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1
Medina-Franco, José L. "Expanding the Chemical Information Science gateway." F1000Research 10 (April 16, 2021): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52192.1.
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As chemical information evolves, impacting many chemistry areas, effective ways to disseminate results by the scientific community are also changing. Thus, publication schemes adapt to meet the needs of researchers across disciplines to share high-quality data, information, and knowledge. Since 2015, the F1000Research Chemical Information Science (CIS) gateway has offered an open and unique model to disseminate science at the interface of chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, and several other informatic-related disciplines. In response to the evolution of chemical information science, the F1000Research CIS gateway has incorporated new members to the advisory board. It is also reinforcing and expanding the gateway areas with a particular focus on machine learning and metabolomics. The range of available article types, availability of data, exposure within complementary multidisciplinary F1000Research gateways, and indexing in major bibliographic databases increases the visibility of all contributions. As part of progressing open science in this field, we look forward to your high-quality contributions to the CIS gateway.
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Germain, Hugo, Eric Chevalier, and Daniel P. Matton. "Plant bioactive peptides: an expanding class of signaling molecules." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-162.
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Until recently, our knowledge of intercellular signaling in plants was limited to the so-called five classical plant hormones: auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscissic acid. Other chemical compounds like sterols and lipids have also been recognized as signaling molecules in plants, but it was only recently discovered that peptides in plants, as in animal cells, play crucial roles in various aspects of growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and self/non-self recognition in sporophytic self-incompatibility. These peptides are often part of a very large gene family whose members show diverse, sometime overlapping spatial and temporal expression patterns, allowing them to regulate different aspects of plant growth and development. Only a handful of peptides have been linked to a bona fide receptor, thereby activating a cascade of events. Since these peptides have been thoroughly reviewed in the past few years, this review will focus on the small putative plant signaling peptides, some often disregarded in the plant peptide literature, which have been shown through biochemical or genetic studies to play important roles in plants.
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Gebashe, Fikisiwe C., Devashan Naidoo, Stephen O. Amoo, and Nqobile A. Masondo. "Cosmeceuticals: A Newly Expanding Industry in South Africa." Cosmetics 9, no. 4 (July 26, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9040077.
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Africa is counted amongst the cosmetic market contributors; however, South Africa’s remarkable plant diversity is still largely untapped in terms of its potential for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Thus, we aim to provide a critical assessment of the advancements made in South African cosmeceuticals with emphasis towards online local companies/brands that are manufactured by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). For the current study, we limited our search of herbal cosmeceutical products to SMMEs with online websites, or products traded in other online cosmetic directories such as ‘Faithful to Nature’ and ‘African Botanicals’ using a simple Google search. We recorded more than 50 South African SMME companies/brands involved in the trade of cosmeceuticals. Skin and hair care were the major product categories widely traded in these online platforms. Furthermore, few patents were recorded from South African researchers and institutions thereof, which is quite alarming considering the extensive research that has been undertaken to study these commercially valuable plants. Based on the increasing number of new products and the wide pool of economically important plants coupled to their associated rich indigenous knowledge systems, the cosmeceutical sector can contribute to the economy, job creation, entrepreneurship skills, socio-economic development and intellectual property generation.
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Tóthné Bogdányi, Petrikovszki, Balog, Putnoky-Csicsó, Gódor, Bálint, and Tóth. "Current Knowledge of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Metarhizium flavoviride Sensu Lato and Its Potential in Sustainable Pest Control." Insects 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10110385.
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Fungal entomopathogens are gaining increasing attention as alternatives to chemical control of arthropod pests, and the literature on their use under different conditions and against different species keeps expanding. Our review compiles information regarding the entomopathogenic fungal species Metarhizium flavoviride (Gams and Rozsypal 1956) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and gives account of the natural occurrences and target arthropods that can be controlled using M. flavoviride. Taxonomic problems around M. flavoviride species sensu lato are explained. Bioassays, laboratory and field studies examining the effect of fermentation, culture regimes and formulation are compiled along with studies on the effect of the fungus on target and non-target organisms and presenting the effect of management practices on the use of the fungus. Altogether, we provide information to help conducting basic studies, and by pointing out relatively uncharted territories, help to set new research areas.
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Fariña, Arnaldo E., Jorge A. M. Rezende, and William M. Wintermantel. "Expanding Knowledge of the Host Range of Tomato chlorosis virus and Host Plant Preference of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1." Plant Disease 103, no. 6 (June 2019): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-18-1941-re.
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The crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is often found infecting tomato crops in Brazil, with variable incidence, but associated with prevalence of its primary vector, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. ToCV control is difficult because there are no resistant commercial tomato varieties or hybrids available and chemical spray for control of the whitefly vector has not been effective. The present study evaluated the partial host range of a Brazilian isolate of ToCV and the preference of B. tabaci MEAM1 for oviposition on those species identified as susceptible to the virus. Subsequently, transmission tests were performed using plants of each ToCV host species as sources of inoculum to elucidate the epidemiological importance of nontomato sources of inoculum for infection of tomato. Among 80 species experimentally inoculated, 25 were susceptible, including 6 previously not known to be hosts (Jaltomata procumbens, Physalis pruinosa, Solanum aculeatissimum, S. viarum, Beta vulgaris var. cicla, and Chenopodium quinoa). Preference of whitefly for oviposition and infection by ToCV under free-choice transmission tests varied among the susceptible species. When ToCV-infected tomato, eggplant, and C. quinoa were used separately as sources of inoculum for virus transmission to tomato plants, mean percentages of infected plants were 76.6, 3, and 0%, respectively. Average oviposition of Bemisia tabaci on these three hosts were 2.7, 10.6, and 0.0 eggs/cm2, respectively. Additional studies will be necessary to evaluate the importance of ToCV host plants under field conditions and their efficiency as sources of inoculum for virus acquisition and transmission to tomato crops.
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Stewart, Larry. "Assistants to enlightenment: William Lewis, Alexander Chisholm and invisible technicians in the Industrial Revolution." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 62, no. 1 (January 9, 2008): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2007.0034.
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Artisans, assistants and technicians in laboratories remain largely anonymous amid the rapidly expanding experimental practice of the eighteenth century. Where their activities can be traced, it is apparent that the binary conceptions of scholar and craftsman, of philosopher and practitioner, hardly held during the first industrial revolution. Who actually did the work in the early-modern laboratory remains an important issue. In the case explored in this article, William Lewis, chemical lecturer, and Josiah Wedgwood, pottery manufacturer, both employed the skill and expertise of Alexander Chisholm. Chisholm moved among industrial innovators, gathering the knowledge of workmen, and promoted the experimental method ultimately employed in the Wedgwood manufactory.
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Pekhnyo, Vasyl, Anatoliy Omel’chuk, and Olga Linyucheva. "SCIENTIFIC ELECTROCHEMICAL SCHOOL OF KYIV." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 6 (July 27, 2022): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.06.2022.71-101.
