 (July 16, 2016): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/r2bc7h.
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Background: Arts-informed dissemination is an expanding approach to enhancing knowledge translation in the health sciences. Problematic is the minimal evaluation studies and the rare reporting of the influencing factors of knowledge translation. “The 7,024th Patient” is a research-derived art installation created to disseminate findings about patients’ experiences of heart surgery and the importance of humanistic patient-centred care approaches. The current study’s purpose was to explore how arts-informed dissemination (i.e., “The 7,024th Patient”) influenced healthcare practitioners’ delivery of care.Methods: An arts-informed narrative study was guided by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework. The sample included a multi-disciplinary group of 19 individuals who worked with patients undergoing and recovering from heart surgery. Two interviews were conducted with each participant at the time of viewing the installation and 6 months later. A narrative analysis was conducted using Pictorial Narrative Mapping techniques.Results: Study findings indicated that the arts as a form of evidence provide an experiential and aesthetic encounter, which stimulated reflective practice. Participants’ accounts reflected cognitive and behavioral modifications related to empathy, holistic approaches and relational care. However, the complexities associated with the interpretive process and the influencing knowledge translation elements indicated a need to dialogue about the translation process, including deconstructing the evidence within the context of one’s own practice.Conclusions: Art is not just works of beauty or eccentric paintings. There is an imaginative and aesthetic capacity that can be cultivated with diligence, creativity, and rigour in the world of healthcare research and knowledge translation. Next steps require the examination of the knowledge translation capacity of different art forms with a range of populations and disciplines. Additionally, this study suggests the need to explore arts-informed dissemination that draws upon a more dialogical intervention in which knowledge users are involved in the interpretive processes of knowledge translation.
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Drisko, James W. "Qualitative research synthesis: An appreciative and critical introduction." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 4 (May 8, 2019): 736–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325019848808.
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This paper introduces models and techniques for synthesizing multiple qualitative studies on a topic. Qualitative research synthesis is a diverse set of methods for combining the data or the results of multiple studies on a topic to generate new knowledge, theory and applications. Use of qualitative research synthesis is rapidly expanding across disciplines. Aggregative and interpretive models of qualitative research synthesis are defined and distinguished. Several interpretive models are detailed. Their strengths are identified, and their limitations and areas of methodological ambiguity are critically examined. The steps of qualitative research synthesis are discussed and challenges specific to doing qualitative synthesis are identified and explored.
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Wu, Runguo, Niying Li, and Angelo Ercia. "The Effects of Private Health Insurance on Universal Health Coverage Objectives in China: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062049.
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Background: We conducted a systematic review on the role of private health insurance to complement the social health insurance system towards achieving universal health coverage in China. This review presents the impacts of private health insurance on expanding coverage, increasing access to healthcare, and financial protection. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and March 2018 in Web of Science, PubMed, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database. The search terms included coverage prevalence, access and financial protection related to private health insurance in China. A total of 31 studies were selected. Results: Coverage prevalence of private health insurance gradually increased but it was unequally distributed across regions and populations. The expansion of social health insurance has enhanced the total aggregate premium of private health insurance but has had a mixed impact on the take-up of private health insurance. Private insurance beneficiaries were found to limit their utilisation of healthcare services and there was no evidence that it ensured financial protection. Conclusion: The role of private health insurance (PHI) in extending universal health coverage in China was limited and therefore should not be overstated.
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Villaseñor, Ferdinand II Bangiban, and Wilfred D. Bidad. "Disgusting for being HIV infected: Case study on HIV knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, and attitudes among MSM overseas Filipino workers in UAE." Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30935/mjosbr/12661.
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HIV has been prevailing in many societies as a health threat and numerous men are affected of this global health crisis. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and sexual risk behaviors of overseas Filipino workers (OFW) men having sex with men (MSM) about HIV. Through a qualitative using case study research design, in-depth key informant interviews (KIIs) were done to secure primary data collection and better understand the informants’ experiences and perceptions about HIV. The informants of the study involved 10 OFWs who worked in Dubai, UAE. Based on thematic data analysis, findings highlighted that the informants were knowledgeable of HIV transmission, symptoms, and prevention and treatment. They avoid drug use and practice safe sex especially through condom use to avoid HIV infection. However, they admitted to sexual risk behaviors. Consequently, the MSM pointed out the stigma, insecurity, and hopelessness of people dealing and living with HIV disease and enjoin people to give them fair treatment and acceptance in society. This study recommends expanding HIV awareness campaign programs to lessen the HIV disease and discrimination against people with HIV through promoting in social media and other relevant platforms and health support services.
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Kessler, Christine. "Genomics and Precision Medicine: Implications for Critical Care." AACN Advanced Critical Care 29, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2018521.
