Relevant bibliographies by topics / Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences

Academic literature on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences"

Essl, Franz, Stefan Dullinger, Piero Genovesi, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kühn, et al. "A Conceptual Framework for Range-Expanding Species that Track Human-Induced Environmental Change." BioScience 69, no. 11 (September 25, 2019): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz101.

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Abstract For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is important to distinguish the range dynamics of such species from those that occur without, or with less clear, involvement of human-induced environmental changes. We elucidate the salient features of the rapid increase in the number of species whose range dynamics are human induced, and review the relationships and differences to both natural range expansion and biological invasions. We discuss the consequences for science, policy and management in an era of rapid global change and highlight four key challenges relating to basic gaps in knowledge, and the transfer of scientific understanding to biodiversity management and policy. We conclude that range-expanding species responding to human-induced environmental change will become an essential feature for biodiversity management and science in the Anthropocene. Finally, we propose the term neonative for these taxa.

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Liseev, Igor K. "Ecology as a Way to Combine Knowledge about the Natural and Social in Human Being." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 4 (2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057466.

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The article considers the process of expanding the subject and methods of research in modern environmental science. It is shown how, following the traditional biological science of ecology, new directions of ecological knowledge arise under the influence of research activities: social ecology, anthropoecology. Knowledge about a human being is achieved through the use of both natural and human sciences. A great step in expanding the subject of modern ecology was the intensive formation of human ecology in recent years, in which the need for the formation of a unity of natural science and socio-humanitarian research methods was reflected most clearly. In contrast to biological ecology, in which the main focus of research was the principles of natural science research, in social ecology, socio-humanitarian issues become dominant, and in human ecology-the synthesis of natural science and socio-humanitarian approaches. It's time to abandon the progressive illusions of the past and move on to the awareness of the specifics of sustainable civilizational development at the present stage. This sustainable development presupposes the co-evolution of society and nature, such a co-development of society and nature, in which both components of this single system do not oppose each other, do not conflict, but organically presuppose each other in their combined, harmonious development. Thus, now acting as a unified science that studies the interaction of the central coreof the system and its environment, ecology sets new guidelines for understanding the organization of scientific knowledge, the mood of the modern world picture is falling. A promising way for ecology is to grow into a modern universal organizational science. But this is a distant prospect. However, even now, such a renewed ecology can provide much for Russia’s search for its modern civilizational path, clarifying the organization of scientific knowledge, specifying the contours of the modern scientific picture of the world.

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Harper, Kyle. "The Environmental Fall of the Roman Empire." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00380.

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Global environmental history is currently being enriched by troves of new data, and new models of environmental variability and human impact. Earth scientists are rapidly expanding historians’ knowledge of the paleoclimate through the recovery and analysis of climate proxies such as ice cores, tree rings, stalagmites, and marine and lake sediments. Further, archaeologists and anthropologists are using novel techniques and methods to study the history of health and disease, as revealed through examination of bones and paleomolecular evidence. These possibilities open the way for historians to participate in a conversation about the long history of environmental change and human response. This essay considers how one of the most classic of all historical questions–the fall of the Roman Empire–can receive an answer enriched by new knowledge about the role of environmental change.

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GALMÉS, JERONI, MAXIM V. KAPRALOV, P. JOHN ANDRALOJC, MIQUEL À. CONESA, ALFRED J. KEYS, MARTIN A. J. PARRY, and JAUME FLEXAS. "Expanding knowledge of the Rubisco kinetics variability in plant species: environmental and evolutionary trends." Plant, Cell & Environment 37, no. 9 (May 11, 2014): 1989–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.12335.

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Kraus, Richard T., Helen Bontrager, Christopher S. Vandergoot, and Matthew D. Faust. "Expanding freshwater biologger studies to view fish as environmental sensing platforms." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 1 (2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21046.

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While recording fish habitat use by electronic sensors, biologgers can also be viewed as autonomous environmental monitoring systems with the organism as a vehicle. This dual perspective has provided novel results from marine ecosystems, but has not been applied to freshwater ecosystems. To understand limitations in fresh water, we evaluated miniature depth and temperature recorders as aquatic monitoring systems in a Laurentian Great Lake: Erie. As part of an acoustic telemetry study, biologgers were opportunistically implanted in a subsample of walleye Sander vitreus. Biologgers recorded temperature and depth at half-hour intervals for up to 1 year. Recaptures provided six biologgers for analysis of seasonal temperature patterns and lake stratification, key variables for understanding dimictic lakes. Depth-resolved temperature patterns showed close correspondence with independent weather buoy measurements. Because the buoy was deployed late in the season, biologger data provided improved estimates of the start of stratification, which had important implications for understanding development of hypoxia in the hypolimnion. Drawbacks to biologger data included imprecise knowledge of fish location and reliance on tag recoveries from the fishery. Optimistically, our results show how biologgers could be part of a monitoring approach that integrates limnological surveys with fisheries science.

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Gorzeń-Mitka, Iwona. "THE EVOLUTION OF RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE MAPS." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/10.33225/pmc/17.12.106.

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One of the leading trends in modern academic research is risk management. Over the years, the approach to risk management has changed and affected many different areas. This study aims to investigate changes in risk management and trends of risk management in the past 20 years. Risk management related publications from 1990 to 2016 were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. VOS viewer software was used to analyse the research trend. Literature growth related to risk management is expanding rapidly. Significantly more publications related to risk management aspects were collected in Scopus, compared to the Web of Science. Since 2005 is to be noted a significantly increasing interest in risk management problems (nearly 5300 publications by year in Scopus database). Risk management problems mainly appearing in publications related to the fields of Medicine and Engineering, Business, Management and Accounting, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Computer Science and Environmental Science. In Business, Management and Accounting a significant jump in the interest in the issues of risk management was noted in 2011. Recent studies focus on the enterprise risk management, environmental and industry management innovation in strong connection with risk assessment. The enterprise risk management associated with environmental and sustainable perspective may be the newest topics that should be closely followed in risk management research. Keywords: risk management, knowledge maps, network analysis.

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Grove, Jonathan Morgan, and Steward TA Pickett. "From transdisciplinary projects to platforms: expanding capacity and impact of land systems knowledge and decision making." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 38 (June 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.001.

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Wahyunengsih, Wahyunengsih, and Noni Mia Rahmawati. "EXPANDING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SENSE OF TOLERANCE ON “THE WORLD THROUGH ENGLISH TEXTBOOK”." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 9, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 372–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481.

