Journal articles on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences'
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Essl, Franz, Stefan Dullinger, Piero Genovesi, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kühn, et al. "A Conceptual Framework for Range-Expanding Species that Track Human-Induced Environmental Change." BioScience 69, no. 11 (September 25, 2019): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz101.
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Abstract For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is important to distinguish the range dynamics of such species from those that occur without, or with less clear, involvement of human-induced environmental changes. We elucidate the salient features of the rapid increase in the number of species whose range dynamics are human induced, and review the relationships and differences to both natural range expansion and biological invasions. We discuss the consequences for science, policy and management in an era of rapid global change and highlight four key challenges relating to basic gaps in knowledge, and the transfer of scientific understanding to biodiversity management and policy. We conclude that range-expanding species responding to human-induced environmental change will become an essential feature for biodiversity management and science in the Anthropocene. Finally, we propose the term neonative for these taxa.
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Liseev, Igor K. "Ecology as a Way to Combine Knowledge about the Natural and Social in Human Being." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 4 (2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057466.
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The article considers the process of expanding the subject and methods of research in modern environmental science. It is shown how, following the traditional biological science of ecology, new directions of ecological knowledge arise under the influence of research activities: social ecology, anthropoecology. Knowledge about a human being is achieved through the use of both natural and human sciences. A great step in expanding the subject of modern ecology was the intensive formation of human ecology in recent years, in which the need for the formation of a unity of natural science and socio-humanitarian research methods was reflected most clearly. In contrast to biological ecology, in which the main focus of research was the principles of natural science research, in social ecology, socio-humanitarian issues become dominant, and in human ecology-the synthesis of natural science and socio-humanitarian approaches. It's time to abandon the progressive illusions of the past and move on to the awareness of the specifics of sustainable civilizational development at the present stage. This sustainable development presupposes the co-evolution of society and nature, such a co-development of society and nature, in which both components of this single system do not oppose each other, do not conflict, but organically presuppose each other in their combined, harmonious development. Thus, now acting as a unified science that studies the interaction of the central coreof the system and its environment, ecology sets new guidelines for understanding the organization of scientific knowledge, the mood of the modern world picture is falling. A promising way for ecology is to grow into a modern universal organizational science. But this is a distant prospect. However, even now, such a renewed ecology can provide much for Russia’s search for its modern civilizational path, clarifying the organization of scientific knowledge, specifying the contours of the modern scientific picture of the world.
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Harper, Kyle. "The Environmental Fall of the Roman Empire." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00380.
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Global environmental history is currently being enriched by troves of new data, and new models of environmental variability and human impact. Earth scientists are rapidly expanding historians’ knowledge of the paleoclimate through the recovery and analysis of climate proxies such as ice cores, tree rings, stalagmites, and marine and lake sediments. Further, archaeologists and anthropologists are using novel techniques and methods to study the history of health and disease, as revealed through examination of bones and paleomolecular evidence. These possibilities open the way for historians to participate in a conversation about the long history of environmental change and human response. This essay considers how one of the most classic of all historical questions–the fall of the Roman Empire–can receive an answer enriched by new knowledge about the role of environmental change.
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GALMÉS, JERONI, MAXIM V. KAPRALOV, P. JOHN ANDRALOJC, MIQUEL À. CONESA, ALFRED J. KEYS, MARTIN A. J. PARRY, and JAUME FLEXAS. "Expanding knowledge of the Rubisco kinetics variability in plant species: environmental and evolutionary trends." Plant, Cell & Environment 37, no. 9 (May 11, 2014): 1989–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.12335.
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Kraus, Richard T., Helen Bontrager, Christopher S. Vandergoot, and Matthew D. Faust. "Expanding freshwater biologger studies to view fish as environmental sensing platforms." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 1 (2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21046.
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While recording fish habitat use by electronic sensors, biologgers can also be viewed as autonomous environmental monitoring systems with the organism as a vehicle. This dual perspective has provided novel results from marine ecosystems, but has not been applied to freshwater ecosystems. To understand limitations in fresh water, we evaluated miniature depth and temperature recorders as aquatic monitoring systems in a Laurentian Great Lake: Erie. As part of an acoustic telemetry study, biologgers were opportunistically implanted in a subsample of walleye Sander vitreus. Biologgers recorded temperature and depth at half-hour intervals for up to 1 year. Recaptures provided six biologgers for analysis of seasonal temperature patterns and lake stratification, key variables for understanding dimictic lakes. Depth-resolved temperature patterns showed close correspondence with independent weather buoy measurements. Because the buoy was deployed late in the season, biologger data provided improved estimates of the start of stratification, which had important implications for understanding development of hypoxia in the hypolimnion. Drawbacks to biologger data included imprecise knowledge of fish location and reliance on tag recoveries from the fishery. Optimistically, our results show how biologgers could be part of a monitoring approach that integrates limnological surveys with fisheries science.
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Gorzeń-Mitka, Iwona. "THE EVOLUTION OF RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE MAPS." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/10.33225/pmc/17.12.106.
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One of the leading trends in modern academic research is risk management. Over the years, the approach to risk management has changed and affected many different areas. This study aims to investigate changes in risk management and trends of risk management in the past 20 years. Risk management related publications from 1990 to 2016 were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. VOS viewer software was used to analyse the research trend. Literature growth related to risk management is expanding rapidly. Significantly more publications related to risk management aspects were collected in Scopus, compared to the Web of Science. Since 2005 is to be noted a significantly increasing interest in risk management problems (nearly 5300 publications by year in Scopus database). Risk management problems mainly appearing in publications related to the fields of Medicine and Engineering, Business, Management and Accounting, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Computer Science and Environmental Science. In Business, Management and Accounting a significant jump in the interest in the issues of risk management was noted in 2011. Recent studies focus on the enterprise risk management, environmental and industry management innovation in strong connection with risk assessment. The enterprise risk management associated with environmental and sustainable perspective may be the newest topics that should be closely followed in risk management research. Keywords: risk management, knowledge maps, network analysis.
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Grove, Jonathan Morgan, and Steward TA Pickett. "From transdisciplinary projects to platforms: expanding capacity and impact of land systems knowledge and decision making." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 38 (June 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.001.
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Wahyunengsih, Wahyunengsih, and Noni Mia Rahmawati. "EXPANDING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SENSE OF TOLERANCE ON “THE WORLD THROUGH ENGLISH TEXTBOOK”." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 9, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 372–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481.