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A new paradigm for disease diagnosis and treatment is emerging that will bring about changes in health care delivery in and out of the hospital setting. Over the past several decades, genomic medicine has been one of the fastest growing fields in acute and chronic health care. This quick growth has created a lag in genomics knowledge and preparation among nurses and health care providers. Genomic medicine may lead to more precise evaluation, diagnosis, and management of selected acute care conditions. This article reviews the current state of genetic and genomics science and looks at the expanding field of genomic medicine’s integration into precision medicine. The aim of this article is to raise awareness and spark further inquiry to the remarkable field of genomics and precision medicine.
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Najafi, Ali, Neda Emami, and Taha Samad-Soltani. "Integration of Genomics Data and Electronic Health Records Toward Personalized Medicine: A Targeted Review." Frontiers in Health Informatics 10, no. 1 (August 22, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v10i1.299.
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Introduction: Integration of rapidly expanding high-throughput omics technologies and electronic health record (EHR) has created an unprecedented advantage in terms of acquiring routine healthcare data to accelerate genetic discovery. In this regard, EHR can also provide several important advantages to omics research if the integration challenges are well handled. The main purpose of the present study was to review available and published knowledge in the related literature and then to classify and discuss stakeholders’ requirements in this domain.Material and Methods: At first, a broad electronic search of all available literature in English was conducted on the topic through a search in the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Scopus, and Cochrane. Then, stakeholders’ requirements were tabulated, and finally, a word cloud was generated and analyzed to achieve functional and non-functional cases.Results: A total of 81 articles were included in the given analysis. Integration requirements also consisted of nine functional cases including a uniform approach to the interpretation of genetic tests, standardized terminologies and ontologies, structured data entry as much as possible, an integrated online patient portal, multiple data source handling, machine-readable storing and reporting, research-oriented requirements, pharmacogenomics decision support capabilities, and phenotyping algorithms and knowledge base. Besides, there were three non-functional cases comprised of interoperability of multiple systems, ethical, legal, security factor, and big data computations.Conclusion: The main challenges in this way could also have semantic and technical themes. Therefore, system developers could guarantee the success of systems by overcoming the given challenges.
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Carter, Brigit Maria, and Anne L. Derouin. "Strategies to Address Individual Level Social Determinants of Health Designed to Cultivate the Next Generation of Minority Nurse Leaders Committed to Health Equity." Creative Nursing 22, no. 1 (2016): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.22.1.11.
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In response to the need for increased racial and ethnic diversity in the nursing profession, the Duke University School of Nursing (DUSON) established the Academy for Academic and Social Enrichment for Leadership Development in Health Equity (Health Equity Academy). The aim of the Health Equity Academy is to improve the diversity of the nursing workforce by expanding nursing education opportunities for underrepresented minority (URM) students who are economically disadvantaged to prepare for, enroll in, and graduate from the DUSON’s Accelerated Bachelors of Science in Nursing program. The goal of this program is to cultivate URM nursing graduates with advanced knowledge and leadership skills who can address health disparities and positively influence health care issues currently plaguing underrepresented populations. The article discusses the Health Equity Academy framework, which consists of two unique components: the Pre-entry Immersion in Nursing and the Pathway to Success in Nursing (PSN). These two components are designed to address the nursing student individual level social determinants which could be potential barriers to success as well as provide support in their academic and professional development goals.
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Caplan, Mary A., and Gregory Purser. "Qualitative inquiry using social media: A field-tested example." Qualitative Social Work 18, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325017725802.
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Social media is a rapidly expanding set of technology tools that people use to communicate, learn, interact, document, create, and participate in societies worldwide. It is also transforming how social work, among other professions, conducts qualitative research. This study outlines a field-tested method used to analyze data from Reddit, a major social media platform used by 6% of online adults in the United States. It provides a step-by-step account of a Reddit-based qualitative thematic analysis from a social work heuristic lens on the subject of poverty. To our knowledge, no such account of mining social media big data from Reddit for social work practice exists in the literature. Philosophical, ethical, and practical considerations of this method are discussed.
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Watson, Ronald R. "Caffeine: Is it Dangerous to Health?" American Journal of Health Promotion 2, no. 4 (March 1988): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-2.4.13.
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Caffeine is a drug that is a common ingredient of popular foods, beverages, and over-the-counter as well as prescription medications. While at least 30% of Americans consume a moderate amount (200 mg. a day, about two cups of coffee), many others function with a much higher intake, 600 mg. or more (six or more cups of coffee). Researchers are discovering that caffeine may not be as safe as many people believe, since the substance has widespread effects on many body systems. It has also been linked to a variety of ailments, among them anxiety and hypertension, although information linking caffeine to cancer and birth defects is still speculative. In light of the expanding body of knowledge on the deleterious effects of caffeine, individuals should moderate or eliminate their intake of major caffeine-containing foods, beverages, and drugs. Health promotion programs can assist in this goal by providing education and support.