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ABSTRACTCharacter education is needed to shape the students’ characters, one of which is the sense of being tolerant toward differences of cultures in societies around the world. Textbooks are suitable to introduce this value. This study is aimed to develop a primary school source of learning which significantly promotes the value of tolerance in the content. This textbook is aimed to introduce cultures from several parts of the world and stimulates the students' awareness of appreciating diversity. Plomp’s Model in 1997 research dan development (R&D) design is utilized in this present study. The finding shows the researchers can develop an English textbook entitled "The World through English". This book guides the students to enhance their knowledge and sense of tolerance into the level of warm tolerance according to the Interpersonal Tolerance Scale (IPTS) proposed by Thomae (2016). As a result, this study shows that the development of an English textbook with persuasive tolerance value is acceptable and easily comprehended by elementary school students.ABSTRAKPendidikan karakter diperlukan untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik, salah satunya adalah rasa toleran terhadap perbedaan budaya dalam masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Buku teks cocok untuk memperkenalkan nilai ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber belajar sekolah dasar yang secara signifikan mengedepankan nilai toleransi dalam muatannya. Buku ajar ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan budaya dari berbagai belahan dunia dan merangsang kesadaran siswa untuk menghargai keberagaman. Model Plomp pada tahun 1997 desain penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Temuan menunjukkan peneliti dapat mengembangkan buku teks bahasa Inggris berjudul "The World through English". Buku ini membimbing siswa untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan rasa toleransi ke tingkat toleransi hangat menurut Skala Toleransi Interpersonal (IPTS) yang diusulkan oleh Thomae (2016). Hasilnya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan buku teks bahasa Inggris dengan nilai toleransi persuasif dapat diterima dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa sekolah dasar.How to Cite: Wahyunengsih, Rahmawati, N. M.. (2022). Expanding Primary School Students’ Knowledge and Sense of Tolerance on “The World Through English Textbook”. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 372-395. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481

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Radchenko, Lyudmila K., and Gennady P. Martynov. "CARTOGRAPHIC ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COGNITION OF REALITY." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 4 (2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-4-83-93.

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A map is a means of knowing the territory, but the user’ cognitive activity, interest to maps and the readiness level are different. The levels of an experienced user who reads a map using their professional knowledge of the mapping object being studied, and a student who started studying a school subject and does not have any basic knowledge of the subject being studied. The article proposes a structural cognition model of the surrounding reality with the help of such a means of cognition as a map. Cognitive activity is carried out on the basis of sensory cognition, theoretical thinking and practi-cal activity. It occurs when a certain new phenomenon – a stimulus – appears, which, with the help of an orientation reflex, activates the child's interest in new means of cognition of the surrounding reality – the map. Cognitive activity involves subconsciousness, intelligence, and consciousness, which form new knowledge about the environment. The process of child’s cognitive activity can be controlled by an assistant (teacher, parent) or can take place independently. Knowledge about the region is proposed to be formed by using a cognitive model of the region, visualized by the cartographic method. Such a model contains a certain set of thematic layers, characterizing the region as a whole, from all sides of natural, socio-economic aspects. The cognitive model allows working with a separate topic, disclosed in a specific map and getting comprehensive knowledge about the region, thereby fulfilling the strategic objectives of the State Program for 2019-2030, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 27.03.2019 No. 337 "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation" to provide conditions for the development of "civil" science, expanding the access of citizens of the Russian Federation to scientific knowledge and participation in their acquisition.

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Kristiansen, Kristian. "Who is deterministic? On the nature of interdisciplinary research in archaeology." Archaeological Dialogues 26, no. 01 (June 2019): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203819000060.

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Arponen et al.’s paper is a timely discussion paper which raises basic issues about the relationship between environmental science and archaeology, and thus about the relationship between science and archaeology more broadly. My comments will therefore begin with a discussion of the nature of interdisciplinary research, as a background for re-evaluating the question of determinism in environmental research. Thus more recently we have seen a critical concern or even anxiety emerge over how to reconcile science-based and humanistic traditions of interpretation in a period of expanding importance of science-based knowledge in aDNA studies (Callaway 2018; Sørensen 2017; Kristiansen 2017). It raises the question of their relationship and of what provides good practice.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences"

Farnung, Caitlin M. "Understanding the Challenges of Expanding Community Forestry in Northwest Cameroon." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2011.

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The tropical afro-montane forest of the Northwest region is unique and under direct threat from the high population density of the region. Community-based forestry management is an opportunity to sustainably manage the remaining forest fragments. Community forestry was introduced to Cameroon with the legislation of the 1994 Forestry Law. Over two decades later little research has been conducted in the Northwest region of Cameroon. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted, and samples of forestry records were analyzed as exploratory research that would act as a base for further research. This research found that the tenure of the community over the community forest needed to be strengthened, marginalized populations needed to be empowered to participate, and governance needed to be improved both nationally, and locally. Further research will strengthen these conclusions and help Cameroon, and community forests around the world, be effectively established and managed.

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Liss, Katie. "Expanding the use of the ecosystem services framework in applied settings: challenges and solutions for quantifying ecosystem services." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114585.