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ABSTRACTCharacter education is needed to shape the students’ characters, one of which is the sense of being tolerant toward differences of cultures in societies around the world. Textbooks are suitable to introduce this value. This study is aimed to develop a primary school source of learning which significantly promotes the value of tolerance in the content. This textbook is aimed to introduce cultures from several parts of the world and stimulates the students' awareness of appreciating diversity. Plomp’s Model in 1997 research dan development (R&D) design is utilized in this present study. The finding shows the researchers can develop an English textbook entitled "The World through English". This book guides the students to enhance their knowledge and sense of tolerance into the level of warm tolerance according to the Interpersonal Tolerance Scale (IPTS) proposed by Thomae (2016). As a result, this study shows that the development of an English textbook with persuasive tolerance value is acceptable and easily comprehended by elementary school students.ABSTRAKPendidikan karakter diperlukan untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik, salah satunya adalah rasa toleran terhadap perbedaan budaya dalam masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Buku teks cocok untuk memperkenalkan nilai ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber belajar sekolah dasar yang secara signifikan mengedepankan nilai toleransi dalam muatannya. Buku ajar ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan budaya dari berbagai belahan dunia dan merangsang kesadaran siswa untuk menghargai keberagaman. Model Plomp pada tahun 1997 desain penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Temuan menunjukkan peneliti dapat mengembangkan buku teks bahasa Inggris berjudul "The World through English". Buku ini membimbing siswa untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan rasa toleransi ke tingkat toleransi hangat menurut Skala Toleransi Interpersonal (IPTS) yang diusulkan oleh Thomae (2016). Hasilnya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan buku teks bahasa Inggris dengan nilai toleransi persuasif dapat diterima dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa sekolah dasar.How to Cite: Wahyunengsih, Rahmawati, N. M.. (2022). Expanding Primary School Students’ Knowledge and Sense of Tolerance on “The World Through English Textbook”. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 372-395. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481
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Radchenko, Lyudmila K., and Gennady P. Martynov. "CARTOGRAPHIC ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COGNITION OF REALITY." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 4 (2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-4-83-93.
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A map is a means of knowing the territory, but the user’ cognitive activity, interest to maps and the readiness level are different. The levels of an experienced user who reads a map using their professional knowledge of the mapping object being studied, and a student who started studying a school subject and does not have any basic knowledge of the subject being studied. The article proposes a structural cognition model of the surrounding reality with the help of such a means of cognition as a map. Cognitive activity is carried out on the basis of sensory cognition, theoretical thinking and practi-cal activity. It occurs when a certain new phenomenon – a stimulus – appears, which, with the help of an orientation reflex, activates the child's interest in new means of cognition of the surrounding reality – the map. Cognitive activity involves subconsciousness, intelligence, and consciousness, which form new knowledge about the environment. The process of child’s cognitive activity can be controlled by an assistant (teacher, parent) or can take place independently. Knowledge about the region is proposed to be formed by using a cognitive model of the region, visualized by the cartographic method. Such a model contains a certain set of thematic layers, characterizing the region as a whole, from all sides of natural, socio-economic aspects. The cognitive model allows working with a separate topic, disclosed in a specific map and getting comprehensive knowledge about the region, thereby fulfilling the strategic objectives of the State Program for 2019-2030, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 27.03.2019 No. 337 "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation" to provide conditions for the development of "civil" science, expanding the access of citizens of the Russian Federation to scientific knowledge and participation in their acquisition.
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Kristiansen, Kristian. "Who is deterministic? On the nature of interdisciplinary research in archaeology." Archaeological Dialogues 26, no. 01 (June 2019): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203819000060.
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Arponen et al.’s paper is a timely discussion paper which raises basic issues about the relationship between environmental science and archaeology, and thus about the relationship between science and archaeology more broadly. My comments will therefore begin with a discussion of the nature of interdisciplinary research, as a background for re-evaluating the question of determinism in environmental research. Thus more recently we have seen a critical concern or even anxiety emerge over how to reconcile science-based and humanistic traditions of interpretation in a period of expanding importance of science-based knowledge in aDNA studies (Callaway 2018; Sørensen 2017; Kristiansen 2017). It raises the question of their relationship and of what provides good practice.
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Ryan, John C. "Cultural Botany: Toward a Model of Transdisciplinary, Embodied, and Poetic Research into Plants." Nature and Culture 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2011.060202.
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Since the eighteenth century, the study of plants has reflected an increasingly mechanized and technological view of the natural world that divides the humanities and the natual sciences. In broad terms, this article proposes a context for research into flora through an interrogation of existing literature addressing a rapprochement between ways to knowledge. The natureculture dichotomy, and more specifically the plant-to-human sensory disjunction, follows a parallel course of resolution to the schism between objective (technical, scientific, reductionistic, visual) and subjective (emotive, artistic, relational, multi-sensory) forms of knowledge. The foundations of taxonomic botany, as well as the allied fields of environmental studies, ethnobotany and economic botany, are undergirded by universalizing, sensorylimited visual structuring of the natural world. As the study of everyday embodied interactions of humans with flora, expanding upon the lens of cultural ecology, "cultural botany" provides a transdisciplinary research approach. Alternate embodied cultural engagements with flora emerge through a syncretic fusion of diverse methodologies.
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Filippova, O. G. "Popularization of the Altai archaeological heritage: experience and development prospects." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 16 (2021): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2021-16-279-283.
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The publication raises issues related to the popularization of cultural heritage, monuments of archeology. The author gives examples of possible events and actions aimed at expanding the knowledge of representatives of society about the earliest stages of human development. The important role of interaction between the professional, scientific community, museums, non-profit organizations is noted.
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Vera, Lourdes A., Lindsey Dillon, Sara Wylie, Jennifer Liss Ohayon, Aaron Lemelin, Phil Brown, Christopher Sellers, and Dawn Walker. "DATA RESISTANCE: A SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL AUTOETHNOGRAPHY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND GOVERNANCE INITIATIVE*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-24-4-511.
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The dismantlement of evidence-based environmental governance by the Trump administration requires new forms of activism that uphold science and environmental regulatory agencies while critiquing the politics of knowledge production. The Environmental Data and Governance Initiative (EDGI) emerged after the November 2016 U.S. presidential elections, becoming an organization of over 175 volunteer researchers, technologists, archivists, and activists innovating more just forms of government accountability and environmental regulation. Our successes include: (1) leading a public movement to archive vulnerable federal data evidencing climate change and environmental injustice; (2) conducting multisited interviews of current and former federal agency personnel regarding the transition into the Trump administration; (3) tracking changes to federal websites. In this article, we conduct a “social movement organizational autoethnography” on the field of movements intersecting within EDGI and on our theory, tactics, and practices. We offer ideas for expanding and iterating on methods of public, collaborative scholarship and advocacy.
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Grainger, Alan. "Uncertainty in the construction of global knowledge of tropical forests." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 34, no. 6 (December 2010): 811–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133310387326.
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Knowledge of tropical forest change remains uncertain, affecting our ability to produce accurate estimates of globally aggregated parameters to support clear global statements about ‘the tropical forests’. This paper reviews current methods for constructing global knowledge of changes in tropical forest area, carbon density, biodiversity and ecosystem services. It finds a deficiency in formal institutions for global measurement and constructing global knowledge. In their absence, informal institutions have proliferated, increasing the spread of estimates. This is exacerbated by dependence on inaccurate official statistics, which has limited construction of knowledge about forest area change through modelling. Employing the new concept of the Knowledge Exchange Chain shows the interdependence of different disciplines in constructing composite information. Limitations linked to compartmentalization and scale are present, as predicted by the ‘post-normal hypothesis’. Disciplinary compartmentalization has impeded construction of information about forest carbon and biodiversity change. There is growth in interdisciplinary research into modelling forest change and estimating carbon emissions using remote sensing data, but not in studying biodiversity. Continuing uncertainty has implications for implementing the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) scheme. Uncertainty could be reduced by expanding formal scientific institutions, e.g. by establishing an operational scientific global forest monitoring system, and devising formal generic rules for constructing global environmental knowledge.