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Le, Nga, Wim Groot, Sonila M. Tomini, and Florian Tomini. "Effects of health insurance on labour supply: a systematic review." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 717–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-02-2018-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of empirical evidence on the labour market effects of health insurance from the supply side. Design/methodology/approach The study covers the largest peer-reviewed and working paper databases for labour economics and health studies. These include Web of Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed and the most popular economics working paper sources such as NBER, ECONSTOR, IDEAS, IZA, SSRN, World Bank Working Paper Series. The authors follow the PRISMA 2009 protocol for systematic reviews. Findings The collection includes 63 studies. The outcomes of interest are the number of hours worked, the probability of employment, self-employment and the level of economic formalisation. The authors find that the current literature is vastly concentrated on the USA. Spousal coverage in the USA is associated with reduced labour supply of secondary earners. The effect of Medicaid in the USA on the labour supply of its recipients is ambiguous. The employment-coverage link is an important determinant of the labour supply of people with health problems and self-employment decisions. Universal coverage may create either an incentive or a disincentive to work depending on the design of the system. Finally, evidence on the relationship between health insurance and the level of economic formalisation in developing countries is fragmented and limited. Practical implications This study reviews the existing literature on the labour market effects of health insurance from the supply side. The authors find a large knowledge gap in emerging economies where health coverage is expanding. The authors also highlight important literature gaps that need to be filled in different themes of the topic. Originality/value This is the first systematic review on the topic which is becoming increasingly relevant for policy makers in developing countries where health coverage is expanding.
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Papadopoulos, Vassilios, Dana Goldman, Clay Wang, Michele Keller, and Steven Chen. "Looking Ahead to 2030: Survey of Evolving Needs in Pharmacy Education." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010059.
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In order to keep pharmacy education relevant to a rapidly-evolving future, this study sought to identify key insights from leaders from a broad array of pharmacy and non-pharmacy industries on the future of the pharmacy profession, pharmaceutical sciences, and pharmacy education. Thought leaders representing a variety of industries were surveyed regarding their perspectives on the future of pharmacy practice, pharmaceutical science disciplines, and pharmacy education in seven domains. From 46 completed surveys, top challenges/threats were barriers that limit clinical practice opportunities, excessive supply of pharmacists, and high drug costs. Major changes in the drug distribution system, automation/robotics, and new therapeutic approaches were identified as the top technological disrupters. Key drivers of pharmacy education included the primary care provider shortage, growing use of technology and data, and rising drug costs. The most significant sources of job growth outside of retail and hospital settings were managed care organizations, technology/biotech/pharmaceutical companies, and ambulatory care practices. Needs in the industry included clinical management of complex patients, leadership and management, pharmaceutical scientists, and implementation science. Knowledge gaps were pharmacists not recognizing their value on the health care team, preparation to embrace and lead change, and expertise in data science and analytics. Pharmacy schools will need to address several disruptive trends to future-proof their curricula, including expanding patient management skills, leadership and management training, technology, and data analytics.
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Sawyer, Ashlee N., Melissa A. Kwitowski, and Eric G. Benotsch. "Are You Covered? Associations Between Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Knowledge and Preventive Reproductive Service Use." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 4 (November 9, 2017): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117736091.
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Purpose: Sexual and reproductive health conditions (eg, infections, cancers) represent public health concerns for American women. The present study examined how knowledge of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) relates to receipt of preventive reproductive health services among women. Design: Cross-sectional online survey. Setting: Online questionnaires were completed via Amazon Mechanical Turk, a crowdsourcing website where individuals complete web-based tasks for compensation. Participants: Cisgendered women aged 18 to 44 years (N = 1083) from across the United States. Measures: Participants completed online questionnaires assessing demographics, insurance status, preventive service use, and knowledge of PPACA provisions. Analysis: Chi-squares showed that receipt of well-woman, pelvic, and breast examinations, as well as pap smears, was related to insurance coverage, with those not having coverage at all during the previous year having significantly lower rates of use. Hierarchical logistic regressions determined the independent relationship between PPACA knowledge and use of health services after controlling for demographic factors and insurance status. Results: Knowledge of PPACA provisions was associated with receiving well-woman, pelvic, and breast examinations, human papillomavirus vaccination, and sexually transmitted infections testing, after controlling for these factors. Results indicate that expanding knowledge about health-care legislation may be beneficial in increasing preventive reproductive health service use among women. Conclusion: Current findings provide support for increasing resources for outreach and education of the general population about the provisions and benefits of health-care legislation, as well as personal health coverage plans.
