Relevant bibliographies by topics / Expanding Knowledge in Languages

Academic literature on the topic 'Expanding Knowledge in Languages'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in Languages"

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Hilliker, Shannon M., Chesla Ann Lenkaitis, and Angie Ramirez. "Expanding teacher candidate linguistic knowledge: Analyzing recorded virtual exchange sessions." EuroCALL Review 29, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2021.13241.

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<p>Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) teacher candidates must have a working knowledge of English linguistics in order to support their students’ language development. This article reports on TESOL teacher candidates’ reflective practice to highlight how interaction with non-native speakers can develop awareness of linguistic features of the English language through virtual exchange. Sixteen teacher candidates from a university in the United States were paired with 22 undergraduate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners from a university in Mexico. The teacher candidates completed journal entries in which they analyzed authentic language produced by their EFL partners during their virtual meetings. Teacher candidates were taking a course that covered topics related to pragmatics, semantics, morphology, phonology and syntax. Each teacher candidate submitted a final error analysis of recorded conversations to determine how many linguistic errors were made by their partners. This study describes the errors the teacher candidates were able to identify in order to explore the benefits of this reflective activity on their understanding of linguistics. This study confirms the need to utilize virtual exchange in teacher preparation programs and subsequent self-reflection in order to give teacher candidates a way to put linguistic content area into practice.</p>
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Oliinyk, Lidiia, Nataliia Romaniuk, Halyna Kuznetsova, Inna Horbenko, and Nadiia Senchylo-Tatlilioglu. "The impact of digital and internet technologies on language development." Eduweb 16, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2022.16.03.3.

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The article is devoted to studying the development of languages under the influence of computer technology. The article aims to determine the impact of digitalization and other factors on the development of Ukrainian and English languages. The study's central hypothesis is that digital technology has significant language development. To empirically confirm this hypothesis, a survey of Internet users was organized, who expressed their opinions about the use of new words (words of foreign origin and slang words) in the process of communication. The study results showed that digital technology impacts language development, but users' vocabulary is expanding following the scope of digital technology. In particular, young people, even having a good knowledge of English, do not know business slang, while the mature generation has almost no knowledge of youth slang originating from entertainment. This study has practical significance for philologists and digital technology professionals who are looking for accessible methods of communication by expanding the speech vocabulary with words of computer origin.
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Khakimov, Nazar Kh, and Marguba A. Vakhobov. "INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING COMPETITIVE PERSONNEL." Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan 02, no. 02 (June 1, 2022): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jsru-02-02-10.

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In the article, the authors investigated the place and role of learning foreign languages in the preparation of highly qualified bachelors. Teaching and learning foreign languages in Uzbekistan has become one of the priorities in preparing young people for social life, and expanding their horizons as students. A foreign language is an important kind of key in the knowledge of the secrets of the social humanities and fundamental sciences, including the core disciplines. Taking into account the importance of the mission of a foreign language, and the formation of the moral and spiritual world of students, especially in the knowledge of the essence, the process of deepening market economic relations, cardinal measures are being taken in the higher education system to deepen the study of foreign languages. An innovative approach to learning a foreign language is closely related to increasing the quality requirements of teaching foreign languages in higher educational institutions. The article highlights the role of foreign languages in the professional training of competent personnel. The authors emphasize that under the conditions of a new stage of the country's development, students show an increased interest in learning foreign languages.
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Fraisse, Amel, Zheng Zhang, Alex Zhai, Ronald Jenn, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Pierre Zweigenbaum, Laurence Favier, and Widad Mustafa El Hadi. "A Sustainable and Open Access Knowledge Organization Model to Preserve Cultural Heritage and Language Diversity." Information 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10100303.

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This paper proposes a new collaborative and inclusive model for Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) for sustaining cultural heritage and language diversity. It is based on contributions of end-users as well as scientific and scholarly communities from across borders, languages, nations, continents, and disciplines. It consists in collecting knowledge about all worldwide translations of one original work and sharing that data through a digital and interactive global knowledge map. Collected translations are processed in order to build multilingual parallel corpora for a large number of under-resourced languages as well as to highlight the transnational circulation of knowledge. Building such corpora is vital in preserving and expanding linguistic and traditional diversity. Our first experiment was conducted on the world-famous and well-traveled American novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by the American author Mark Twain. This paper reports on 10 parallel corpora that are now sentence-aligned pairs of English with Basque (an European under-resourced language), Bulgarian, Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, and Ukrainian, processed out of 30 collected translations.
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Benő, Attila. "Román intézménynevek magyarítása Erdélyben." Névtani Értesítő 43 (December 30, 2021): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2021.6.

