Academic literature on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences"
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Medina-Franco, José L. "Expanding the Chemical Information Science gateway." F1000Research 10 (April 16, 2021): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52192.1.
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As chemical information evolves, impacting many chemistry areas, effective ways to disseminate results by the scientific community are also changing. Thus, publication schemes adapt to meet the needs of researchers across disciplines to share high-quality data, information, and knowledge. Since 2015, the F1000Research Chemical Information Science (CIS) gateway has offered an open and unique model to disseminate science at the interface of chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, and several other informatic-related disciplines. In response to the evolution of chemical information science, the F1000Research CIS gateway has incorporated new members to the advisory board. It is also reinforcing and expanding the gateway areas with a particular focus on machine learning and metabolomics. The range of available article types, availability of data, exposure within complementary multidisciplinary F1000Research gateways, and indexing in major bibliographic databases increases the visibility of all contributions. As part of progressing open science in this field, we look forward to your high-quality contributions to the CIS gateway.
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Germain, Hugo, Eric Chevalier, and Daniel P. Matton. "Plant bioactive peptides: an expanding class of signaling molecules." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-162.
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Until recently, our knowledge of intercellular signaling in plants was limited to the so-called five classical plant hormones: auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscissic acid. Other chemical compounds like sterols and lipids have also been recognized as signaling molecules in plants, but it was only recently discovered that peptides in plants, as in animal cells, play crucial roles in various aspects of growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and self/non-self recognition in sporophytic self-incompatibility. These peptides are often part of a very large gene family whose members show diverse, sometime overlapping spatial and temporal expression patterns, allowing them to regulate different aspects of plant growth and development. Only a handful of peptides have been linked to a bona fide receptor, thereby activating a cascade of events. Since these peptides have been thoroughly reviewed in the past few years, this review will focus on the small putative plant signaling peptides, some often disregarded in the plant peptide literature, which have been shown through biochemical or genetic studies to play important roles in plants.
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Gebashe, Fikisiwe C., Devashan Naidoo, Stephen O. Amoo, and Nqobile A. Masondo. "Cosmeceuticals: A Newly Expanding Industry in South Africa." Cosmetics 9, no. 4 (July 26, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9040077.
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Africa is counted amongst the cosmetic market contributors; however, South Africa’s remarkable plant diversity is still largely untapped in terms of its potential for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Thus, we aim to provide a critical assessment of the advancements made in South African cosmeceuticals with emphasis towards online local companies/brands that are manufactured by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). For the current study, we limited our search of herbal cosmeceutical products to SMMEs with online websites, or products traded in other online cosmetic directories such as ‘Faithful to Nature’ and ‘African Botanicals’ using a simple Google search. We recorded more than 50 South African SMME companies/brands involved in the trade of cosmeceuticals. Skin and hair care were the major product categories widely traded in these online platforms. Furthermore, few patents were recorded from South African researchers and institutions thereof, which is quite alarming considering the extensive research that has been undertaken to study these commercially valuable plants. Based on the increasing number of new products and the wide pool of economically important plants coupled to their associated rich indigenous knowledge systems, the cosmeceutical sector can contribute to the economy, job creation, entrepreneurship skills, socio-economic development and intellectual property generation.
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Tóthné Bogdányi, Petrikovszki, Balog, Putnoky-Csicsó, Gódor, Bálint, and Tóth. "Current Knowledge of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Metarhizium flavoviride Sensu Lato and Its Potential in Sustainable Pest Control." Insects 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10110385.
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Fungal entomopathogens are gaining increasing attention as alternatives to chemical control of arthropod pests, and the literature on their use under different conditions and against different species keeps expanding. Our review compiles information regarding the entomopathogenic fungal species Metarhizium flavoviride (Gams and Rozsypal 1956) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and gives account of the natural occurrences and target arthropods that can be controlled using M. flavoviride. Taxonomic problems around M. flavoviride species sensu lato are explained. Bioassays, laboratory and field studies examining the effect of fermentation, culture regimes and formulation are compiled along with studies on the effect of the fungus on target and non-target organisms and presenting the effect of management practices on the use of the fungus. Altogether, we provide information to help conducting basic studies, and by pointing out relatively uncharted territories, help to set new research areas.
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Fariña, Arnaldo E., Jorge A. M. Rezende, and William M. Wintermantel. "Expanding Knowledge of the Host Range of Tomato chlorosis virus and Host Plant Preference of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1." Plant Disease 103, no. 6 (June 2019): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-18-1941-re.
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The crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is often found infecting tomato crops in Brazil, with variable incidence, but associated with prevalence of its primary vector, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. ToCV control is difficult because there are no resistant commercial tomato varieties or hybrids available and chemical spray for control of the whitefly vector has not been effective. The present study evaluated the partial host range of a Brazilian isolate of ToCV and the preference of B. tabaci MEAM1 for oviposition on those species identified as susceptible to the virus. Subsequently, transmission tests were performed using plants of each ToCV host species as sources of inoculum to elucidate the epidemiological importance of nontomato sources of inoculum for infection of tomato. Among 80 species experimentally inoculated, 25 were susceptible, including 6 previously not known to be hosts (Jaltomata procumbens, Physalis pruinosa, Solanum aculeatissimum, S. viarum, Beta vulgaris var. cicla, and Chenopodium quinoa). Preference of whitefly for oviposition and infection by ToCV under free-choice transmission tests varied among the susceptible species. When ToCV-infected tomato, eggplant, and C. quinoa were used separately as sources of inoculum for virus transmission to tomato plants, mean percentages of infected plants were 76.6, 3, and 0%, respectively. Average oviposition of Bemisia tabaci on these three hosts were 2.7, 10.6, and 0.0 eggs/cm2, respectively. Additional studies will be necessary to evaluate the importance of ToCV host plants under field conditions and their efficiency as sources of inoculum for virus acquisition and transmission to tomato crops.
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Stewart, Larry. "Assistants to enlightenment: William Lewis, Alexander Chisholm and invisible technicians in the Industrial Revolution." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 62, no. 1 (January 9, 2008): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2007.0034.
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Artisans, assistants and technicians in laboratories remain largely anonymous amid the rapidly expanding experimental practice of the eighteenth century. Where their activities can be traced, it is apparent that the binary conceptions of scholar and craftsman, of philosopher and practitioner, hardly held during the first industrial revolution. Who actually did the work in the early-modern laboratory remains an important issue. In the case explored in this article, William Lewis, chemical lecturer, and Josiah Wedgwood, pottery manufacturer, both employed the skill and expertise of Alexander Chisholm. Chisholm moved among industrial innovators, gathering the knowledge of workmen, and promoted the experimental method ultimately employed in the Wedgwood manufactory.
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Pekhnyo, Vasyl, Anatoliy Omel’chuk, and Olga Linyucheva. "SCIENTIFIC ELECTROCHEMICAL SCHOOL OF KYIV." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 6 (July 27, 2022): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.06.2022.71-101.
