Journal articles on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in the biomedical and clinical sciences'
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Malik, Jayraj, Vaishali Keluskar, and Sulem Ansari. "Expanding the Role of Oral Physician in Early Diagnosis of Commonly Occurring Systemic Diseases." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221222.
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Dentistry deals with the identification, mitigation, and prevention of diseases of teeth, gums, mouth, and jaw. Dentistry can have an effect on your overall health and for treating patients with chronic diseases and other conditions safely and effectively, dentists need to have a solid knowledge of basic clinical medicine. Dentists should possess the same level of knowledge as physicians in all other branches of medicine due to changes in life expectancy and lifestyles, as well as the rapid advancement of biomedical sciences and help in diagnosing systemic diseases based on oral findings. The present review throws a spotlight on these activities and also suggests some of the measures that can be adopted to modify dental education to turn dentists into oral physicians by early diagnosing of systemic diseases. Key words: Dentistry, disease, education, physician, primary care
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Li, Haiyue, Ruirui Qiao, Thomas P. Davis, and Shi-Yang Tang. "Biomedical Applications of Liquid Metal Nanoparticles: A Critical Review." Biosensors 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10120196.
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This review is focused on the basic properties, production, functionalization, cytotoxicity, and biomedical applications of liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs), with a focus on particles of the size ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers. Applications, including cancer therapy, medical imaging, and pathogen treatment are discussed. LMNPs share similar properties to other metals, such as photothermal conversion ability and a propensity to form surface oxides. Compared to many other metals, especially mercury, the cytotoxicity of gallium is low and is considered by many reports to be safe when applied in vivo. Recent advances in exploring different grafting molecules are reported herein, as surface functionalization is essential to enhance photothermal therapeutic effects of LMNPs or to facilitate drug delivery. This review also outlines properties of LMNPs that can be exploited in making medical imaging contrast agents, ion channel regulators, and anti-pathogenic agents. Finally, a foresight is offered, exemplifying underexplored knowledge and highlighting the research challenges faced by LMNP science and technology in expanding into applications potentially yielding clinical advances.
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Davis, Clay. "Homo adhaerens: Risk and adherence in biomedical HIV prevention research." Social Studies of Science 50, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 860–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312720933943.
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After the turn of the millennium, HIV clinical researchers pivoted from developing and testing new antiretrovirals (ARVs) for treatment, to reconfiguring the same molecules for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In 2012, Truvada became the first HIV therapy to also be approved by the FDA for PrEP, regarded as a magic bullet that promised to end the epidemic. However, six years after its approval, it continues to be inaccessible to those who are most vulnerable. In this article, I critically analyze HIV PrEP clinical trials, dissecting the novel techniques researchers use to demonstrate efficacy. I argue that in making sense of the interplay between adherence to a prophylactic regimen and risk for HIV, biomedical HIV prevention research has revealed a new subject of biopolitics, Homo adhaerens. In the early 2000s, clinical researchers operating in the Global South identified Homo adhaerens as the ideal subject, one who embodies both high-risk behavior and diligent adherence to a daily oral regimen. I trace the construction of Homo adhaerens to the United States, where I listen closely to activists engaged with the ongoing DISCOVER trial of PrEP. Activists either aspire for Homo adhaerens as a standard, making the liberal argument that expanding access could make PrEP successful, or they rebuke the framework of clinical research that produces narrow understandings of adherence, efficacy, and universality. Ultimately, I argue that by failing to grapple with the social realities that underlie poor adherence, PrEP clinical trials produce knowledge that is not useful for those who are most vulnerable.
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Snezhitskiy, V. A., E. A. Moiseenok, and L. S. Lukashevich. "JOURNAL OF THE GRODNO STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IS 20 YEARS OLD: OUR ACHIEVEMENTS." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 20, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2022-20-6-575-578.
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Summary. The scientific and practical peer-reviewed "Journal of the Grodno State Medical University" celebrates its twentieth anniversary. The history of the journal began on November 27, 2002, when it was registered by the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus. Over the years of its existence, the Journal of the Grodno State Medical University has gained the status of an authoritative periodical scientific journal that publishes review and original articles on medical and biomedical topics, the history of medicine, and the features of medical education. In just 20 years, 90 issues of the Journal of the Grodno State Medical University were published, where 2610 scientific articles and reviews appeared. The main purpose of the journal is to provide a wide coverage of scientific achievements in the field of preventive, clinical, experimental medicine and other medical and biological sciences, especially in the context of cross-border cooperation of medical specialists. The editorial policy of the Journal of the Grodno State Medical University is aimed at disseminating and exchanging scientific knowledge, expanding cooperation with domestic and foreign clinical, scientific and educational institutions in order to deepen integration in the field of medical research.
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Senathirajah, Yalini, and Sylvia Pelayo. "Human Factors and Organizational Issues." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 29, no. 01 (August 2020): 099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702012.
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Objective: To select the best papers that made original and high impact contributions in the area of human factors and organizational issues in biomedical informatics in 2019. Methods: A rigorous extraction process based on queries from Web of Science® and PubMed/Medline was conducted to identify the scientific contributions published in 2019 that address human factors and organizational issues in biomedical informatics. The screening of papers on titles and abstracts independently by the two editors led to a total of 30 papers. These papers were discussed for a selection of 15 finalist papers, which were then reviewed by the two editors and by three external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams. Results: The query process resulted in 626 papers that reveal interesting and rigorous methods and important studies in human factors that move the field forward, particularly in clinical informatics and emerging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces. This year three papers were clearly outstanding and help advance the field. They provide examples of applying existing frameworks together in novel and highly illuminating ways, showing the value of theory development in human factors. Conclusion: The selected papers make important contributions to human factors and organizational issues, expanding and deepening our knowledge of how to apply theory and applications of new technologies in health.
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Greenberg-Worisek, Alexandra Joelle, Luz Cumba-Garcia, Nilay Shah, and Anthony Windebank. "3017 Regulatory Science in Translational and Regenerative Medicine Biomedical Education: A Pilot Course." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.172.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: INTRODUCTION: Many of the innovative therapies used in regenerative medicine, such as additive manufacturing and stem cell engineering, rely on novel technologies and techniques for which standards for safety, efficacy, and quality have not been fully explored and established. As these therapies and technologies develop at a rapid pace, there is a need for the development of scientifically-based metrics to assess whether new treatments are effective and safe for clinical translation. Research and development of such standards is known as “regulatory science,” and is needed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to support the creation of the evidence-based guidances and regulations that are used in review of product submissions. As outlined by the FDA’s description of their Centers for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSIs) and the Association for Clinical and Translational Science’s (ACTS) Regulatory Science Working Group, here is a need to train investigators and clinicians to conduct regulatory science research to support successful clinical translation of regenerative treatments. OBJECTIVE: To develop a course to expose scholars to regulatory science concepts, to empower them to apply these concepts to their personal areas of research, and to challenge them to engage in the dialogue surrounding regulatory science on a national level. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: METHODS: The “Introduction to Regulatory Science” course was developed jointly by the Yale-Mayo CERSI and the Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCaTS) in 2017 as a didactic in-person survey course. The course objectives included exposing scholars to the ideas of regulatory science and affairs; reviewing the FDA’s Priority Areas for Advancing Regulatory Science; and determining what safety, quality, and efficacy concerns may need to be addressed when using new technologies, such as those used in regenerative medicine research. To meet these intended learning objectives, the course addressed one FDA Priority area each week, with a team of experts providing one-hour of lecture and discussion each class session. Regenerative medicine-related topics included a bioethics of stem cell therapy development, evaluation of additive manufacturing as an emerging technology, and the application of cGMPs to the manufacture of new therapies. Assignments and assessments included a quiz each week, which served as a knowledge check of that week’s lecture content, and a final paper analyzing regulatory concerns associated with a technology or product of the scholar’s choosing. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: RESULTS: The course was first delivered as an elective in 2017, with an enrollment of 8 scholars and 3 auditors. Scholars enrolled included 7 trainees and established investigators from Mayo Clinic Rochester and one from Arizona. Of the 8 scholars enrolled, 7 completed the post-course survey. Scholars strongly agreed that the “course objectives were met” (7/7) and that the “course was well worth the effort I put into it” (7/7). Five scholars stated that they learned “a lot” during the course; two said they learned “an incredible amount.” Scholars unanimously gave the course a grade of “A.” Qualitative feedback was positive, indicating that the team-taught and in-person course design choices were highlights for trainees. The course is currently in its second delivery (2018), with an enrollment of 16 scholars across Mayo Clinic Rochester, Arizona, and Florida. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: CONCLUSIONS: The developed course was successfully piloted and well-received. Scholars reported that they agreed that the course aims were achieved, and indicated that they would like to see additional coursework to continue to learn how to engage in regulatory science. Next steps include utilizing course feedback to iterate on the current course, expanding course delivery to include scholars at the Yale site of the Yale-Mayo CERSI, and the creation of a second course.