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The study examines the translation methods used in the translation of institutional names and their common language use within the context of Hungarian-Romanian bilingualism in Transylvania, noting the language planning tasks that arise from minority status and the results of corpus design so far. The presented translation and language use phenomena emphasize that translating institutional names in minority status is a task for (professional) translation, terminology, and language planning. Within translation, it presupposes practical skills and a high level of bilingualism. In the technical and terminological context, the translation of the name of an institution presupposes an adequate knowledge of the individual fields and languages, in the absence of which unprofessional and ambiguous translations may be created. As a language planning problem, it primarily concerns corpus planning and presupposes the expansion of language rights related to status planning and expanding the scope of using vernacular languages.
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BOCALE, Paola. "HOW ARE LANGUAGES LEARNED? THEORIES ON THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION." Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 2, ezs.swu.v18i2 (June 30, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i2.1.

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is work discusses theories on teaching, learning and acquiring foreign languages. The input hypothesis has drawn attention to its role and importance in language acquisition. On the other hand, however, empirical research has emphasized the role that output and interaction play in acquiring and improving language skills. In most communicative acts, there are factors that jeopardise the process of communication, such as lack of lexical knowledge and speech too fast for the listener to understand, causing different comprehension problems. These occur between native speakers and non-native speakers, inside and outside the classroom. Negotiation of meaning can be only defined within an interactive process as the mutual collaboration between speakers and listeners in order to clarify a language misunderstanding using different linguistic strategies such as, for example, word repetition, simplified structures and clarification questions. From one point of view, negotiation of meaning is a communicative exchange and a step towards achieving communication goals. Learners and tutors are involved in communication to solve a problem whose clarification allows conversation to be carried on. From the other point of view, negotiation of meaning is an effective way of expanding the knowledge of learners, because some of the explanations can be internalised and added to their target language repertoire. Learning can be effective only if interaction is included in the overall language aquisition process.
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Araeva, Lyudmila, and Stanislav Li. "The Method of the Propositional Frame Modeling in Teaching a Foreign Language." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2019): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.1.16.

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The article describes the method of the propositional frame modeling and its application in teaching a foreign language, including the languages of the indigenous minorities of Russia. The material of the frame "berry" offers guidelines for its use in the classroom for studying foreign languages. The use of this method in teaching foreign languages helps pupils to more accurately and more deeply understand the structural, substantive and functional patterns that dominate them, helps students develop language guessing based on word formation, which is a universal way of expanding their potential vocabulary. Derived and non-derivative words are built according to the same deep structural-logical schemes – propositional structures, on the basis of which propositions are created. Propositional structures have a universal nature for all natural languages, but they are implemented quite specifically in sentences in a given language under the influence of territory, climate, life experience, and established cultural traditions of a people. Recognition of propositional structures and propositions within the frames in the semantics of derivatives of the native language and a foreign language makes it possible to see what is common in the knowledge of the world of all nations and to reveal the unique "world" of the language.
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Zak, Kseniia L. "Characteristic of the culture of foreign language business communication of future lawyers." Focus on Language Education and Research 3, no. 2 (September 16, 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35213/2686-7516-2022-3-2-31-37.

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In the last few years, international cooperation is expanding. For this reason, the society began to need specialists who is able to carry out business communication in a foreign language. One of the main roles in this situation is played by the knowledge of foreign languages among lawyers. This paper aims to study the characteristic of the culture of foreign language business communication of future lawyers. The application of theoretical research methods contributed to the solution of the problem. The article proposes the author's definition of the concept characteristic of the culture of foreign language business communication of future lawyers, describes its structure. The significance of the results will allow us to further consider in more detail the process of teaching lawyers professional English in a non-linguistic university.
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Kuznetsova, O., and V. Zlatnikov. "APPROACHES AND EFFECTIVE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION IN THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1 (45) (2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/728-2217.2021.45.17-20.