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Greene, R. Neil. "Marked as Homeless: Reconciling with Ambiguities about Housing Status in Death Records." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (January 2022): 237802312211211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221121174.
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Research on the process of classification has long revealed biases and limitations embedded within social data. Expanding or contracting definitions of homelessness and the perception of housing status as relevant information play a large part in data and knowledge about homelessness. The author explores how homelessness is conceptualized and documented (or not documented) within death records through the use of qualitative interviews with field investigators ( n = 20) who attend and document circumstances related to suspicious deaths in New Mexico. The findings reveal uncertainty in marking a person as homeless that is newly described as labeling ambivalence, which can be resolved more systematically through a process of increasing social mattering in which the social determinants of health are accentuated as factors related to premature mortality. The findings suggest important considerations for more systematically describing housing status and other indicators of the social determinants of health within social records.
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Harper, Kyle. "The Environmental Fall of the Roman Empire." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00380.
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Global environmental history is currently being enriched by troves of new data, and new models of environmental variability and human impact. Earth scientists are rapidly expanding historians’ knowledge of the paleoclimate through the recovery and analysis of climate proxies such as ice cores, tree rings, stalagmites, and marine and lake sediments. Further, archaeologists and anthropologists are using novel techniques and methods to study the history of health and disease, as revealed through examination of bones and paleomolecular evidence. These possibilities open the way for historians to participate in a conversation about the long history of environmental change and human response. This essay considers how one of the most classic of all historical questions–the fall of the Roman Empire–can receive an answer enriched by new knowledge about the role of environmental change.
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Moreira Santos, Micael, Jader Nunes Cachoeira, Antonio Carlos Batista, Eduardo Henrique Rezende, Maria Cristina Bueno Coelho, and Marcos Giongo. "Integrated fire management in the Brazilian Cerrado: advances and challenges." Tropical Forest Issues, no. 61 (November 10, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/vtqt5503.
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By including local knowledge, integrated fire management is sustaining an ancestral practice for reducing forest fires and conserving ecosystems. In private areas, however, it is necessary to develop programmes that include land owners, and to evaluate ways of expanding the proposed system. Reintroducing integrated fire management in the Cerrado has brought new tools and technologies that improve planning and implementation. Investment in research and development must be continuous, in order to advance technologically, and to train technicians, traditional communities and land owners. And it remains essential to reconcile new technologies and methodologies with traditional knowledge about fire management
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Malcolm, Roslyn. "Milk’s Flows: Making and Transmitting Kinship, Health, and Personhood." Medical Humanities 47, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2019-011829.
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Milk provides a way of thinking about how the body is enacted in science, policy and popular culture. This paper follows the currents of moral and biomedical epistemologies circulating around milk, including via notions of inheritance, the practices of wet nursing, and emerging scientific knowledge about the health-related benefits of breastfeeding. By situating milk’s flows historically and culturally it shows how constructions of milk production, lactation, and infant feeding have long served as a ‘cultural signal’ of prevailing conceptions of bodies and social identities. In so doing, it explores the simultaneous power of milk as both a source of dispositional and somatic health, and an index of customary forms of unity and division. A focus on breast milk further contributes to augmenting and expanding recent debates about the biology-society nexus in science and technology studies (STS), anthropology, and sociology. Seen within biomedicine today as a carrier of somatic signals about the environment, the article reflects on how milk is bound up in the responsibilisation of women’s bodies and the internalising of potential risks to the health of their offspring. This implies an unlimited agency for women in averting health risks and in future-proofing their children to be better than well, elides the socioeconomic, and environmental forces pragmatically limiting this assumed agency, and the distinct lack of material and inter-personal support for the perinatal period in many nations.
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Mufti, Aftab A. "Restoration and structural health monitoring of Manitoba's Golden Boy." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-073.
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Although bridges were among the first civil engineering structures to use structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies, research is now expanding to explore other types of applications, including Manitoba's famous Golden Boy statue. Global research is identifying the value of using SHM technologies for civil engineering applications. Structural health monitoring uses a variety of sensors to gather information about the behaviour of a structure. The information creates a valuable knowledge base that can be analyzed to help identify potential structural risks, develop safer and more efficient new structures, and determine more effective ways to rehabilitate existing structures. This paper briefly describes the history of the Manitoba Legislative Building and the Golden Boy and also the use of SHM technologies to help preserve the Golden Boy statue, an icon of provincial heritage.Key words: history, Golden Boy, statue, sculptors, architects, engineers, shaft, corrosion, sensors, monitoring.
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Quinones-Visot, Emily, Louanne Bakk, Katy Allen, Mary Milnamow, and Jason Dauenhauer. "EXPANDING WORLDS: ASSESSING STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENTING A VIRTUAL REALITY PROGRAM IN RESPITE CARE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3138.