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Senathirajah, Yalini, and Michelle Hribar. "Human Factors and Organizational Issues Section Synopsis IMIA Yearbook 2021." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 30, no. 01 (August 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726524.
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Objective: To select the best papers that made original and high impact contributions in the area of human factors and organizational issues in biomedical informatics in 2020. Methods: A rigorous extraction process based on queries from Web of Science® and PubMed/Medline was conducted to identify the scientific contributions published in 2020 that address human factors and organizational issues in biomedical informatics. The screening of papers on titles and abstracts independently by the two section editors led to a total of 1,562 papers. These papers were discussed for a selection of 12 finalist papers, which were then reviewed by the two section editors, two chief editors, and by three external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams. Results: The query process resulted in 12 papers that reveal interesting and rigorous methods and important studies in human factors that move the field forward, particularly in clinical informatics and emerging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces. This year three papers were clearly outstanding and help advance in the field. They provide examples of applying existing frameworks together in novel and highly illuminating ways, showing the value of theory development in human factors. Emerging themes included several which discussed physician burnout, mobile health, and health equity. Those concerning the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) were included as part of that section. Conclusion: The selected papers make important contributions to human factors and organizational issues, expanding and deepening our knowledge of how to apply theory and applications of new technologies in health.
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Senathirajah, Yalini, and Anthony E. Solomonides. "Best Papers in Human Factors and Sociotechnical Development." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 31, no. 01 (August 2022): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742543.
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Objectives: To select the best papers that made original and high impact contributions in human factors and organizational issues in biomedical informatics in 2021. Methods: A rigorous extraction process based on queries from Web of Science® and PubMed/Medline was conducted to identify the scientific contributions published in 2021 that address human factors and organizational issues in biomedical informatics. The screening of papers on titles and abstracts independently by the two section editors led to a total of 3,206 papers. These papers were discussed for a selection of 12 finalist papers, which were then reviewed by the two section editors, two chief editors, and by three external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams. Results: The query process resulted in 12 papers that reveal interesting and rigorous methods and important studies in human factors that move the field forward, particularly in clinical informatics and emerging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces and mobile health. This year three papers were clearly outstanding and help advance in the field. They provide examples of examining novel and important topics such as the nature of human-machine interaction behavior and norms, use of social-media based design for an electronic health record, and emerging topics such as brain-computer interfaces. thematic development of electronic health records and usability techniques, and condition-focused patient facing tools. Those concerning the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were included as part of that section. Conclusion: The selected papers make important contributions to human factors and organizational issues, expanding and deepening our knowledge of how to apply theory and applications of new technologies in health.
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Yang, Heyoung, and Eunsoo Sohn. "Expanding Our Understanding of COVID-19 from Biomedical Literature Using Word Embedding." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063005.
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A better understanding of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is urgently required to address this health crisis. Numerous researchers and pharmaceutical companies are working on developing vaccines and treatments; however, a clear solution has yet to be found. The current study proposes the use of artificial intelligence methods to comprehend biomedical knowledge and infer the characteristics of COVID-19. A biomedical knowledge base was established via FastText, a word embedding technique, using PubMed literature from the past decade. Subsequently, a new knowledge base was created using recently published COVID-19 articles. Using this newly constructed knowledge base from the word embedding model, a list of anti-infective drugs and proteins of either human or coronavirus origin were inferred to be related, because they are located close to COVID-19 on the knowledge base. This study attempted to form a method to quickly infer related information about COVID-19 using the existing knowledge base, before sufficient knowledge about COVID-19 is accumulated. With COVID-19 not completely overcome, machine learning-based research in the PubMed literature will provide a broad guideline for researchers and pharmaceutical companies working on treatments for COVID-19.
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Hannestad, Lance M., Vlado Dančík, Meera Godden, Imelda W. Suen, Kenneth C. Huellas-Bruskiewicz, Benjamin M. Good, Christopher J. Mungall, and Richard M. Bruskiewich. "Knowledge Beacons: Web services for data harvesting of distributed biomedical knowledge." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): e0231916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231916.
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The continually expanding distributed global compendium of biomedical knowledge is diffuse, heterogeneous and huge, posing a serious challenge for biomedical researchers in knowledge harvesting: accessing, compiling, integrating and interpreting data, information and knowledge. In order to accelerate research towards effective medical treatments and optimizing health, it is critical that efficient and automated tools for identifying key research concepts and their experimentally discovered interrelationships are developed. As an activity within the feasibility phase of a project called “Translator” (https://ncats.nih.gov/translator) funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) to develop a biomedical science knowledge management platform, we designed a Representational State Transfer (REST) web services Application Programming Interface (API) specification, which we call a Knowledge Beacon. Knowledge Beacons provide a standardized basic API for the discovery of concepts, their relationships and associated supporting evidence from distributed online repositories of biomedical knowledge. This specification also enforces the annotation of knowledge concepts and statements to the NCATS endorsed the Biolink Model data model and semantic encoding standards (https://biolink.github.io/biolink-model/). Implementation of this API on top of diverse knowledge sources potentially enables their uniform integration behind client software which will facilitate research access and integration of biomedical knowledge. Availability The API and associated software is open source and currently available for access at https://github.com/NCATS-Tangerine/translator-knowledge-beacon.
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EISENBERG, REBECCA S. "Shifting institutional roles in biomedical innovation in a learning healthcare system." Journal of Institutional Economics 14, no. 6 (April 10, 2018): 1139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000115.
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AbstractThe use of information technology in healthcare has accelerated progress toward the long-term goal of a learning healthcare system, in which data from prior clinical experience provides an ever-expanding resource to guide continuous improvements in health care. Although still in its early stages, the use of data from clinical experience to supplement data from premarket testing is changing the roles of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and public and private health insurers in healthcare innovation and technology assessment. It could change who decides what research questions to pursue, whose evidentiary standards decide what counts as actionable knowledge, and who pays the costs of research. The shape and direction of resulting changes will depend on which actors and institutions decide to step forward and claim a larger role in healthcare innovation in response to technological and regulatory change.
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Khatua, Somanjana, Swarnendu Chandra, and Krishnendu Acharya. "Expanding knowledge on Russula alatoreticula, a novel mushroom from tribal cuisine, with chemical and pharmaceutical relevance." Cytotechnology 71, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10616-018-0280-y.
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Ketchell, Debra S., Ryan Max Steinberg, Charles Yates, and Heidi A. Heilemann. "LaneConnex: An Integrated Biomedical Digital Library Interface." Information Technology and Libraries 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v28i1.3170.
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<span>This paper describes one approach to creating a search application that unlocks heterogeneous content stores and incorporates integrative functionality of Web search engines. LaneConnex is a search interface that identifies journals, books, databases, calculators, bioinformatics tools, help information, and search hits from more than three hundred full-text heterogeneous clinical and bioresearch sources. The user interface is a simple query box. Results are ranked by relevance with options for filtering by content type or expanding to the next most likely set. The system is built using component-oriented programming design. The underlying architecture is built on Apache Cocoon, Java Servlets, XML/XSLT, SQL, and JavaScript. The system has proven reliable in production, reduced user time spent finding information on the site, and maximized the institutional investment in licensed resources.</span>
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Jansen, L., and S. Schulz. "Formal Ontologies in Biomedical Knowledge Representation." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 22, no. 01 (August 2013): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638845.