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Williams, Brian, and Mark Riley. "The Challenge of Oral History to Environmental History." Environment and History 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734018x15254461646503.
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Oral history has much to offer environmental history, yet the possibilities and promises of oral history remain underutilised in environmental history and environmental studies more broadly. Through a reflection on work in environmental history and associated disciplines, this paper presents a case for the strength and versatility of oral history as a key source for environmental history, while reflecting on questions of its reliability and scope. We identify three major insights provided by environmental oral history: into environmental knowledge, practices and power. We argue that, rather than being a weakness, the (inter)subjective and experiential dimensions of oral accounts provide a rich source for situating and interrogating environmental practices, meanings, and power relations. Oral history, moreover, provides a counterweight to a reliance on colonial archives and top-down environmental accounts, and can facilitate a renewal - and deepening - of the radical roots of environmental history. Furthermore, as a research practice, oral history is a promising means of expanding the participatory and grassroots engagement of environmental history. By decentring environmental expertise and eroding the boundaries (both fictive and real) of environmental knowledge production, oral environmental histories can provide key interventions in pursuit of a more just, sustainable world.
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Smith, Andrea L., Nina Hewitt, Nicole Klenk, Dawn R. Bazely, Norman Yan, Stepan Wood, Irene Henriques, James I. MacLellan, and Carla Lipsig-Mummé. "Effects of climate change on the distribution of invasive alien species in Canada: a knowledge synthesis of range change projections in a warming world." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a11-020.
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The interactive effects of climate change and invasive alien species (IAS) pose serious threats to biodiversity, ecosystems and human well-being worldwide. In particular, IAS are predicted to experience widespread changes in distribution in response to climate change, with many expanding their ranges into new areas. However, the two drivers of global change are seldom considered together in policy and management. We conducted a knowledge synthesis to assess the state of research on IAS range shifts under climate change in Canada. We found that the study of IAS distribution changes caused by climate change is a relatively new field of inquiry that integrates research in the areas of ecology, conservation biology, and environmental sciences. The multidisciplinary dimensions of the issue are largely overlooked in the scholarly literature, with most studies having a purely natural science perspective. Very little original research has occurred in the field to date; instead literature reviews are common. Research focuses on modeling range changes of current IAS threats, rather than predicting potential future IAS threats. The most commonly studied IAS already occur in Canada as native species that have spread beyond their range (e.g., lyme disease, mountain pine beetle, smallmouth bass) or as established invaders (e.g., gypsy moth). All of these IAS are expected to expand northward with climate change, resulting in widespread negative impacts on forest and freshwater biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and public health. Many barriers to predicting IAS range change under climate change are identified in the literature, including the complexity of the issue, lack of ecological data, and failure to integrate climate change – IAS interactions into research, policy, and management. Recommendations for increased research and monitoring, and the need for policy and management reform predominate in the literature.
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Ikeda, Toshikazu. "Development research of arithmetic and mathematics curriculum incorporating revolutionary and cumulative knowledge growth." Impact 2022, no. 5 (October 13, 2022): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2022.5.20.
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The continuous development of education is important in order to ensure it keeps growing and improving. Professor Toshikazu Ikeda, College of Education, Yokohama National University, Japan, is a Professor of Mathematics who is a proponent of revolutionary knowledge growth through overturning, expanding, and integrating acquired knowledge and skills. This is about progression through bridging the gap between a knowledge goal and the existing knowledge base through developing techniques and pathways to that goal. Ikeda believes that by inserting revolutionary knowledge growth into the mathematics curriculum in Japan, children can be encouraged towards more independent and problem solving based thinking. He has performed an analysis of current teaching materials which involved examining local teaching materials in a specific area, using lessons to analyse and evaluate those materials and looking at long-term global teaching materials that give a deeper examination of specific topics, focusing on how and where it can be used and how students react to the content. In his work, Ikeda uses modelling as a problem solving tool and to develop techniques to deepen learning and lead to revolutionary knowledge growth. Ikeda is collaborating with Professor Max Stephens, Melbourne University, to produce lectures centred on revolutionary growth knowledge for students at teacher training colleges. A key part of Ikedaâ–™s work is teaching mathematical modelling in order to help students understand the importance of mathematics and develop their abilities.
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Lagutenko, Oksana, Valentyna Shevchenko, Tetyana Nasteka, and Tetyana Nikolenko. "SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONTENT FORMATION PROBLEM FOR SENIOR SCHOOL STUDENTS." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 204 (June 2022): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-204-173-178.
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Ecologization of education is an integral part of the society’s renewal, which reflects and shapes its consciousness and newthinking. The formation of an ecological content at Biology lessons in high school is closely related to the formation of environmental competence. Expanding the content of the Biology course in high school with knowledge about the biocenosis and agrocenosis, based on science, will help to ensure the effective development of ecological “content line”. In the process of studying Biology in 10th grade, it is important to continue developing students’ cognitive interest, offering independent work with various sources of information: popular science literature, videos, Internet resources and more. We consider promising the development of ways to motivate the educational activities of students and the introduction of various forms of environmental education in schools during class activities. For example, conducting laboratory work on the analysis of species and trophic structure of the biocenosis with elements of scientific research willcontribute to the formation of deep ecological knowledge. One of the elements of the ecological competence formation process can be the performance of students' independent work, which involves compiling trophic chains examples and analysis of the trophic structure of biocenoses and agrocenoses different types. The proposed scientific and methodological advice on in-depth study and mastering the concepts of "biocenosis" and "agrocenosis" will form an ecological worldview and provide a basic level of high school students knowledge. Discovering the cycle of substances and energy flow, ensuring the stability and dynamism of natural and artificial biosystems and maintaining balance in the biosphere, are the scientific basis for the formation of students' environmental thinking, environmental responsibility and environmental skills.
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Bloom, Nicholas, John Van Reenen, and Heidi Williams. "A toolkit of policies to promote innovation." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-10-5-31.
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Economic theory suggests that market economies are likely to underprovide innovation because of the public good nature of knowledge. Empirical evidence from the United States and other advanced economies supports this idea. We summarize the pros and cons of different policy instruments for promoting innovation and provide a basic “toolkit” describing which policies are most effective according to our reading of the evidence. In the short run, R&D tax credits and direct public funding seem the most productive, but in the longer run, increasing the supply of human capital (for example, relaxing immigration rules or expanding university STEM admissions) is likely more effective.
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Dudzik, Agnieszka, and Agnieszka Dzięcioł-Pędich. "Online tools for individual study of specialised vocabulary – selected challenges." Linguodidactica 26 (2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/lingdid.2022.26.03.
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The acquisition of lexis is an important part of language learning. It is also a vital component of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) education, as knowledge of specialised vocabulary is considered integral to success in occupation-specific communicative activities. Expanding professional lexis is essential to help ESP learners understand the language and concepts of their academic or professional discipline and achieve specific communication goals. This paper aims to discuss selected challenges of using online tools (which were subjected to a qualitative analysis) to develop specialised lexis at the tertiary level. An outline of difficulties in professional vocabulary learning and a review of the main characteristics of teaching ESP are also included.