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Quantification of ecosystem services (ES) – the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems – can be valuable for managing multifunctional landscapes and promoting practical conservation measures. However, despite extensive academic attention, actual implementation of ES assessment for management has been limited. Consistent measurement methods and accurate modeling tools are crucial to support successful ES-informed management strategies and ensure the confidence of managers and policy makers in the ES framework. In this thesis, I present two major impediments to ES operationalization, and propose measures to mitigate them. First, a case study reviewing the methods used to measure pollination ecosystem services highlights the extreme variability in approaches to quantifying a single ES. Across 121 studies, 62 unique combinations of indicators were used, suggesting that no accepted conventions or standards are directing indicator selection. This lack of consistency impairs our ability to compare results across studies, and may lead to ineffective ES-based management. In addition to issues associated with ES indicators, quantification using ES models can also be problematic. The models most often used to estimate ES use landuse/landcover (LULC) datasets as their primary inputs, and rely on information about the LULC composition, characterizing the type and amount of each LULC class, without regard for the spatial distribution of the LULC classes. Projections based primarily on composition, however, have been shown to poorly represent service provision. Estimates derived from composition neglect the critical role of landscape configuration (spatial arrangement of LULC types) in the flow and quality of benefits, assuming that two equally sized units of a given LULC type produce the same magnitude of each service, regardless of characteristics such as shape or connectivity with other similar patches. To investigate the relative importance of these spatial attributes in the relationship between LULC and ES provision, I calculated landscape metrics characterizing both landscape configuration and composition, along with provision of 10 ES for 136 municipalities in Southern Quebec. I used structural equation models to combine statistical relationships with hypothesized causal pathways and identify mechanisms and interactions responsible for observed relationships. The proportion of all model-explained variation that was attributable to configuration exceeded that of composition for seven of ten ES. The higher relative influence of configuration suggests that models incorporating LULC information beyond composition can provide more reliable projections to contribute to management and policy decisions. Since landscape configuration can be manipulated independent of changes in composition, ES models that incorporate configuration can be used both to more accurately quantify ES provision and to identify scenarios that minimize environmental impacts of LULC change, simply by altering the spatial pattern of planned changes in land use. The ES framework has potential to support more efficient and effective environmental management. However, in order to move forward within this rapidly growing field and make ES practical for use in management, it is critical to adopt strategies to properly measure and model ES, such as those proposed in this thesis.
La quantification des services écologiques (SE), définie comme les avantages que les gens tirent des écosystèmes, peut être utile pour la gestion des paysages multifonctionnels ainsi que pour promouvoir des mesures pratiques de conservation des écosystèmes. Toutefois, en dépit de l'attention des universitaires, une mise en œuvre efficace de l'évaluation des SE, dans le cadre de la gestion sur le terrain, a été limitée. Des méthodes de mesure cohérentes et des outils de modélisation précis sont essentiels pour favoriser l'implémentation des stratégies de gestions informées par les SE et pour s'assurer de la confiance des gestionnaires et des politiciens dans l'utilité du concept des SE. Dans cette thèse, je présente deux obstacles majeurs à l'opérationnalisation des SE et je propose des mesures pour atténuer ces obstacles. Tout d'abord, je présente une étude de cas sur les méthodes utilisées pour mesurer le service écosystémique de pollinisation dans la littérature. Cette étude souligne l'extrême variabilité dans les approches de quantification d'un seul SE. À travers les 121 études, 62 combinaisons uniques d'indicateurs ont été utilisées, ce qui suggère qu'il n'y a pas de conventions acceptées ou de normes pour diriger la sélection des indicateurs. Ce manque de cohérence nuit à notre capacité de comparer les résultats entre les études, et peut conduire à une gestion inefficace basée sur les SE. Deuxièmement, la quantification utilisant des modèles de SE peut également être problématique. Les modèles les plus souvent utilisés pour estimer les SE proviennent des bases de données sur l'utilisation actuelle des terres/le couvert terrestre (UT/CT) comme entrée de données primaires, et s'appuient sur des informations sur la composition UT/UC, caractérisant le type et la quantité de chaque classe UT/UC, sans égard à la répartition spatiale des classes de UT/UC. Cependant, il a déjà été démontré que les projections fondées principalement sur la composition représentent mal la provision de SE. Les estimations basées sur la composition du paysage néglige le rôle critique de la configuration du paysage (l'arrangement spatial des classes de UT/UC) dans le flux et la qualité des prestations de SE, car les estimations supposent que deux unités de même taille, d'un type d'UT/UC donné, produisent le même ordre de grandeur de chaque service. Afin d'évaluer l'importance relative de ces deux attributs spatiaux sur la relation entre la UT/UC et la provision de SE, j'ai calculé des métriques paysagères qui caractérisent à la fois la composition et la configuration du paysage, de même que la fourniture de 10 SE pour 136 municipalités du sud de la province du Québec. J'ai utilisé des modèles d'équations pour d'identifier les mécanismes et les interactions responsables des relations observées. La proportion de la variation expliquée par les modèles est plus attribuable à la configuration qu'à la composition dans sept des dix modèles de SE. L'influence relativement plus élevée de la configuration suggère que les modèles incorporant des informations au-delà de la composition de l'UT/UC peuvent fournir des prévisions plus fiables pour contribuer aux décisions de gestion. Parce que la configuration du paysage peut être manipulée indépendamment des changements dans la composition, les modèles de SE qui intègrent la configuration peuvent être utilisés à la fois pour quantifier avec précision la provision de SE et pour identifier des scénarios qui minimisent les impacts environnementaux du changement d'UT/UC simplement en modifiant la répartition spatiale des changements prévus à travers le paysage. Le concept des SE a le potentiel de contribuer à une gestion environnementale plus efficace. Afin d'aller de l'avant dans ce domaine en pleine expansion et faire des SE un concept pratique dans la gestion, il est essentiel d'adopter des stratégies qui mesurent et créent des modèles de SE adéquats, telles que celles proposées dans cette thèse.

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Gardner, Charlie J. "Reconciling conservation and development in Madagascar's rapidly-expanding protected area system." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/48581/.

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The creation and management of protected areas is our principal approach to conserving biodiversity worldwide. Management and governance models for these diverse institutions have become more pluralistic in recent decades, moving away from the traditional exclusionary protected area model that has proliferated historically. Indeed, most new protected areas are being established for ‘multiple-use’ and, therefore, permit a range of human livelihood activities to occur within their boundaries. However, we know little about how such sites can be effectively managed. In this thesis, I use an interdisciplinary mixed-methods approach to investigate the implementation of new multiple-use protected areas in Madagascar. Madagascar is a global conservation priority characterised by high levels of endemism, and has a largely forest-dependent biota. Since most of the human population is rural and dependent on natural resources for subsistence and income to differing extents, the expanded protected area system is managed for both conservation and socioeconomic goals (poverty alleviation and development). However, these objectives may be conflicting since human resource use can be a significant driver of biodiversity loss. I begin by examining trends in new protected area establishment at the nationwide-level to generate insights into protected area categorisation, and the role of natural resources and protected areas in poverty alleviation. I then consider the impacts of forest use on biodiversity, through a literature review and empirical study of bird and reptile communities across a degradation gradient. The findings indicate that habitat change arising from forest use may impact the high-value, endemic component of the fauna most negatively. In addition, I develop a simple index to enumerate the conservation value of different species. This is then used to determine how degradation influences the conservation value of exploited habitats, as well as assessing if the index is a suitable tool that can be used to prioritise conservation investment across a portfolio of sites. Finally, I seek to understand the drivers of natural resource use by rural communities within the Ranobe PK32 protected area, and discover that both bushmeat hunting and charcoal production are fallback activities or supplements to other livelihoods. The evidence collated in the thesis, derived from both ecological and social perspectives, suggests that managing new protected areas in Madagascar for conservation and development is overambitious, and that, at least in forest areas, management cannot be optimised towards both goals simultaneously.

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Grover, David. "Knowledge in pollution-saving technological change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/517/.