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An overview dedicates to the directions of scientific research and achieved results in the field of electrochemistry, initiated by scientific institutions and in higher educational institutions of Kyiv. Academician O.V. Plotnikov is the forerunner of the world- known Kyiv School of Electrochemistry, formed in the last century's twenties: M.I. Usanovych, V.O. Izbekov, Ya.A. Fialkov, Yu.K. Delimarskyi, I.A. Sheka, and many other scientists known to the general scientific community. O.V. Plotnikov and his followers are one of the first to attempt to combine the most progressive theoretical provisions on electrolytic dissociation, the chemical theory of solutions, and the chemistry of complex compounds for that time. World achievements of the Kyiv School of Electrochemistry were provided by the results of such fundamental research as the chemical theory of solutions, acid-base interactions (Usanovich's theory), the structure of the electric double layer (the Yesin-Markov effect, the reduced Antropov scale of potentials), physical chemistry and electrochemistry of molten electrolytes, kinetics electrode processes, electrometallurgy, electrochemical materials science, electrochemical power engineering. Representatives of our School significantly expanded the knowledge of mass transfer in electrochemical systems with molten electrolytes (the phenomenon of the transfer of metals from the anode to the cathode). New technological processes of obtaining and refining heavy non-ferrous metals (bismuth, lead, indium, etc.), finishing metal surfaces, extraction of radionuclides, electroplating technology, and environmental monitoring have been introduced into the practice of industrial production. Research in electrochemical materials science is closely connected to solving the problems of electrochemical energy, particularly, the creation of new sources of current, including solid-state, hydrogen generators, and converters of solar energy into electrical power. The studies of electrochemical aspects of the extraction of some refractory metals from natural raw materials, the creation of new materials with specified functional properties, catalysts, and electrocatalysts, the latest galvanic coatings, electrode and electrolyte materials for chemical current sources and supercapacitors, valuable inorganic compounds, metal and carbon nanophases, corrosion inhibitors are expanding the scientific direction of electrochemical materials science.
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Szabo, Robert, Constantin Bodolea, and Teodora Mocan. "Iron, Copper, and Zinc Homeostasis: Physiology, Physiopathology, and Nanomediated Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112958.
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Understanding of how the human organism functions has preoccupied researchers in medicine for a very long time. While most of the mechanisms are well understood and detailed thoroughly, medicine has yet much to discover. Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) are elements on which organisms, ranging from simple bacteria all the way to complex ones such as mammals, rely on these divalent ions. Compounded by the continuously evolving biotechnologies, these ions are still relevant today. This review article aims at recapping the mechanisms involved in Fe, Cu, and Zn homeostasis. By applying the knowledge and expanding on future research areas, this article aims to shine new light of existing illness. Thanks to the expanding field of nanotechnology, genetic disorders such as hemochromatosis and thalassemia can be managed today. Nanoparticles (NPs) improve delivery of ions and confer targeting capabilities, with the potential for use in treatment and diagnosis. Iron deficiency, cancer, and sepsis are persisting major issues. While targeted delivery using Fe NPs can be used as food fortifiers, chemotherapeutic agents against cancer cells and microbes have been developed using both Fe and Cu NPs. A fast and accurate means of diagnosis is a major impacting factor on outcome of patients, especially when critically ill. Good quality imaging and bed side diagnostic tools are possible using NPs, which may positively impact outcome.
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Loayza, Erick, and Guido Miranda-Chumacero. "Monitoring native killifish in the La Paz metrópolis by citizen scientists: advantages and opportunities." Neotropical Hydrobiology and Aquatic Conservation 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55565/nhac.vcsf6445.
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The Metropolitan Region of La Paz (MRDLP) in Bolivia has grown with minimal planning, leading to major changes to the natural habitat. Currently, citizen science is becoming an important contributor of information on the biodiversity of urban areas. This study presents novel records of native Andean killifish (Orestias spp.) in the MRDLP obtained from the iNaturalist website, expanding its distribution and highlighting the important role of citizen participation as a tool to expand biodiversity knowledge and monitoring of ecosystems sensitive to climate change.
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Fernandes, Danilo Camargo, and Daniel Cunha Passos. "The voices of an alleged mute: sound emissions in a Tropidurus lizard." Behaviour 158, no. 8-9 (May 3, 2021): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10092.
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Abstract Although the major Squamata lineages are primarily oriented by chemical or visual sensory systems, many lizards are able to use acoustic information and several species produce sounds. However, while gekkotans are renowned by their complex vocal repertoires, sounds of other lizards are much less known. Herein we characterize the sounds emitted by individuals of Tropidurus catalanensis (Tropiduridae) from southeastern Brazil in response to threat stimuli. Our results revealed that the acoustic display was consistently emitted by adult individuals. The typical sound emission consisted of a single click, very short in duration, and without frequency modulation. This is the first report of sound emission by Tropidurus lizards, expanding the knowledge on the behavioural repertoire of the genus, and contributing to understanding the extension of sound emission in lizards.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences"
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Lohse, Peter A. (Peter Andreas). "Distribution of knowledge production in the chemical sciences in the US." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65786.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-44).
A citation analysis was carried out to gain an understanding of the geographical and institutional distribution of highly cited articles in the chemical sciences in the US over the last thirty years. The contribution of US chemistry departments was determined by quantifying the number of highly cited articles published by individual authors or groups of authors from the same department. Articles stemming from collaborative research across schools were not considered. The results show that a dilution in intradepartmental knowledge production has occurred both on a geographical and institutional level. Three chemistry departments have emerged as strong producers of high impact articles over the last thirty years: the University of North Carolina, Texas A&M University and the University of Utah. In terms of aggregate numbers of highly cited articles these three schools are in the top ten of over seventy schools which were evaluated; their chemistry departments are en par in terms of scientific impact with those from Ivy League schools like Stanford University, Harvard University and the California Institute of Technology. While the literature reports increasing concentration for the US research base, the present analysis shows a dilution in chemical knowledge production when collaborative efforts across departments and schools are excluded. This finding suggests that the increase in concentration in the US science base is not a uniform trend when studied on a more granular level.
by Peter A. Lohse.
M.B.A.
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Toerien, René. "Mapping the learning trajectories of physical sciences teachers' topic specific knowledge for teaching chemical bonding." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25508.
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Education in South Africa is a national concern and the training and professional development of teachers, especially in science and mathematics, has consequently been prioritised by the National Government. More than 60 percent of the teachers in South Africa are older than 40 years of age, which means that within the next 10-15 years many experienced teachers will exit the system, leaving a younger and less experienced cohort of teachers behind. This study aims to make explicit the learning trajectories of physical sciences teachers, specifically with respect to their knowledge for teaching chemical bonding, in order to support other teachers and thereby accelerating the route to expertise. Learning can be viewed as change, and change has a trajectory. Mapping the learning trajectories, and the significant events that influenced teachers' learning over time, can give insight into how the change had taken place. This study used a mixed methods approach within the pragmatic research paradigm to map learning trajectories for a group of 60 South African physical sciences teachers. Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), the unique knowledge held by teachers, was used for the theoretical framing of the study. An adapted version of the Model of Teacher Professional Knowledge and Skill, including PCK, was used as an analytical framework. A measuring instrument for topic specific knowledge for teaching chemical bonding was designed and validated using the Rasch measurement model. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the teachers' responses to the instrument and a grounded analysis of story-line interview data from ten purposively selected teachers were used to identify the factors that played a role in the development of the teachers' knowledge. A further qualitative analysis of PCK episodes from the interview data revealed how the above factors influenced the teachers' knowledge. Findings revealed that teaching the same content multiple times and at multiple grade levels, embracing changes in the curriculum as opportunities for learning, and further studies at tertiary level, especially completing post-graduate studies in education, all played a role in the teachers' perceived shifts in their topic specific knowledge for teaching (TSKFT). Three learning trajectories were identified for the teachers in this study: teachers shifted towards deeper conceptual understanding of the content and used more sophisticated explanatory frameworks; teachers shifted towards more integrated topic specific knowledge for teaching; and teachers shifted from being text book bound and teacher-focussed towards becoming more student-focussed in their approach to teaching. The findings from this study provide guidelines for professional development programmes in terms of differentiated support to teachers according to their career stages and the inclusion of content specific training programmes which makes teaching for conceptual progression explicit. A further recommendation includes encouraging teachers to embark on post-graduate studies in education as this played a pivotal role in shifting teachers' topic specific knowledge for teaching chemical bonding.
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Schreiber, Raphael, and Moisin Monica Bota. "Rebranding “Made in India” through Cultural Sustainability : Exploring and Expanding Indian Perspectives." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25395.