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STETSULA, NADIIA. "METHOD OF PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 1 (July 14, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.22.1.7.
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It has been analysed that the educational system in higher education institutions aims to ensure the advanced development of education by modernizing the educational process in accordance with the needs of society for the training of future professionals. It is noted that application of innovative didactic tools has affected the transition from the reproductive style of learning to the productive one, which stimulates the educational and cognitive activity of students. It is established that the use of the project method is effective in the formation of environmental competence in the system of professional and pedagogical training of future teachers of natural sciences, because it involves the achievement of educational goals means of Ecology, thereby expanding the scope of professional competence. The pedagogical purpose of the project method is to develop in students the ability to transform information into knowledge and independently use didactic tools to obtain a learning product. The priority values of ecological-competence education for the future teacher of natural specialties have been highlighted, they include cognitive, subject-practical and personal experience. Prospects for the formation of environmental competence of future teachers in the context of the project method imply fulfilling the educational process with new achievements of the natural and pedagogical field in the context of the project method; inclusion in the one’s own pedagogical activity of a method of projects on the basis of subject modelling; use of the project method in the cognitive activity of an applicant on the basis of solving project tasks; combining and reconstructing familiar techniques of creative activity to solve new problems; self-education, self-development and self-realization of an individual in the process of project activities on an individual and group basis. The research paper is focused on the methodological features of using the project method in the training of future teachers of natural specialties in the process of formation of environmental competencies; an interactive model of interaction "teacher-applicant" and methodological development introduction of the method.
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Panno, Angelo, Mauro Giacomantonio, Giuseppe Carrus, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Sabine Pirchio, and Lucia Mannetti. "Mindfulness, Pro-environmental Behavior, and Belief in Climate Change: The Mediating Role of Social Dominance." Environment and Behavior 50, no. 8 (July 6, 2017): 864–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517718887.
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In recent years, mindfulness has been considered as a potential source of proenvironmental attitudes and behavior. Present research is aimed at consolidating and expanding previous knowledge by proposing that mindfulness is related to both proenvironmental behavior and belief in global climate change through social dominance orientation (SDO). A first study was conducted on undergraduate students ( n = 279) and found, as expected, that trait mindfulness was related to proenvironmental behavior through SDO. A second study using a known groups approach compared practitioners ( n = 44) and nonpractitioners ( n = 53) of Buddhist meditation, which is known to develop a mindful stance. Moreover, in Study 2, a measure of belief in global climate change was adopted as a further outcome. Again, trait mindfulness was related to both proenvironmental outcomes through SDO. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Roberto Soares Scolforo, José, Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho, Antonio Chalfun-Junior, Adriano Higino Freire, Leandro Coelho Naves, and Marcio Machado Ladeira. "How the environmental planning of the Universidade Federal de Lavras impacts higher education." E3S Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184806004.
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UFLA was founded in 1908 as an Agriculture School and since that time there was a large concern with environmental issues. During last decade, UFLA has started a huge expansion in different areas of knowledge, becoming a more comprehensive university rather than being focused only in Agriculture Sciences. Due to that, UFLA has faced a need to build many buildings, avenues, improve water and energy supply and deal with different residues produced by their population on campus (including at the laboratories). For this reason, in 2009, UFLA started the idea to implement an Environmental and Structural Planning (ESP), to solve current structural problems and prevent future ones, creating, by that, conditions for keeping expanding and still placing UFLA as an environmentally sustainable University. Moreover, once the Planning was implemented and, even during its implementation, UFLA started to be an excellent example and laboratory for their students. In other words, we could start teaching how to expand keeping been sustainable. For instance, almost 70% of UFLA undergraduate and graduate programs have direct or indirect relation with environment and sustainability, and part of them use facilities and activities created with the ESP implementation. As recognition for the described actions, in 2017, UFLA was ranked in 35th position in UI Green Metric overall world ranking and 1st in Education. In conclusion, the ESP is a great opportunity to improve education and research quality of UFLA.
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Sagdatullin, Artur M., and Kirill S. Semenov. "INFORMATION SYSTEM TO SUPPORT THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS BASED ON THE GAMIFICATION METHOD." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 61 (2022): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-98-101.
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The paper considers an educational information system built based on gamification and game technologies, expanding the possibilities of supporting the educational process. A classification was proposed, and the main features of information training systems were presented. An educational information system model was developed to support the educational process based on the gamification method. It was shown that many factors included in the education information system contribute to the enhancement of efficiency of such systems. A comparison of the gamification method with other gaming techniques was given. A training simulator was developed to consolidate theoretical knowledge and form practical skills and abilities for trainees in the oil and gas equipment and electric power engineering
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Gedugoshev, Ratmir Ruslanovich. "Using the Incident Method in the Development of Social Responsibility of Young Police Officers." KANT 44, no. 3 (September 2022): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2022-44.40.
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The purpose of the study is to characterize the pedagogical potential of the incident method in the development of social responsibility of young police officers. The scientific novelty consists in describing the possibilities of the incident method for expanding legal knowledge, developing moral qualities, and forming successful models of behavior for young police officers. The results of the study are the characteristics of simulated situations compiled within the framework of the incident method, including three areas of work: a) discussion of moral dilemmas involving legal and moral choices; b) solving problems containing typical options for actions and an operational tactical approach; c) simulation of extreme conditions requiring the use of physical force, special means, weapons.
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Dudziak, Urszula. "Attitudes Towards the Regulation of Family Fertility. Reality and Pastoral Guidelines." Teologia i Moralność 17, no. 2(32) (December 30, 2022): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/tim.2022.32.2.16.
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Approval of fertility recognition and opposition to interfering with it have been expressed in many documents of the Church (Pius XI 1930, Paul VI 1968, John Paul II 1988, John Paul II 1995). The question remains: to what extent have the moral principles in the field of transmitting human life been interiorized and implemented? The answer to this question is possible thanks to the analysis of the results of surveys of various social groups. The article encourages spouses and parents, priests and educators, politicians and journalists, academic teachers and medical staff to constantly undertake, and even intensify, support activities in the field of expanding knowledge about the methods of ethical birth control and strengthening the attitude of responsible parenthood.
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Maldonado-Guzmán, Gonzalo, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, Sandra Yesenia Pinzón-Castro, and Vikas Kumar. "Barriers to innovation in service SMEs: evidence from Mexico." Industrial Management & Data Systems 117, no. 8 (September 11, 2017): 1669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2016-0339.
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Purpose Specific research related to the study of innovation barriers in service SMEs in the Latin American region is limited. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects that external environmental, financial and human barriers have on innovation activities, particularly, within the context of Mexican service SMEs. Design/methodology/approach Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using structural equation modelling. Data were collected through an instrument that was developed based on relevant constructs adapted from the literature. The instrument was validated using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α test and the composite reliability index to ensure reliability of the theoretical model. The instrument was distributed among service SMEs in the Aguascalientes state of Mexico, from were 308 valid responses were obtained. Findings In general, the results indicate that all the three barriers investigated (i.e. external environmental, financial and human) hinder innovation in service SMEs, with the external environmental barrier being the most significant of the three. Practical implications The findings of this research can inform managers of service SMEs and policy makers when formulating and implementing strategies to reduce innovation barriers. Originality/value Evidence suggests that specific research related to the study of innovation barriers in service SMEs in the Latin American region is limited. This paper fills this research gap by expanding the limited body of knowledge in this field and providing further evidence on this phenomenon. The study also enables the distinctive characteristics of innovation barriers to be understood within a particular context, expanding in this way the body of knowledge on this field.