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Abstract Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive experience that simulates real or imagined environments and provides an innovative solution to social isolation and loneliness. Implementation science was used to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing a novel VR intervention as part of a community-based participatory research project at Lifespan of Rochester within their Partners in Care (PIC) volunteer respite program. The VR intervention will be facilitated by PIC staff and volunteers with caregivers of community-dwelling persons living with dementia (PLwD) receiving respite services. A mixed-methods design was used to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation. Focus groups and self-administered surveys were completed by PIC staff (Nf10) to assess their thoughts and concerns related to program implementation. Surveys included validated measures to assess self-rated ability to perform VR functional components, attitudes toward VR, beliefs on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the VR program, effectiveness of improving comfort, confidence, and preparedness of facilitators. Identified barriers included lack of VR knowledge, skills, and confidence in capabilities; concerns related to safety, confusion, and triggers for PLwD; and the need to strengthen buy-in from staff. Implementation strategies were selected from the Expert Recommendations for Change project and tailored to support effective uptake and behavior change among PIC staff and volunteers. Identified evidence-based strategies included training and shadowing opportunities, identifying champions, and developing a trauma-informed approach manual. These findings illustrate the need to carefully examine organizational factors that can impede the implementation. The benefits of this approach and the lessons learned will be discussed.
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Shankar, Prabhu, and Nick Anderson. "Advances in Sharing Multi-sourced Health Data on Decision Support Science 2016-2017." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 27, no. 01 (August 2018): 016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641215.
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Introduction: Clinical decision support science is expanding to include integration from broader and more varied data sources, diverse platforms and delivery modalities, and is responding to emerging regulatory guidelines and increased interest from industry. Objective: Evaluate key advances and challenges of accessing, sharing, and managing data from multiple sources for development and implementation of Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems in 2016-2017. Methods: Assessment of literature and scientific conference proceedings, current and pending policy development, and review of commercial applications nationally and internationally. Results: CDS research is approaching multiple landmark points driven by commercialization interests, emerging regulatory policy, and increased public awareness. However, the availability of patient-related “Big Data” sources from genomics and mobile health, expanded privacy considerations, applications of service-based computational techniques and tools, the emergence of “app” ecosystems, and evolving patient-centric approaches reflect the distributed, complex, and uneven maturity of the CDS landscape. Nonetheless, the field of CDS is yet to mature. The lack of standards and CDS-specific policies from regulatory bodies that address the privacy and safety concerns of data and knowledge sharing to support CDS development may continue to slow down the broad CDS adoption within and across institutions. Conclusion: Partnerships with Electronic Health Record and commercial CDS vendors, policy makers, standards development agencies, clinicians, and patients are needed to see CDS deployed in the evolving learning health system.
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Aggarwal, Shruti, M. Suchithra, N. Chandramouli, Macha Sarada, Amit Verma, D. Vetrithangam, Bhaskar Pant, and Biruk Ambachew Adugna. "Rice Disease Detection Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques to Improvise Agro-Business." Scientific Programming 2022 (June 24, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1757888.
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Agro-business is highly dependent on rice quality and its protection from diseases. There are several prerequisites for the procedures and the strategies that are productive and efficient for expanding the harvest yield. The advancement in computer science has supported various domains; agricultural innovation is one of them. The apparatuses which utilize the strategies of advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning have been featured in this paper. These techniques attain abnormally productive outcomes for the recognition of infections engrossing the images of leaves, fields of harvest, or seeds. In this context, this work presents a survey that focuses on accuracy agribusiness for expanding the conception of rice, which is one of the main harvests on the planet. In this paper, the overview and examination of various papers distributed in the most recent eight years with various methodologies identified with crop diseases identification, the health of seedlings, and quality of grain have been introduced. Experiments are performed for knowledge extraction using Web of Science and Scopus databases to analyze research trends in the domain of rice disease identification using artificial intelligence using global analysis, year-wise and country-wise citations, and so on to support various researchers working in this domain.
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Birtalan, Ilona Liliána, Ágnes Neulinger, György Bárdos, Adrien Rigó, József Rácz, and Szilvia Boros. "Local food communities: exploring health-related adaptivity and self-management practices." British Food Journal 123, no. 8 (May 27, 2021): 2728–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2020-1176.