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This exploratory study is a first attempt to translate the Indian cultural context from a socio-cultural, and legal perspective by identifying the values attributed to Indian textile craftsmanship by Indian textile and fashion stakeholders, and how their perspective is influenced by the global recognition and perception of Indian textile crafts and connotation of “Made in India”. At the same time the study investigates the meaning of “sustainability” in the Indian cultural context, in relation to textile craftsmanship, and how this relates to the Western concept of “sustainability”. Through field research in conjunction with a series of in-depth unstructured interviews, this study reveals that Cultural Sustainability is the dominating narrative in the Indian cultural context due to the prevalence of culturally embedded sustainability practices and the role of textile craftsmanship in sustaining livelihood, being a unique exercise of positioning Indian textile craftsmanship within a framework of cultural heritage as a valuable source of knowledge for sustainable practices in the fashion and textile industry. Unique about this study are the India-centric approach combined with the ethnicity of the subjects interviewed - who are, without exception, Indian nationals, whose work, voice and reputation are shaping India's contemporary textile craft -sustainability narrative (being referred to as the “Indian textiles and fashion elite”) and the framing of traditional craftsmanship from a legal perspective, introducing the notion of legal protection of traditional textile knowledge and traditional cultural expressions.
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Bergqvist, Anna. "Teaching and learning of chemical bonding models : Aspects of textbooks, students’ understanding and teachers’ professional knowledge." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48502.
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Despite the growing importance of science and technology in society, school students consider these subjects irrelevant and hard to learn. Teachers must therefore know how to teach science in ways that enhance students’ understanding and interest. This thesis explores various aspects of the teaching and learning of chemical bonding, an important topic in school chemistry that is primarily taught using models. Research has shown that students find chemical bonding difficult to understand, and that the use of models in science education contributes to this difficulty. I therefore investigated teachers’ knowledge of how to teach chemical bonding and ways of developing it to improve students’ understanding. To this end, I analysed chemistry textbooks and teachers’ lesson plans, and conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers about their teaching of chemical bonding. This revealed that the representations of chemical bonding used in textbooks and by teachers can cause students difficulties. The teachers were generally unaware of how these representations might affect students’ understanding, implying that their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) could be improved. To explore ways of incorporating research findings into teaching practice and developing teachers’ PCK, I conducted a learning study in which three secondary science teachers together explored and reflected on their own teaching practice. CoRe, a method for creating detailed descriptions of what, how, and why specific content is taught, was used to enhance the reflections and make the teachers’ PCK explicit. As a result, the teachers developed their representations of chemical bonding, became more aware of students’ understanding, and were better able to motivate their actions and choices of content and strategies. This thesis shows how professional development can bridge the gap between research and teaching practice, and how teachers’ PCK can be developed to improve students’ understanding.Many complex real-world phenomena can only be understood using models that make the abstract visible and provide explanations, predictions, descriptions, or simplifications. However, research has shown that students have difficulties understanding models used in science education in general, and particularly chemical bonding models. This thesis examines various aspects of the teaching and learning of chemical bonding, and its presentation in textbooks and by teachers. It is shown that the representations used by teachers and in textbooks can cause students to have difficulties in understanding, which teachers were generally unaware of. Teachers rarely justify their choices specifically to overcome students’ difficulties, suggesting that their knowledge of how to teach chemical bonding could be improved. A learning study in which teachers collaboratively explored and reflected on their own teaching practice significantly improved their presentation of chemical bonding, their awareness of students’ understanding, and their ability to justify their choices. Overall, this work shows that there is a gap between research and teaching practice, and that effective ways of incorporating research results into teaching practice are needed to improve teaching and learning in chemistry.
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Hultin, Matthias, and Emma Perhult. "Animationer i kemiundervisningen : Ett vägledande material för användning av animationer i kemiundervisningen i gymnasieskolan." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275759.
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Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka animationer i kemiundervisning på gymnasieskolan. Mer specifikt: att utreda hur animationer för närvarande används i undervisningen, vilken betydelse förkunskaper har på elevens förståelse av animationer och även hur förståelsen påverkas av animationens design. För undersökningen valdes området kemisk bindning. Den första delen, kartläggningen av hur animationer används i kemiundervisningen, utreddes med hjälp av en lärarenkät. Den andra delen, undersökningen av elevers förståelse för animationer utifrån förkunskaper och animationens design, gjordes med hjälp av en elevenkät och en elevintervju. Under elevintervjun fick eleverna ta del av två utvecklade animationer, där den ena illustrerade jonbindning i två dimensioner och den andra i tre dimensioner. Animationerna visades genom att hälften av eleverna började med den ena animationen medan övriga inledde med den andra för att ta reda på om ordningsföljden inverkar på lärandet. För att komplettera dessa två delar utfördes en litteratursammanställning, med inriktning mot lärande, animationer och sambandet mellan de två.Insamlade data analyserades genom en tematisk analys. Resultaten som följde ur analysen var fyra olika teman relaterade till elevers begreppsanvändning. De visade att elever använder begrepp som är relevanta men inte förväntade, eller begrepp som är irrelevanta för det aktuella kemiska området. Vidare visade vissa elever en avsaknad av begrepp för att förklara det kemiska området. Till sist framkom en skillnad mellan elevers uppfattning av animationer i två dimensioner och animationer i tre dimensioner. Vissa begrepp tenderade att endast nämnas i diskussion kring animationen i två dimensioner och föll bort vid tre dimensioner. Utifrån dessa teman kunde olika möjliga strategier för lärare lyftas fram med hjälp av den litteratur som framförts. Dessa strategier sammanfattades sedan i ett vägledande material för kemilärare i gymnasieskolan. Materialet är avsett att vägleda lärare i hur animationer på bästa sätt används i kemiundervisningen med avseende på elevernas förutsättningar.Sammanfattningsvis kunde följande slutsatser dras. Animationer används i gymnasieskolans kemikurser med syfte att illustrera fenomen och processer som inte går att se med blotta ögat. Gällande elevers förståelse för animationer finns det flera påverkande faktorer. Brister i förkunskaper kan leda till att eleven använder irrelevanta begrepp, eller att de relevanta begreppen inte finns i elevens vokabulär. En högre grad av förkunskap kan däremot leda till att eleven använder begrepp som läraren inte förväntat sig i den aktuella undervisningssituationen. Animationens dimensionalitet påverkar elevens förståelse. En tvådimensionell animation visade sig enklare för eleverna att förstå än en tredimensionell animation. Lärarens uppdrag är att ta hänsyn till dessa aspekter för att eleverna ska ha användning för animationerna i sina lärprocesser.The purpose of this thesis was to investigate animations in chemistry education in Swedish upper secondary school. More specifically, to discern how animations are currently used in education, how prior knowledge affects the students’ understanding of animations and lastly how the understanding is affected by the design of the animation. For this investigation the subject of chemical bonds was chosen. The initial part, mapping the usage of animations in chemistry education, was investigated with a teacher survey. The second part, investigation of students’ understanding based on prior knowledge and the design of the animation, was conducted with a student survey and a student interview. During the student interview, the students were presented with two animations developed by the interviewers, where one depicted ionic bonds in two dimensions while the other depicted the concept in three dimensions. The animations were presented by having half of the students first view one of the animations, while the remaining students started with the other one in order to distinguish if the sequencing affects learning. To complement these two parts, a study of literature was conducted, with direction towards teaching, animations and the connection between the two. Gathered data were analyzed through a thematic analysis. The results that followed from this analysis were four different themes related to students’ usage of concepts. They showed that students use concepts that are relevant but not expected, or concepts that are irrelevant for the current chemical field. Furthermore, students showed a lack of concepts when trying to explain the chemical field. Lastly, a difference was distinguished between students’ perception of animations in two dimensions and animations in three dimensions. Some concepts tended to only appear in relation to the animation in two dimensions. Based on these themes, different strategies for teachers were highlighted with the help from the presented literature. These strategies were summarized in a guiding material for chemistry teachers in the Swedish upper secondary school. The material is intended to guide teachers in how to use animations in chemistry education in an optimal way regarding students’ prerequisites.To sum up, the following conclusions could be drawn. Animations are used in chemistry courses of Swedish upper secondary schools with the purpose of illustrating phenomena and processes that are not visible to the naked eye. Regarding students’ understanding of animations there are several influencing factors. Lack of prior knowledge can lead to the student using irrelevant concepts, or that the relevant concepts are not in the student’s vocabulary. A higher degree of prior knowledge can result in the student utilizing concepts that the teacher did not expect in the current instructional context. The dimensionality of the animation affects the student’s understanding. A two-dimensional animation proved to be easier for the students to understand than a three-dimensional animation. The teacher’s responsibility is to consider these aspects for the students to make use of the animations in their learning processes.