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Shin, Chung-Shig. "A Study of the Possibility of the Hermeneutical Approach of Public Administration." Korean Association of Governance Studies 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 187–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.26847/mspa.2022.32.2.187.
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A hermeneutical study in the realm of social sciences is on the way to expanding its realm variously. Theorists under the hermeneutical tradition mainly focus on ‘praxis’ as a self-interpretation within the historical contexts of social actors. A vital factor of the hermeneutical logos is thus contextualized self-interpretation. This article attempts to explain the application of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s ‘philosophical hermeneutics’ to the realms of public administration by focusing on the framework of ‘local narrative.’ This framework might consist of meaning, action, agency, structure, institution, and even power. Its ultimate goal never aims to make the “grand” narrative. Rather it attempts to reach the deeper understanding of the things within the realm of public administration. The guidance of a narrative weaving various efforts for understanding, effective communication, holism might be actualized by our localized knowledge and partial perspectives founded upon the hermeneutic circle, the historically effected consciousness and the lingusticality of understanding in Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics.
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Whitelaw, Mitchell, and Belinda Smaill. "Biodiversity data as public environmental media: Citizen science projects, national databases and data visualizations." Journal of Environmental Media 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00041_1.
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Through a combination of scientific and community activity, our environment is increasingly registered and documented as data. Given the expanding breadth of this digital domain, it is crucial that scholars consider the problems it presents as well as its affirmative potential. This article, arising from collaboration between a practitioner and theorist in digital design and a film and screen scholar with expertise in documentary and environmental studies, critically examines biodiversity data through an ecocritical reading of public-facing databases, citizen science platforms and data visualizations. We examine the Atlas of Living Australia; Canberra Nature Map; the City of Melbourne’s Insects; and the experimental visualization Local Kin. Integrating perspectives from screen studies, design and the environmental humanities, including multispecies studies approaches in anthropology, we examine how digital representations reflect the way biodiversity data is produced and structured. Critically analysing design choices – what is shown, and how it is shown – we argue that biodiversity data on-screen provides specific affordances: allowing, encouraging or discouraging certain insights and possibilities that condition our knowledge of and engagement with living things. An interdisciplinary approach allows us to ask new questions about how users might experience multispecies worlds in digital form, and how biodiversity data might convey the complexities of an entangled biosphere, amplifying understanding, connection and attention amongst interested publics. We examine the visual rhetorics of digital biodiversity in order to better understand how these forms operate as environmental media: designed representations of the living world.
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Razvi, Sayed Ata al' Vahid. "Cultural Landscape as an Assessment Category and a Communication Tool: Cultural Codes of Russia and Pakistan in the Context of Descriptive Comparative Studies." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2022-11-1-40-45.
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The author of the article shares the opinion that culture and communication are mutually dependent factors of the formation of civilization. The present article focuses on the instrumental possibilities of cultural landscapes and cultural codes as communication tools, using comparative studies of cultural landscapes of Russia and Pakistan as an example. The author offers his model of conceptualizing cultural landscape as a cultural text in the process of interpretation of its cultural codes. The author argues that it is possible to consider the process of expanding mutual cultural knowledge as a form of "soft power" capable of promoting the development and strengthening of international relations. The author examines applied cultural studies from the standpoint of the science of communication, defining as their goal the achievement of the most productive, comfortable and harmonious conditions of intercultural, interlanguage and international communication within the framework of bilateral and multilateral relations.
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Burkhanov, Rafael Ayratovich. "Philosophizing as a questioning about being." KANT 41, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-41.24.
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The article is devoted to the study of philosophizing as questioning. It is substantiated that in terms of content, it is, firstly, an ideological questioning about the world and the place of human in it; secondly, conceptual questioning, which is realized in a developed philosophical theory; thirdly, metaphysical questioning, the purpose of which is the knowledge of being as such; fourth, transcending questioning, expanding and complicating the spheres of knowledge and practice; fifth, projective questioning aimed at creating and implementing possible models of a person; sixth, personal questioning, which forms the consciousness of a particular individual. Various types of philosophizing in ancient, medieval, modern European and modern thought are analyzed. It is emphasized that the definition of the main issue of philosophy as the question of the relationship of thinking to being, spirit to nature makes sense only within the framework of classical thought. In post-non-classical philosophy, interrogation is carried out within disparate semantic "clusters", through which it is impossible to comprehend the being as such, to cognize the world whole.
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Salma, Jordana, Savera Aziz Ali, McKenzie H. Tilstra, Ishwar Tiwari, Charlene C. Nielsen, Kyle Whitfield, Allyson Jones, Alvaro Osornio Vargas, Okan Bulut, and Shelby S. Yamamoto. "Listening to older adults’ perspectives on climate change: Focus group study." International Health Trends and Perspectives 2, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v2i3.1697.
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This study explores climate change knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of community-dwelling older adults in Edmonton, Alberta. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used where thirty-nine older adults participated in one of six focus groups. A thematic data analysis helped identify three key themes synthesized from participants’ narratives: (a) Making sense of climate change, (b) lack of leadership in managing climate change; and (c) actions to address climate change that include an emphasis on individual responsibility and valuing the contributions of older adults. Older adults vary in their climate change literacy and levels of concern about climate change but share a commitment to environmental stewardship and community wellbeing. Expanding opportunities for older Canadians to learn about climate change and engage in climate initiatives will bring multiple benefits to this population and to the climate change movement.
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Awal, Sadiqul, and Darren Bonnici. "Consumers perception of aquaponics in Australia: A survey." Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology 10, no. 5 (November 15, 2021): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2021.10.00325.
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Aquaponics, an integrated system with both hydroponic plant production and aquaculture fish production, is an expanding alternative agriculture system. Many key questions about the overall feasibility of aquaponic systems remain unanswered. Of particular concern for start-up and established producers alike are consumer perceptions and willingness to pay for aquaponic produce and fish. This study reports results and analysis of a consumer survey about perceptions and preferences for aquaponic-grown products that was conducted in Melbourne Metropolitan Area (MMA), Australia. The results represent a first step toward building knowledge about the potential consumer base for aquaponics, which is a critical piece in the system’s potential overall profitability. It appears that consumer education and marketing will be key for the expansion of the market.
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Orr, James A., Rolf D. Vinebrooke, Michelle C. Jackson, Kristy J. Kroeker, Rebecca L. Kordas, Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle, Paul J. Van den Brink, et al. "Towards a unified study of multiple stressors: divisions and common goals across research disciplines." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1926 (May 6, 2020): 20200421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0421.