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This thesis looks at the role that technical knowledge plays in the transition in industry away from pollution-intensive production methods. It uses econometric techniques and qualitative analysis to test three aspects of the relationship between knowledge and pollution-saving technological change-related outcomes, all in the context of US industry, and all with respect to conventional pollutants. The first paper observes that the level of industrial environmental R&D spending steadily declined from the late 1970s onward. Employing an estimation model with industry fixed effects, the hypothesis is tested that this decline was the result of the conditioning effect of greater flexibility in the design of the environmental policy on the environmental regulatory burden born by industry. The second paper investigates the sources of the change in SO2 intensity of electricity production undergone by electric power plants under the SO2 cap and trade program. Mixed methods including quantile regression are used to compare the effect of frontier technical knowledge on the extent of change undergone, relative to the effect of knowledge un-intensive techniques. The third paper investigates why a small number of inventions aimed at controlling pollution from automobiles turned out to be so much more technologically influential than the great majority of comparable inventions, which exerted very little technological influence at all. Negative binomial regression is used to test the effect of the composition of the stock of knowledge that the automobile companies brought to bear on the inventive process. These studies find that pollution-saving technological change is characterised more by the repurposing and adaptation of existing knowledge and by the churn among existing technologies, than by universal technological advance in dedicated environmental technologies. The implications for climate mitigation policy are discussed in the conclusions.

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Gutto, Bassett Priscilla Pambana. "Handcraft and Environmental Knowledge: Mapuche Women Weavers." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/146.

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Beginning in a small informal collective of Mapuche women weavers in Puerto Saavedra, Chile, I explore how ecological knowledge has survived through textile handcraft, passed down from mother to daughter . Through analysis of interviews and observations with the women as weavers , I reflect on the importance of centering Indigenous women's knowledge, systematically excluded from the environmental cannon. The weavers maintain and shape traditions that have survived colonization and its disruption of Indigenous access to land and ways of living. They produce and transmit environmental knowledge on which they depend for subsistence and cultural expression. Using ecofeminism as a framework, I argue that the Mapuche women weavers' knowledge is counternarrative and expert knowledge. Through these stories told by hand and through oral story-telling it becomes clear that it is not enough to simply celebrate their beautiful craft and sustainable ways of interacting with the more-than-human environment; it is essential, also, to engage in activist work towards environmental and social justice.

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DuCoff, David. "Recycling: Knowledge, Demographic & Motivational Factors Which Differentiate Behavior." TopSCHOLAR®, 1991. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2287.

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This study focuses on motivation -Involved in recycling behavior among residents of Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. Knowledge of recycling and how it was acquired, and the variables of environmental concern, economic incentive and the peer pressure were compared so that behavior could be distinguished that separated recyclers from nonrecyclers. Talcott Parsons' work in action theory and George Homans' work in exchange theory provide the theoretical foundation for my study. The research was approached in a qualitatively based design with interviews of twenty area residents. Demographic factors of age, sex, religious affiliation, church attendance, education and income of respondents were solicited. In addition to interviews, I administered a demographic survey. Recycling behavior was correlated positively with older age, convenience, female sex, higher levels of education, higher income, affiliation with liberal church denominations, and urban residence. It was negativley correlated with church attendance. Recyclers were better informed about environmental topics, especially those pertaining to recycling. Peer pressure was shown to have a positive effect on recyclers and recycling behavior. Recyclers were concerned about the quality of their environment, while nonrecyclers felt that the quality of the local environment was above average.

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Figus, Elizabeth Carroll. "Using Local Knowledge to Inform Commercial Fisheries Science and Management in Poland and Alaska." Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10747800.

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Science and decision making in commercial fisheries management take place in the context of uncertainty. This research demonstrates ways that local knowledge held by fishermen can be used to mitigate that uncertainty. This dissertation documents local knowledge of fishermen in Poland and Alaska, and contributes to the development of methods for utilizing that local knowledge in commercial fisheries management. Specific case study examples were developed through exploratory interviews with fishermen in the two study regions. Interviews were conducted with Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) fishermen in Poland and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) fishermen in Alaska. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze local knowledge about ecosystems, as well as preferences held by fishermen about regulations. Cultural consensus analysis was used to quantify agreement among fishermen in Poland about the abundance and condition of cod, and generalized additive modeling was used to show how fishermen and scientists attributed different causes to similar observed phenomena. Multiple factor analysis and logistic regression were used to demonstrate how fishing characteristics influence encounters with incidental catch in the commercial fishery for halibut in Southeast Alaska. Finally, an analytic hierarchy process model was used to shed light on preferences halibut fishermen have about data collection methods on their vessels. All findings show how the inclusion of fishermen’s local knowledge in fisheries management need not be limited to informal conversations or public testimony at meetings in order to be meaningfully interpretable by managers.

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Sharman, Amelia. "Climate change as a knowledge controversy : investigating debates over science and policy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3239/.

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Understanding climate change as a knowledge controversy, this thesis provides new insights into the form, value and impact of the climate change debate on science and policy processes. Based on 99 interviews in New Zealand and the United Kingdom as well as social network analysis, it provides an original contribution to knowledge by identifying previously unknown sites of knowledge contestation within the climate change debate, in addition to contributory factors, and potential solutions to, debate polarisation. It also addresses a fundamental gap in the literature regarding the impact of controversy on the production of scientific knowledge and policy decision-making. This thesis comprises five standalone papers (Chapters 2-6) which together explore climate change as a knowledge controversy using frameworks from science and technology studies, sociology and geography. Chapter 2 finds that the most central blogs within the climate sceptical blogosphere predominantly focus on the scientific element of the climate debate. It argues that by acting as an alternative public site of expertise, the blogosphere may be playing a central role in perpetuating doubt regarding the scientific basis for climate change policymaking. Chapter 3 suggests that the binary and dualistic format of labels used within the climate debate such as “denier” or “alarmist” contribute towards polarisation by reducing possibilities for constructive dialogue. Chapter 4 investigates rationales for debate participation and argues that identifying and emphasising commonalities between previously polarised individuals may serve to reduce antagonism within the climate change debate. Chapter 5 investigates the impact of controversy on the production of scientific knowledge and finds that climate scientists identify substantial impacts on their agency as scientists, but not on scientific practice. It argues that this distinction indicates that boundarymaking may be understood as a more active and explicit process under conditions of controversy. Finally, Chapter 6 introduces the concept of post-decisional logics of inaction, emphasising the role of place in determining the influence of controversial knowledge claims on climate change policymaking. These findings make explicit the underlying politics of knowledge inherent within the climate change debate, and emphasise the need for a more attentive consideration of the role of knowledge, place and performativity in contested science and policy environments.

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Lee, Jeongseok. "Knowledge management in preserving ecosystems the case of Seoul /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380098.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 13, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4849. Adviser: Robert Agranoff.

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McElroy, Charles Patrick. "HOW ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES BUILD INTERDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE CLAIMS: CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE AFFORDANCES UNDER CONFLICTING INSTITUTIONAL LOGICS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1493172605970172.