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At the present stage of expanding international contacts in various fields of activity for students it is becoming increasinglyimportant to expand their knowledge of languages outside of everyday foreign language (English). Learning foreign languages hasa number of benefits, including facilitating effective communication and building partnerships, business and military relationships with people from other countries/cultures. Since there are a number of factors that affect the effective acquisition of a foreign language in the context of bilin gualism, modern methods of teaching foreign languages have their own characteristics, considering the target areas and standards. There are many approaches to foreign language teaching developed at the end of the last centurythat have become widely used in teaching foreign languages for special purposes in higher education at the present stage of learning. The range of teaching methods varies depending on which aspects of language acquisition they emphasize – from teaching grammar to the lexicographic component of modern English-language culture of business and professional communication, which are seen as an element of communication skills of young military and civilian professionals [1]. As there is a wide range of different approaches and methods of teaching a foreign language for professional purposes used in lessons, the question will be whether there is evidence that some methods are more effective in acquiring and maintaining acquired skills. The article presents practical recommendations for motivating students to free oral/written communication in a foreign language, taking into account professional needs; the sequence of stages at which new programs for studying a foreign language of special purpose are logically executed, and also offers concerning a vocabulary is provided. The article evaluates and analyzes the latest trends in the methodology of teaching foreign languages, which provides a basis for effective study of a foreign language for professional purposes, taking into account the communicative orientation military, business and professional communication.
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Lazar, Althier Margaret. "From Blame to Awareness: Expanding Teacher Candidates’ Understandings of Emergent Bilinguals’ Literacy and Language Capacities." Journal of Family Diversity in Education 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53956/jfde.2016.75.

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Teacher candidates today are likely to blame students and their families in underserved communities for their inability to succeed in school rather than recognize the system of failure embedded in institutional practices that disfavors and disenfranchises minority groups (Castro 2010, p. 207). In particular, many tend to view students’ literacy and language abilities as delayed, often because they assume that students’ caregivers do not have the requisite skills, knowledge, time, or desire to provide their children with school-valued print and language experiences. These deficit orientations of students and families need to be replaced with more informed understandings about the socio-political factors that shape schooling and access to school-valued literacies and languages, and more critical awareness of the types of cultural wealth that exist in these communities (Yosso, 2005). Such inquiry is needed to help candidates to see students’ inherent assets and their own roles in addressing students’ literacy/language needs. This article examines one university’s efforts to complicate teacher candidates’ understandings of children and caregivers through a course called “Literacy, Language & Culture.” Data collected over a two-year period with 191 candidates shows that many teacher candidates can evolve to see children’s literacy and language capacities to varying degrees and their own responsibility in fortifying instruction for students and connecting with caregivers, but that more focused and coordinated work is required to make this a uniform goal across teacher preparation programs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in Languages"

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Johannesson, Emelie. "Video games – A tool for expanding English vocabulary knowledge? : A study of video games potential impact on English vocabulary knowledge in Swedish upper secondary students." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78802.

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This study researches the possibility of video games being a helpful tool when it comes to English vocabulary knowledge, by comparing the English vocabulary knowledge of those that play video games to those that do not play video games. The study also focuses on comparing the English vocabulary knowledge of those that play video games frequently to those that play video games seldomly and discuss why this might make a difference. 37 students were asked to fill in a questionnaire with questions focusing on if they play video games or not, how often they play and what sort of games they played. The second part of the study was a vocabulary test containing 51 words one might encounter whilst playing video games, in this vocabulary test the students were asked to give an English synonym and a Swedish translation of these words. The results of the study revealed that there were differences between the groups, as those that did play video games scored higher on the vocabulary test compared to those that did not play video games. There was also a difference in terms of performance on the vocabulary test depending on how often the students played video games.
Denna studie undersöker videospels möjlighet till att vara ett hjälpmedel när det gäller kunskaper i engelskt ordförråd genom att jämföra ordförrådskunskaperna hos de som spelar videospel med de som inte spelar videospel. Studien fokuserar också på att jämföra de engelska ordförrådskunskaperna hos dem som ofta spelar videospel med de som sällan spelar videospel och diskuterar varför detta kan göra en skillnad. 37 elever ombads att fylla i ett frågeformulär med frågor med fokus på om de spelar videospel eller inte, hur ofta de spelar och vilken typ av spel de spelade. Den andra delen av studien var ett ordförrådstest innehållande 51 ord som kan stötas på i videospel, i detta ordförrådstest ombads eleverna att ge en engelsk synonym och en svensk översättning av dessa ord. Resultaten av studien visade att det fanns skillnader mellan grupperna, eftersom de som spelade videospel fick högre poäng på ordförrådstestet jämfört med de som inte spelade videospel. Det fanns också skillnader prestationsmässigt i ordförrådstestet beroende på hur ofta eleverna spelade videospel.
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Ratute, Ashley. "Expanding social justice knowledge with sweatshop history." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476340.