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Summary Objectives: Medical decision support and other intelligent applications in the life sciences depend on increasing amounts of digital information. Knowledge bases as well as formal ontologies are being used to organize biomedical knowledge and data. However, these two kinds of artefacts are not always clearly distinguished. Whereas the popular RDF(S) standard provides an intuitive triple-based representation, it is semantically weak. Description logics based ontology languages like OWL-DL carry a clear-cut semantics, but they are computationally expensive, and they are often misinterpreted to encode all kinds of statements, including those which are not ontological. Method: We distinguish four kinds of statements needed to comprehensively represent domain knowledge: universal statements, terminological statements, statements about particulars and contingent statements. We argue that the task of formal ontologies is solely to represent universal statements, while the non-ontological kinds of statements can nevertheless be connected with ontological representations. To illustrate these four types of representations, we use a running example from parasitology. Results: We finally formulate recommendations for semantically adequate ontologies that can efficiently be used as a stable framework for more context-dependent biomedical knowledge representation and reasoning applications like clinical decision support systems.
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Payne, Philip R. O., Peter J. Embi, and Chandan K. Sen. "Translational informatics: enabling high-throughput research paradigms." Physiological Genomics 39, no. 3 (November 2009): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00050.2009.
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A common thread throughout the clinical and translational research domains is the need to collect, manage, integrate, analyze, and disseminate large-scale, heterogeneous biomedical data sets. However, well-established and broadly adopted theoretical and practical frameworks and models intended to address such needs are conspicuously absent in the published literature or other reputable knowledge sources. Instead, the development and execution of multidisciplinary, clinical, or translational studies are significantly limited by the propagation of “silos” of both data and expertise. Motivated by this fundamental challenge, we report upon the current state and evolution of biomedical informatics as it pertains to the conduct of high-throughput clinical and translational research and will present both a conceptual and practical framework for the design and execution of informatics-enabled studies. The objective of presenting such findings and constructs is to provide the clinical and translational research community with a common frame of reference for discussing and expanding upon such models and methodologies.
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Mclaughlin, Kevin, Kerri Novak, Remy Rikers, and Henk Schmidt. "Does Applying Biomedical Knowledge Improve Diagnostic Performance When Solving Electrolyte Problems?" Canadian Medical Education Journal 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2010): e4-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36521.
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Introduction. If physicians apply clinical rather than biomedical knowledge when diagnosing, why do we use the basic sciences as the foundation for clinical teaching? In this study we evaluated the contribution of biomedical knowledge to diagnostic performance when solving electrolyte problems. Method. We asked 13 medical students and 19 nephrologists to solve electrolyte problems while thinking aloud, and determined biomedical knowledge application by protocol analysis. We used logistic regression to study the association between biomedical concepts, clinical experience, and performance.Results. Students and nephrologists applied a similar number of biomedical concepts per case (1.8 (±1.1) vs. 1.8 (±1.2), respectively, p = 0.8), but nephrologists were more successful (86.8% vs. 63.5%, p = 0.003). We found a significant interaction between expertise and applying biomedical concepts (p < 0.05). For students the odds of success increased significantly with applying biomedical concepts (odds ratio 4.66 [2.07, 10.48], p < 0.001), whereas for nephrologists there was only a trend towards improved performance (odds ratio 1.72 [0.94, 3.11], p = 0.07). Conclusions. Our results suggest that improving biomedical knowledge of students should improve their performance on electrolyte problems. The performance of experienced physicians may also be improved, but this requires further study before teaching recommendations can be made.
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Halskov, Jakob, and Caroline Barrière. "Web-based extraction of semantic relation instances for terminology work." Terminology 14, no. 1 (June 25, 2008): 20–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.14.1.03hal.
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This article describes the implementation and evaluation of WWW2REL, a domain-independent and pattern-based knowledge discovery system which extracts semantic relation instances from text fragments on the WWW so as to assist terminologists updating or expanding existing ontologies. Unlike most comparable systems, WWW2REL is special in that it can be applied to any semantic relation type and operates directly on unannotated and uncategorized WWW text snippets rather than static repositories of academic papers from the target domain. The WWW is used for knowledge pattern (KP) discovery, KP filtering and relation instance discovery. The system is tested with the help of the biomedical UMLS Metathesaurus for four different relation types and is manually evaluated by four domain experts. This system evaluation shows how ranking relation instances by a measure of “knowledge pattern range” and applying two heuristics yields an average performance of 70% to 65% of the maximum possible F-score by top 10 and top 50 instances, respectively. Importantly, results show that much valuable information not present in the UMLS can be found through the proposed method. Finally, the article examines the domain-dependence of different aspects of the pattern-based knowledge discovery approach proposed.
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Bodenreider, O., and A. Burgun. "Accessing and Integrating Data and Knowledge for Biomedical Research." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 17, no. 01 (August 2008): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638588.
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Summary Objectives To review the issues that have arisen with the advent of translational research in terms of integration of data and knowledge, and survey current efforts to address these issues. MethodsUsing examples form the biomedical literature, we identified new trends in biomedical research and their impact on bioinformatics. We analyzed the requirements for effective knowledge repositories and studied issues in the integration of biomedical knowledge. Results New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on gene expression patterns have brought about new issues in the statistical analysis of data, and new workflows are needed are needed to support translational research. Interoperable data repositories based on standard annotations, infrastructures and services are needed to support the pooling and meta-analysis of data, as well as their comparison to earlier experiments. High-quality, integrated ontologies and knowledge bases serve as a source of prior knowledge used in combination with traditional data mining techniques and contribute to the development of more effective data analysis strategies. Conclusion As biomedical research evolves from traditional clinical and biological investigations towards omics sciences and translational research, specific needs have emerged, including integrating data collected in research studies with patient clinical data, linking omics knowledge with medical knowledge, modeling the molecular basis of diseases, and developing tools that support in-depth analysis of research data. As such, translational research illustrates the need to bridge the gap between bioinformatics and medical informatics, and opens new avenues for biomedical informatics research.
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Weber, César Augusto Trinta, and Mario Francisco Juruena. "Day hospital and psychosocial care center: Expanding the discussion of partial hospitalization in mental health." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 62, no. 4 (July 2016): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.04.361.
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Summary Introduction: Since the second half of the twentieth century the discussions about mental patient care reveal ongoing debate between two health care paradigms: the biomedical/biopsychosocial paradigm and the psychosocial paradigm. The struggle for hegemony over the forms of care, on how to deal optimally with the experience of becoming ill is underpinned by an intentionality of reorganizing knowledge about the health/disease dichotomy, which is reflected in the models proposed for the implementation of actions and services for the promotion, prevention, care and rehabilitation of human health. Objective: To discuss the guidelines of care in mental health day hospitals (MHDH) in contrast to type III psychosocial care centers (CAPS III). Method: Review of mental health legislation from 1990 to 2014. Results: A definition of therapeutic project could not be found, as well as which activities and techniques should be employed by these health services. Conclusion: The MHDH and PCC III are services that replace psychiatric hospital admission and are characterized by their complementarity in the care to the mentally ill. Due to their varied and distinctive intervention methods, which operate synergistically, the contributions from both models of care are optimized. Discussions on the best mental health care model reveal polarization between the biomedical/biopsychosocial and psychosocial paradigms. This reflects the supremacy of the latter over the former in the political-ideological discourse that circumscribes the reform of psychiatric care, which may hinder a better clinical outcome for patients and their families.
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Kugler, Karl, Maria Mercedes Tejada, Christian Baumgartner, Bernhard Tilg, Armin Graber, and Bernhard Pfeifer. "Bridging Data Management and Knowledge Discovery in the Life Sciences." Open Bioinformatics Journal 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2008): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036200802010028.