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Anthropogenic environmental changes, or ‘stressors’, increasingly threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Multiple-stressor research is a rapidly expanding field of science that seeks to understand and ultimately predict the interactions between stressors. Reviews and meta-analyses of the primary scientific literature have largely been specific to either freshwater, marine or terrestrial ecology, or ecotoxicology. In this cross-disciplinary study, we review the state of knowledge within and among these disciplines to highlight commonality and division in multiple-stressor research. Our review goes beyond a description of previous research by using quantitative bibliometric analysis to identify the division between disciplines and link previously disconnected research communities. Towards a unified research framework, we discuss the shared goal of increased realism through both ecological and temporal complexity, with the overarching aim of improving predictive power. In a rapidly changing world, advancing our understanding of the cumulative ecological impacts of multiple stressors is critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Identifying and overcoming the barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge exchange is necessary in rising to this challenge. Division between ecosystem types and disciplines is largely a human creation. Species and stressors cross these borders and so should the scientists who study them.
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Kelly, Rachel, Aysha Fleming, Gretta T. Pecl, Julia von Gönner, and Aletta Bonn. "Citizen science and marine conservation: a global review." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1814 (November 2, 2020): 20190461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0461.
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Climate change, overfishing, marine pollution and other anthropogenic drivers threaten our global oceans. More effective efforts are urgently required to improve the capacity of marine conservation action worldwide, as highlighted by the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021–2030. Marine citizen science presents a promising avenue to enhance engagement in marine conservation around the globe. Building on an expanding field of citizen science research and practice, we present a global overview of the current extent and potential of marine citizen science and its contribution to marine conservation. Employing an online global survey, we explore the geographical distribution, type and format of 74 marine citizen science projects. By assessing how the projects adhere to the Ten Principles of Citizen Science (as defined by the European Citizen Science Association), we investigate project development, identify challenges and outline future opportunities to contribute to marine science and conservation. Synthesizing the survey results and drawing on evidence from case studies of diverse projects, we assess whether and how citizen science can lead to new scientific knowledge and enhanced environmental stewardship. Overall, we explore how marine citizen science can inform current understanding of marine biodiversity and support the development and implementation of marine conservation initiatives worldwide. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.
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Villaseñor, Ferdinand II Bangiban, and Wilfred D. Bidad. "Disgusting for being HIV infected: Case study on HIV knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, and attitudes among MSM overseas Filipino workers in UAE." Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30935/mjosbr/12661.
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HIV has been prevailing in many societies as a health threat and numerous men are affected of this global health crisis. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and sexual risk behaviors of overseas Filipino workers (OFW) men having sex with men (MSM) about HIV. Through a qualitative using case study research design, in-depth key informant interviews (KIIs) were done to secure primary data collection and better understand the informants’ experiences and perceptions about HIV. The informants of the study involved 10 OFWs who worked in Dubai, UAE. Based on thematic data analysis, findings highlighted that the informants were knowledgeable of HIV transmission, symptoms, and prevention and treatment. They avoid drug use and practice safe sex especially through condom use to avoid HIV infection. However, they admitted to sexual risk behaviors. Consequently, the MSM pointed out the stigma, insecurity, and hopelessness of people dealing and living with HIV disease and enjoin people to give them fair treatment and acceptance in society. This study recommends expanding HIV awareness campaign programs to lessen the HIV disease and discrimination against people with HIV through promoting in social media and other relevant platforms and health support services.
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Egger, Garry. "Defining a Structure and Methodology for the Practice of Lifestyle Medicine." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 12, no. 5 (September 20, 2016): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827616669327.
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Lifestyle medicine (LM) is a relatively new branch of clinical practice (like travel medicine, sports medicine, etc), but to date with little accepted structure or methodology. The current review extends a previous attempt to define the determinants of chronic disease by expanding this to include (1) the knowledge base (the science) or epidemiology of chronic disease, (2) the skills (the art) or practice of LM, (3) the tools (the materials) that can add to LM diagnoses and prescription, and (4) the procedures (the actions) that help update conventional medicine to include practices required for a new era of lifestyle and environmentally related chronic disease.
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Aviat, Florence, Leyla Slamti, Gustavo M. Cerqueira, Kristel Lourdault, and Mathieu Picardeau. "Expanding the Genetic Toolbox for Leptospira Species by Generation of Fluorescent Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 24 (October 29, 2010): 8135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02199-10.
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ABSTRACT Our knowledge of the genetics and molecular basis of the pathogenesis associated with Leptospira, in comparison to those of other bacterial species, is very limited. An improved understanding of pathogenic mechanisms requires reliable genetic tools for functional genetic analysis. Here, we report the expression of gfp and mRFP1 genes under the control of constitutive spirochetal promoters in both saprophytic and pathogenic Leptospira strains. We were able to reliably measure the fluorescence of Leptospira by fluorescence microscopy and a fluorometric microplate reader-based assay. We showed that the expression of the gfp gene had no significant effects on growth in vivo and pathogenicity in L. interrogans. We constructed an expression vector for L. biflexa that contains the lacI repressor, an inducible lac promoter, and gfp as the reporter, demonstrating that the lac system is functional in Leptospira. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was induced by the addition of isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in L. biflexa transformants harboring the expression vector. Finally, we showed that GFP can be used as a reporter to assess promoter activity in different environmental conditions. These results may facilitate further advances for studying the genetics of Leptospira spp.
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Schultz, V. L., A. A. Grebenyuk, and I. S. Ashmanov. "Xeoretical and methodological problems of digital sociology." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 28, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2022-28-1-126-144.
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This article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological problems of conceptualizing a new branch of sociological knowledge — digital sociology. The transfer of various aspects of human life to the virtual space (to social networks and new media) has created a number of challenges for the classical social sciences that have never been faced before. The main one is the assessment of the impact of social processes taking place in virtual space on the reality around us. Today, the phenomena emerging on the Internet are invading our “physical” world with increasing intensity, the so-called “real virtuality” is being formed. At the same time, an important aspect is the reverse effect on the virtual world of the processes taking place in social reality.The response to the virtualization of social life was the emergence of a new branch of sociological science — digital sociology. Having originated in the mid-2000s, it is actively developing: the problem Jeld is being clarified, its subject is being concretized, and the methodological toolkit is expanding. At the same time, there are also problems, “bottlenecks” that require comprehension and scientific overcoming.Within the framework of this scientific article, the processes of virtualization of public life, the essence and features of an electronic social network account are considered, the author’s definition of digital sociology is formed, the methodological toolkit is characterized, and the advantages and challenges of digital sociology are identified.
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Sierpińska, Lidia, and Sebastian Jaworski. "Level of nurses’ knowledge concerning prevention of hospital-acquired infections in surgical wards." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 8 (June 11, 2022): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.08.012.