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Books on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences"

Justus, Gallati, ed. Environmental literacy in science and society: From knowledge to decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Gregg, Mitman, Murphy Michelle, and Sellers Christopher C, eds. Landscapes of exposure: Knowledge and illness in modern environments. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

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International Conference "Informatics for Environmental Protection" (20th 2006 Graz, Austria). EnviroInfo 2006: Managing environmental knowledge : proceedings of the 20th International Conference "Informatics for Environmental Protection", Graz (Austria). Aachen: Shaker, 2006.

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Agnès, Sinaï, Bourgain Catherine, and Fondation Sciences citoyennes, eds. Labo planète, ou, Comment 2030 se prépare sans les citoyens. Paris: Mille et une nuits, 2010.

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Testart, Jacques. Labo planète, ou, Comment 2030 se prépare sans les citoyens. Paris: Mille et une nuits, 2010.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Mountains: Sources of Water, Sources of Knowledge. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.

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1956-, Reid Walter V., and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Program), eds. Bridging scales and knowledge systems: Concepts and applications in ecosystem assessment. Washington, D.C: Island Press, 2006.

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Sacred ecology: Traditional ecological knowledge and resource management. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis, 1999.

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Blum, Nicole. Education, Community Engagement and Sustainable Development: Negotiating Environmental Knowledge in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Lakshmanan, Valliappa. Automating the Analysis of Spatial Grids: A Practical Guide to Data Mining Geospatial Images for Human & Environmental Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences"

Felt, Larry. "“It All Depends on the Lens, B’y”1: Local Ecological Knowledge and Institutional Science in an Expanding Finfish Aquaculture Sector." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 167–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8835-3_11.

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Palavitsinis, Nikos, and Nikos Manouselis. "A Survey of Knowledge Organization Systems in Environmental Sciences." In Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering, 505–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88351-7_38.

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Mansilla-Quiñones, Pablo, Hermann Manríquez, and Andrés Moreira-Muñoz. "Virtual Heritage: A Model of Participatory Knowledge Construction Toward Biogeocultural Heritage Conservation." In Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, 75–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4956-4_5.

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de Moura, Mirella Nazareth, and Miguel Fernandes Felippe. "Hydrogeomorphology of Brazilian Springs: Between Diversity and Lack of Knowledge." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 99–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05178-4_6.

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Swayne, D. A., and D. C. L. Lam. "The Use of Knowledge-Based Systems in Environmental Sciences: Some Practical Reflections." In Informatik für den Umweltschutz, 211–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78104-9_21.

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Cramer, Jacqueline, Ron Eyerman, and Andrew Jamison. "The Knowledge Interests of the Environmental Movement and its Potential for Influencing the Development of Science." In The Social Direction of the Public Sciences, 89–115. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3755-0_4.

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Gott, James, Rolf Morgenstern, and Maja Turnšek. "Aquaponics for the Anthropocene: Towards a ‘Sustainability First’ Agenda." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 393–432. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_16.

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Abstract‘The Anthropocene’ has emerged as a unique moment in earth history where humanity recognises its devastating capacity to destabilise the planetary processes upon which it depends. Modern agriculture plays a central role in this problematic. Food production innovations are needed that exceed traditional paradigms of the Green Revolution whilst at the same time are able to acknowledge the complexity arising from the sustainability and food security issues that mark our times. Aquaponics is one technological innovation that promises to contribute much towards these imperatives. But this emergent field is in an early stage that is characterised by limited resources, market uncertainty, institutional resistance and high risks of failure—a developmental environment where hype prevails over demonstrated outcomes. Given this situation, the aquaponics research community potentially holds an important place in the development path of this technology. But the field needs to craft a coherent and viable vision for this technology that can move beyond misplaced techno-optimist accounts. Turning to sustainability science and STS research, we discuss the urgent need to develop what we call a ‘critical sustainability knowledge’ for aquaponics, giving pointers for possible ways forward, which include (1) expanding aquaponic research into an interdisciplinary research domain, (2) opening research up to participatory approaches in real-world contexts and (3) pursuing a solution-oriented approach for sustainability and food security outcomes.

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Conruyt, Noel, and David Grosser. "Knowledge Management in Environmental Sciences with $$ \mathcal{I}\mathcal{K}\mathcal{B}\mathcal{S}: $$ : Application to Systematics of Corals of the Mascarene Archipelago." In Selected Contributions in Data Analysis and Classification, 333–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73560-1_31.

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Ramirez Aranda, Nohemi, and Rubén Vezzoni. "Technology as a Tool for Environmental Engagement. The Case of Digital Participatory Mapping (DPM)." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 417–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_14.

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AbstractThe conservativeness of traditional scientific methods, which nevertheless still tend to dominate much of the (social) sustainability sciences, is challenged by technological progress when untested tools of research are proposed as innovative scientific methods. This is the case of online platforms. The knowledge creation process in the digital era, including forms of research communication, can be profoundly different from traditional research methods. We already know how digital tools may influence the performance of research methods, mainly by maximizing the efficiency of data collection and elaboration. However, the original and collaborative practices in which they can develop, as well as their possibilities towards more democratic and inclusive participation processes, remain an unexplored domain. This chapter is an attempt to include digital technologies, and particularly the case of online participatory platforms based on geographic information systems (GIS), in the array of creative and visual research methods.We discuss software packages and current online approaches, such as web apps and native apps (Klettner & Huang, 2011, Scholte et al., 2018). The exploration of the innovative opportunities offered by digital tools starts with a concise review of their application from an historical perspective and its progression until recent times. The review focuses mostly on the options that digital platforms offer to involve citizens in the co-creation of research studies by enabling peer-to-peer environments that may inspire democratic discussions. The adoption of different types of online platforms is then discussed, not only presenting their virtues but also their downsides. This takes the form of an open discussion between the two authors, informed by each critically reflecting on their first-hand practical experiences in adopting digital tools in their research.We are entering a new era, in which access to big data—through platforms using GIS—provides resources and power to bring to the table the silent majority that is often overlooked in decision-making processes. The many possibilities offered by this unprecedented access to information are yet to be tested. Whether digital platforms will turn out to be a solution for improving the inclusiveness of research studies or not will likely depend on the consciousness and motivations of the designers and developers of these tools.

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Zolyomi, Agnes. "How to Make Policy-Makers Care about “Wicked Problems” such as Biodiversity Loss?—The Case of a Policy Campaign." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 527–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_17.