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In this work we present an application for integrating and analyzing life science data using a biomedical data warehouse system and tools developed in-house enabling knowledge discovery tasks. Knowledge discovery is known as a process where different steps have to be coupled in order to solve a specified question. In order to create such a combination of steps, a data miner using our in-house developed knowledge discovery tool KD3 is able to assemble functional objects to a data mining workflow. The generated workflows can easily be used for ulterior purposes by only adding new data and parameterizing the functional objects in the process. Workflows guide the performance of data integration and aggregation tasks, which were defined and implemented using a public available open source tool. To prove the concept of our application, intelligent query models were designed and tested for the identification of genotype-phenotype correlations in Marfan Syndrome. It could be shown that by using our application, a data miner can easily develop new knowledge discovery algorithms that may later be used to retrieve medical relevant information by clinical researchers.
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Lai, Pei Kuan, S. Nalliah, C. L. Teng, and N. L. P. Chen. "Impact and paybacks of biomedical research findings in Malaysia 2005‐2015." Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426421x16328403229964.
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Background: Impact in research encompasses health, economic, and cultural benefits beyond adding to the knowledge base. Funders are under immense pressure to be accountable for the paybacks from funded research.Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to look into the impact of funded biomedical research between the years 2005 and 2015 in Malaysia from the aspects of knowledge production, research targeting and capacity building, as well as health system policy and decision making.Methods: This study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods research design. Biomedical projects related to breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and dengue, funded by the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), and Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI) between the years 2005 and 2015, were included.Findings: From the questionnaire responses (n=58), on average each funded project managed to produce two outputs and one higher degree student. More than half (61.4%) of the funded projects led to subsequent future research. However, low citations in systematic reviews (10.3%), health policies (6.9%), and clinical practice guidelines (5.2%) were reported. In-depth interviews with the key opinion leaders also saw that most of the local research findings were found to be irrelevant to be adopted into policies by the policymakers.Discussion and conclusions: Paybacks on knowledge production as well as research targeting and capacity building had been achieved, but impact on health system policy and decision making had not been well attained, due to the lack of relevant research findings needed by the policymakers.
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Trubetskov, A. D. "To the question of the history of the development of knowledge about pneumoconiosis." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 6 (May 25, 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2006-09.
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The article analyzes the relevance of Gottleib Merkel's monograph "Dust diseases" in the context of modern technical, biomedical and social changes. The relevance of the data provided by the author for understanding the development of the doctrine of pathogenesis, morphological disorders and the clinical picture of occupational lung diseases is indicated.
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Fischer, Katja, and David J. Kemp. "Scabies and bacterial skin infections at a molecular level." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 5 (2009): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09177.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are nearly 20 times more likely to die from acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) than individuals from the wider Australian community. ARF and RHD as well as high rates of renal disease have been clearly linked to scabies infestations as the major driving force of streptococcal pyoderma in children of Indigenous communities, underlying 50 to 70% of all skin infections. In addition, patients are facing mite resistance against current anti-scabetic therapeutics. Community-based initiatives have been recently expanding and today form the major existing body of knowledge surrounding scabies. Critical biological questions, however, remain unanswered, due to the lack of biomedical research in the area. In the context of the current failure to overcome the social dimensions of Indigenous health issues, molecular approaches that have only now become possible may well lead to vaccines or other clinical interventions and hence to an improvement of the situation.
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Bezerra, Italla Maria Pinheiro. "Translational medicine and its contribution to public health." Journal of Human Growth and Development 27, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127642.
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Translational medicine is a new paradigm that propitiates the transfer of knowledge built in the experimental laboratory to clinical practice and correlates with the field of Public Health, although there are still challenges. However, several professionals from different fields of knowledge, from researchers and managers of health care area as well as students of the exact sciences, have been conducting research with this focus, from the knowledge generated in the biomedical laboratories or not, correlating to those produced in basic and applied sciences, focusing on the improvement of health services.
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Mi, Xue, Xuelong Su, Ziyan Jin, Linan Zeng, Zhuo Li, Xiaowen Wang, Peng Zhang, and Yan Zuo. "Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services in China: a systematic review." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e034862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034862.
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ObjectiveThis article reviewed research conducted on economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) in China. We aimed to identify the types of CPS and the possible economic effects of these services and to hopefully provide some suggestions for designing future economic evaluations of pharmacy interventions in the region.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesSeveral English databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database), Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and WanFang Data) and search engines (Google Scholar and BaiDu Scholar) were searched through December 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies with an economic assessment of CPSs in China were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, assessed the quality of the included studies and then qualitatively analysed the results.ResultsForty articles were included in the final analysis. Most studies were performed in hospitals and the intervention populations mainly included adults. The types of pharmaceutical services included antimicrobial management, chronic disease state management and multidimensional clinical pharmaceutical services. A positive economic benefit associated with CPS was noted in 80% (n=32) of these articles, showing that CPS were associated with cost savings and improved patient outcomes. However, only three studies were full economic evaluations, using the method of cost-effectiveness analysis.ConclusionCPS was associated with cost savings and generated positive economic value. With the expanding role of pharmacists in the healthcare sector, it is suggested that new pharmaceutical services be used in future studies and that high-quality full economic evaluations capturing both expenses and cost savings be conducted.
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Zulkiflee, Izzat, and Mh Busra Fauzi. "Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Film for Tissue Engineering: A Concise Review." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080979.
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The field of biomaterials has been steadily expanding as a large number of pharmaceutical and manufacturing companies invest in research in order to commercialize biomaterial products. Various three-dimensional biomaterials have been explored including film, hydrogel, sponge, microspheres etc., depending on different applications. Thus, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are widely used as a natural- and synthetic-based biomaterial, respectively, for tissue engineering and clinical settings. The combination of these materials has proven its synergistic effects in wound-healing applications. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the hybrid gelatin and PVA thin film development and evaluate its potential characteristics for tissue engineering applications from existing published evidence (within year 2010–2020). The primary key factor for polymers mixing technology might improve the quality and the efficacy of the intended polymers. This review provides a concise overview of the current knowledge for hybrid gelatin and PVA with the method of fabricating and mixing technology into thin films. Additionally, the findings guided to an optimal fabrication method and scrutinised characterisation parameters of fabricated gelatin-PVA thin film. In conclusion, hybrid gelatin-PVA thin film has higher potential as a treatment for various biomedical and clinical applications.
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Suk, William A., Michelle L. Heacock, Brittany A. Trottier, Sara M. Amolegbe, Maureen D. Avakian, Danielle J. Carlin, Heather F. Henry, Adeline R. Lopez, and Lesley A. Skalla. "Benefits of basic research from the Superfund Research Program." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0104.
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AbstractThe National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program [Superfund Research Program (SRP)] funds transdisciplinary research projects spanning the biomedical and environmental sciences to address issues related to potentially hazardous substances. We used a case study approach to identify how SRP-funded basic biomedical research has had an impact on society. We examined how transdisciplinary research projects from the SRP have advanced knowledge and led to additional clinical, public health, policy, and economic benefits. SRP basic biomedical research findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and influenced a broad range of scientific disciplines. It has informed the development of policies and interventions to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants to improve public health. Research investments by the SRP have had a significant impact on science, health, and society. Documenting the benefits of these investments provides insight into how basic research is translated to real-world applications.
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Ludwig, Beatrice S., Horst Kessler, Susanne Kossatz, and Ute Reuning. "RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field." Cancers 13, no. 7 (April 4, 2021): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071711.
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Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Bollinger, Juli M., Peter D. Zuk, Mary A. Majumder, Erika Versalovic, Angela G. Villanueva, Rebecca L. Hsu, Amy L. McGuire, and Robert Cook-Deegan. "What is a Medical Information Commons?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, no. 1 (2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519840483.
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A 2011 National Academies of Sciences report called for an “Information Commons” and a “Knowledge Network” to revolutionize biomedical research and clinical care. We interviewed 41 expert stakeholders to examine governance, access, data collection, and privacy in the context of a medical information commons. Stakeholders' attitudes about MICs align with the NAS vision of an Information Commons; however, differences of opinion regarding clinical use and access warrant further research to explore policy and technological solutions.