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An overview dedicates to the directions of scientific research and achieved results in the field of electrochemistry, initiated by scientific institutions and in higher educational institutions of Kyiv. Academician O.V. Plotnikov is the forerunner of the world- known Kyiv School of Electrochemistry, formed in the last century's twenties: M.I. Usanovych, V.O. Izbekov, Ya.A. Fialkov, Yu.K. Delimarskyi, I.A. Sheka, and many other scientists known to the general scientific community. O.V. Plotnikov and his followers are one of the first to attempt to combine the most progressive theoretical provisions on electrolytic dissociation, the chemical theory of solutions, and the chemistry of complex compounds for that time. World achievements of the Kyiv School of Electrochemistry were provided by the results of such fundamental research as the chemical theory of solutions, acid-base interactions (Usanovich's theory), the structure of the electric double layer (the Yesin-Markov effect, the reduced Antropov scale of potentials), physical chemistry and electrochemistry of molten electrolytes, kinetics electrode processes, electrometallurgy, electrochemical materials science, electrochemical power engineering. Representatives of our School significantly expanded the knowledge of mass transfer in electrochemical systems with molten electrolytes (the phenomenon of the transfer of metals from the anode to the cathode). New technological processes of obtaining and refining heavy non-ferrous metals (bismuth, lead, indium, etc.), finishing metal surfaces, extraction of radionuclides, electroplating technology, and environmental monitoring have been introduced into the practice of industrial production. Research in electrochemical materials science is closely connected to solving the problems of electrochemical energy, particularly, the creation of new sources of current, including solid-state, hydrogen generators, and converters of solar energy into electrical power. The studies of electrochemical aspects of the extraction of some refractory metals from natural raw materials, the creation of new materials with specified functional properties, catalysts, and electrocatalysts, the latest galvanic coatings, electrode and electrolyte materials for chemical current sources and supercapacitors, valuable inorganic compounds, metal and carbon nanophases, corrosion inhibitors are expanding the scientific direction of electrochemical materials science.
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Szabo, Robert, Constantin Bodolea, and Teodora Mocan. "Iron, Copper, and Zinc Homeostasis: Physiology, Physiopathology, and Nanomediated Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112958.
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Understanding of how the human organism functions has preoccupied researchers in medicine for a very long time. While most of the mechanisms are well understood and detailed thoroughly, medicine has yet much to discover. Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) are elements on which organisms, ranging from simple bacteria all the way to complex ones such as mammals, rely on these divalent ions. Compounded by the continuously evolving biotechnologies, these ions are still relevant today. This review article aims at recapping the mechanisms involved in Fe, Cu, and Zn homeostasis. By applying the knowledge and expanding on future research areas, this article aims to shine new light of existing illness. Thanks to the expanding field of nanotechnology, genetic disorders such as hemochromatosis and thalassemia can be managed today. Nanoparticles (NPs) improve delivery of ions and confer targeting capabilities, with the potential for use in treatment and diagnosis. Iron deficiency, cancer, and sepsis are persisting major issues. While targeted delivery using Fe NPs can be used as food fortifiers, chemotherapeutic agents against cancer cells and microbes have been developed using both Fe and Cu NPs. A fast and accurate means of diagnosis is a major impacting factor on outcome of patients, especially when critically ill. Good quality imaging and bed side diagnostic tools are possible using NPs, which may positively impact outcome.
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Loayza, Erick, and Guido Miranda-Chumacero. "Monitoring native killifish in the La Paz metrópolis by citizen scientists: advantages and opportunities." Neotropical Hydrobiology and Aquatic Conservation 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55565/nhac.vcsf6445.
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The Metropolitan Region of La Paz (MRDLP) in Bolivia has grown with minimal planning, leading to major changes to the natural habitat. Currently, citizen science is becoming an important contributor of information on the biodiversity of urban areas. This study presents novel records of native Andean killifish (Orestias spp.) in the MRDLP obtained from the iNaturalist website, expanding its distribution and highlighting the important role of citizen participation as a tool to expand biodiversity knowledge and monitoring of ecosystems sensitive to climate change.
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Fernandes, Danilo Camargo, and Daniel Cunha Passos. "The voices of an alleged mute: sound emissions in a Tropidurus lizard." Behaviour 158, no. 8-9 (May 3, 2021): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10092.
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Abstract Although the major Squamata lineages are primarily oriented by chemical or visual sensory systems, many lizards are able to use acoustic information and several species produce sounds. However, while gekkotans are renowned by their complex vocal repertoires, sounds of other lizards are much less known. Herein we characterize the sounds emitted by individuals of Tropidurus catalanensis (Tropiduridae) from southeastern Brazil in response to threat stimuli. Our results revealed that the acoustic display was consistently emitted by adult individuals. The typical sound emission consisted of a single click, very short in duration, and without frequency modulation. This is the first report of sound emission by Tropidurus lizards, expanding the knowledge on the behavioural repertoire of the genus, and contributing to understanding the extension of sound emission in lizards.
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Fu, Yezhi, Evelyn Jiang, and Yuan Yao. "New Techniques in Structural Tailoring of Starch Functionality." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-102821-035457.
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Inherent characteristics of native starches such as water insolubility, retrogradation and syneresis, and instability in harsh processing conditions (e.g., high temperature and shearing, low pH) limit their industrial applications. As starch properties mainly depend on starch composition and structure, structural tailoring of starch has been important for overcoming functional limitations and expanding starch applications in different fields. In this review, we first introduce the basics of starch structure, properties, and functionalities and then describe the interactions of starch with lipids, polysaccharides, and phenolics. After reviewing genetic, chemical, and enzymatic modifications of starch, we describe current progress in the areas of porous starch and starch-based nanoparticles. New techniques, such as using the CRISPR–Cas9 technique to tailor starch structures and using an emulsion-assisted approach in forming functional starch nanoparticles, are only feasible when they are established based on fundamental knowledge of starch.
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Reis, Elvys Dias, Heron Freitas Resende, Péter Ludvig, Rogério Cabral de Azevedo, Flávia Spitale Jacques Poggiali, and Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra. "Bonding of Steel Bars in Concrete with the Addition of Carbon Nanotubes: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101626.
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Advances and innovations in science and engineering have been increasingly supported by nanotechnology, and the modification of cementitious materials by nanoengineering is an expanding field. With this perspective, this paper aims to elucidate the behavior of steel bars in concrete with the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a function of the characteristics of the cement-based material, the dispersion techniques and dosage of CNTs, the bond tests and specimen geometry, and the rebar characteristics. To reach this proposed goal, the ProKnow-C methodology was applied to select the most relevant publications from the last ten years, and then seven articles were fully analyzed. The results of the present systematic review of the literature revealed both consolidated knowledge and gaps to be filled in future research, as the need to study the chemical effect of adding these nanomaterials for improving steel–concrete adhesion, the bonding of thin bars in concrete, and the real influence of anchorage length on the steel–concrete bond, regardless of the use of CNTs, is vital.
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Blaise, Christian, and François Gagné. "Aquatic ecotoxicology: what has been accomplished and what lies ahead? An Eastern Canada historical perspective." Journal of Xenobiotics 3, no. 1 (October 11, 2013): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2013.e8.