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Christophe, François. "Semantics and Knowledge Engineering for Requirements and Synthesis in Conceptual Design: Towards the Automation of Requirements Clarification and the Synthesis of Conceptual Design Solutions." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977676.
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This thesis suggests the use of tools from the disciplines of Computational Linguistics and Knowledge Representation with the idea that such tools would enable the partial automation of two processes of Conceptual Design: the analysis of Requirements and the synthesis of concepts of solution. The viewpoint on Conceptual Design developed in this research is based on the systematic methodologies developed in the literature. The evolution of these methodologies provided precise description of the tasks to be achieved by the designing team in order to achieve successful design. Therefore, the argument of this thesis is that it is possible to create computer models of some of these tasks in order to partially automate the refinement of the design problem and the exploration of the design space. In Requirements Engineering, the definition of requirements consists in identifying the needs of various stakeholders and formalizing it into design speciႡcations. During this task, designers face the problem of having to deal with individuals from different expertise, expressing their needs with different levels of clarity. This research tackles this issue with requirements expressed in natural language (in this case in English). The analysis of needs is realised from different linguistic levels: lexical, syntactic and semantic. The lexical level deals with the meaning of words of a language. Syntactic analysis provides the construction of the sentence in language, i.e. the grammar of a language. The semantic level aims at Ⴁnding about the specific meaning of words in the context of a sentence. This research makes extensive use of a semantic atlas based on the concept of clique from graph theory. Such concept enables the computation of distances between a word and its synonyms. Additionally, a methodology and a metric of similarity was defined for clarifying requirements at syntactic, lexical and semantic levels. This methodology integrates tools from research collaborators. In the synthesis process, a Knowledge Representation of the necessary concepts for enabling computers to create concepts of solution was developed. Such, concepts are: function, input/output Ⴂow, generic organs, behaviour, components. The semantic atlas is also used at that stage to enable a mapping between functions and their solutions. It works as the interface between the concepts of this Knowledge Representation.
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Schutt, Stefan. "The Small Histories project: the internet, life stories and ‘performances of reconstruction’." Thesis, 2011. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/16069/.
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This project revolves around Small Histories, an online web-based software system for the uploading and
sharing of life stories: http://www.smallhistories.com. I created Small Histories to explore the ways in which
the internet can facilitate the urge to tell, share and compare one’s personal history and, by doing so,
generate an online network of interlinked personal narratives connected to historical times, events and
places.
The project originated with a personal event: the tracing of my biological Israeli father in 1997 and my
subsequent explorations of my Israeli and German family histories. The stories I encountered in these
explorations differed, depending on who was telling them. The Small Histories system was a response to the
potential of the burgeoning internet to represent such differing viewpoints, and to generate new forms of
encounters with the past. Since then the system has developed in tandem with the internet, especially the
explosive growth over recent years of what has been called social software.
Conceptually, this project explores the fast-evolving social internet as a setting for auto/biographical
narrative practice and how this overlaps with and changes accepted notions of performance, community
formation, identity construction and acts of memory. As a framework for these investigations, I propose
that the internet is a catalyst without precedent for the production of performances of reconstruction, where
fragments of the past are dug up, collected, assembled and presented as an imaginative reconstruction of
‘what used to be’, in an attempt to re-establish a lost sense of roots, identity and belonging; a coherent
narrative of identity in an era of fragmentation.
Books on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences"
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Canadian Association for Information Science. Conference. Advancing knowledge: Expanding horizons for information science : proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Canadian Association for Information Science, Faculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto, May 30-June 01, 2002 = L'avancement du savoir : élargir les horizons des sciences de l'information : travaux de 30e congr`es annuel de l'Association canadienne des sciences de l'information, Faculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto, 30 mai-01 juin 2002. [Toronto: Canadian Association for Information Science, 2002.
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Serebryakov, Andrey, Tat'yana Smirnova, Valentina Mercheva, and Elena Soboleva. Chemistry of combustible minerals. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1041945.
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This textbook is a publication of the latest generation, designed to optimize the national project "Education"; develops theoretical knowledge about the genesis of natural liquid, gaseous and solid combustible minerals, the formation of the composition and properties, the practical significance of fuel and energy natural complexes. It is devoted to the study of the composition, properties and classification of oils, gas condensate, natural gases and solid combustible minerals, studied at the level of modern achievements of instrumental analytical and factory equipment in accordance with existing technologies, theories and hypotheses about the genesis of hydrocarbons and Earth sciences. The publication is supplemented with the main directions of processing of combustible minerals. Digital and graphical types of chemical models of the synergy of components of gas and oil deposits are described, which are necessary for predicting the phase state and composition of hydrocarbons and optimizing the directions of processing of marketable products. To facilitate the process of cognition of the origin and formation of the composition and properties of natural combustible minerals, a glossary, tests, as well as questions for the test and exam are offered.
To control the knowledge gained by students while studying textbook materials, each chapter is accompanied by questions and tasks.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the fields of 05.04.01, 05.03.01 "Geology", 21.05.02 "Applied Geology", as well as for specialists in the field of geology, geochemistry, extraction and processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, solid fuels.
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Verschure, Paul F. M. J., and Tony J. Prescott. A Living Machines approach to the sciences of mind and brain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0002.
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How do the sciences of mind and brain—neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence (AI)—stand in relation to each other in the 21st century? This chapter proposes that despite our knowledge expanding at ever-accelerating rates, our understanding of the relationship between mind and brain is, in some important sense, becoming less and less. An increasing explanatory gap can only be bridged by a multi-tiered and integrated theoretical framework that recognizes the value of developing explanations at different levels, combining these into cross-level integrated theories, and directly contributing to new technologies that improve the human condition. Development of technologies that instantiate principles gleaned from the study of the mind and brain, or biomimetic technologies, is a key part of the validation process for scientific theories of mind and brain. We call this strategy for the integration of science and engineering a Living Machines approach. Following this path can lead not only to better science, and useful engineering, but also a richer view of human experience and of relationships between science, engineering, and art.
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Epstein, Irving R., and John A. Pojman. An Introduction to Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195096705.001.0001.
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Just a few decades ago, chemical oscillations were thought to be exotic reactions of only theoretical interest. Now known to govern an array of physical and biological processes, including the regulation of the heart, these oscillations are being studied by a diverse group across the sciences. This book is the first introduction to nonlinear chemical dynamics written specifically for chemists. It covers oscillating reactions, chaos, and chemical pattern formation, and includes numerous practical suggestions on reactor design, data analysis, and computer simulations. Assuming only an undergraduate knowledge of chemistry, the book is an ideal starting point for research in the field. The book begins with a brief history of nonlinear chemical dynamics and a review of the basic mathematics and chemistry. The authors then provide an extensive overview of nonlinear dynamics, starting with the flow reactor and moving on to a detailed discussion of chemical oscillators. Throughout the authors emphasize the chemical mechanistic basis for self-organization. The overview is followed by a series of chapters on more advanced topics, including complex oscillations, biological systems, polymers, interactions between fields and waves, and Turing patterns. Underscoring the hands-on nature of the material, the book concludes with a series of classroom-tested demonstrations and experiments appropriate for an undergraduate laboratory.