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Spring, Bonnie, Ekaterina A. Klyachko, Phillip W. Rak, H. Gene McFadden, Donald Hedeker, Juned Siddique, Leland R. Bardsley, and Angela Fidler Pfammatter. "Online, cross-disciplinary team science training for health and medical professionals: Evaluation of COALESCE (teamscience.net)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, no. 2-3 (June 2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.383.
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AbstractIntroduction:The National Academies of Sciences (NAS) emphasize the need for interdisciplinary team science (TS) training, but few training resources are available. COALESCE, an open-access tool developed with National Institutes of Health support and located at teamscience.net, is considered a gold standard resource but has not previously been evaluated. COALESCE launched four learning modules in 2011. The Science of TS (SciTS) module, an interactive encyclopedia, introduces foundational concepts. Three scenario-based modules simulate TS challenges in behavioral, clinical, and basic biomedical sciences. This study examined user characteristics, usage patterns, and effects of completing the four modules on TS knowledge, attitudes, and skills.Methods:Repeated measures ANOVA tested for pre-post changes in performance and compared learning by users with biomedical versus other disciplinary backgrounds.Results:From 2011 through 2017, the site attracted 16,280 new users who engaged in 6461 sessions that lasted more than 1 min. The modal registrant identified as working in a biomedical field (47%), in an academic institution (72%), and expressed greater interest in the practice than the SciTS (67%). Those completing pre- and post-tests (n = 989) showed significant improvement in knowledge, attitudes, and skills after taking all scenario-based modules (p < 0.005); knowledge and attitudes were unchanged after the SciTS encyclopedia. Biomedical and other health professionals improved comparably.Conclusion:Evaluation of the TS training tool at teamscience.net indicates broad dissemination and positive TS-related outcomes. Site upgrades implemented between 2018 and 2020, including adding five new modules, are expected to increase the robustness and accessibility of the COALESCE training resource.
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Gomez-Cabrero, David, Albert Compte, and Jesper Tegner. "Workflow for generating competing hypothesis from models with parameter uncertainty." Interface Focus 1, no. 3 (March 30, 2011): 438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2011.0015.
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Mathematical models are increasingly used in life sciences. However, contrary to other disciplines, biological models are typically over-parametrized and loosely constrained by scarce experimental data and prior knowledge. Recent efforts on analysis of complex models have focused on isolated aspects without considering an integrated approach—ranging from model building to derivation of predictive experiments and refutation or validation of robust model behaviours. Here, we develop such an integrative workflow, a sequence of actions expanding upon current efforts with the purpose of setting the stage for a methodology facilitating an extraction of core behaviours and competing mechanistic hypothesis residing within underdetermined models. To this end, we make use of optimization search algorithms, statistical (machine-learning) classification techniques and cluster-based analysis of the state variables' dynamics and their corresponding parameter sets. We apply the workflow to a mathematical model of fat accumulation in the arterial wall (atherogenesis), a complex phenomena with limited quantitative understanding, thus leading to a model plagued with inherent uncertainty. We find that the mathematical atherogenesis model can still be understood in terms of a few key behaviours despite the large number of parameters. This result enabled us to derive distinct mechanistic predictions from the model despite the lack of confidence in the model parameters. We conclude that building integrative workflows enable investigators to embrace modelling of complex biological processes despite uncertainty in parameters.
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Ahmad Rajion, Zainul. "Introduction to IJOHS." IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v1i1.19.
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It gives me great pleasure to write the foreword for the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences (IJOHS). The field of orofacial and health sciences is not static and the demand for studies addressing the large variety of current issues continues to grow. As an example, in medicine and dentistry, the planning and evaluation of maxillofacial surgery are dependent on advances in biomedical imaging for defining the underlying bony structures and their relationship to overlying soft tissue. Recently, the availability of state-of-the-art computed tomography (CT) has altered our approach to the analysis of complex craniofacial anomalies. Furthermore, the sophistication of medical imaging of the head and neck has advance significantly as a result of the marriage of computers and radiology and their close research collaboration between researchers and scientist, engineers and clinicians. In view of this demand and the fact that numerous research findings published, there is a need for this journal, aims to bring together dentist, doctors and scientists, and other disciplines including computer expert and engineers to work together. Therefore, this journal hopes to create a medium for sharing ideas and importantly to provide a springboard for the application of multi-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approaches with the common interest to share their knowledge and experience in many aspects of orofacial and health sciences. In addition to recognize, nurture and encourage scientific thinking that is required for the development and application of expanding biomedical knowledge and to foster scholarly interaction between them therefore contributing to the creation and improvement of sciences.IJOHS is proud to launch its inaugural issue to keep informed of the activities and progress made. The editorial team believed that IJOHS will become the important source for the continuous research and commentary by offering an exceptional forum for the ongoing activities of the above professionals and to keep abreast of current trend and future developments. We look forward to working together to achieve this important goal. May I also take this opportunity to extend my grateful thanks to the Dean of the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, Dr. Salwana Supa’at for electing me as Chief Editor.
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Pentecost, Michelle, Berna Gerber, Megan Wainwright, and Thomas Cousins. "Critical orientations for humanising health sciences education in South Africa." Medical Humanities 44, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011472.
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In this article, the authors make a case for the ’humanisation' and ’decolonisation' of health sciences curricula in South Africa, usingintegrationas a guiding framework.Integrationrefers to an education that is built on a consolidated conceptual framework that includes and equally values the natural or biomedical sciences as well as the humanities, arts and social sciences, respecting that all of this knowledge has value for the practice of healthcare. An integrated curriculum goes beyond add-on or elective courses in the humanities and social sciences. It is a curriculum that includes previously marginalised sources of knowledge(challenging knowledge hierarchies and decolonising curricula); addresses an appropriate intellectual self-image in health sciences education(challenging the image of the health professional); promotes understanding of history and social context, centring issues of inclusion, access and social justice(cultivating a social ethic)and finally, focuses on care and relatedness as an essential aspect of clinical work(embedding relatedness in practice). The article offers a brief historical overview of challenges in health and health sciences education in South Africa since 1994, followed by a discussion of contemporary developments in critical health sciences pedagogies and the medical and health humanities in South Africa. It then draws on examples from South Africa to outline how these four critical orientations or competencies might be applied in practice, to educate health professionals that can meet the challenges of health and healthcare in contemporary South Africa.
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Guzman, Carlos R., Stephanie Young, Paul Rabedeaux, Seth D. Lerner, Paul F. Wimmers, Craig Byus, and Jonathan J. Wisco. "Student Perceived Value of Anatomy Pedagogy, Part II: Clinical Practice and Assessment." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 2 (January 2015): JMECD.S17497. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jmecd.s17497.
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We describe student beliefs of how anatomy education influenced their preparation for standardized clinical assessments and clinical skills. We conducted three annual surveys of students of the David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM) at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and students of the University of California, Riverside (UCR)/UCLA Thomas Haider Program in Biomedical Sciences from 2010 to 2012. Students were asked, “What specific knowledge or skills did you learn from your gross anatomy experience that helped you prepare for USMLE board exams, third-year clerkships, and physical examination skills?” All students who responded to the survey viewed anatomy as a highly valued part of the medical curriculum. Almost all students felt that anatomy knowledge in general was useful for their success with United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) exams, how they perceived their physical exam skills, and how they perceived their preparation for third- or fourth-year clerkships. On the other hand, when asked about how the anatomy curriculum helped prepare students for fourth-year clerkships, there was a downward trend over a three-year period with each subsequent class. Although anatomy is a highly valued part of the medical school experience, students value integration of the anatomical and clinical sciences, as evidenced by a perceived diminishing value of anatomy pedagogy taught outside of clinical context with subsequent classes over the course of three years.
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Nakaya, Jun, and Hiroshi Tanaka. "Research and Education for Biomedical Informatics at Tokyo Medical and Dental University." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 16, no. 01 (August 2007): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638540.