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Our recent history shows that degradation of aquatic ecosystems essentially stems from industrialization, urbanization and increasing human populations. After a first industrial boom in the late 19th century, contamination pressures on receiving waters now appear to be continual because of expanding economies and technologies developing at the planetary scale. Given the diversity of issues, problems and challenges facing water quality today because of complex waste and chemical discharges into waterways, aquatic ecotoxicology has blossomed with time into a more mature discipline of the environmental sciences. Its two fundamental pillars, bioassays and biomarkers, have become essential tools that allow the determination of numerous and versatile effects measurements. Herein, we demonstrate some of the ways in which these<br />tools have been applied and how they have evolved over the past decades to appraise the ecotoxicity of contaminants impacting aquatic systems. Examples discussed are largely reflective of work conducted in the Environment Canada (EC) laboratories (Saint-Lawrence Centre, Montréal, Canada). Success stories include improvement of industrial effluent quality contributing to beluga whale population recovery in the Saint-Lawrence River, biomarker field studies conducted with endemic and caged bivalves to more fully comprehend urban effluent adverse effects, and increased discernment on the hazard potential posed by emerging classes of chemicals. Ecotoxicology continues to be confronted with diverse issues and needs related to a myriad of chemical contaminants released to aquatic environments worldwide. To cope with these, ecotoxicology will have to bank on new tools (<em>e.g.</em>, toxicogenomics, bio-informatics, modeling)<br />and become more interdisciplinary by taking into account knowledge provided by other disciplines (<em>e.g.</em>, ecology, chemistry, climatology, microbiology) in order to more fully understand and adequately interpret hazard. This will be paramount to supply regulators and legislators with the sound and scientifically valid information needed in order to mitigate environmental degradation.
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Yoshimori, Atsushi, Filip Miljković, and Jürgen Bajorath. "Approach for the Design of Covalent Protein Kinase Inhibitors via Focused Deep Generative Modeling." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020570.
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Deep machine learning is expanding the conceptual framework and capacity of computational compound design, enabling new applications through generative modeling. We have explored the systematic design of covalent protein kinase inhibitors by learning from kinome-relevant chemical space, followed by focusing on an exemplary kinase of interest. Covalent inhibitors experience a renaissance in drug discovery, especially for targeting protein kinases. However, computational design of this class of inhibitors has thus far only been little investigated. To this end, we have devised a computational approach combining fragment-based design and deep generative modeling augmented by three-dimensional pharmacophore screening. This approach is thought to be particularly relevant for medicinal chemistry applications because it combines knowledge-based elements with deep learning and is chemically intuitive. As an exemplary application, we report for Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a major drug target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and leukemia, the generation of novel candidate inhibitors with a specific chemically reactive group for covalent modification, requiring only little target-specific compound information to guide the design efforts. Newly generated compounds include known inhibitors and characteristic substructures and many novel candidates, thus lending credence to the computational approach, which is readily applicable to other targets.
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Kazanskiy, Nikolay L., Svetlana N. Khonina, and Muhammad A. Butt. "Recent Development in Metasurfaces: A Focus on Sensing Applications." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010118.
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One of the fastest-expanding study areas in optics over the past decade has been metasurfaces (MSs). These subwavelength meta-atom-based ultrathin arrays have been developed for a broad range of functions, including lenses, polarization control, holography, coloring, spectroscopy, sensors, and many more. They allow exact control of the many properties of electromagnetic waves. The performance of MSs has dramatically improved because of recent developments in nanofabrication methods, and this concept has developed to the point that it may be used in commercial applications. In this review, a vital topic of sensing has been considered and an up-to-date study has been carried out. Three different kinds of MS absorber sensor formations, all-dielectric, all-metallic, and hybrid configurations, are presented for biochemical sensing applications. We believe that this review paper will provide current knowledge on state-of-the-art sensing devices based on MSs.
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Malini, S., Arpita Roy, Kalyan Raj, K. S. Anantha Raju, Ismat H. Ali, B. Mahesh, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Saiful Islam, Byong-Hun Jeon, and Sean Seungwon Lee. "Sensing beyond Senses: An Overview of Outstanding Strides in Architecting Nanopolymer-Enabled Sensors for Biomedical Applications." Polymers 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030601.
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Nano-enabled sensing is an expanding interdisciplinary field of emerging science with dynamic multifunctional detecting capabilities, equipped with a wide range of multi-faceted nanomaterial having diverse dimensions and composition. They have proven to be highly robust, sensitive, and useful diagnostic tools ranging from advanced industrial processes to ordinary consumer products. As no single nanomaterial has proved to be unparalleled, recent years has witnessed a large number of nanomaterial-based sensing strategies for rapid detection and quantification of processes and substances with a high degree of reliability. Nano-furnished platforms, because of easy fabrication methods and chemical versatility, can serve as ideal sensing means through different transduction mechanisms. This article, through a unified experimental-theoretical approach, uses literature of recent years to introduce, evaluate, and analyze significant developments in the area of nanotechnology-aided sensors incorporating the various classes of nanomaterial. Addressing the broad interests, the work also summarizes the sensing mechanisms using schematic illustrations, attempts to integrate the performance of different categories of nanomaterials in the design of sensors, knowledge gaps, regulatory aspects, future research directions, and challenges of implementing such techniques in standalone devices. In view of a dependency of analysis and testing on sustained growth of sensor-supported platforms, this article inspires the scientific community for more attention in this field.
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Prasad, Ankush, Renuka Ramalingam Manoharan, Michaela Sedlářová, and Pavel Pospíšil. "Free Radical-Mediated Protein Radical Formation in Differentiating Monocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 9963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189963.
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Free radical-mediated activation of inflammatory macrophages remains ambiguous with its limitation to study within biological systems. U-937 and HL-60 cell lines serve as a well-defined model system known to differentiate into either macrophages or dendritic cells in response to various chemical stimuli linked with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our present work utilizes phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) as a stimulant, and factors such as concentration and incubation time were considered to achieve optimized differentiation conditions. ROS formation likely hydroxyl radical (HO●) was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In particular, U-937 cells were utilized further to identify proteins undergoing oxidation by ROS using anti-DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) antibodies. Additionally, the expression pattern of NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) in relation to induction with PMA was monitored to correlate the pattern of ROS generated. Utilizing macrophages as a model system, findings from the present study provide a valuable source for expanding the knowledge of differentiation and protein expression dynamics.
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POPOVA, Venelina, Zhana PETKOVA, Tanya IVANOVA, Magdalena STOYANOVA, Nikolay PANAYOTOV, Nadezhda MAZOVA, and Albena STOYANOVA. "Determination of the chemical composition of seeds, peels, and seedcakes from two genotypes of Cape gooseberry (Physalisperuviana L.)." TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 44, no. 6 (December 8, 2020): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/tar-2003-6.