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Balonas, Sara, Teresa Ruão, and María-Victoria Carrillo, eds. Strategic Communication in Context: Theoretical Debates and Applied Research. UMinho Editora/CECS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/uminho.ed.46.
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Strategic communication is becoming more relevant in communication sciences, though it needs to deepen its reflective practices, especially considering its potential in a VUCA world — volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. The capillary, holistic and result-oriented nature that portrays this scientific field has led to the imperative of expanding knowledge about the different approaches, methodologies and impacts in all kinds of organisations when strategic communication is applied. Therefore Strategic Communication in Context: Theoretical Debates and Applied Research assembles several studies and essays by renowned authors who explore the topic from different angles, thus testing the elasticity of the concept. Moreover, this group of authors represents various schools of thought and geographies, making this book particularly rich and cross-disciplinary.
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Flemming, Kelly D., ed. Mayo Clinic Neurology Board Review. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197512166.001.0001.
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Neurology is an exciting and rapidly expanding area of medicine. This new edition of Mayo Clinic Neurology Board Review is designed to assist both physicians-in-training who are preparing for the initial American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) certification examination and neurologists who are preparing for recertification. Trainees and other physicians in related specialties such as psychiatry, neurosurgery, or physiatry may also find this book useful in preparation for their own certification examinations. While erring on the side of thoroughness, Mayo Clinic Neurology Board Review, Second Edition, is not intended to replace an in-depth textbook or serve as a guide to the most current therapies. Instead, this book provides a core of essential knowledge of both basic and clinical aspects of neurology. The emphasis is on clinical knowledge related to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patient management. In addition, this text has an expansive array of illustrations, pathology, and radiologic images. There are different needs for those who are taking the initial board examination and for those who are recertifying. The first section covers basic sciences and psychiatry, and the remaining portion covers clinical neurology. It is intended that people taking the board examination for the first time would benefit from reviewing all chapters, whereas those recertifying may wish to mainly focus on the clinical section. Throughout the book, high-yield facts and questions have been included for your review.
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Wuthnow, Robert. Religion's Power. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197652534.001.0001.
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Abstract How does power manifest itself in religious practices? What forms does it take? Who sets the rules? Do the rules work? The question is not how religion affects other things, but how power is exercised within religion itself. These were addressed by Durkheim and Weber, Berger and Geertz, and others. There has, however, been a “turn to power,” as Stephen Bush observes, inspired in religious studies by Talal Asad but also through the influences of Judith Butler, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, and others. Similar questions in the social sciences have been driven by ethnographic studies of congregations, gender relations, race, and social movements in which power dynamics are present. The author examines how power is enacted as religious participants interact with one another in rituals, formulate and recite narratives they hope will communicate sincerely and persuasively, create institutions that organize dedicated space and make use of codified and pragmatic knowledge in that space, intersect with gendered and racialized identities, put symbols and storytelling to work for political purposes, and work out the mechanisms for mobilizing political protests. The book seeks to make three contributions: first, bringing closer and more specific attention to the role of power in the rapidly expanding literature on religious practices; second, specifying the mechanisms through which religion’s power is exercised; and third, using this framework to discuss empirical examples that illustrate in greater detail how power works.
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Kudryavtsev, Igor. BASICS OF THE THEORY OF SELF-ORGANIZATION. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2500.978-5-317-06701-4.
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The tutorial reviews the basic ideas and concepts of the theory of self-organization. Numerous examples of physical, chemical, biological, social and other systems are given, which are characterized by the nonlinearity of the phenomena under consideration and which can be described within the framework of a unified approach. The presentation includes the basics of thermodynamics and of the theory of differential equations. The simplest schemes of chemical reactions were used for modeling. The manual is focused primarily on students and graduate students of humanitarian specialities with basic knowledge in the field of natural sciences.
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McClain, Michael E., Reynaldo Victoria, and Jeffrey E. Richey, eds. The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.001.0001.
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With a complex assemblage of largely intact ecosystems that support the earth's greatest diversity of life, the Amazon basin is a focal point of international scientific interest. And, as development and colonization schemes transform the landscape in increasing measure, scientists from around the world are directing attention to questions of regional and global significance. Some of these qustions are: What are the fluxes of greenhouse gases across the atmospheric interface of ecosystems? How mush carbon is stored in the biomass and soils of the basin? How are elements from the land transferred to the basin's surface waters? What is the sum of elements transferred from land to ocean, and what is its marine "fate"? This book of original chapters by experts in chemical and biological oceanography, tropical agronomy and biology, and the atmospheric sciences will address these and other important questions, with the aim of synthesizing the current knowledge of biochemical processes operating within and between the various ecosystems in the Amazon basin.
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Ufimtseva, Nataliya V., Iosif A. Sternin, and Elena Yu Myagkova. Russian psycholinguistics: results and prospects (1966–2021): a research monograph. Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/978-5-6045633-7-3.
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The monograph reflects the problems of Russian psycholinguistics from the moment of its inception in Russia to the present day and presents its main directions that are currently developing. In addition, theoretical developments and practical results obtained in the framework of different directions and research centers are described in a concise form. The task of the book is to reflect, as far as it is possible in one edition, firstly, the history of the formation of Russian psycholinguistics; secondly, its methodology and developed methods; thirdly, the results obtained in different research centers and directions in different regions of Russia; fourthly, to outline the main directions of the further development of Russian psycholinguistics. There is no doubt that in the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects, the main problems and the results of their development by Russian psycholinguistics have no analogues in world linguistics and psycholinguistics, or are represented by completely original concepts and methods. We have tried to show this uniqueness of the problematics and the methodological equipment of Russian psycholinguistics in this book. The main role in the formation of Russian psycholinguistics was played by the Moscow psycholinguistic school of A.A. Leontyev. It still defines the main directions of Russian psycholinguistics. Russian psycholinguistics (the theory of speech activity - TSA) is based on the achievements of Russian psychology: a cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena L.S. Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontyev. Moscow is the most "psycholinguistic region" of Russia - INL RAS, Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, RUDN, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Sechenov University, Moscow State University and other Moscow universities. Saint Petersburg psycholinguists have significant achievements, especially in the study of neurolinguistic problems, ontolinguistics. The most important feature of Russian psycholinguistics is the widespread development of psycholinguistics in the regions, the emergence of recognized psycholinguistic research centers - St. Petersburg, Tver, Saratov, Perm, Ufa, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kursk, Chelyabinsk; psycholinguistics is represented in Cherepovets, Ivanovo, Volgograd, Vyatka, Kaluga, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Abakan, Maikop, Barnaul, Ulan-Ude, Yakutsk, Syktyvkar, Armavir and other cities; in Belarus - Minsk, in Ukraine - Lvov, Chernivtsi, Kharkov, in the DPR - Donetsk, in Kazakhstan - Alma-Ata, Chimkent. Our researchers work in Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, China, France, Switzerland. There are Russian psycholinguists in Canada, USA, Israel, Austria and a number of other countries. All scientists from these regions and countries have contributed to the development of Russian psycholinguistics, to the development of psycholinguistic theory and methods of psycholinguistic research. Their participation has not been forgotten. We tried to present the main Russian psycholinguists in the Appendix - in the sections "Scientometrics", "Monographs and Manuals" and "Dissertations", even if there is no information about them in the Electronic Library and RSCI. The principles of including scientists in the scientometric list are presented in the Appendix. Our analysis of the content of the resulting monograph on psycholinguistic research in Russia allows us to draw preliminary conclusions about some of the distinctive features of Russian psycholinguistics: 1. cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena of L.S.Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontiev as methodological basis of Russian psycholinguistics; 2. theoretical nature of psycholinguistic research as a characteristic feature of Russian psycholinguistics. Our psycholinguistics has always built a general theory of the generation and perception of speech, mental vocabulary, linked specific research with the problems of ontogenesis, the relationship between language and thinking; 3. psycholinguistic studies of speech communication as an important subject of psycholinguistics; 4. attention to the psycholinguistic analysis of the text and the development of methods for such analysis; 5. active research into the ontogenesis of linguistic ability; 6. investigation of linguistic consciousness as one of the important subjects of psycholinguistics; 7. understanding the need to create associative dictionaries of different types as the most important practical task of psycholinguistics; 8. widespread use of psycholinguistic methods for applied purposes, active development of applied psycholinguistics. The review of the main directions of development of Russian psycholinguistics, carried out in this monograph, clearly shows that the direction associated with the study of linguistic consciousness is currently being most intensively developed in modern Russian psycholinguistics. As the practice of many years of psycholinguistic research in our country shows, the subject of study of psycholinguists is precisely linguistic consciousness - this is a part of human consciousness that is responsible for generating, understanding speech and keeping language in consciousness. Associative experiments are the core of most psycholinguistic techniques and are important both theoretically and practically. The following main areas of practical application of the results of associative experiments can be outlined. 1. Education. Associative experiments are the basis for constructing Mind Maps, one of the most promising tools for systematizing knowledge, assessing the quality, volume and nature of declarative knowledge (and using special techniques and skills). Methods based on smart maps are already widely used in teaching foreign languages, fast and deep immersion in various subject areas. 2. Information search, search optimization. The results of associative experiments can significantly improve the quality of information retrieval, its efficiency, as well as adaptability for a specific person (social group). When promoting sites (promoting them in search results), an associative experiment allows you to increase and improve the quality of the audience reached. 3. Translation studies, translation automation. An associative experiment can significantly improve the quality of translation, take into account intercultural and other social characteristics of native speakers. 4. Computational linguistics and automatic word processing. The results of associative experiments make it possible to reveal the features of a person's linguistic consciousness and contribute to the development of automatic text processing systems in a wide range of applications of natural language interfaces of computer programs and robotic solutions. 5. Advertising. The use of data on associations for specific words, slogans and texts allows you to predict and improve advertising texts. 6. Social relationships. The analysis of texts using the data of associative experiments makes it possible to assess the tonality of messages (negative / positive moods, aggression and other characteristics) based on user comments on the Internet and social networks, in the press in various projections (by individuals, events, organizations, etc.) from various social angles, to diagnose the formation of extremist ideas. 7. Content control and protection of personal data. Associative experiments improve the quality of content detection and filtering by identifying associative fields in areas subject to age restrictions, personal information, tobacco and alcohol advertising, incitement to ethnic hatred, etc. 8. Gender and individual differences. The data of associative experiments can be used to compare the reactions (and, in general, other features of thinking) between men and women, different social and age groups, representatives of different regions. The directions for the further development of Russian psycholinguistics from the standpoint of the current state of psycholinguistic science in the country are seen by us, first of all: in the development of research in various areas of linguistic consciousness, which will contribute to the development of an important concept of speech as a verbal model of non-linguistic consciousness, in which knowledge revealed by social practice and assigned by each member of society during its inculturation is consolidated for society and on its behalf; in the expansion of the problematics, which is formed under the influence of the growing intercultural communication in the world community, which inevitably involves the speech behavior of natural and artificial bilinguals in the new object area of psycholinguistics; in using the capabilities of national linguistic corpora in the interests of researchers studying the functioning of non-linguistic and linguistic consciousness in speech processes; in expanding research on the semantic perception of multimodal texts, the scope of which has greatly expanded in connection with the spread of the Internet as a means of communication in the life of modern society; in the inclusion of the problems of professional communication and professional activity in the object area of psycholinguistics in connection with the introduction of information technologies into public practice, entailing the emergence of new professions and new features of the professional ethos; in the further development of the theory of the mental lexicon (identifying the role of different types of knowledge in its formation and functioning, the role of the word as a unit of the mental lexicon in the formation of the image of the world, as well as the role of the natural / internal metalanguage and its specificity in speech activity); in the broad development of associative lexicography, which will meet the most diverse needs of society and cognitive sciences. The development of associative lexicography may lead to the emergence of such disciplines as associative typology, associative variantology, associative axiology; in expanding the spheres of applied use of psycholinguistics in social sciences, sociology, semasiology, lexicography, in the study of the brain, linguodidactics, medicine, etc. This book is a kind of summarizing result of the development of Russian psycholinguistics today. Each section provides a bibliography of studies on the relevant issue. The Appendix contains the scientometrics of leading Russian psycholinguists, basic monographs, psycholinguistic textbooks and dissertations defended in psycholinguistics. The content of the publications presented here is convincing evidence of the relevance of psycholinguistic topics and the effectiveness of the development of psycholinguistic problems in Russia.
Book chapters on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences"
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Jost, Jürgen, and Guillermo Restrepo. "Modelling the Evolution of Chemical Knowledge." In Wissenschaft und Philosophie – Science and Philosophy – Sciences et Philosophie, 23–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10094-9_2.
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Jost, Jürgen, and Guillermo Restrepo. "Evolution of the Constitutive Systems of Chemical Knowledge." In Wissenschaft und Philosophie – Science and Philosophy – Sciences et Philosophie, 35–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10094-9_3.
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Chen, Bohang. "A Historico-Logical Re-assessment of Hans Driesch’s Vitalism." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 49–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_4.
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AbstractToday vitalism is widely dismissed as a metaphysical heresy. For instance, Brigandt and Love (Reductionism in biology. In: Zalta EN (ed) The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, 2017) claimed that “the denial of physicalism by vitalism, the doctrine that biological systems are governed by forces that are not physico-chemical, is largely of historical interest” (p. 3). Perhaps the most “infamous” vitalist is the German biologist Hans Driesch. However, Driesch (In Rádl E (ed) Actes du Huitième Congrès International de Philosophie a Prague 2–7 septembre 1934. Comité d’Organisation du Congrès, Prague, pp 10–30, 1936) himself very explicitly stated that his vitalism is “neither ‘mysticism’[…]nor ‘metaphysics’” (p. 27). So, in order to address the mismatch between the present conception of vitalism and his own, I seek to offer a historico-logical re-assessment of Driesch’s vitalism. From the historical point of view, I show that Driesch had provided long ignored theoretical reflections on the nature of entelechy (the central concept in his vitalism), especially those in relation to evolution and physics. From the logical point of view, following logical empiricists (Phillipp Frank and Rudolf Carnap), I indicate that Driesch’s vitalism should be rejected due to its lack of vital laws, at least with respect to current biology; it is an unestablished theory rather than a metaphysical heresy. Ironically, some current theoretical biologists have proposed similar theories (or principles and laws) of life, even though they (incoherently) reject Driesch’s vitalism. In the end, I briefly conclude that the failure of vitalism actually alludes to the fact that even today we understand very little about the nature of life (I mean, the pure concept/phenomenon of life!) (While I cannot elaborate here, it is of extremely importance not to conflate knowledge about the pure concept/phenomenon of life and knowledge about objects predicatable of life (Ben-Naim, manuscript, p. 281). For instance, it is common among philosophers of biology today to cite elementary knowledge in a particular biological discipline as offering a better understanding of life. Yet their promise fails to be delivered. At best, they are merely relying on knowledge about objects predicatable of life (in most cases, merely knowledge about complex organizations of matter: about heredity, reproduction, development, metabolism, etc); but such knowledge has not been shown of any relevance to the pure concept/phenomenon of life).