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SummaryBased on a basic concept of “Systems Life Science: understanding life and disease as a unified system”, we move forward in research, empirical implementation, and making contributions to healthcare policy.We integrate bioinformatics and medical informatics for identifying critical issues in biological science and solving medical challenges with a concept of “Systems Life Science” which consists of “Systems Evolutionary Biology” for basic science, “Systems Pathology” for clinical sciences, and an empirical medical informatics for future medicine.Our laboratory is an integrated laboratory consisting of a computational biology group in the School of Biomedical Sciences (SBS), a bioinformatics group in the Medical Research Institute (MRI), and a medical informatics group in the Information Center for Medical Sciences (ICMS) with a philosophy of “Empirical Systems Life Science”.Based on the philosophy of “Empirical Systems Life Science”, we continue to forward our research, education, systems implementations, and international standardization efforts. We believe that this approach will become a fundamental and effective way to uncover many of the secrets of life processes, and to help/solve complex issues for future medicine in this post genomic era with exceedingly rapidly growing amounts of -omics data and knowledge.
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Ohno-Machado, Lucila. "Abstract IA10: Finding, accessing, interoperating with, and reusing clinical data in artificial intelligence applications." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 29, no. 9_Supplement (September 1, 2020): IA10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.modpop19-ia10.
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Abstract I will present recent initiatives to promote FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data utilization for biomedical research and health care. Among these initiatives are a Data Discovery Index developed for NIH’s Big Data to Knowledge initiative, and several tools to protect privacy while applying artificial intelligence/machine learning methods on electronic health record data. Finally, I will contrast institution-based and patient-based strategies to share health care data for research. Citation Format: Lucila Ohno-Machado. Finding, accessing, interoperating with, and reusing clinical data in artificial intelligence applications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
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Bernardo-Filho, Mario. "Editorial." Brazilian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 18, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/bjhbs.2019.53044.
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Dear all,It is my pleasure to introduce the BrazilianJournal of Health and Biomedical Sciences (BJHBS).The history of the Journal goes back to 1982, startingunder the title “Medicina HC-UERJ”. At that time, theJournal was created to be vehicle for the disseminationof experience, research, and didactic guidelines ofsubjects related to biomedical area of HUPE, theuniversity hospital of the State University of Rio deJaneiro (UERJ). The publication goes through somehardships from 1991 until 2001. Afterwards, in 2002,the Journal goes back to being published entitled as“Revista do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto –UERJ”, HUPE Journal.In 2019, following actions towards expanding thescope of the Journal, the Editorial Board has decided toreview its title one more time, going for BJHBS. The aimof the Journal is to raise the quality of the publicationsand expand our network of international scientificcooperation. The Journal is also focused in promotingtranslation of basic research into clinical investigationand converting clinical evidence into practice. Theidea is to build strategies to improve health in differentlevels, from education to high technology.BJHBS is a multidisciplinary publication organizedto produce highly impactful articles. The editorialpolicy accepts articles covering a variety of themesin health and biomedical sciences with severalapproaches, if they are not in simultaneous analysisfor publication in any other journal. The Journalstrongly stimulates undergraduate and graduatestudents to submit papers sharing their scientificexperience abroad.The participation of the Associate Editors andthe Editorial Board is highly desired to expandBJHBS’ visibility in the scientific world. As part of thepublication ethics, the BJHBS promptly rejects anyplagiarism and self-plagiarism practices. It featuressections dedicated to original research, literaturereviews, case reports, and letters to the editor.Papers must be submitted in one of three languages:Portuguese, Spanish, and English.In this issue, papers with different approaches arepresented. There are studies in basic sciences and clinicalevaluations, as well as an article regarding occupationalexposures reported by patients with leukemia.You are welcome to contribute with a manuscriptin your area of expertise to BJHBS at any time.
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Prof. Dr. Abu Bakar Munir (Ph.D.). "Editorial of International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Health Sciences." International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v3i2.59.
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It is a great pleasure to introduce this issue on emerging ideas in health services research, biological, pharmaceutical, integrated health sciences in the International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences (IJPIHS). We editor encourage studies with rigorous methodology and contributions because this is essential to ensure that the conclusions drawn from the journal's publications are true and reliable. All articles provide interesting, novel and useful results covering different areas pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacology, natural product research, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, biotechnology, environmental sciences and genetic engineering. The newest studies dealing with biomedical applications are summarized in this issue of IJPIHS, with "new frontiers" playing a crucial role in this regard. Review articles and original research covering all facets of pharmaceutical and integrated health sciences, as well as cutting-edge protocols and techniques to assess healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding various clinical issues, are among the contributions for this issue.
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Sika-Paotonu, Dianne. "The utilization of a clinically relevant Immunological research case example within undergraduate biomedical sciences education." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 113.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.113.12.
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Abstract Mechanistic and cellular Immunology related teaching and learning content can be difficult to assimilate when being introduced for the first time even when appropriate scientific language communication is being utilized. To support the application of scientific Immunological content information and facilitate the in-depth understanding within the clinical context, integration of clinically relevant Immunological course elements and related research teaching examples into undergraduate biomedical sciences education are needed. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune condition caused by untreated Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infection of the upper respiratory tract (and possibly skin). Multiple or severe attacks of ARF can cause permanent cardiac damage known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Rates of ARF in New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific are among the highest in the world. Management for ARF requires painful monthly injections for at least 10 years of a type of Penicillin known as Benzathine Penicilin G (BPG). A less painful and longer acting BPG formulation is urgently needed would help prevent recurrence of ARF. Work being undertaken in New Zealand seeks to make a more appropriate form of Peniclilin for ARF and RHD. The purpose of this work was to successfully incorporate ARF as a clinically relevant case example within undergraduate Immunological course teaching. Students demonstrated improved improved in-class engagement and ability to answer in-class questions in addition to better understanding and recall of Immunological concepts. Student knowledge and understanding of Immunology was achieved using integration of a clinically relevant Immunological condition for undergraduate biomedical education.
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Salter, Brian, and Charlotte Salter. "Controlling new knowledge: Genomic science, governance and the politics of bioinformatics." Social Studies of Science 47, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312716681210.
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The rise of bioinformatics is a direct response to the political difficulties faced by genomics in its quest to be a new biomedical innovation, and the value of bioinformatics lies in its role as the bridge between the promise of genomics and its realization in the form of health benefits. Western scientific elites are able to use their close relationship with the state to control and facilitate the emergence of new domains compatible with the existing distribution of epistemic power – all within the embrace of public trust. The incorporation of bioinformatics as the saviour of genomics had to be integrated with the operation of two key aspects of governance in this field: the definition and ownership of the new knowledge. This was achieved mainly by the development of common standards and by the promotion of the values of communality, open access and the public ownership of data to legitimize and maintain the governance power of publicly funded genomic science. Opposition from industry advocating the private ownership of knowledge has been largely neutered through the institutions supporting the science-state concordat. However, in order for translation into health benefits to occur and public trust to be assured, genomic and clinical data have to be integrated and knowledge ownership agreed upon across the separate and distinct governance territories of scientist, clinical medicine and society. Tensions abound as science seeks ways of maintaining its control of knowledge production through the negotiation of new forms of governance with the institutions and values of clinicians and patients.
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Munge, Baswaraj, Suresh Babu Sayana, Kodanda Ramu, and M. Prasad Naidu. "Comparative study of effectiveness of computer based knowledge in teaching versus conventional teaching perception in pharmacology among second year MBBS undergraduate medical students at Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183408.