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Physalis peruviana L. fruit (Cape gooseberry, CG) is a rich source of phytonutrients, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), phytosterols, dietetic fibers, and others. The popularity and production areas of CG have been expanding worldwide, thus producing fruit with origin-substantiated differences in their nutrient composition.This study was based on the comparative assessment of 2 genotypes of CG produced in Bulgaria (CG-P and CG-F), through analysis of the lipid fraction of different fruit elements (seeds, peels), and further examination of the extracted seedcakes. The CG seeds reasonably yielded more oil (17.0%–22.2%) than the isolated peels (2.8%–2.9%). The main FAs in the CG-P seed oil were oleic (29.6%) and palmitic (20.6%), and in the CG-F seed oil were palmitic (20.9%) and stearic (17.5%). Both CG peel oils were dominated by palmitic acid (43.0%–60.2%), but there was a significant variation of some other FAs. The group of bioactive tocopherols was found exclusively in the oil extracted from the CG seeds, with no significant difference between the genotypes; β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant. Waste from the oil extraction (the seedcakes) was found to contain high levels of macro and microminerals (K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, and others), fiber (40.26%–47.62%), protein (13.73%–8.08%), and essential amino acids, with some genotype-based variations. The results demonstrated that, concerning the studied aspects of fruit composition, CG produced in Bulgaria was comparable to the fruit of other origins; hence, they might be of practical interest to national agricultural and food producers, as well as to the food industry on a wider basis, as new details are added to the knowledge about CG fruit. The outcomes from the examination of the CG seedcakes were in favor of their potential in human and animal nutrition, and might serve as grounds for the development of new products.
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Bondarchuk, E. Yu, A. A. Tsygichko, and F. M. Asaturova. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS AGAINST INSECT PESTS IN VITRO (REVIEW)." TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 3 (27) (2021): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-20-34.
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Excessive application of chemical insecticides in agriculture has led to some serious problems that threaten the environment and human health. One of the possible ways to overcome the situation is to shift to environmentally-friendly preparations based on entomopathogenic bioagents. The purpose of this review was to search for and systematize methodological approaches to determine the entomopathogenic activity of microorganisms of various taxonomic groups in laboratory conditions. The expediency of choosing the necessary method when studying a particular phenomenon or process is an important point both in the fundamental and applied field of research. The primary assessment of the entomopathogenic activity of microorganisms in vitro is the basis for expanding the spectrum of their action, introducing new strains into collections. It also contributes to the replenishment of knowledge about the already known properties of various types of microorganisms. All this, certainly, is connected with the further choice of them as biological agents. Each of the presented groups of entomopathogens has its distinctive features of the mechanisms of action determined by the target insect. Concerning the choice of methodological approaches for assessing the entomopathogenic effect of fungi, the authors relied on the physiological characteristics of the insect and its stage of harmfulness. The researchers were guided by methodological approaches of oral infection of insects using an infected food source to study the activity of bacterial strains. Pathological changes in the cellular structure, as well as deformations of intestinal elements, were noted. The most common way to assess the effect of entomopathogenic viruses in the laboratory is the method of surface infection of the food source of the tested insect, taking into account the high specialization of the agent. When studying the mechanisms of action of fungal, bacterial and viral agents, researchers injected a suspension of the pathogen into the insect’s body. The search and systematization of relevant methodological approaches to assess entomopathogenic microorganisms depending on the taxonomic affiliation is an important part of the work directly related to the development of a high-quality and effective bioinsecticide.
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Mathlin, Julia, Loredana Le Pera, and Teresa Colombo. "A Census and Categorization Method of Epitranscriptomic Marks." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 4684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134684.
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In the past few years, thorough investigation of chemical modifications operated in the cells on ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules is gaining momentum. This new field of research has been dubbed “epitranscriptomics”, in analogy to best-known epigenomics, to stress the potential of ensembles of RNA modifications to constitute a post-transcriptional regulatory layer of gene expression orchestrated by writer, reader, and eraser RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). In fact, epitranscriptomics aims at identifying and characterizing all functionally relevant changes involving both non-substitutional chemical modifications and editing events made to the transcriptome. Indeed, several types of RNA modifications that impact gene expression have been reported so far in different species of cellular RNAs, including ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, messenger RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs. Supporting functional relevance of this largely unknown regulatory mechanism, several human diseases have been associated directly to RNA modifications or to RBPs that may play as effectors of epitranscriptomic marks. However, an exhaustive epitranscriptome’s characterization, aimed to systematically classify all RNA modifications and clarify rules, actors, and outcomes of this promising regulatory code, is currently not available, mainly hampered by lack of suitable detecting technologies. This is an unfortunate limitation that, thanks to an unprecedented pace of technological advancements especially in the sequencing technology field, is likely to be overcome soon. Here, we review the current knowledge on epitranscriptomic marks and propose a categorization method based on the reference ribonucleotide and its rounds of modifications (“stages”) until reaching the given modified form. We believe that this classification scheme can be useful to coherently organize the expanding number of discovered RNA modifications.
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Min, Cho-Ah, Ji-Sook Yun, Eun Hwa Choi, Ui Wook Hwang, Dong-Hyung Cho, Je-Hyun Yoon, and Jeong Ho Chang. "Comparison of Candida Albicans Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Structure with Homologous Amidase Signature Family Enzymes." Crystals 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9090472.
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a well-characterized member of the amidase signature (AS) family of serine hydrolases. The membrane-bound FAAH protein is responsible for the catabolism of neuromodulatory fatty acid amides, including anandamide and oleamide, that regulate a wide range of mammalian behaviors, including pain perception, inflammation, sleep, and cognitive/emotional state. To date, limited crystal structures of FAAH and non-mammalian AS family proteins have been determined and used for structure-based inhibitor design. In order to provide broader structural information, the crystal structure of FAAH from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans was determined at a resolution of 2.2 Å. A structural comparison with a brown rat Rattus norvegicus FAAH as well as with other bacterial AS family members, MAE2 and PAM, showed overall similarities but there were several discriminative regions found: the transmembrane domain and the hydrophobic cap of the brown rat FAAH were completely absent in the fungal FAAH structure. Along with these results, a phylogenetic analysis of 19 species within the AS family showed that fungal FAAHs diverged from a common ancestor before the separation of eukarya and prokarya. Taken together, this study provides insights into developing more potent inhibitors of FAAH as well as expanding our knowledge of the relationships between AS family members.
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Safandeev, Vitalij Vasilevich, and Tat’yana Alekseevna Sinitskaya. "The use of neurotoxins in fundamental, medical and biological sciences on the example of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine." Toxicological Review 30, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-5-307-314.
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Introduction. Neurotoxins are a class of chemicals that damage neurons. Some pesticides have a similar effect. The increase in areas with developed heavy industry and agriculture, uncontrolled use of pesticides contribute to the emergence and progression of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The insidiousness of PD is that it is still incurable, since there is no early diagnosis: for decades it has been asymptomatic, and by the time of manifestation there are no target neurons for therapy. Considering that the diagnosis is made at the late stages of PD development, the treatment of the disease is ineffective. It follows that in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment, it should be started as early as possible - before the appearance of motor symptoms, at the preclinical stage. To do this, it is first necessary to develop an early (preclinical) diagnosis of PD based on an in-depth study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. In order to develop early diagnosis and preventive therapy of PD, proneurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used in this study. Material and methods. To simulate the preclinical and clinical stages of PD, inbred lines of animals were injected with MPTP according to certain schemes. The behavior of experimental animals was assessed, and after their decapitation, the content of monoamines in the structures of the brain, peripheral organs, and blood plasma was determined by HPLC, and a morphofunctional analysis of the studied tissues and organs was performed. Results. The clinical stage of PD was modeled in animals, which corresponds to the key characteristics of PD in humans. A hypothetical preclinical stage of PD was modeled in animals, on which the method of early diagnosis was successfully tested. This model shows a number of important biochemical changes in peripheral organs, indicating the systemic nature of the disease and preceding the onset of the clinical stage of PD. Research limitations. The results of this study can only be applied to humans only after similar results have been obtained in monkeys. Limitations. Only after obtaining similar results in monkeys the results of this study can be translated to humans. Conclusion. Knowledge about the mechanisms of action of some neurotoxins is expanding, which are successfully used for the needs of fundamental, medical and biological sciences.