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PurposeWhile many characteristics of food consumption have been examined, little attention has been given to the health potential of consuming from local food communities. Local food communities, including community supported agriculture (CSA) are food initiatives, which try to respond to the healthy food, environmental or socioeconomic challenges of the food system. As a step toward understanding local food communities, this study sets out to examine the health-related adaptivity and self-management practices of CSA participation.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research approach, which included semi-structured interviews (n = 35), was designed to discover the potential for being healthy: the ability to adapt and to self-manage among CSA participants. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe results suggest that local food communities can influence health-related adaptivity and self-management in the following themes: awareness of product origins; enhanced food-management capability; expanding applicability and usability of the food environment; and strengthening one's food-related self-image.Practical implicationsIncreasing the presence of local food communities might be part of developing strategies to evaluate the health effects of the local food environment and to encourage consumers to take responsibility for their own health.Originality/valueThis study extends the food consumption literature to include new knowledge about how local food communities facilitate individual efforts to enhance their own potential for health as well as improving understanding of the mechanisms that underpin a healthy diet.
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Hesse, Bradford William. "Role of the Internet in Solving the Last Mile Problem in Medicine." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 10 (October 28, 2019): e16385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16385.
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Internet-augmented medicine has a strong role to play in ensuring that all populations benefit equally from discoveries in the medical sciences. Yet, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected from 1999 to 2014 suggested that during the first phase of internet diffusion, progress against mortality has stalled, and in some cases, receded in rural areas that are traditionally underserved by medical and broadband resources. This problem of failing to extend the benefits of extant medical knowledge equitably to all populations regardless of geography can be framed as the “last mile problem in health care.” In theory, the internet should help solve the last mile problem by making the best knowledge in the world available to everyone worldwide at a low cost and no delay. In practice, the antiquated supply chains of industrial age medicine have been slow to yield to the accelerative forces of evolving internet capacity. This failure is exacerbated by the expanding digital divide, preventing residents of isolated, geographically distant communities from taking full advantage of the digital health revolution. The result, according to the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC’s) Connect2Health Task Force, is the unanticipated emergence of “double burden counties,” ie, counties for which the mortality burden is high while broadband access is low. The good news is that a convergence of trends in internet-enabled health care is putting medicine within striking distance of solving the last mile problem both in the United States and globally. Specific trends to monitor over the next 25 years include (1) using community-driven approaches to bridge the digital divide, (2) addressing structural disconnects in care through P4 Medicine, (3) meeting patients at “point-of-need,” (4) ensuring that no one is left behind through population management, and (5) self-correcting cybernetically through the learning health care system.
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Masten, Ann S., Cara M. Lucke, Kayla M. Nelson, and Isabella C. Stallworthy. "Resilience in Development and Psychopathology: Multisystem Perspectives." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 521–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307.
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Resilience science in psychology and related fields emerged from clinical research on risk for psychopathology in the 1970s and matured over the ensuing decades with advances in theory, methods, and knowledge. Definitions and models of resilience shifted to reflect the expanding influence of developmental systems theory and the growing need to integrate knowledge about resilience across levels and disciplines to address multisystem threats. Resilience is defined for scalability and integrative purposes as the capacity of a dynamic system to adapt successfully through multisystem processes to challenges that threaten system function, survival, or development. Striking alignment of resilience factors observed in human systems, ranging from individuals to communities, suggests the possibility of networked, multisystem protective factors that work in concert. Evidence suggests that there may be resilience factors that provide transdiagnostic protection against the effects of adverse childhood experiences on risk for psychopathology. Multisystem studies of resilience offer promising directions for future research and its applications to promote mental health and positive development in children and youth at risk for psychopathology.
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Chittoor, Renu Indhikkattu, and Harikumaran Thampi Balakrishnan Saraswath. "A Review of Naturally Occuring Food Allergens and Their Impact on Health." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2965.
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Allergic reactions to foods influence a remarkable amount of population and are related with significant wellbeing results. It is one of the most significant issues that have expanding consideration. Current comprehension of the turn of events and utilization of allergenic capability of certain types of food proteins is restricted. In spite of the fact that there is a selection of in vivo models for assessing hypersensitivity, none of the current models has been approved, is prescient, or generally acknowledged with respect to their allergen explicit inhibitors. Hence, there is a proceeded with enthusiasm on the knowledge recovery based on food allergy so as to give more enlightening way to the current research field. In this paper, the current status of purification, characterization, and types of food allergens and their impacts is thoroughly reviewed. The present available methods for the allergen assessment (in view of animal, cell and clinical methodologies) are emphasized.
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Caristia, Filigheddu, Barone-Adesi, Sarro, Testa, Magnani, Aimaretti, Faggiano, and Marzullo. "Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2019): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102384.
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Background: The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic diseases is known. The identification of vitamin D as a biomarker of physiological/pathological ageing could contribute to expanding current knowledge of its involvement in healthy ageing. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on cohorts studying the role of 25OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations as biomarkers of healthy ageing. We consulted MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to search for studies on the association between vitamin D status in populations of originally healthy adults, and outcomes of longevity, illness, and physical and cognitive functionality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results: Twenty cohorts from 24 articles were selected for this review. Inverse associations were found between low 25(OH)D levels and all-cause mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular events, as well as markers relating to hip and non-vertebral fractures. Associations between 1,25(OH)2D and healthy ageing outcomes gave similar results, although of lower clinical significance. Conclusions: This systematic review pinpoints peculiar aspects of vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.