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Background: Medical education has been asserted as one of the most challenging, demanding, and stressful fields of study, as medical students are expected to acquire diverse competencies such as academic, clinical, and interpersonal skills. Pharmacology is rapidly evolving and expanding conquering many diseases in its stride. The survey-based study we aim to grasp the MBBS students’ opinion regarding the teaching practices in pharmacology. Aim was to Study and compare the Effectiveness of Computer Based Teaching Versus Conventional Teaching Perception About Pharmacology Among Second Year MBBS Undergraduate Medical Students.Methods: A comparative study was conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Andhrapradesh. Two hundred second year MBBS medical students (n = 200) were divided into two groups.Results: In this study results shows P value and statistical significance the two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001 by conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be extremely statistically significant. Confidence interval the mean of Pre-test score minus Post test score equals -3.1900 and 95% confidence interval of this difference from -3.4503 to -2.9297.Conclusions: The importance of pharmacology in clinical decision making is well understood by the majority of students and they aim to act in that behest. Also, we find that computer based learning is a new and important tool coming up in the arsenal of the pharmacology teacher.
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Brown, Marcy L. "Training may affect primary care staff access to the biomedical electronic evidence base." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8pp4c.
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A review of:
Doney, Liz, Helen Barlow, and Joe West. “Use of Libraries and Electronic Information Resources by Primary Care Staff: Outcomes from a Survey.” Health Information and Libraries Journal 22.3 (September 2005): 182-188.
Objective – To assess use of existing local libraries, the Internet, and biomedical databases by primary care staff prior to implementation of the Primary Care Knowledge Management Projects. Additionally, to assess the need to train primary care staff to use the Internet and biomedical databases.
Design – Cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey.
Setting – Nottingham and Rotherham, two cities in the Trent region of the UK.
Subjects – Questionnaires were analyzed from 243 general practitioners, practice nurses, and practice managers in four Nottingham primary care trusts as well as practices in the Rotherham Health Authority area.
Methods – Questionnaires and cover letters were sent between May 2001 and February 2002. To encourage response, a postage-paid envelope was enclosed. A total of 709 questionnaires were sent in Nottingham, and 169 were returned for a response rate of 24%. In Rotherham, 179 questionnaires were sent and 61 returned, for a 34% response rate. Thirteen responses from a May 2001 pilot in Rotherham were also included in the data analysis. Survey questions included a variety of formats, including tick boxes and open-ended questions. Data was entered into an Access database and analysis was performed using Stata software.
Main results – Reported use of libraries was low overall, with only 30% of respondents claiming to have used library facilities. However, there was significant variation among professional groups. Practice nurses (PNs) had significantly higher usage of libraries than general practitioners (GPs) and practice managers (P < 0.01). Overall, 81% of the respondents used the Internet for work, with no significant variation by group. Forty-four percent reported using biomedical databases, with some significant variation. GPs and PNs reported higher usage of databases than practice managers (P < 0.01). The most common reported barrier to using both the Internet and biomedical databases was lack of training. GPs more frequently cited lack of time as a barrier to using biomedical databases (P = 0.04). Over half of all respondents reported an interest in Internet training, and over 60% reported an interest in database search training. A significantly lower number of practice managers wanted database training (P = 0.02).
Conclusion – Based on the results of this admittedly small study, additional training is needed – and desired – by primary care staff in both Nottingham and Rotherham. Developing and offering training in Internet searching and evaluation as well as use of the biomedical databases is one important way in which libraries can build partnerships with primary care practitioners. This will also enable added numbers of primary care staff to access and use the clinical evidence knowledge base. Additional studies are needed to identify and overcome barriers to training.
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Legate, Amanda, and Kim Nimon. "(Semi)automated approaches to data extraction for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in social sciences: A living review protocol." F1000Research 11 (September 12, 2022): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.125198.1.
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Background: An abundance of rapidly accumulating scientific evidence presents novel opportunities for researchers and practitioners alike, yet such advantages are often overshadowed by resource demands associated with finding and aggregating a continually expanding body of scientific information. Across social science disciplines, the use of automation technologies for timely and accurate knowledge synthesis can enhance research translation value, better inform key policy development, and expand the current understanding of human interactions, organizations, and systems. Ongoing developments surrounding automation are highly concentrated in research for evidence-based medicine with limited evidence surrounding tools and techniques applied outside of the clinical research community. Our objective is to conduct a living systematic review of automated data extraction techniques supporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the social sciences. The aim of this study is to extend the automation knowledge base by synthesizing current trends in the application of extraction technologies of key data elements of interest for social scientists. Methods: The proposed study is a living systematic review employing a partial replication framework based on extant literature surrounding automation of data extraction for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Protocol development, base review, and updates follow PRISMA standards for reporting systematic reviews. This protocol is preregistered in OSF: (Semi)Automated Approaches to Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Social Sciences: A Living Review Protocol on August 14, 2022. Conclusions: Anticipated outcomes of this study include: (a) generate insights supporting advancement in transferring existing reliable methods to social science research; (b) provide a foundation for protocol development leading to enhancement of comparability and benchmarking standards across disciplines; and (c) uncover exigencies that spur continued value-adding innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration for the benefit of the collective systematic review community.
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Legate, Amanda, and Kim Nimon. "(Semi)automated approaches to data extraction for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in social sciences: A living review protocol." F1000Research 11 (January 27, 2023): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.125198.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: An abundance of rapidly accumulating scientific evidence presents novel opportunities for researchers and practitioners alike, yet such advantages are often overshadowed by resource demands associated with finding and aggregating a continually expanding body of scientific information. Across social science disciplines, the use of automation technologies for timely and accurate knowledge synthesis can enhance research translation value, better inform key policy development, and expand the current understanding of human interactions, organizations, and systems. Ongoing developments surrounding automation are highly concentrated in research for evidence-based medicine with limited evidence surrounding tools and techniques applied outside of the clinical research community. Our objective is to conduct a living systematic review of automated data extraction techniques supporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the social sciences. The aim of this study is to extend the automation knowledge base by synthesizing current trends in the application of extraction technologies of key data elements of interest for social scientists. Methods: The proposed study is a living systematic review employing a partial replication framework based on extant literature surrounding automation of data extraction for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Protocol development, base review, and updates follow PRISMA standards for reporting systematic reviews. This protocol is preregistered in OSF: (Semi)Automated Approaches to Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Social Sciences: A Living Review Protocol on August 14, 2022. Conclusions: Anticipated outcomes of this study include: (a) generate insights supporting advancement in transferring existing reliable methods to social science research; (b) provide a foundation for protocol development leading to enhancement of comparability and benchmarking standards across disciplines; and (c) uncover exigencies that spur continued value-adding innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration for the benefit of the collective systematic review community.
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Esfahani, Misagh Zahiri, Maryam Ahmadi, and Iman Adibi. "Ontology for Symptomatic Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis." Healthcare Informatics Research 28, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4258/hir.2022.28.4.332.
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Objectives: Symptomatic treatment is an essential component in the overall treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, knowledge in this regard is confusing and scattered. Physicians also have challenges in choosing symptomatic treatment based on the patient’s condition. To share, update, and reuse this knowledge, the aim of this study was to provide an ontology for MS symptomatic treatment.Methods: The Symptomatic Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Ontology (STMSO) was developed according to Ontology Development 101 and a guideline for developing good ontologies in the biomedical domain. We obtained knowledge and rules through a systematic review and entered this knowledge in the form of classes and subclasses in the ontology. We then mapped the ontology using the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and Ontology for General Medical Sciences (OGMS) as reference ontologies. The ontology was built using Protégé Editor in the Web Ontology Language format. Finally, an evaluation was done by experts using criterion-based approaches in terms of accuracy, clarity, consistency, and completeness.Results: The knowledge extraction phase identified 110 articles related to the ontology in the form of 626 classes, 40 object properties, and 139 rules. Five general classes included “patient,” “symptoms,” “pharmacological treatment,” “treatment plan,” and “measurement index.” The evaluation in terms of standards for biomedical ontology showed that STMSO was accurate, clear, consistent, and complete.Conclusions: STMSO is the first comprehensive semantic representation of the symptomatic treatment of MS and provides a major step toward the development of intelligent clinical decision support systems for symptomatic MS treatment.
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Hobbins, Peter G. "Serpentine Science: Charles Kellaway and the Fluctuating Fortunes of Venom Research in Interwar Australia." Historical Records of Australian Science 21, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09012.