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Aiduang, Worawoot, Athip Chanthaluck, Jaturong Kumla, Kritsana Jatuwong, Sirasit Srinuanpan, Tanut Waroonkun, Rawiwan Oranratmanee, Saisamorn Lumyong, and Nakarin Suwannarach. "Amazing Fungi for Eco-Friendly Composite Materials: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080842.
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The continually expanding use of plastic throughout our world, along with the considerable increase in agricultural productivity, has resulted in a worrying increase in global waste and related environmental problems. The reuse and replacement of plastic with biomaterials, as well as the recycling of agricultural waste, are key components of a strategy to reduce plastic waste. Agricultural waste is characterized as lignocellulosic materials that mainly consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Saprobe fungi are able to convert agricultural waste into nutrients for their own growth and to facilitate the creation of mycelium-based composites (MBC) through bio-fabrication processes. Remarkably, different fungal species, substrates, and pressing and drying methods have resulted in varying chemical, mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the resulting composites that ultimately vary the functional aspects of the finished MBC. Over the last two decades, several innovative designs have produced a variety of MBC that can be applied across a range of industrial uses including in packaging and in the manufacturing of household items, furniture, and building materials that can replace foams, plastics, and wood products. Materials developed from MBC can be considered highly functional materials that offer renewable and biodegradable benefits as promising alternatives. Therefore, a better understanding of the beneficial properties of MBC is crucial for their potential applications in a variety of fields. Here, we have conducted a brief review of the current findings of relevant studies through an overview of recently published literature on MBC production and the physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of these composites for use in innovative architecture, construction, and product designs. The advantages and disadvantages of various applications of mycelium-based materials (MBM) in various fields have been summarized. Finally, patent trends involving the use of MBM as a new and sustainable biomaterial have also been reviewed. The resulting knowledge can be used by researchers to develop and apply MBC in the form of eco-friendly materials in the future.
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Bennet, David. "Expanding the knowledge paradigm." VINE 36, no. 2 (April 2006): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03055720610682979.
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Mokiy, Vladimir, and Tatiana Lukyanova. "Covid-19: Systems Transdisciplinary Generalization, Technical and Technological Ideas, and Solutions." Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 25 (2022): 001–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4893.
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Aim/Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has created many adverse effects. It overloads the healthcare system, causes deaths, and angers some at anti-covid restrictions. This study examines the feasibility of using technical and technological ideas to overcome these effects. The solution is based on new knowledge about the virus, its nature, formation, and activation in the environment. Background: The rapid spread of a new coronavirus infection is taking place against the background of a lack of time required to create new treatment scenarios for the disease, development, production, and vaccine safety research. In such a situation, it became necessary to gain this time for organizing and conducting events that could reduce the burden on the healthcare system. Methodology: The science that studies the morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution of viruses is virology. The modern development of virology is moving towards a more accurate and comprehensive description of the mechanisms of interaction of viruses with the host organism. This contributed to the emergence of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and immunomics. However, in virology, there is no particular discipline that sets itself three fundamental goals: to substantiate a single concept of the emergence of viruses; to study the natural mechanisms of formation of virus molecules in the environment; to describe the natural mechanisms of activation of certain viruses in the environment that cause viral pandemics. As a result, there are many articles among the published scientific articles on viruses dealing with the mechanisms of interaction of viruses with the host organism. However, there are no articles on the natural mechanisms of formation and activation of certain viruses in the environment. In the absence of such specialized articles, we were forced to use the method of systems transdisciplinary generalization of disciplinary knowledge to achieve our article’s purpose. Generalization created new knowledge about the nature of viruses, about the mechanisms of their formation and activation in the environment and cells of biological organisms. It is logical to assume that to synchronize the state of biological objects of all functional ensembles on the planet, it is necessary to create and activate appropriate “technological tools.” We have suggested and proved that RNA viruses play the role of such tools. Piezoelectricity activates viruses. It occurs during the compression and stretching of sedimentary rocks and bases of continental plates in different territories. Contribution: The systems transdisciplinary generalization of the knowledge of scientific disciplines made it possible to edit the concept of viruses, to eliminate stereotypes that arose due to the use of unsuccessful analogies. As a result of this generalization, it was possible to prove that viruses are not intracellular parasites. The virus is a “technological tool” of the planetary organizing component. This “tool” aims to correct the genetic programs of organisms of all functional ensembles (plants, animals, people), which will maintain the state of organisms and the parameters of their metabolism in changing environmental conditions. Findings: The viruses that triggered pandemics in the 20th century and early 21st century are RNA viruses. RNA molecules play the role of “technological tools” that the planetary organizing component uses to carry out short-term and long-term adjustments and constant support of the genetic programs of biological organisms. Therefore, in such a situation, it is advisable to talk not about the fight against the virus but only about eliminating the negative manifestations of the Covid-19 pandemic: reducing the number of people in need of emergency hospitalization, eliminating cases of the acute course of the disease and deaths. It is proposed to use certain technical and technological ideas and solutions to eliminate these negative manifestations. Recommendation for Researchers: This paper recommends that researchers use new interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. They challenge assumptions and conclusions about the nature of viruses, and the mechanisms of their formation and activation in the environment can initiate. Such new research might describe the mechanisms that form and activate viruses in the environment and the body’s cells. They also might provide practical use of this knowledge to eliminate the multiple speculations and fears that arise against the background of reports of the likely appearance of more deadly viruses and viral infections. Future Research: The results of a systems transdisciplinary generalization of disciplinary knowledge about the nature and purpose of viruses are essential for expanding the horizon of the scientific worldview. Future fundamental research on the mechanisms of objective organizing constituents, a general description given in this article, will contribute to a deeper understanding of chemical and biological evolution mechanisms in which modern humanity is involved. In due time, such an understanding will allow a new look at the existing scenarios of the world socio-economic order, explore and describe new principles of sustainable development of society.
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Sousa-Silva, Maria, Daniel Vieira, Pedro Soares, Margarida Casal, and Isabel Soares-Silva. "Expanding the Knowledge on the Skillful Yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010036.
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Cyberlindnera jadinii is widely used as a source of single-cell protein and is known for its ability to synthesize a great variety of valuable compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Its capacity to produce compounds such as food additives, supplements, and organic acids, among other fine chemicals, has turned it into an attractive microorganism in the biotechnology field. In this review, we performed a robust phylogenetic analysis using the core proteome of C. jadinii and other fungal species, from Asco- to Basidiomycota, to elucidate the evolutionary roots of this species. In addition, we report the evolution of this species nomenclature over-time and the existence of a teleomorph (C. jadinii) and anamorph state (Candida utilis) and summarize the current nomenclature of most common strains. Finally, we highlight relevant traits of its physiology, the solute membrane transporters so far characterized, as well as the molecular tools currently available for its genomic manipulation. The emerging applications of this yeast reinforce its potential in the white biotechnology sector. Nonetheless, it is necessary to expand the knowledge on its metabolism, regulatory networks, and transport mechanisms, as well as to develop more robust genetic manipulation systems and synthetic biology tools to promote the full exploitation of C. jadinii.