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Hamlin, Christopher. "Between Knowledge and Action: Themes in the History of Environmental Chemistry." In Chemical Sciences in the Modern World, edited by Seymour H. Mauskopf. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9781512804416-014.
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Courtenage, Simon, and Steven Williams. "The Forward Web: A New Web Architecture for Organizing Expanding Knowledge." In International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2004 (ICCMSE 2004), 1153–55. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429081385-293.
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Leroy, César, Thomas-Xavier Métro, and Danielle Laurencin. "The Expanding Frontier Between Mechanochemistry & Solid State NMR: Special Focus on Inorganic Components of Materials." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823144-9.00136-9.
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Tremblay, Genevieve G., and Jeff Brice. "Art + Science Knowledge Building." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, 106–35. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1928-8.ch007.
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ASKXXI, Arts and Science Knowledge Building and Sharing in the XXI Century, was an inter-hemispheric, post-secondary diploma program pilot aimed at fostering collaboration in art, emerging digital/virtual technologies, and the ecological sciences. New approaches to narrative creation were introduced through innovative technology workshops in visualization, 3D imaging, 3D printing, virtual, mixed reality, and data visualization. The authors share their dimensional approach that delivered cross-cultural insights, technical training, professional development, mentorship, and network development opportunities. Expanding definitions of CBE and personalized learning support, the new career opportunities in a rapidly changing landscape, the relational, place-based, collaborative, and inquiry-driven learning developed through this pilot program is what the authors identify as a frontier ecosystem in education. They reflect on and share their findings and offer new perspectives on expanded models of competency-based education for academic and workplace credentials.
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Mohamed, Zakaria. "Cyanobacterial Toxins in Water Sources and Their Impacts on Human Health." In Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1428–56. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch054.
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Cyanobacteria are a group of phytoplankton of marine and freshwaters. The accelerated eutrophication of water sources by agricultural and industrial run-off has increased the occurrence and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms. They are of particular concern because of their production for potent hepato-, neuro-, and dermatoxins, being hazardous to human health. Dissemination of knowledge about cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins assists water supply authorities in developing monitoring and management plans, and provides the public with appropriate information to avoid exposure to these toxins. This chapter provides a broad overview and up-to-date information on cyanobacteria and their toxins in terms of their occurrence, chemical and toxicological characteristics, fate in the environment, guideline limits, and effective treatment techniques to remove these toxins from drinking water. Future research directions were also suggested to fill knowledge and research gaps, and advance the abilities of utilities and water treatment plant designers to deal with these toxins.
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Ekenna, Ugochi Chioma, Lynda Obiageri Okorigbo, Leonard Anezi Ezema, and Ozioma Prudent Ogbuagu. "Library and Information Sciences ( LIS ) Placeless Spaces in the Digital Era." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 286–305. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6618-3.ch017.
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Before the internet, libraries were the best source of information available. The library was not only a repository of knowledge; it was also a place to hang out and study. However, the internet and the ever-expanding digital gateway have resulted in the rise and prevalence of information on our phones, tablets, or our laptops. Some people have argued the place of LIS in the digital era and have concluded that there is no need of heading down to the library anymore for information. It is important to clear up such misconceptions. People do still use libraries to find out information. The researchers organized the chapter in the following way: introduction and background, history and development of LIS, overview of library and information science (LIS), librarianship past and present, trends and issues in library and information science curriculum, significance of LIS in the digital era, challenges of LIS profession in the digital era, recommendations, conclusion, and references.
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Shukla, Piyush Kumar, and Madhuvan Dixit. "Big Data." In Handbook of Research on Security Considerations in Cloud Computing, 326–44. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8387-7.ch016.
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In this chapter, Big Data provide large-volume, complex structure, heterogeneous and irregular growing data sets include multiple and autonomous different resources. In this chapter, With the growing improvement of networking sites, image information storing capacity become big issue too, Big Data concept are most growing expanding in all technical area and knowledge engineering domains, including physical, medical and paramedical sciences. Here a data-driven method consist demand-driven aggregation of information and knowledge mining and analysis, user interest prototyping, security and privacy aspects has been presented.
Conference papers on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences"
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Feszterova, Melania. "EXPANDING PUPILS´ KNOWLEDGE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTE." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.2176.
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Tsai, Hsine-Jen, Les Miller, Ming Hua, Sree Nilakanta, and Meher Vani Bojja. "Expanding the Disaster Management Knowledge Space through Spatial Mediation." In 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2012.262.
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Croasdell, D. T., and Y. K. Wang. "Virtue-nets: toward a model for expanding knowledge networks." In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2004.1265594.
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"Knowledge Assessment of the Effect of Environmental Contaminants on Reproductive Health in Jigawa Rural Communities, Nigeria." In International Conference on Chemical, Environment & Biological Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c914142.
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Shires, M. A., and M. S. Craig. "Expanding citizen access and public official accountability through knowledge creation technology: one recent development in e-democracy." In 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174321.
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Barba Orellana, Francisco José, Francisco Juan Martí Quijal, Noelia Pallarés Barrachina, Cristina Juan García, and Houda Berrada Ramdani. "Development and implementation of an "escape room" gamification methodology as an innovative teaching tool for students of the degree in Gastronomic Sciences." In IN-RED 2022: VIII Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2022.2022.15853.
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Various international organisations have emphasized the importance of establishing both health-based as well as adequate sanitary food guidelines to avoid possible food contamination and potential danger due to improper handling of food. Thus, students of gastronomic sciences must be able to detect hazards (chemical and biological) in the consideration and preparation of menus. The growing interest of students in this field of study also requires a more dynamic and practical method of teaching which can be carried out in seminars. Multidisciplinary case studies oriented towards hazard detection and nutritional objectives are proposed. Due to the current Covid-19 health crisis, hosting and participication in these seminars has been adversely affected. The creation of a virtual reality learning resource in which to interact while reducing risk could be a very interesting alternative. The aim of this resource was to create a task using a gamification approach ("escape room") in a virtual laboratory, in which to pass related tests of both a nutritional and food safety background, and thus save their patient from a specific ailment. As indicated by the high percentage of correct answers in the activity this "escape room" resource was shown to positively reinforce students´ knowledge.
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Mai, Vanessa, Susanne Wolf, Paul Varney, Martin Bonnet, and Anja Richert. "DIGITAL ENGINEERING: COMPETENCE ACQUISITION AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AS AN OPEN CO-CREATION PROCESS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end090.
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Dealing with the increasingly complex interrelationships in companies, technologies and markets requires engineers to have a holistic, systemic understanding of digital change. Future engineers need future skills and must be able to react to ever faster changing technical requirements by independently expanding their knowledge, developing (technology-based) solution strategies as well as designing, evaluating and communicating these with regard to social, ecological and cultural aspects and requirements. In order to integrate these future skills into existing curricula, study programs must be designed in such a way that they are permeable to continuous and agile adaptation in relation to new knowledge and new technologies. This process can only succeed if universities see themselves as open learning systems that promote co-creation processes among all university stakeholders. The Faculty of Process Engineering, Energy and Mechanical Systems at TH Köln/University of Applied Sciences has recently recognized the resulting need for a transformation process in program development and has further developed the consecutive master's program "Mechanical Engineering/Smart Systems", in which agile learning environments and innovation spaces are created. However, the redesign and further development of modules is not enough. A holistic, systemic understanding in dealing with transformative technologies requires a cultural change in which lecturers and students shape the digital transformation on an equal footing. In a joint learning and research process, they iteratively and agilely test which competencies best prepare students for an increasingly digitalized workplace and which analog and virtual learning spaces this requires. As part of the project "Digital Engineering - Competence Acquisition for Mechanical Engineers in the Digital Age", the faculty is currently implementing the Technology Area, a measure whose aim is to accompany these digital transformation processes at the faculty and to provide lecturers and students with the necessary freedom to experiment with new technologies in teaching. Here, subject-specific teaching and research concepts for the use of new technologies are to be developed and tested together in a co-creation process. The first concepts developed in the Technology Area as well as other Best Practices from the faculty will be presented in the paper. These include the Mixed-Reality-Game FutureING, the Serious Game Worlds of Materials and the development of a StudiCoachBot. In order to promote co-creation processes within and outside the university, a Digitalization Conference was held in May as part of the project to present innovative and forward-looking innovations in engineering education. The reflection of all of the presented initiatives is structurally anchored and professionalized by the House of Excellence in Engineering Education.