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Griffith, Alan. "Expanding knowledge and practice of construction management systems and procedures." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2006. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20163/.

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This submission is a highly focused collection of research-based and scholarly publications in the specialist field of Construction Management. Emphasis is placed on management systems and procedures involved in the procurement and production phases of the total building process. A coherent, original, independent and significant contribution to the advancement and application of knowledge has been made through applied research and dissemination of findings to academic peers, construction industry professionals and students in higher education. This has been achieved through: academic, professional and research-based textbooks; research monographs; refereed papers in learned journals; refereed papers to premier national and international conferences; and papers to foremost construction industry professional institutions. Textbooks have been published by Macmillan, Thomas-Telford in collaboration with the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Longman and Palgrave with three commissioned by and contributing to the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) 'Education Framework' for construction industry. Peer-reviewed papers have been published by eminent journals based within the UK, North America, Australia, Hong Kong and China whilst refereed conference papers have been published both in the UK and internationally at leading research symposia. Among the refereed journal and conference papers presented, a number have merited prestigious awards reflecting "the outstanding contribution to research knowledge and communication within the construction industry" (ciob, 1988) and in recognition of "making a practical and lasting contribution towards the improvement of standards in building practice and education in building"(CIOB, 2004).This submission reflects a distinguished level of dissemination of applied research and scholarship over a twenty year period. The body of work presented has established a highly significant and authoritative contribution to the better understanding of construction management systems andprocedures. Furthermore, it has influenced, where applicable, thinking and practice within the subject field within research groups, higher education, the professions and the construction industry.
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Garza, Moreno Laura. "Expanding knowledge on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae gilt acclimation, vaccination and genetic variability." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667223.