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Enria, Luisa, Joseph S. Bangura, Hassan M. Kanu, Joseph A. Kalokoh, Alie D. Timbo, Mohamed Kamara, Maligie Fofanah, et al. "Bringing the social into vaccination research: Community-led ethnography and trust-building in immunization programs in Sierra Leone." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 22, 2021): e0258252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258252.
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Background Vaccine hesitancy is a complex, contested social phenomenon and existing research highlights the multifaceted role of trust in strengthening vaccine confidence. However, understanding public engagement with vaccination through the lens of (mis)trust requires more contextual evidence on trust’s qualitative determinants. This includes expanding the geographic focus beyond current studies’ focus on High Income Countries. Furthermore, obstacles remain in effectively integrating social science findings in the design of vaccine deployment strategies, and in ensuring that those who implement interventions and are affected by them are directly involved in producing knowledge about vaccination challenges. Methods We piloted a community-led ethnographic approach, training Community Health Workers (CHWs) in Kambia District, Sierra Leone, in qualitative social science methods. Methods included participant observation, participatory power mapping and rumour tracking, focus group discussions and key stakeholder interviews. CHWs, with the support of public health officials and professional social scientists, conducted research on vaccination challenges, analysed data, tested new community engagement strategies based on their findings and elicited local perspectives on these approaches. Results Our findings on vaccine confidence in five border communities highlighted three key themes: the impact of prior experiences with the health system on (mis)trust; relevance of livelihood strategies and power dynamics for vaccine uptake and access; and the contextual nature of knowledge around vaccines. Across these themes, we show how expressions of trust centered on social proximity, reliability and respect and the role of structural issues affecting both vaccine access and confidence. The pilot also highlighted the value and practical challenges to meaningfully co-designed research. Conclusion There is scope for broader application of a community-led ethnographic approach will help redesign programming that is responsive to local knowledge and experience. Involving communities and low-cadre service providers in generating knowledge and solutions can strengthen relationships and sustain dialogue to bolster vaccine confidence.
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Yu, Tianlong, Hao Yang, Xiaowei Luo, Yifeng Jiang, Xiang Wu, and Jingqi Gao. "Scientometric Analysis of Disaster Risk Perception: 2000–2020." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 13003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413003.
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This paper used 1526 works from the literature on disaster risk perception from 2000 to 2020 in the Web of Science core collection database as the research subject. The CiteSpace knowledge graph analysis tool was used to visual analyze the country, author, institution, discipline distribution, keywords, and keyword clustering mapping. The paper drew the following conclusions. Firstly, disaster risk perception research has experienced three stages of steady development, undulating growth, and rapid growth. Secondly, the field of disaster risk perception was mainly concentrated in the disciplines of engineering, natural science, and management science. Thirdly, meteorological disasters, earthquakes, nuclear radiation, and epidemics were the main disasters in the field of disaster risk perception. Residents and adolescents were the main subjects of research in the field of disaster risk perception. Fourthly, research on human risk behavior and risk psychology and research on disaster risk control and emergency management were two major research hotspots in the field of disaster risk perception. Finally, the research field of disaster risk perception is constantly expanding. There is a trend from theory to application and multi-perspective combination, and future research on disaster risk perception will be presented more systematically. The conclusion can provide a reference for disaster risk perception research, as well as directions for future research.
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Assmuth, Timo, Xianwen Chen, Christopher Degeling, Tari Haahtela, Katherine N. Irvine, Hans Keune, Richard Kock, Salla Rantala, Simon Rüegg, and Suvi Vikström. "Integrative concepts and practices of health in transdisciplinary social ecology." Socio-Ecological Practice Research 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42532-019-00038-y.
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AbstractIncreasing recognition of interdependencies of the health of humans, other organisms and ecosystems, and of their importance to socio-ecological systems, necessitates application of integrative concepts such as One Health and EcoHealth. These concepts open new perspectives for research and practice but also generate confusion and divergent opinion, prompting new theories, and call for empirical clarification and evaluation. Through a semi-systematic evaluation of knowledge generation in scientific publications (comprised of literature reviews, conceptual models and analyses of communities of practice), we show how integrative concepts and approaches to health evolve and are adopted. Our findings indicate that while their contexts, goals and rationales vary, integrative concepts of health essentially arise from shared interests in living systems. Despite recent increased attention to ecological and societal aspects of health including broader sustainability issues, the focus remains anthropocentric and oriented towards biomedicine. Practices reflect and in turn transform these concepts, which together with practices also influence ways of integration. Overarching narratives vary between optimism and pessimism towards integrated health and knowledge. We conclude that there is an urgent need for better, coherent and more deeply integrative health concepts, approaches and practices to foster the well-being of humans, other animals and ecosystems. Consideration of these concepts and practices has methodological and political importance, as it will transform thinking and action on both society and nature and specifically can enrich science and practice, expanding their scope and linking them better. Transdisciplinary efforts are crucial to developing such concepts and practices to properly address the multiple facets of health and to achieve their appropriate integration for the socio-ecological systems at stake. We propose the term “transdisciplinary health” to denote the new approaches needed.