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AbstractPolicy-makers define our lives to a great extent, and are therefore the people everybody wants to talk to. They receive hundreds of messages in various forms day-by-day with the aim of making them decide for or against something. They are in an especially difficult situation as regards the so-called “wicked” or “diffuse” problems such as climate change and biodiversity loss (Millner and Olivier, 2015; Sharman and Mlambo, 2012; Zaccai and Adams, 2012). These problems are limitedly tackled at the policy level despite their major socio-economic and environmental implications, which is often explained by their complexity with a sense of remoteness of effects (Cardinale et al., 2012; WWF, 2018). Communicating advocacy or scientific messages of biodiversity is therefore both a challenge and an under-researched topic (Bekessy et al., 2018; Posner et al., 2016; Primmer et al., 2015; Wright et al., 2017), where both social and natural sciences and both scientists and practitioners are needed to contribute (Ainscough et al., 2019). In order to be successful in delivering messages, communication not only needs to be self-explanatory and easy to consume but novel as well. It additionally helps if the message arrives in a more extraordinary format to draw even more attention. Based on experiences drawn from a conservation and advocacy NGO’s work, this chapter will divulge various socio-economic theories about creative methods, communication, and influencing decision-makers through a campaign fighting for the preservation of key nature legislation. It will be demonstrated how different EU policy-makers, including representatives of the European Commission and Members of the European Parliament, the general public, and other stakeholders, were addressed with various messages and tools (e.g., short films, social media campaigns, fact sheets, involvement of champions). In addition to other key factors such as public support, knowledge of the target audience and political context, the probable impacts and limitations of these messages will also be elaborated. The relevance to the integration and employment of better socio-economic theories into improving communication is straightforward. It is crucial to tailor-make future advocacy work of “wicked problems” such as biodiversity loss and climate change, since these are not usually backed up by major lobby forces and are, therefore, financed inadequately compared to their significance. Understanding the way in which policy-makers pick up or omit certain messages, as well as what framing, methods and channels are the most effective in delivering them to the policy-makers, is pivotal for a more sustainable future.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences"

Tsai, Hsine-Jen, Les Miller, Ming Hua, Sree Nilakanta, and Meher Vani Bojja. "Expanding the Disaster Management Knowledge Space through Spatial Mediation." In 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2012.262.

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Croasdell, D. T., and Y. K. Wang. "Virtue-nets: toward a model for expanding knowledge networks." In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2004.1265594.

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Su, Baoru, and Yong Liu. "Function Knowledge Retrieval Based on Functions Knowledge Ontology." In 2nd International Conference on Civil, Materials and Environmental Sciences. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cmes-15.2015.163.

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Mai, Vanessa, Susanne Wolf, Paul Varney, Martin Bonnet, and Anja Richert. "DIGITAL ENGINEERING: COMPETENCE ACQUISITION AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AS AN OPEN CO-CREATION PROCESS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end090.

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Dealing with the increasingly complex interrelationships in companies, technologies and markets requires engineers to have a holistic, systemic understanding of digital change. Future engineers need future skills and must be able to react to ever faster changing technical requirements by independently expanding their knowledge, developing (technology-based) solution strategies as well as designing, evaluating and communicating these with regard to social, ecological and cultural aspects and requirements. In order to integrate these future skills into existing curricula, study programs must be designed in such a way that they are permeable to continuous and agile adaptation in relation to new knowledge and new technologies. This process can only succeed if universities see themselves as open learning systems that promote co-creation processes among all university stakeholders. The Faculty of Process Engineering, Energy and Mechanical Systems at TH Köln/University of Applied Sciences has recently recognized the resulting need for a transformation process in program development and has further developed the consecutive master's program "Mechanical Engineering/Smart Systems", in which agile learning environments and innovation spaces are created. However, the redesign and further development of modules is not enough. A holistic, systemic understanding in dealing with transformative technologies requires a cultural change in which lecturers and students shape the digital transformation on an equal footing. In a joint learning and research process, they iteratively and agilely test which competencies best prepare students for an increasingly digitalized workplace and which analog and virtual learning spaces this requires. As part of the project "Digital Engineering - Competence Acquisition for Mechanical Engineers in the Digital Age", the faculty is currently implementing the Technology Area, a measure whose aim is to accompany these digital transformation processes at the faculty and to provide lecturers and students with the necessary freedom to experiment with new technologies in teaching. Here, subject-specific teaching and research concepts for the use of new technologies are to be developed and tested together in a co-creation process. The first concepts developed in the Technology Area as well as other Best Practices from the faculty will be presented in the paper. These include the Mixed-Reality-Game FutureING, the Serious Game Worlds of Materials and the development of a StudiCoachBot. In order to promote co-creation processes within and outside the university, a Digitalization Conference was held in May as part of the project to present innovative and forward-looking innovations in engineering education. The reflection of all of the presented initiatives is structurally anchored and professionalized by the House of Excellence in Engineering Education.

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Shires, M. A., and M. S. Craig. "Expanding citizen access and public official accountability through knowledge creation technology: one recent development in e-democracy." In 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174321.

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Zhao, Zhiming, Xiaofeng Liao, Paul Martin, Jordan Maduro, Peter Thijsse, Dick Schaap, Markus Stocker, Doron Goldfarb, and Barbara Magagna. "Knowledge-as-a-Service: A Community Knowledge Base for Research Infrastructures in Environmental and Earth Sciences." In 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/services.2019.00041.

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Sukawati, Tjokorda Gde Raka, I. Putu Astawa, Ni Putu Wiwiek Ary Susyarini, and Ida Ayu Ketut Sumawidari. "Environmental Knowledge and Consumer Intention to Visit Green Tourism Village." In Proceedings of the International Conference On Applied Science and Technology 2019 - Social Sciences Track (iCASTSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icastss-19.2019.35.

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Skyrius, Rimvydas. "Business Decision Making." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2368.