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Esta Tesis Doctoral está constituida por tres estudios. El primer estudio consistió en identificar las estrategias actuales de adaptación de la reposición frente M. hyopneumoniae utilizadas en las granjas porcinas de Europa. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se diseñó un cuestionario centrado en las diferentes características de la explotación, la reposición y el proceso de adaptación. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la vacunación frente M. hyopneumoniae con múltiples dosis, fue la estrategia más utilizada, sola o en combinación con otros métodos, para la adaptación de la reposición frente a este patógeno en Europa. No obstante, el efecto de la vacunación de la reposición se desconocía. Para conocer el efecto de la vacunación de la reposición frente a M. hyopneumoniae, se evaluaron diferentes programas vacunales en el segundo estudio de esta Tesis. Para ello, se seleccionaron 180 cerdas negativas frente a M. hyopneumoniae en la unidad de adaptación de una granja positiva a M. hyopneumoniae y se distribuyeron según el programa vacunal en tres grupos: (A) cuatro dosis de una vacuna comercial contra M. hyopneumoniae a las 2, 4, 6 y 8 semanas tras la entrada (spe) en la adaptación, (B) dos dosis de vacuna a las 2 y 6, y dos inyecciones de solución salina tamponada con fosfato (PBS) a las 4 y 8 spe, y (C) cuatro dosis de PBS a los mismos tiempos. Los grupos vacunados (A y B) mostraron una proporción significativamente más baja de nulíparas excretoras y niveles de anticuerpos más elevados en comparación con el grupo no vacunado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los protocolos de vacunación con cuatro o dos dosis en términos de excreción y niveles de anticuerpos Respecto a los lechones al destete, todos fueron negativos a M. hyopneumoniae por PCR en tiempo real, independientemente del programa de vacunación administrado a sus madres. Por otro lado, la proporción de lechones seropositivos y los niveles de anticuerpos fueron mayores en los lechones provenientes de los grupos vacunados. Este estudio demostró por primera vez que la vacunación de la reposición frente a M. hyopneumoniae puede ser una herramienta eficaz para reducir la presión de infección y la variabilidad de M. hyopneumoniae en lotes de reposición, así como proporcionar una inmunidad humoral a largo plazo para la reposición y sus lechones. El tercer estudio de esta Tesis tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad genética de M. hyopneumoniae en cerdos no vacunados y vacunados que presentaban lesiones pulmonares asociadas a M. hyopneumoniae en los mataderos. Asimismo, se evaluó la variabilidad genética de las vacunas comerciales frente a M. hyopneumoniae utilizadas en las granjas vacunadas. Para lograr este objetivo, se seleccionaron diez granjas de cerdos de engorde vacunadas y diez no vacunadas, positivas a M. hyopneumoniae. En el matadero, se evaluaron las lesiones pulmonares compatibles con M. hyopneumoniae de un lote por granja y se recogieron muestras de los tres pulmones con la lesión más extensa. Las muestras positivas a M. hyopneumoniae por PCR se genotiparon contando el número variable de repeticiones en tándem (del inglés, variable number of tandem repeats) en dos (P97, P146) o cuatro genes (P97, P146, H1 y H5) y se les asignó un perfil de tipificación (TP) de M. hyopneumoniae. Se detectó una elevada variabilidad entre granjas, mientras que la variabilidad dentro de las granjas fue limitada usando dos o cuatro genes. Curiosamente, Cuanto mayor fue el número de genes estudiados, mayor variabilidad. No obstante, se detectó un TP por pulmón y los TPs detectados en cerdos de granjas vacunadas fueron diferentes de la cepa vacunal utilizada en la granja.
The present PhD Thesis consisted of three studies. The first study sought to identify the current gilt acclimation strategies against M. hyopneumoniae performed in European pig farms. To reach that goal, a questionnaire focused on different features of the recipient herd, incoming replacements and acclimation process, was designed. Obtained results indicated that the most common strategy used for M. hyopneumoniae gilt acclimation was vaccination based on multiple doses programs. However, the effect of such process was unknown. In order to know the effect of vaccination against M. hyopneumoniae during the acclimation period in gilts and their piglets, different gilt vaccination schedules were evaluated in the second study of this Thesis. One hundred-eighty gilts were distributed according to the vaccination program into three groups: (A) four doses of a commercial vaccine against M. hyopneumoniae at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post entry (wpe) into acclimation unit, (B) two vaccine doses at 2 and 6, and two doses of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 4 and 8 wpe, and (C) four doses of PBS at the same time points. Vaccinated groups (A and B) showed significantly lower proportion of shedding gilts and higher levels of antibodies compared to the non-vaccinated group after acclimation. However, no significant