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Introduction. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections in surgical wards is associated with a high level of nurses’ knowledge and skills in the area of the observance of procedures, standards of prevention of infections, use of personal protection means, and isolation of patients infected with the alert pathogen. Objective. The aim of the study was recognition of the level of knowledge concerning prevention of hospital-acquired infections among nursing staff in surgical wards. Materials and Method. The study was conducted in 2021, and included 115 nurses employed in hospital wards in two hospitals. The research method was a diagnostic survey, the technique – a questionnaire, and the research tool – an author-constructed questionnaire. Results. The majority of the examined nurses (68.0%) presented a ‘mediocre’ level of knowledge concerning hospital-acquired infections, while 38.9% - a ‘low’ level. More than a half of the respondents (60.0%) knew the purpose for hygienic handwashing. Approximately ¾ of respondents knew that there is no necessity for using sterile gloves during procedures related with the risk of contact with blood or body fluids. The majority of nurses in the study (62.5%) had a deficit of knowledge about transient flora inhabiting the skin, and 1/3 of respondents had no established principles of observance of personal protection means. More than a half of nurses (65.2%) did not know the objective of isolation of patients infected with an alert pathogen. Nearly a half of respondents (47.8%) knew that standard isolation is applied in each patient, irrespective of the previous medical history taking. Almost 2/3 of respondents (64.3%) knew that isolations applied in infections transmitted through contact, by airborne-droplet and airborne-dust routes are the types of above-standard isolation. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the need for expanding the scope of knowledge about prevention of hospital-acquired infections, the time of hygienic and surgical handwashing, as well as the principles of using personal protection means. The nurses presented a deficit of knowledge concerning transient flora of pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting the surface of the hands, and the principles of using personal protection means. Nurses require the expansion of the scope of knowledge about the goal and principles of standard and above-standard isolation of patients infected with alert pathogen.
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Petrova, Ekaterina V. "Interdisciplinarity and Crowdsourcing in Ecology as Reply to the Challenges of the Technogenic Civilization." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 4 (2020): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057463.
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The main characteristic of the modern environment is the negative change by its people – destruction and pollution. Man is part of the biosphere and the technogenic transformations of the biosphere inevitably affect him. Under the influence of technogenic civilization, all spheres of human activity undergo changes, and science above all. Ecology is especially keenly aware of the challenges of technogenic civilization. It focuses on anthropogenic factors, works with the human environment. At the same time, its problem field is expanding due to interdisciplinary research and the allocation of knowledge of new environmental disciplines into an independent industry. The interdisciplinarity of modern ecology is most clearly visible on the example of such a direction as informational ecology. The presence of the digital environment in human life has grown so much that it requires the separation of the digital information environment into a separate subsystem. Information ecology studies the laws of the influence of information on the formation and functioning of man. In turn, interdisciplinarity, assuming the use of knowledge from various branches of science, brings us to the problems of the collective agent of cognition and distributed knowledge. In ecology, the problems of the collective agent of cognition are implemented through crowd-sourcing technology. Ecology is a science that requires massive collection of observation data (samples of water, air, soil pollution in various, sometimes hard-to-reach corners of the planet, observation of fluctuations in the number of species of animals and plants). The popularity of crowdsourcing projects in the field of ecology is explained by the fact that the challenges and threats of anthropogenic civilization have generated such a trend of our time as environmental orientation or environmentalism. Ecological crowdsourcing projects, inspired by the philosophy of environmentalism, can serve as an answer to the challenges of technogenic civilization.
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Harrison-Atlas, Dylan, Anthony Lopez, and Eric Lantz. "Dynamic land use implications of rapidly expanding and evolving wind power deployment." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2c.
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Abstract The expansion of wind power poses distinct and varied geographic challenges to a sustainable energy transition. However, current knowledge of its land use impacts and synergies is limited by reliance on static characterizations that overlook the role of turbine technology and plant design in mediating interactions with the environment. Here, we investigate how wind technology development and innovation have shaped landscape interactions with social and ecological systems within the United States and contribute to evolving land area requirements. This work assesses trends in key land use facets of wind power using a holistic set of metrics to establish an evidence base that researchers, technology designers, land use managers, and policymakers can use in envisioning how future wind-intensive energy systems may be jointly optimized for clean energy, social, and environmental objectives. Since 2000, we find dynamic land occupancy patterns and regional trends that are driven by advancing technology and geographic factors. Though most historical U.S. wind deployment has been confined to the temperate grassland biome in the nation’s interior, regional expansion has implicated diverse land use and cover types. A large percentage of the typical wind plant footprint (∼96% to \,$?> > 99%) is not directly impacted by permanent physical infrastructure, allowing for multiple uses in the spaces between turbines. Surprisingly, turbines are commonly close to built structures. Moreover, rangeland and cropland have supported 93.4% of deployment, highlighting potential synergies with agricultural lands. Despite broadly decreasing capacity densities, offsetting technology improvements have stabilized power densities. Land use intensity, defined as the ratio of direct land usage to lifetime power generation of wind facilities, has also trended downwards. Although continued deployment on disturbed lands, and in close proximity to existing wind facilities and other infrastructure, could minimize the extent of impacts, ambitious decarbonization trajectories may predispose particular biomes to cumulative effects and risks from regional wind power saturation. Increased land-use and sustainability feedback in technology and plant design will be critical to sustainable management of wind power.
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Sánchez-Carrillo, Salvador, and Miguel Álvarez-Cobelas. "Stable isotopes as tracers in aquatic ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 26, no. 1 (March 2018): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0040.
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The addition of stable isotopes (SI) of 13C and 15N has been used to study several aquatic processes, thus avoiding environmental disturbance by the observer. This approach, employed for the last three decades, has contributed to expanding our knowledge of food-web ecology and nutrient dynamics in aquatic systems. Currently, SI addition is considered a powerful complementary tool for studying several ecological and biogeochemical processes at the whole-aquatic-ecosystem scale, which could not be addressed otherwise. However, their contributions have not been considered jointly nor have they been evaluated with a view to assessing the reliability and scope of their results from an ecosystem perspective. We intend to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive review (78 scientific publications reporting in situ 13C/15N additions at the whole-aquatic-ecosystem scale) addressing the main results arising from their use as tracers. Specifically, we focus on: (i) reasons for SI additions at the whole-ecosystem scale to study ecological processes, (ii) the paradigms resulting from its use and the insights achieved, (iii) uncertainties and drawbacks arising from these SI addition experiments, and (iv) the potential of this approach for tackling new paradigms. SI tracer addition at the ecosystem scale has provided new functional insights into numerous ecological processes in aquatic sciences (importance of subsidies in lakes; heterotrophy dominance in benthic food webs in lakes, wetlands and estuaries; the decrease in N removal efficiency in most aquatic ecosystems due to anthropogenic alteration; the recognition of hyporheic zones and floodplains as hot spots for stream denitrification; and high rates of internal N recycling in tidal freshwater marshes). However, certain constraints such as the high cost of isotopes, the maintenance of the new isotopic steady state, and avoidance of biomass changes in any compartment or pool during tracer addition bear witness to the difficulties of applying this approach to all fields of aquatic ecology and ecosystems. The future development of this approach, rather than expanding to larger and complex aquatic ecosystems, should include other stable isotopes such as phosphorus (P18O4).
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Wesseling, Ruiter, Blokhuis, Drukker, Weijers, Volten, Vonk, et al. "Development and Implementation of a Platform for Public Information on Air Quality, Sensor Measurements, and Citizen Science." Atmosphere 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080445.