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Wahab, Shadma, Khursheed Muzammil, Nazim Nasir, Mohammad Suhail Khan, Md Faruque Ahmad, Mohammad Khalid, Wasim Ahmad, Adam Dawria, Lingala Kalyan Viswanath Reddy, and Abdulrahman Mohammed Busayli. "Advancement and New Trends in Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food: A Comprehensive Review." Plants 11, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091106.
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Food safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the expanding population and the need to produce food to feed the growing population. At the same time, pesticide residues found in high concentrations in fresh agriculture pose a significant threat to food safety. Presently, crop output is being increased by applying herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, nematicides, and soil amendments. A combination of factors, including bioaccumulation, widespread usage, selective toxicity, and stability, make pesticides among the most toxic compounds polluting the environment. They are especially harmful in vegetables and fruits because people are exposed to them. Thus, it is critical to monitor pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables using all analytical techniques available. Any evaluation of the condition of pesticide contamination in fruits and vegetables necessitates knowledge of maximum residue levels (MRLs). We set out the problems in determining various types of pesticides in vegetables and fruits, including the complexity and the diversity of matrices in biological materials. This review examines the different analytical techniques to determine the target analytes that must be isolated before final consumption. Many processes involved determining pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed with recommendations. Furthermore, MRLs of target pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples are discussed in the context of data from the literature. The review also examines MRLs’ impact on the international trade of fruits and vegetables. Accurate, sensitive, and robust analytical procedures are critical to ensuring that pesticide levels in food products are effectively regulated. Despite advances in detection technology, effective sample preparation procedures for pesticide residue measurement in cereals and feedstuffs are still needed. In addition, these methods must be compatible with current analytical techniques. Multi-residue approaches that cover a wide range of pesticides are desired, even though pesticides’ diverse natures, classes, and physio-chemical characteristics make such methods challenging to assemble. This review will be valuable to food analysts and regulatory authorities to monitor the quality and safety of fresh food products.
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Katz, Jack. "Ethnography’s Expanding Warrants." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 642, no. 1 (June 4, 2012): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212437342.
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Because ethnographies report what is already known in some part of society, the warrant for the method is uniquely double. Each ethnography promises both positive and negative knowledge, a contribution to understanding the social logic that organizes some area of social life and a contribution to the sociology of ignorance. Those reported in this volume illustrate seven distinct warrants that hinge on morally charged forces blocking the dissemination of knowledge about locally known social realities. In addition, running through many of the studies is a focus on an amoral warrant. Ethnographies are distinctively suited for studying the ubiquitous, naturally occurring hiding that is necessarily part of social expression, or how things are hidden in the foundations of the social world.
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Shen, Jie. "Expanding the Frontier of Global Knowledge: Introduction." Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change 2, no. 1 (September 2005): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jots.2.1.3/2.
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Bowonder, B. "Innovation and convergence: expanding boundaries of chemical industry." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 26, no. 1 (January 2001): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801801679386.
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Vieira, Vanessa, Lillian Barros, Anabela Martins, and Isabel Ferreira. "Expanding Current Knowledge on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Genus Lactarius." Molecules 19, no. 12 (December 10, 2014): 20650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules191220650.
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Donnellan, Anne M. "Invented Knowledge and Autism: Highlighting Our Strengths and Expanding the Conversation." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 24, no. 3 (September 1999): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.24.3.230.
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Sever, Brion. "The Relationship between Minority Populations and Police Force Strength: Expanding Our Knowledge." Police Quarterly 4, no. 1 (March 2001): 28–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109861101129197743.
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McAuliffe, Donna. "Claiming and Expanding Social Work Knowledge in the International Space." Australian Social Work 74, no. 4 (September 8, 2021): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2021.1945731.
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Levré, Doriana, Chiara Arcisto, Valentina Mercalli, and Alberto Massarotti. "ZINClick v.18: Expanding Chemical Space of 1,2,3-Triazoles." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 59, no. 5 (November 12, 2018): 1697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00615.
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García, Hermenegildo. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 6 (January 1, 2005): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20057706iv.
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Photochemistry is a mature science. A characteristic hallmark of a consolidated scientific discipline is that it increasingly broadens its scope of interests from an initial central core toward the periphery where it interacts with other areas. Most of the current scientific research is characterized by an enriching multidisciplinarity, focusing on topics that combine backgrounds from different fields. In this way, the largest advances are taking place at the interphase between areas where different fields meet.This multidisciplinarity is, I believe, also a characteristic feature of the current situation for photochemistry. Thus, photochemistry was initially focused on the understanding and rationalization at a molecular level of the events occurring after light absorption by simple organic compounds. Molecular organic photochemistry constituted the core of this discipline, and it largely benefited from advances in the understanding of the electronic states provided by quantum mechanics. Later, photochemistry started to grow toward areas such as photobiology, photoinduced electron transfer, supramolecular photochemistry, and photochemistry in heterogeneous media, always expanding its sphere of interest.This context of increasing diversity in topics and specialization is reflected in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The contributors correspond to some of the plenary plus two invited lectures of the XXth IUPAC Symposium that was held 17ñ22 July in Granada, Spain. The program included plenary and invited lectures and oral contributions grouped in 13 sections covering femtochemistry, photochemistry of biomacromolecules, single-molecule photochemistry, and computational methods in photochemistry to nanotechnology, among others. These workshop titles give an idea of the breadth of themes that were included in this symposium. While it is obvious that the list of contributions correspond to different subdisciplines in photochemistry, all of them have a common scientific framework to rationalize the facts.The purpose of the symposium was to present an overview of the current status of some research fronts in photochemistry. This issue begins with the 2004 Porter Medal Lecture awarded jointly by the Asian, European, and Interamerican Photochemical Societies that was given to Prof. Graham Fleming (University of California, Berkeley) for his continued advances in photosynthesis. Prof. Flemingís studies have constituted a significant contribution to the understanding of the interplay between the structure of photosynthetic centers of green plants and the mechanism of energy migration toward the photosynthetic centers. These events take place in a very short time scale and are governed by the spatial arrangement of the constituents.Continuing with photobiology, the second article by Prof. Jean Cadet (Grenoble University) describes the type of photochemical damage and photoproducts arising from DNA UV irradiation. Knowledge of these processes is important for a better understanding of skin cancer and the possibilities for DNA repair. Closely related with DNA damage occurring upon irradiation, the article by Prof. Tetsuro Majima (Osaka University) provides an account of his excellent work on photosensitized oneelectron oxidation of DNA.The concept of "conical intersection", developed initially by Robb and Bernardi to rationalize the relaxation of excited states, led to the foundation of computational photochemistry, which has proved to be of general application to photochemical reactions. In this issue, Prof. Massimo Olivucci (University of Siena) shows that quantum chemical calculations can also be applied to photochemical reactions occurring in photobiology and, in particular, to the problem of vision. These calculations are characterized by the large number of atoms that are included and the fact that they have to estimate at a high calculation level and with high accuracy the energy of states differring in a few kcal mol-1.The next article corresponds to one of the two invited lectures included in this issue. The one given by Dr. Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet (Technical University of Valencia) in the workshop Photophysical and Photochemical Approaches in the Control of Toxic and Therapeutic Activity of Drugs describes the enantioselective quenching of chiral drug excited states by biomolecules. Moving from photobiology to free radical polymerization with application in microlithography, the article by Prof. Tito Scaiano (University of Ottawa) reports among other probes an extremely elegant approach to detect the intermediacy of radicals in photochemical reactions based on a silent fluorescent molecular probe containing a free nitroxyl radical.Solar energy storage is a recurrent topic and a long-desired application of photochemistry. In her comprehensive contribution, Prof. Ana Moore (Arizona State University) summarizes the continued seminal contribution of her group to the achievement of an efficient solar energy storage system based on the photochemical generation of long-lived charge-separated states. Another possibility of solar energy storage consists of water splitting. In his article, Prof. Haruo Inoue (Tokyo Metropolitan University) deals with artificial photosynthetic methods based on the use of ruthenium porphyrins as photosensitizers for the two-electron oxidation of water with formation of dioxygen.Also in applied photochemistry, Prof. Luisa De Cola (University of Amsterdam) reports on intramolecular energy transfer in dinuclear metal complexes having a meta-phenylene linker. The systems described by Prof. De Cola have potential application in the field of light-emitting diodes, since most of the complexes described exhibit electroluminescence. The second invited lecture is by Dr. Alberto Credi (University of Bologna), one of Europeís most promising young photochemists. In his interesting article, the operation upon light excitation of a rotaxane molecular machine is described. A macro-ring acting as electron donor moiety in a charge-transfer complex is threaded in a dumbbell-shaped component having two viologen units with different redox potential. Light absorption produces the cyclic movement of the macro-ring from one viologen station to the other.The last two contributions fall within the more classic organic photochemistry realm. Prof. Axel Griesbeck (University of Cologne) describes the multigram synthesis of antimalarial peroxides using singlet-oxygen photosensitizers adsorbed or bonded to polymer matrices. The last contribution comes from Prof. Heinz Roth (University of Rutgers), who has worked during his entire career in the fields of organic photochemistry and radical ion chemistry. Prof. Roth has summarized his vast knowledge in radical ion chemistry, reviewing the mechanism of triplet formation arising from radical ion pair recombination. This mechanism for triplet formation is currently gaining a renewed interest owing to the potential applicability to the development of phosphors.I hope that the present selection will be appealing and attractive for a broad audience of readers interested in photochemistry and will give readers an idea of the state of the art of some current topics in this area.Hermenegildo GarcíaConference Editor
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Wilson, Katie, Lucy Montgomery, Cameron Neylon, Chun-Kai (Karl) Huang, and Rebecca N. Handcock. "Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative." LIBER Quarterly: The Journal of the Association of European Research Libraries 32, no. 1 (November 3, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53377/lq.11544.
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In the current era of worldwide competition in higher education, universities are caught up in market processes that encourage compliance with the measurement systems applied by world university rankings. Despite questions about the rankings’ methodologies and data sources, universities continue to adopt assessment and evaluation practices that require academic researchers to publish in sources indexed by the major commercial bibliographic databases used by world rankings. Building on a critique of the limited bibliometric measures and underlying assumptions of rankings, the Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative interdisciplinary research project aggregates and analyses scholarly research data including open access output from multiple open sources for more than 20,000 institutions worldwide. To understand who is creating knowledge and how diversity is enacted through the transmission of knowledge we analyse workforce demographic data. In this article, we discuss the project’s rationale, methodologies and examples of data analysis that can enable universities to make independent assessments, ask questions about rankings, and contribute to open knowledge-making and sharing. Expanding on our presentation to the LIBER Online 2021 Conference, we discuss collaboration with academic libraries and other scholarly communication stakeholders to develop and extend the open knowledge project.
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Khatua, Somanjana, Swarnendu Chandra, and Krishnendu Acharya. "Expanding knowledge on Russula alatoreticula, a novel mushroom from tribal cuisine, with chemical and pharmaceutical relevance." Cytotechnology 71, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10616-018-0280-y.
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Manning, Patrick. "The Life Sciences, 1900–2000: Analysis and Social Welfare from Mendel and Koch to Biotech and Conservation." Asian Review of World Histories 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340030.
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Abstract The life sciences underwent a dramatic transformation during the twentieth century, with an expansion in fundamental knowledge of the process of evolution and its molecular basis, through advances in health care that greatly extended human life, and by the combination of these advances to address the problem of conserving the many forms of life threatened by expanding human society. The essay highlights the worldwide emphasis on social welfare in the years 1945–1980 and the expanding role of international collaboration, especially in the International Biological Program and its advances in ecology and the notion of the biosphere, and in the emergence of molecular biology. This was also the era of the Cold War, yet military confrontation had fewer implications for life sciences than for the natural sciences in that era. After 1980, deregulation and neoliberalism weakened programs for social welfare, yet links among the varying strands of life sciences continued to grow, bringing the development of genomics and its many implications, expanding epidemiology to include reliance on social sciences, and deepening ecological studies as the Anthropocene became more and more prevalent. In sum, the experience of the life sciences should make it clear to world historians that scientific advance goes beyond the achievements of brilliant but isolated researchers: those same advances rely substantially on social movements, migration, and the exchange of knowledge across intellectual and physical boundaries.
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Peterson, Stephen W., Željko Jurjević, and Jens C. Frisvad. "Expanding the Species and Chemical Diversity of Penicillium Section Cinnamopurpurea." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2015): e0121987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121987.
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Criales-Hernández, María I., Diana M. Sanchez-Lobo, and Johanna K. Almeyda-Osorio. "Expanding the knowledge of plankton diversity of tropical lakes from the Northeast Colombian Andes." Revista de Biología Tropical 68, S2 (October 22, 2020): S159—S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68is2.44347.
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Introduction: A large number of planktonic communities found in tropical lakes have not yet been recorded, limiting understanding of how these ecosystems function and of the role that organisms play within them. Objective: Add new records of previously described species and to contribute to the knowledge of the planktonic communities present in tropical mountain and lowland lakes of the northeast Colombian Andes. Methods: Planktonic samples were collected and physicochemical variables measured in nine tropical lakes. Organisms were identified and a bibliographic search was carried out in databases and research articles to the identification of the new records to Colombia. Results: We present the data corresponding to six physicochemical variables measured in tropical lakes of this region and expand the existing information on organisms present in tropical lakes with a list of 391 taxa (299 phytoplankton and 92 zooplankton). The proportion of planktonic species unique to tropical lakes and the low similarity between lake types found with a Jaccard analysis indicated high heterogeneity of ecological conditions in the studied lakes. Conclusions: The 391 taxa found and 15 new records contribute to the list of planktonic organisms present in tropical lakes located in high and low areas of the Colombian northeast Andes.