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Significant recent research in the decision support area has been concentrating on the human side of the person-technology relation. Knowledge, perceptions, beliefs and experiences have been researched in a number of works. The author has used individual interviews with business decision makers to find out their attitudes towards factors influencing the quality of business decisions. The issues discussed included features of actual right and wrong decisions, role of information sources and analytical tools, factors influencing creativity, and the role of information technology. The findings have shown that in the decision making process, available knowledge is used and new knowledge is created, and these processes are preferred to be supported by simple yet efficient support tools. The information environment surrounding business activities is getting increasingly complex. The important reasons for this complexity are: growing volumes of information of potential relevance to certain business activities; increasing number of sources of such information; and multiplying technologies for handling data and information. This is particularly true for decision making which has to encompass all relevant data, information and decision maker's knowledge to make quality decisions. Alongside with technologies for handling data and information, lately much attention has been given to knowledge management (KM) models and relations between data, information and knowledge. In knowledge-intensive activities, such as decision support, these relationships are important in terms of efficient utilisation of information resources, and especially those supported and facilitated by IT with its present capabilities. The aim of this paper is to take a look at the relations between data, information and knowledge in the context of managerial decision making, and professional learning and experience. These issues are discussed on the basis of surveys and interviews, conducted among small and medium enterprise (SME) decision makers in Lithuania in 1997-1999. The key questions of the survey have been: how important IT has become for management activities, regarding in the first place decision support, and how does it affect creativity and knowledge development. The synergy between technology and the user has been recognized to work in the areas such as using existing experiences and creating new ones on a problem and decision; working out the decision schema; stimulating creativity; capturing the details and specifics of the decision process for further uses. While IT is and can be efficiently used to manage data and information, the actual use of what is in decision support environment sometimes called stored knowledge - preprogrammed procedures for certain types of situations, sets of models, reusable queries - is rather limited. Instead, the survey has shown that decision makers prefer relatively simple tools and techniques that allow them to perform iterative buildup of decision support points towards a sufficient set to make a decision. Under a problem situation, existing practices are repeatedly tested. In the process, new associations and mental models may appear, expanding existing knowledge as well as creating new knowledge. The responses have shown that the presence of simple yet efficient decision support tools is welcome by the decision makers as having a potential to gain more with less - to provide more confidence and insurance from fatal decision mistakes, at the same time reducing the need to do extensive training, radically change existing beliefs or invest heavily into sophisticated technologies. In addition, such tools serve as support for managerial learning process and knowledge exchange, especially in the process of creativity stimulation where analogies, real-life and hypothetical situations, brainstorming and bias elimination techniques are used.

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"Knowledge Assessment of the Effect of Environmental Contaminants on Reproductive Health in Jigawa Rural Communities, Nigeria." In International Conference on Chemical, Environment & Biological Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c914142.

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Penman, Joy, and Kerre A Willsher. "New Horizons for Immigrant Nurses Through a Mental Health Self-Management Program: A Pre- and Post-Test Mixed-Method Approach." In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4759.

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Aim/Purpose: This research paper reports on the evaluation of a mental health self-management program provided to immigrant nurses working at various rural South Australian aged care services. Background: The residential aged care staffing crisis is severe in rural areas. To improve immigrant nurses’ employment experiences, a mental health self-management program was developed and conducted in rural and regional health care services in South Australia. Methodology: A mixed approach of pre- and post-surveys and post workshop focus groups was utilized with the objectives of exploring the experiences of 25 immigrant nurses and the impact of the mental health program. Feminist standpoint theory was used to interpret the qualitative data. Contribution: A new learning environment was created for immigrant nurses to learn about the theory and practice of maintaining and promoting mental health. Findings: Statistical tests showed a marked difference in responses before and after the intervention, especially regarding knowledge of mental health. The results of this study indicated that a change in thinking was triggered, followed by a change in behaviour enabling participants to undertake self-management strategies. Recommendations for Practitioners: Include expanding the workshops to cover more health care practitioners. Recommendations for Researchers: Feminist researchers must actively listen and examine their own beliefs and those of others to create knowledge. Extending the program to metropolitan areas and examining differences in data. E technology such as zoom, skype or virtual classrooms could be used. Impact on Society: The new awareness and knowledge would be beneficial in the family and community because issues at work can impact on the ability to care for the family, and there are often problems around family separation. Future Research: Extending the research to include men and staff of metropolitan aged care facilities.

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Reports on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences"

Voisin, Nathalie, Andrew Bennett, Yilin Fang, Grey Nearing, Bart Nijssen, and Yuhan Rao. A science paradigm shift is needed for Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences (EESS) to integrate Knowledge-Guided Artificial Intelligence (KGAI) and lead new EESS-KGAI theories. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769651.

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Taylor, Karen, Emily Moynihan, and Information Technology Laboratory (U S. ). Information Science and Knowledge Management Branch. The Forefront : A Review of ERDC Publications, Spring 2021. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40902.

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The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is the premier civil works engineering and environmental sciences research and development arm of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). As such, it partners with the Army, Department of Defense (DoD), federal agencies, and civilian organizations to help solve our Nation’s most challenging problems in civil and military engineering, geospatial sciences, water resources, and environmental sciences. A special government knowledge center, ERDC Information Technology Laboratory’s Information Science and Knowledge Management (ISKM) Branch is critical to ERDC’s mission, fulfilling research requirements by offering a variety of editing and library services to advance the creation, dissemination, and curation of ERDC and USACE research knowledge. Serving as the publishing authority for the ERDC, ISKM publishes all ERDC technical publications to the Digital Repository Knowledge Core, sends a copy to the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) and creates a press release about each publication on the ERDC website. The Forefront seeks to provide an additional mechanism for highlighting some of our technical publications to the ERDC, USACE, Army, and DoD communities. This publication also encourages those outside ERDC to contact us about using ERDC editing services. For more information regarding the reports highlighted in this publications or others that ERDC researchers’ have created, please contact the ISKM virtual reference desk at erdclibrary@ask-a-librarian.info or visit the ISKM’s online repository, Knowledge Core, at https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/ .

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Iatsyshyn, Andrii, Anna Iatsyshyn, Valeriia Kovach, Iryna Zinovieva, Volodymyr Artemchuk, Oleksandr Popov, Olha Cholyshkina, Oleksandr Radchenko, Oksana Radchenko, and Anastasiia Turevych. Application of Open and Specialized Geoinformation Systems for Computer Modelling Studying by Students and PhD Students. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4460.

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The article contains research on use of open and specialized geoinformation systems to prepare students and postgraduates on specialties: 101 “Environmental Sciences”, 103 “Earth Sciences”, 122 “Computer Sciences”, 183 “Environmental Technologies”. Analysis of the most common world open geoinformation systems is done. Experience of geoinformation systems use for students and postgraduates teaching for different specialties is described. Predominant orientation towards the use of geoinformation systems in educational process is determined based on the analysis of scientific publications and curricula of the most popular Ukrainian universities. According to the authors the material that is given narrows knowledge and skills of students and postgraduates, particularly in computer modeling. It is concluded that ability of students and postgraduates to use geoinformation systems is interdisciplinary. In particular, it develops knowledge and skills in computer modeling of various processes that may arise in the further professional activity. Examples of professional issues and ways to solve them using geoinformation systems are given. Recommendations are given on the use of open and specialized geoinformation systems in the educational process. It is recommended to use both proprietary (ArcGis, MapInfo) and open GIS (uDIG, QGIS, Whitebox GAT) to teach students. Open GIS (uDIG, QGIS, Whitebox GAT) and specialized (Modular GIS Environment, GEO + CAD, GeoniCS, AISEEM) can be used to teach both students and postgraduates.