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Braga, Jacqueline Ramos Machado, Relrison Dias Ramalho, José Cleidvan Cândido de Sousa, and Ivan Luiz De Almeida. "Scorpions from Ceará State, Brazil: Distribution and ecological comments." Revista Peruana de Biología 29, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): e21205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i1.21205.
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Scorpions are venomous synanthropic arachnids, in 2019 they were responsible for more than 37000 cases of envenomation in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. To update the knowledge about the scorpiofauna in Ceará, a distribution list of scorpions collected/received by municipal agents of the Health Surveillance Service was performed in 165 municipalities (89%) of Ceará (2018 – 2019) and deposited in the Dr. Thomaz Corrêa Aragão Entomology Laboratory scientific collection, including species distribution maps and ecological data. This study included a total of 999 scorpions from two families (Buthidae and Bothriuridae) and eleven species. The most abundant species were: Tityus stigmurus (40.1%), Jaguajir rochae (37.2%), Bothriurus asper (8.3%) and Bothriurus rochai (6.7%), mainly inhabiting municipalities in the Caatinga biome. The first record of Tityus confluens and Tityus maranhensis in the Sobral mesoregion is herein presented, expanding the distribution of these species in Brazil.
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de la Hoz, Marina Casanoves, Anna Solé-Llussà, Juan Haro, Niklas Gericke, and Cristina Valls. "Student Primary Teachers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Biotechnology—Are They Prepared to Teach Biotechnological Literacy?" Journal of Science Education and Technology 31, no. 2 (November 12, 2021): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10956-021-09942-z.
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AbstractThe speed of development of biotechnology within agriculture, industry, and medicine has changed our lives, and we need a biotechnological literacy to understand it. This implies that teachers in primary schools need to be biotechnologically literate in order to educate future generations. The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish pre-service primary school teachers’ knowledge of and attitudes towards biotechnology and contextualize the results by comparing them with a corresponding group of Spanish teachers. Data was collected using the established questionnaire instrument Biotech XXI and analyzed statistically. The findings demonstrate that Swedish pre-service primary school teachers have knowledge gaps relating to the basic genetic concepts that underpin biotechnology, although they are aware of biotechnological applications. Their attitudes are quite positive towards biotechnological applications in health, but less so to buying and using genetically modified products. Higher levels of knowledge were correlated with more positive attitudes, indicating an attitudinal basis for expanding the knowledge of and teaching practices for biotechnology among primary teachers. The level of knowledge and attitudes in the Swedish sample were similar to those of the Spanish teachers, suggesting a similar situation may be prevalent in many countries. The results indicate a need to reconsider the science curricula within pre-service primary school teacher training programs in order to better prepare primary teachers for teaching biotechnological literacy.
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Barrie, James R., and Oscar Wambuguh. "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on Oral Health in Low-Income Individuals." Research in Health Science 7, no. 4 (November 11, 2022): p85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n4p85.
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Most low-income families struggle with financial stability making it difficult to access the health care they need. This challenge is especially prevalent for individuals trying to seek dental care services. Low-income households with limited health insurance coverage often perceive dental care as a luxury. However, good oral health signifies good overall health and can prevent future health problems. One of the primary goals of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to increase dental care access for low-income individuals. The ACA was designed to expand dental coverage to be more comprehensive and decrease individuals’ financial burdens. The current study uses research and scholarly review articles from the past seven years to understand whether expanding dental care coverage through the ACA leads to better oral health for low-income individuals. The study shows that because of the ACA, there is a strong correlation between low-income individuals seeking dental care and improving their oral health. Extending dental coverage by the ACA significantly decreases the financial barrier for individuals and allows them to consult with a dentist more often. In addition, routine dental visits provide patients with proper oral health knowledge. The implementation of the ACA is also decreasing the number of emergency dental visits since individuals can access dental check-ups and prevent those visits. Further research is needed to understand how enrollees are utilizing all the benefits the Act provides for. Ensuring the ACA remains in place will allow future generations access to dental care, have better oral health, and reduce the strain on emergency dental departments.