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Langa, Elisa, Eva Terrado, and Carlota Gómez-Rincón. "Get your cell-fie." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9444.
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The goal of this project was to enhance the scientific literacy of primary school and Education degree students by Pharmacy learners, using a collaborative work framework and a SERVICE-LEARNING approach, for all of them to accomplish the general and specific learning outcomes related to the subjects involved in this proposal, that is, Biology and General Chemistry from the Degree in Pharmacy and Research and Innovation in Experimental Sciences from the Degree in Education. Assessments of primary school students´ learning outcomes revealed that 93 % of the kids were able to increase their knowledge on human cells and also widened their scientific vocabulary in, at least, three to five technical words. Education students valued extremely positive the fact that they could work with a different profile of students and the feedback they received from them. Pharmacy students became aware of the importance of the teacher role in society and highlighted the difficulty they had to face when they tried to explain chemical and biological concepts to a non-scientific audience and especially to kids.
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Phillips, Winfred M. "Bioengineering: From Mechanics and Devices to Tissue Engineering and Genetics." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/ts-23402.
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Abstract The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines bioengineering as an interdisciplinary field that applies physical, chemical, and mathematical sciences and engineering principles to the study of biology, medicine, behavior, and health. Bioengineering advances knowledge from the molecular to the organ systems level, and develops new and novel biologics, materials, processes, implants, devices, and informational approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, for patient rehabilitation, and for improving health. Enormous contributions to the advancement of health care have been made through bioengineering. It has been instrumental in establishing the United States as the world leader in health care technology, as evidenced by a $4.6 billion trade surplus for this sector in 1993. The field, through basic and applied research and technology assessment, has given us such devices as the pacemaker, orthopedic implants, and noninvasive diagnostic imaging. Bioengineers have developed new processes for manufacturing products in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. An example is the manufacturing of human insulin, the first product based on recombinant DNA technology, where bioengineering was critical to the ability to commercialize the product. These continuing contributions and unprecedented growth, focus, and opportunity in bioengineering will be a continuing frontier and opportunity for the United States and the world.
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Faumuina, Cecelia. "'Asi - The presence of the unseen." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.110.
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This paper considers an indigenous, methodological framework developed for my doctoral thesis, ‘Asi: The Presence of the Unseen. Defined as ‘Ngatu’ the framework employs the heliaki (metaphor) of women’s collective crafting of indigenous fabric, to structure an artistic research project. Ngatu is cloth made from the bark of the paper mulberry tree. Used for floor mats, bedding, clothing and room dividers it is also often given as a gift at weddings, funerals and formal presentations. Ngatu is considered one of Oceania’s distinctive art forms and processes. Within the study, the position of the researcher is both a creator of artistic work and a reflector on the experience and practices of other collaborators. The Ngatu framework enables a practice-led inquiry that is underpinned by indigenous principles: uouongataha (the pursuit of harmony), mālie/māfana (warmth and beauty) and anga fakatōkilalo (being open to learning). Guided by these values, the methodology employs five distinct phases: TŌ (gestation) TĀ (harvesting knowledge) NGAOHI / TUTU (preparing and expanding ideas) HOKO/KOKA’ANGA (harmonious composition), and FOAKI (presentation). The Ngatu methodology may be seen in the light of a significant discussion in 2019, where a gathering of Oceanic scholars considered a proliferation of Indigenous models of inquiry that had been developed by Pacific researchers outside of conventional Western research paradigms. Although much of the discussion focused on research emanating from Health and the Social Sciences, the use of heliaki to describe methodological approaches to artistic inquiry also has a discernible history in doctoral theses in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Pouwhare, 2020; Toluta’u, 2015; Tupou, 2018; Vea, 2015). The Ngatu methodological framework was applied to the question, “What occurs when young Oceanic people work together artistically in a group, drawing on values from their cultural heritage to create meaningful faiva (artistic performances)?” In posing this question, the thesis sought to understand how, ‘asi (the spirit of the unseen), might operate as an empowering agency for endeavour and belonging. As such, the study proposed that ‘asi which is conventionally identified at the peak of artistic performance, might be also discernible before and after such an event, and resource the energy of artistic practice as a whole. The Ngatu methodology was applied to two bodies of work. The first was a co-created project called Lila. This was developed by a team of secondary school students who produced a contemporary faiva for presentation in 2019. This case study was used in conjunction with interviews from contemporary Oceanic youth leaders, reflecting on the nature and agency of ‘asi, as it appears in their artistic workshops with young people. The second work was a performance called FAIVA | FAI VĀ. This was the researcher’s artistic response to the witnessed nature of ‘asi. The performance integrated spoken word poetry, sound, illustration and video design.
Reports on the topic "Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences"
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Wolf, Eva. Chemikalienmanagement in der textilen Lieferkette. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627987.
Full textAbstract:
The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 set the goal of minimising the adverse impacts of chemicals and waste by 2020. This goal has not been achieved yet. Therefore, other approaches are needed to prevent, minimise, or replace harmful substances. One possible approach is this master thesis which deals with the challenges that the textile importer DELTEX is facing with regard to a transparent communication of chemicals used and contained in the product in its supply chain. DELTEX is bound by legal regulations and requirements of its customer and must ensure that there are no harmful substances in the garments. For each order, the customer requires a chemical inventory from DELTEX which contains the chemical substances and formulations used (so-called "order-wise chemical inventory"). Currently, the suppliers are not willing to pass this on to DELTEX. As a result, DELTEX is faced with the problem of having no knowledge of the materials used in the garments and is thus taking a high risk. The structure of this study is based on the transdisciplinary "delta analysis" of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt. This compares the target state with the actual state and derives a delta from the difference. Based on this, suitable design options are to be developed to close the delta. The study defines the target state on the basis of normative requirements and derives three criteria from this, which can be used to measure design options. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, an online survey and literature research, it examines the current state. The analysis shows that the relevant actors are in an unfavourable incentive and barrier situation. The textile supply chain can be seen as a complex construct in which a whole series of production sites (often in developing and emerging countries where corruption and low environmental standards exist) carry out many processing steps. Chemicals are used at almost all stages of processing, some of which have harmful effects on people and the environment. At the same time, factory workers in the production countries are under enormous price and time pressure and often have insufficient know-how about chemical processes. DELTEX is dependent on its main customer and therefore has little room for price negotiations. To close this delta, the study formulates design options on macro, meso and micro levels and measures them against the developed criteria. None of the measures completely meets all the criteria, which is why a residual delta remains. The study concludes that not one, but rather a combination of several design options at all levels can achieve the target state. For DELTEX, an alliance with other textile importers, membership in the Fair Wear Foundation, strengthening the relationship with its suppliers and cooperation with another customer are recommended. Furthermore, the use of material data tools that support proactive reporting approaches such as a Full Material Declaration is recommended. The study is carried out from the perspective of the textile importer DELTEX. The results can therefore only be applied to the entire textile supply chain to a limited extent.