differences in terms of shedding or levels of antibodies were found between vaccination programs with four or two doses. Sampled piglets at weaning were M. hyopneumoniae negative by real time PCR (rt-PCR) independently of gilt vaccination program administered. In contrast, the proportion of seropositive piglets and levels of antibodies were higher in those coming from vaccinated groups. The present work represents the first attempt to demonstrate that gilt vaccination against M. hyopneumoniae can be an effective tool to reduce the infectious pressure and bacterium variability into replacement batches, as well as provide a long-term humoral immunity to gilts and their offspring. The third study aimed to evaluate the M. hyopneumoniae genetic variability in non-vaccinated and vaccinated pigs showing M. hyopneumoniae-like lung lesions at slaughterhouses, as well as in the vaccines used in each vaccinated farm. To achieve this objective, ten vaccinated and ten non-vaccinated fattening farms positive to M. hyopneumoniae were selected. At slaughterhouse, M. hyopneumoniae-like lung lesions from one batch were scored and three lungs showing the most extensive lesion were collected per batch. Positive samples were genotyped by counting the variable number of tandem repeats of two (P97, P146) or four loci (P97, P146, H1 and H5), and a M. hyopneumoniae typing profile (TP) was assigned. High inter- and limited intra-farm M. hyopneumoniae genetic variability among non-vaccinated and vaccinated fattening farms in Spain using two and four loci. Interestingly, the higher the number of tested loci, the higher the variability. Despite this, only one TP was detected per sample and the TPs detected in pigs from vaccinated farms were different from the strain of the corresponding vaccine used. Furthermore, this study provides novel and interesting data for future discussion regarding the influence of the number of loci tested on the M. hyopneumoniae genetic variability.
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BASTOS, JOAO ANTONIO DUTRA MARCONDES. "SUPPORT FOR COMPUTATIONAL THINKING KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER FROM VISUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TO TEXTUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25694@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Produzir tecnologia tem se mostrado uma habilidade cada vez mais indispensável na sociedade moderna. Os usuários estão deixando de ser simples consumidores e passando a ser produtores, usando a tecnologia para expressarem suas ideias. Nesse contexto, o aprendizado do chamado raciocínio computacional deve ser tão importante quanto o de disciplinas básicas, como a leitura, a escrita e a aritmética. Ao desenvolver tal habilidade o aluno vai conseguir se expressar através do software. Diversos projetos ao redor do mundo têm suas tecnologias e didáticas próprias a fim de auxiliar o aluno a desenvolver tal capacidade. Porém, sabemos que em um contexto que está em constante evolução como é o caso da informática, não podemos deixar que o aluno fique preso a uma única ferramenta ou meio de se expressar. Ferramentas podem ficar obsoletas e ele perderia seu poder de produtor de tecnologia. Pensando nisso, foi elaborado um modelo de transferência do aprendizado do raciocínio computacional a ser incorporado a sistemas de documentação ativa que apoiam o ensino-aprendizado desta habilidade. O modelo auxiliará o designer na criação de um artefato tecnológico que seja capaz de ajudar alunos e professores a aprenderem uma nova linguagem de programação. O modelo, que é baseado na Engenharia Semiótica, é a principal contribuição científica dessa dissertação de mestrado.
Producing technology has been an increasingly essential ability in modern society. The users are no longer simple consumers but actually, also, technology producers, using technology to express their ideas. In this context, the learning of the so-called computational thinking should be as important as learning basic disciplines such as reading, writing and arithmetic. As long as the student can develop this ability, he will be able to express himself or herself through the software. Many projects around the world have their own technologies and pedagogy to help the student develop such capacity. However, we know that in a context that is constantly evolving as is the case of informatics, we cannot allow the student to be attached to a single tool or means. Tools may become obsolete and students would lose their technology producer status. With this in mind, we designed a learning transfer model of computational thinking, which will assist the designer in the creation of a technological artifact to help students and teachers learn a new programming language. The model, which is based on the Semiotic Engineering, is the main scientific contribution of this master s dissertation.
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Lundkvist, Robert. "Expanding the use of contract inspections in construction : An approach to inter-project knowledge diffusion?" Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26285.