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The use of low-cost sensors for air quality measurements is expanding rapidly, with an associated rise in the number of citizens measuring air quality themselves. This has major implications for traditional air quality monitoring as performed by Environmental Protection Agencies. Here we reflect on the experiences of the Dutch Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) with the use of low-cost sensors, particularly NO2 and PM10/PM2.5-sensors, and related citizen science, over the last few years. Specifically, we discuss the Dutch Innovation Program for Environmental Monitoring, which comprises the development of a knowledge portal and sensor data portal, new calibration approaches for sensors, and modelling and assimilation techniques for incorporating these uncertain sensor data into air pollution models. Finally, we highlight some of the challenges that come with the use of low-cost sensors for air quality monitoring, and give some specific use-case examples. Our results show that low-cost sensors can be a valuable addition to traditional air quality monitoring, but so far, their use in official monitoring has been limited. More research is needed to establish robust calibration methods while ongoing work is also aimed at a better understanding of the public’s needs for air quality information to optimize the use of low-cost sensors.
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Myśliwiec, Iwona. "Ocena przydatności narzędzia badawczego na podstawie studium przypadku dziecka bilingwalnego w ujęciu logopedycznym." Słowo. Studia językoznawcze 12 (2021): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/slowo.2021.12.20.
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The aim of this paper is to introduce, analyze, and discuss the Language Development Test (LDT) as a tool for examining bilingual children. The research was based on a case study of a boy who was at the stage of acquiring Polish as an L2. The obtained test result differs significantly from the opinion of the Polish language teacher and speech therapist who cooperated with the boy from the moment of his arrival in Poland to the time of the final examination. Alex’s score on the Language Development Test (TRJ) corresponds to the third level. In reality, however, the boy mastered the language well enough to begin his education in a Polish school, keeping up with his Polish peers in acquiring knowledge and expanding his linguistic competence. This demonstrates the lack of valid tools for examining bilingual and multilingual children. Standards for these groups should be developed separately.
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Moreira Santos, Micael, Jader Nunes Cachoeira, Antonio Carlos Batista, Eduardo Henrique Rezende, Maria Cristina Bueno Coelho, and Marcos Giongo. "Integrated fire management in the Brazilian Cerrado: advances and challenges." Tropical Forest Issues, no. 61 (November 10, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/vtqt5503.
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By including local knowledge, integrated fire management is sustaining an ancestral practice for reducing forest fires and conserving ecosystems. In private areas, however, it is necessary to develop programmes that include land owners, and to evaluate ways of expanding the proposed system. Reintroducing integrated fire management in the Cerrado has brought new tools and technologies that improve planning and implementation. Investment in research and development must be continuous, in order to advance technologically, and to train technicians, traditional communities and land owners. And it remains essential to reconcile new technologies and methodologies with traditional knowledge about fire management
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Banach, Jennifer L., Sophie J. I. Koch, Yvette Hoffmans, and Sander W. K. van den Burg. "Seaweed Value Chain Stakeholder Perspectives for Food and Environmental Safety Hazards." Foods 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101514.
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With a world population estimated at 10 billion people by 2050, the challenge to secure healthy and safe food is evident. Seaweed is a potential answer to this challenge. Expanding the use of seaweed in food systems requires an emphasis on safe practices to avoid adverse human health effects after consumption and irreversible damage to marine ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate relevant food safety and environmental safety hazards, monitoring measures, and mitigation strategies in the seaweed sector. For this study, a literature review, survey (n = 36), and interviews (n = 12) were conducted to identify hazards. The review and interviews aimed at pinpointing monitoring measures and mitigation strategies applied, while the survey revealed data gaps and further actions needed for the sector. Relevant food safety hazards include (inorganic) arsenic, iodine, and heavy metals, among others, such as pathogenic bacteria, while environmental hazards include environmental pathogens and parasites introduced into the ecosystem by domesticated seaweed, among others. Measures applied aim at preventing or mitigating hazards through good hygienic or manufacturing practices, food safety procedures or protocols, or pre-site farm selection. Although the future needs of the seaweed sector vary, for some, harmonized advice and protocols that align with a changing food system and hazard knowledge development as well as information on the benefits of seaweed and regulating climate and water quality may help.
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Huber, Amelie. "Hydropower in the Himalayan Hazardscape: Strategic Ignorance and the Production of Unequal Risk." Water 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030414.
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Rapidly expanding hydropower development in areas prone to geological and hydro-climatic hazards poses multiple environmental and technological risks. Yet, so far these have received scant attention in hydropower planning processes, and even in the campaigns of most citizen initiatives contesting these dams. Based on qualitative empirical research in Northeast India, this paper explores the reasons why dam safety and hazard potential are often marginal topics in hydropower governance and its contestation. Using a political ecology framework analyzing the production of unequal risks, I argue that a blind-eye to environmental risks facilitates the appropriation of economic benefits by powerful interest groups, while increasing the hazardousness of hydropower infrastructure, accelerating processes of social marginalization. More specifically, this paper brings into analytical focus the role of strategic ignorance and manufactured uncertainty in the production of risk, and explores the challenges and opportunities such knowledge politics create for public resistance against hazardous technologies. I posit that influencing the production of knowledge about risk can create a fertile terrain for contesting hazardous hydropower projects, and for promoting alternative popular conceptions of risk. These findings contribute to an emerging body of research about the implications of hydropower expansionism in the Himalayan hazardscape.
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KÜÇÜKSÜLEYMANOĞLU, Rüyam. "INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ BURNOUT IN HIGHER EDUCATION." IEDSR Association 6, no. 15 (September 20, 2021): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.326.
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International student mobility has been expanding in the past twenty years. Creating economic value and strategic colloborations, developing a common understanding in a socio-cultural context, and generating scientific knowledge at a universal level through projects and research in higher education are the main reasons that play a role in the increase of internationalization efforts. International students who prefer to study outside of their country face many academic, socio-cultural, psychological and economic problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the burnout levels of international students. A descriptive approach incorporating quantitative (MBI-SS) and qualitative methods (semi structured interviews) were adopted in the present study to collect data. A total of 1284 international students were selected fort the quantative and 20 studets for the qualitative part of the study. The results of the study revealed the fact that international students has high burnout levels due to academic demands, cultural differences, financial problems, language and homesickness.
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Ramiz Abdinov, Vidadi Akhundov, Ramiz Abdinov, Vidadi Akhundov. "METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INNOVATIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF THE REGION'S FINAL PRODUCTS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 21, no. 04 (November 9, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc21042022-33.
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The article developed an algorithm for calculating the coefficient of the impact of innovations on the growth rate of the final product. This mathematical apparatus is a tool for adequate adjustment of the economic system, taking into account the potential of its innovative development. Next, the problem of predicting the regional final product is solved using the Cobb-Douglas(innovation) model. In the calculations, the values of the parameters are determined by the Gradient method. The result obtained indicates the adequacy of the approach used. In addition, the assumptions and hypotheses put forward in the study create prerequisites for further expanding the amount of knowledge in the field of studying the innovative impact on the economy. The practical significance of the proposed models of innovative development of economic systems lies in the emergence of new opportunities for building the innovation policy of the state. Keywords: innovation activity, fuzzy model, Gradient method, innovation index