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.

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Aryal, Jeetendra Prakash. Contribution of Agriculture to Climate Change and Low-Emission Agricultural Development in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/vaoy9373.

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The agriculture sector in Asia and the Pacific region contributes massively to climate change, as the region has the largest share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. The region is the largest producer of rice, a major source of methane emissions. Further, to achieve food security for the increasing population, there has been a massive increase in the use of synthetic fertilizer and energy in agricultural production in the region over the last few decades. This has led to an enormous rise in nitrous oxide (N2O; mostly from fertilizer-N use) and carbon dioxide (mostly from energy use for irrigation) emissions from agriculture. Besides this, a substantial increase in livestock production for meat and dairy products has increased methane emissions, along with other environmental problems. In this context, this study conducts a systematic review of strategies that can reduce emissions from the agriculture sector using a multidimensional approach, looking at supply-side, demand-side, and cross-cutting measures. The review found that though there are huge potentials to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, significant challenges exist in monitoring and verification of GHG emissions from supply-side measures, shifting to sustainable consumption behavior with regard to food consumption and use, and the design and implementation of regulatory and incentive mechanisms. On the supply side, policies should focus on the upscaling of climate-smart agriculture primarily through expanding knowledge and improving input use efficiency in agriculture, while on the demand side, there is a need to launch a drive to reduce food loss and waste and also to move towards sustainable consumption. Therefore, appropriate integration of policies at multiple levels, as well as application of multiple measures simultaneously, can increase mitigation potential as desired by the Paris Agreement and also help to achieve several of the United Nations’ SDGs.

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Aryal, Jeetendra P. Contribution of Agriculture to Climate Change and Low-Emission Agricultural Development in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/wdbc4659.

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The agriculture sector in the Asia and Pacific region contributes massively to climate change, as the region has the largest share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. The region is the largest producer of rice, a major source of methane emissions. Further, to achieve food security for the increasing population, there has been a massive increase in the use of synthetic fertilizer and energy in agricultural production in the region over the last few decades. This has led to an enormous rise in nitrous oxide (N2O) (mostly from fertilizer-N use) and carbon dioxide (mostly from energy use for irrigation) emissions from agriculture. Besides this, a substantial increase in livestock production for meat and dairy products has increased methane emissions, along with other environmental problems. In this context, we conduct a systematic review of strategies that can reduce emissions from the agriculture sector using a multidimensional approach, looking at supply-side, demand-side, and cross-cutting measures. The review found that though there is a huge potential to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, significant challenges exist in monitoring and verification of GHG emissions from supply-side measures, shifting to sustainable consumption behavior with regard to food consumption and use, and the design and implementation of regulatory and incentive mechanisms. On the supply side, policies should focus on the upscaling of climate-smart agriculture primarily through expanding knowledge and improving input use efficiency in agriculture, while on the demand side, there is a need to launch a drive to reduce food loss and waste and also to move toward sustainable consumption. Therefore, appropriate integration of policies at multiple levels, as well as application of multiple measures simultaneously, can increase mitigation potential as desired by the Paris Agreement and also help to achieve several of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

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Meadow, Alison, and Gigi Owen. Planning and Evaluating the Societal Impacts of Climate Change Research Projects: A guidebook for natural and physical scientists looking to make a difference. The University of Arizona, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/10150.658313.

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As scientists, we aim to generate new knowledge and insights about the world around us. We often measure the impacts of our research by how many times our colleagues reference our work, an indicator that our research has contributed something new and important to our field of study. But how does our research contribute to solving the complex societal and environmental challenges facing our communities and our planet? The goal of this guidebook is to illuminate the path toward greater societal impact, with a particular focus on this work within the natural and physical sciences. We were inspired to create this guidebook after spending a collective 20+ years working in programs dedicated to moving climate science into action. We have seen firsthand how challenging and rewarding the work is. We’ve also seen that this applied, engaged work often goes unrecognized and unrewarded in academia. Projects and programs struggle with the expectation of connecting science with decision making because the skills necessary for this work aren’t taught as part of standard academic training. While this guidebook cannot close all of the gaps between climate science and decision making, we hope it provides our community of impact-driven climate scientists with new perspectives and tools. The guidebook offers tested and proven approaches for planning projects that optimize engagement with societal partners, for identifying new ways of impacting the world beyond academia, and for developing the skills to assess and communicate these impacts to multiple audiences including the general public, colleagues, and elected leaders.

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Wolf, Eva. Chemikalienmanagement in der textilen Lieferkette. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627987.

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The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 set the goal of minimising the adverse impacts of chemicals and waste by 2020. This goal has not been achieved yet. Therefore, other approaches are needed to prevent, minimise, or replace harmful substances. One possible approach is this master thesis which deals with the challenges that the textile importer DELTEX is facing with regard to a transparent communication of chemicals used and contained in the product in its supply chain. DELTEX is bound by legal regulations and requirements of its customer and must ensure that there are no harmful substances in the garments. For each order, the customer requires a chemical inventory from DELTEX which contains the chemical substances and formulations used (so-called "order-wise chemical inventory"). Currently, the suppliers are not willing to pass this on to DELTEX. As a result, DELTEX is faced with the problem of having no knowledge of the materials used in the garments and is thus taking a high risk. The structure of this study is based on the transdisciplinary "delta analysis" of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt. This compares the target state with the actual state and derives a delta from the difference. Based on this, suitable design options are to be developed to close the delta. The study defines the target state on the basis of normative requirements and derives three criteria from this, which can be used to measure design options. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, an online survey and literature research, it examines the current state. The analysis shows that the relevant actors are in an unfavourable incentive and barrier situation. The textile supply chain can be seen as a complex construct in which a whole series of production sites (often in developing and emerging countries where corruption and low environmental standards exist) carry out many processing steps. Chemicals are used at almost all stages of processing, some of which have harmful effects on people and the environment. At the same time, factory workers in the production countries are under enormous price and time pressure and often have insufficient know-how about chemical processes. DELTEX is dependent on its main customer and therefore has little room for price negotiations. To close this delta, the study formulates design options on macro, meso and micro levels and measures them against the developed criteria. None of the measures completely meets all the criteria, which is why a residual delta remains. The study concludes that not one, but rather a combination of several design options at all levels can achieve the target state. For DELTEX, an alliance with other textile importers, membership in the Fair Wear Foundation, strengthening the relationship with its suppliers and cooperation with another customer are recommended. Furthermore, the use of material data tools that support proactive reporting approaches such as a Full Material Declaration is recommended. The study is carried out from the perspective of the textile importer DELTEX. The results can therefore only be applied to the entire textile supply chain to a limited extent.

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Academic literature on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences'

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