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Australian medical research before the Second World War is predominantly viewed as an anodyne precursor to its conspicuous postwar successes. However, the expanding intellectual appeal and state support for local research after 1945 built upon scientific practices, networks, facilities and finances established between 1919 and 1939. Arguably the most prominent medical scientist working in Australia during this period was Charles Kellaway (1889?1952), director of Melbourne's Walter and Eliza Hall Institute from 1923 until 1944. Facing both financial challenges and a profoundly unsupportive intellectual climate, Kellaway instigated a major research programme into Australian snake venoms. These investigations garnered local and international acclaim, allowing Kellaway to speak as a significant scientific actor while fostering productive laboratory collaborations. The venom work spurred basic research in tissue injury, anaphylaxis and leukotriene pharmacology, yet delivered pragmatic clinical outcomes, particularly an effective antivenene. By selecting a problem of continuing public interest, Kellaway also stimulated wider engagement with science and initiated a pioneering ad hoc Commonwealth grant for medical research. In tracing his training, mentors and practices within the interwar milieu, this article argues that Kellaway's venom studies contributed materially to global biomedical developments and to the broader viability of medical research in Australia.
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Vucevic, Danijela, Branislav Pesic, Ljiljana Markovic, Tatjana Radosavljevic, Ivan Milovanovic, Snezana Zunic-Bozinovski, Jasna Stojanovic, and Dusan Mladenovic. "Role of pathophysiology in modern medicine." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, Suppl. 1 (2008): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh08s1025v.
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Pathophysiology, a special field of medicine, integrates knowledge from various biomedical sciences. It is a dynamic study that provides the basic link between the fundamental and clinical medical sciences and their application to clinical practice. Pathophysiology deals with disordered or altered functions. The emphasis is on understanding aetiology and pathogenesis of disorder. Consequently, the study of pathophysiology is essential to understand the rationale for appropriate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in disease conditions, as well as preventive measures and procedures. Physiology is the study of normal, healthy bodily functions, as opposed to pathophysiology, which is the study of dysfunctions in living organisms. Namely, when something disrupts physiological processes, it enters the realm of pathophysiology. As opposed to pathoanatomy, which examines morphologic alterations resulting from disease in the body, pathophysiology looks at the detailed dysfunctions of cells, tissues, organs or organ systems, that come from or, alternately, cause disease. Pathophysiology draws attention, not only to an access to the organ affected with pathological process, but also the whole access to the patient. Thereby, there are two approaches to pathophysiology, experimental and clinical. An experiment is the fundamental pathophysiological method that enables the students to actively participate in the learning process of the nature and cause of various diseases. Throughout time the conceptual framework of pathophysiology, both as a medical discipline and a university course is designed to present the students physiological disturbances in the clearest and most enjoyable way. In spite of a constantly growing body of biomedical knowledge and techniques, pathophysiologists are still far from a complete understanding of molecular system dysfunctions and their relevance in a wide range of diseases.
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Engbjerg, Jacob Schade, Vincenzo Costanzo, Donato Sardella, Luca Bordoni, Steen Jakobsen, Luciano D'Apolito, Jørgen Frøkiær, Francesco Trepiccione, Giovambattista Capasso, and Sebastian Frische. "The Probe for Renal Organic Cation Secretion (4-Dimethylaminostyryl)-N-Methylpyridinium (ASP+)) Shows Amplified Fluorescence by Binding to Albumin and Is Accumulated In Vivo." Molecular Imaging 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7908357.
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Accumulation of uremic toxins may lead to the life-threatening condition “uremic syndrome” in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring renal replacement therapy. Clinical evaluation of proximal tubular secretion of organic cations (OC), of which some are uremic toxins, is desired, but difficult. The biomedical knowledge on OC secretion and cellular transport partly relies on studies using the fluorescent tracer 4-dimethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+), which has been used in many studies of renal excretion mechanisms of organic ions and which could be a candidate as a PET tracer. This study is aimed at expanding the knowledge of the tracer characteristics of ASP+ by recording the distribution and intensity of ASP+ signals in vivo both by fluorescence and by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and at investigating if the fluorescence signal of ASP+ is influenced by the presence of albumin. Two-photon in vivo microscopy of male Münich Wistar Frömter rats showed that a bolus injection of ASP+ conferred a fluorescence signal to the blood plasma lasting for about 30 minutes. In the renal proximal tubule, the bolus resulted in a complex pattern of fluorescence including a rapid and strong transient signal at the brush border, a very low signal in the luminal fluid, and a slow transient intracellular signal. PET imaging using 11C-labelled ASP+ showed accumulation in the liver, heart, and kidney. Fluorescence emission spectra recorded in vitro of ASP+ alone and in the presence of albumin using both 1-photon excitation and two-photon excitation showed that albumin strongly enhance the emission from ASP+ and induce a shift of the emission maximum from 600 to 570 nm. Conclusion. The renal pattern of fluorescence observed from ASP+ in vivo is likely affected by the local concentration of albumin, and quantification of ASP+ fluorescent signals in vivo cannot be directly translated to ASP+ concentrations.
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van der Wiel, Renée. "Challenging perceptions of disciplinary divide: an ethnographer’s experience of collegiality, collaboration and crisis." Medical Humanities 44, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): e2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011476.
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Warned by social scientists about ‘the disciplinary divide’ and the hostility of medical professionals to qualitative research, I was pleasantly surprised by the collegiality I experienced while conducting fieldwork among clinician-researchers in South Africa. This commentary is a challenge to common discourse, historically dominant in a global (north) anthropology, that biomedical practitioners are necessarily antagonistic to the humanities. Drawing on my field experiences, I propose an optimistic outlook for collaboration and inclusivity in developing medical and health humanities in Africa. While conducting anthropological fieldwork among doctors producing medical research, I gained access to elite professional spaces, even presenting anthropological work in medical research forums. I established relationships with leading figures in various clinical departments and research institutes. There were, unsurprisingly, times when I had to rigorously defend my methodology. I had to revise my methodological knowledge including on quantitative methods to explain varying epistemologies to both sympathetic and doubtful medical colleagues. But, I was often treated as a fellow researcher, a colleague. Some clinician-researchers accepted me as having different, valuable expertise to analyse human complexity and proposed opportunities for possible collaboration. I argue that these clinicians appreciated this expertise because of their pervasive perceptions of crisis in healthcare and an awareness of the complexities of biomedicine in an African context of social heterogeneity, medical pluralism and legacies of social injustice. These concerns around crisis and complexity may be points of leverage for expanding interdisciplinary collaboration and facilitating access to research sites and research forums.
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Bloy, Géraldine, and Laurent Rigal. "General practitioners’ relationship with preventive knowledge: a qualitative study." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 5 (2016): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14133.
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General practitioners (GPs) do not provide enough preventive care. Nonetheless, without a detailed understanding of the logical processes that underlie their practices, it remains difficult to develop effective means of improvement. Their relationship to knowledge is one of three elements that strongly structure GPs’ preventive work (together with the doctor–patient relationship and the organisation of their professional space).The objective of this article was to explore the question of GPs’ relationship to knowledge about prevention. In 2010–2011, semi-directive interviews with a diverse sample of 100 GPs practising in the Paris metropolitan area were conducted. These interviews were coded according a reading grid that was developed collectively and analysed in the framework of grounded theory. The cognitive universe of GPs is neither homogeneous nor stable. It is composed of biomedical knowledge (delivered via guidelines, the professional press, opinion leaders and pharmaceutical companies), clinical knowledge (fed by individual situations from their daily experience and often conflicting with epidemiologic reasoning and data) and lay knowledge (from folk culture). Plunged into this complex cognitive universe that is difficult for them to master, doctors construct their own idiosyncratic preventive style by themselves, mostly in isolation. Two types of actions emerged as likely to help GPs better appropriate preventive knowledge: clarification of scientific data (especially from epidemiology and the social sciences) but also development of a collective analysis of the cognitive work required to integrate the different types of knowledge mobilised daily in their preventive practices.