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Winterbauer, Nancy L., Betty Bekemeier, Lisa VanRaemdonck, and Anna G. Hoover. "Applying Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership Principles to Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401667921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016679211.
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With real-world relevance and translatability as important goals, applied methodological approaches have arisen along the participatory continuum that value context and empower stakeholders to partner actively with academics throughout the research process. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) provides the gold standard for equitable, partnered research in traditional communities. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) also have developed, coalescing communities of practice and of academics to identify, study, and answer practice-relevant questions. To optimize PBRN potential for expanding scientific knowledge, while bridging divides across knowledge production, dissemination, and implementation, we elucidate how PBRN partnerships can be strengthened by applying CBPR principles to build and maintain research collaboratives that empower practice partners. Examining the applicability of CBPR partnership principles to public health (PH) PBRNs, we conclude that PH-PBRNs can serve as authentic, sustainable CBPR partnerships, ensuring the co-production of new knowledge, while also improving and expanding the implementation and impact of research findings in real-world settings.
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Love, Jason B. "AppliedChem: Modern Challenges in the Chemical Sciences." AppliedChem 1, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem1010001.
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While pure chemistry aims to enhance knowledge within the chemical sciences, applied chemistry exploits the principles and theories of chemistry to answer specific questions or solve real-world challenges [...]
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FONSECA, LEONARDO M., TATIANA C. GARCEZ, LUCIANA PENHA, LEONARDO FREIRE-DE-LIMA, EMMANUEL MAES, KELLI M. COSTA, LUCIA MENDONÇA-PREVIATO, and JOSE O. PREVIATO. "Expanding the knowledge of the chemical structure of glycoconjugates from Trypanosoma cruzi TcI genotype. Contribution to taxonomic studies." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 1519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620160386.
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McClure, Charles R., John Carlo Bertot, and Carol A. Hert. "Expanding Our Knowledge of Evaluating Networked Information Services and Resources: Prelude to the Mid-Year Meeting." Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 25, no. 4 (January 31, 2005): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bult.119.
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Filomeno, Felipe Amin. "Expanding Hearts and Minds? Evaluation of an Ecumenical Educational Program on Immigration." Journal of Applied Social Science 13, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1936724419846197.
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The persistence of xenophobia and nativism in the United States has encouraged groups and organizations in the civil society to promote mutual understanding and collaboration between immigrants and native citizens. This study evaluated an ecumenical educational program on immigration organized by a faith-based group of volunteers with those goals in mind. The program was held in fall 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland. The evaluation was based on participant responses to an exit questionnaire and on a focus group with members of the community group responsible for the program. The study concludes that ecumenical workshops on immigration with instructional and dialogical activities likely improve participants’ knowledge of immigration and participants’ inclinations to mutual understanding and collaboration between immigrants and native citizens. Personal testimonials by immigrants are especially conducive to those outcomes.
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Nitecki, Danuta A., and Mary Ellen K. Davis. "Expanding Academic Librarians’ Roles in the Research Life Cycle." Libri 69, no. 2 (May 26, 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2018-0066.
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Abstract Research depends on prior results. The cycle of transforming research output to disseminated knowledge is changing to engage more researchers to openly discover and thereby shape future contributions to scholarship. No established framework helps librarians understand the opportunities that transition offers librarians. However, through four propositions, this paper addresses some of the changes facing academic librarians as they expand their roles: 1) Research cycles embrace interactive sharing and reuse of data; 2) Managing open research data expands librarians’ roles; 3) Intellectual entrepreneurship roles provide a model to empower others; 4) Librarians demonstrate their entrepreneurial leadership by creating partnerships outside the library. Now academic librarians have opportunities to strengthen their role in how higher education shapes research by shifting greater focus toward research data management [RDM]. Two seasoned administrators and librarians illustrate pathways to prepare academic librarians for these new roles. They offer two practitioners’ impressions of the demands and opportunities for librarians to extend their expertise to support RDM, and illustrate how academic librarians have begun doing so through professional association work (through the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL)) and at one academic library (at Drexel University). They urge academic librarians to step out of their comfort zones of organizing, preserving and servicing discovery of information resources and embrace emerging roles for which their values and expertise have prepared them. If librarians ignore these opportunities, they risk being bypassed in efforts to ensure that managing research data and scholarship are central to research protocols.
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Lynch, William T., and Ellsworth R. Fuhrman. "Recovering and Expanding the Normative: Marx and the New Sociology of Scientific Knowledge." Science, Technology, & Human Values 16, no. 2 (April 1991): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399101600206.
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Wahyunengsih, Wahyunengsih, and Noni Mia Rahmawati. "EXPANDING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SENSE OF TOLERANCE ON “THE WORLD THROUGH ENGLISH TEXTBOOK”." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 9, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 372–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481.
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ABSTRACTCharacter education is needed to shape the students’ characters, one of which is the sense of being tolerant toward differences of cultures in societies around the world. Textbooks are suitable to introduce this value. This study is aimed to develop a primary school source of learning which significantly promotes the value of tolerance in the content. This textbook is aimed to introduce cultures from several parts of the world and stimulates the students' awareness of appreciating diversity. Plomp’s Model in 1997 research dan development (R&D) design is utilized in this present study. The finding shows the researchers can develop an English textbook entitled "The World through English". This book guides the students to enhance their knowledge and sense of tolerance into the level of warm tolerance according to the Interpersonal Tolerance Scale (IPTS) proposed by Thomae (2016). As a result, this study shows that the development of an English textbook with persuasive tolerance value is acceptable and easily comprehended by elementary school students.ABSTRAKPendidikan karakter diperlukan untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik, salah satunya adalah rasa toleran terhadap perbedaan budaya dalam masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Buku teks cocok untuk memperkenalkan nilai ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber belajar sekolah dasar yang secara signifikan mengedepankan nilai toleransi dalam muatannya. Buku ajar ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan budaya dari berbagai belahan dunia dan merangsang kesadaran siswa untuk menghargai keberagaman. Model Plomp pada tahun 1997 desain penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Temuan menunjukkan peneliti dapat mengembangkan buku teks bahasa Inggris berjudul "The World through English". Buku ini membimbing siswa untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan rasa toleransi ke tingkat toleransi hangat menurut Skala Toleransi Interpersonal (IPTS) yang diusulkan oleh Thomae (2016). Hasilnya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan buku teks bahasa Inggris dengan nilai toleransi persuasif dapat diterima dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa sekolah dasar.How to Cite: Wahyunengsih, Rahmawati, N. M.. (2022). Expanding Primary School Students’ Knowledge and Sense of Tolerance on “The World Through English Textbook”. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 372-395. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481
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Pandit, Upendra K. "Biomolecular approach to the design of potential drugs." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 12 (January 1, 2007): 2119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779122119.
Full textAbstract:
The approach to drug design on the basis of molecular-level information on biological processes is being driven by the expanding knowledge of the details of molecular events in biological systems. We have directed attention to the design of potentially active compounds based on the aforementioned "biomolecular" concepts. Selected examples from our studies are discussed. This paper presents three case studies of approaches to the development of potential medicinal agents whose design has evolved from considerations of molecular mechanisms of processes in selected biological systems.