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This licentiate thesis presents a taxonomic approach to classification of defect information in construction projects. A conceptual model, based in a frame of reference consisting of the concepts of Continuous Improvement, Performance Measurement, Knowledge Management, as well as the current Quality Management regime of the industry helps to understand how the use of Contract Inspections can be developed towards facilitating inter-project knowledge diffusion and continuous improvement in construction.Three research questions were formulated:RQ I:How is information from inspection reports currently used?RQ II:How could information from inspection reports be utilised further?RQ III:How should information from inspection reports be structured and codified, to enable storage and future data analysis to facilitate continuous improvement?Qualitative as well as quantitative data has been collected in three different studies. In the first contractors were surveyed through a questionnaire about their use of different suggested experience feedback concepts, such as contract inspections. In the second other project participants than contractors was an interviewed, asking them how they use inspections and how the current usage could be extended. In the third study, a single case study about the inspection activities in one construction project, the purpose was to analyse the method and results of Pre- and Final Inspections. These results were interpreted through classification theory. It is further suggested how inspection data could be enhanced for the purpose of database storing, transforming, and easy access.The thesis concludes that both contractors and the other project roles currently use and view inspections as they are prompted in the General Conditions (AB 04), i.e. as an activity that document what defects there are for the contractor to rectify. Several companies have started to store inspection reports on project-dedicated servers, a routine that is thought to enhance the access to information to some extent. Several respondents have also introduced the compilation of defect statistics.Except automating the compiling of descriptive defect statistics, a system for managing inspection information, giving the widest access to the information about previously experienced defects, is expected to serve a Continuous Improvement process with input for identifying reoccurring problems in the production process. This system could as well be utilised for giving performance feedback to contractors and suppliers. Through continual surveying of the performance of current projects, the performance of the production process can be monitored. Based on the analysed reports, and the literature on taxonomy, the conclusions for RQ III identifies 15 different types of data tags, or types of information, that should be used as structure for the defects’ information: Unique Project Identifier, Unique Defect Identifier, Inspection Identifier, Responsibility, Defect Serial Number, Floor level, BSAB 96 Space Code, BSAB Object code, Defect type, Defect description, Rectification measure, Flag for Safety Issue, Cause, Date logging, and Photos.Future research should focus on the validation of the proposed model and system, suggested through case studies.
Den här licentiatavhandlingen presenterar ett taxonomiskt upplägg för att klassificera informationen om de fel som uppkommer i byggprojekt. Tre forskningsfrågor formulerades:FF I: Hur används informationen i besiktningsutlåtandena i nuläget?FF II: Hur kan användningen av informationen i besiktningsutlåtandenavidareutvecklas?FF III: Hur bör informationen från utlåtandena struktureras och kodifieras, för att tillåta lagring samt framtida dataanalys, till hjälp för Ständiga förbättringar?Kvalitativ, såväl som kvantitativ, data har samlats in över tre olika studier. I den första tillfrågades Sveriges byggentreprenörer genom en enkät hur de använder olika typer av föreslagna erfarenhetsåterföringsaktiviteter, t.ex. entreprenadbesiktningar. I den andra studien intervjuades övriga projektroller om hur de använder besiktningsinformationen, samt hur det nuvarande användandet kan utökas till andra områden. I den tredje studien, en singel-fallstudie över besiktningsaktiviteterna i ett större byggprojekt, analyserades och klassificerades informationen om felen från projektets besiktningsutlåtanden utifrån det svenska klassificeringssystemet för byggbranschen, BSAB 96.Resultaten visar att alla tillfrågade projektroller idag har den syn på besiktningar som de är tänkta från början, som de presenteras i AB 04, d.v.s. som en aktivitet som dokumenterar de fel som finns i ett projekt och som entreprenören måste åtgärda innan besiktningen blir godkänd. Ett flertal företag har dock börjat spara de färdiga besiktningsutlåtandena på projektportaler, en rutin som torde öka möjligheten till spridning av besiktningsinformationen något. Några respondenter har även börjat med att sammanställa enklare statistik över fel inom produktionen i företaget. Baserat på de analyserade besiktningsutlåtandena och litteraturen om taxonomier så föreslås även 15 olika klassificeringsbegrepp, med syftet att förädla informationen om felen i utlåtandena: Unikt Projekt-ID, Unikt Fel-ID, Besiktnings-ID, Ansvar, Löpnummer fel, Våning, BSAB 96 Utrymme-kod, BSAB element/objekt-kod, Feltyp, Felbeskrivning, Åtgärd, Flagga för säkerhetsproblem, Orsak (förslagsvis grundorsaksanalys), datumloggning och foton.Förutom att kunna automatisera statistikframställning, så ger en systemlösning för att hantera besiktningsinformation möjligheter till att kunna sprida informationen om tidigare producerade fel. Systemet antas kunna förse en process för Ständiga förbättringar med input för att kunna identifiera systematiskt återkommande fel och därav problemområden för förbättringsorganisation att arbeta med.Baserat på idéerna om Ständiga förbättringar, prestationsmätningar och Knowledge Management utvecklades en modell för hur arbetet med entreprenad-besiktningar kan utvecklas till att kunna hjälpa vid med kunskapsspridning mellan projekt samt Ständiga förbättringar. Framtida forskning bör framförallt fokusera på att validera den föreslagna modellen och systemet, förslagsvis genom fallstudier.
Godkänd; 2011; 20111115 (roblun); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Byggproduktion/Construction Engineering Examinator: Professor Thomas Olofsson, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Filosofie doktor Kajsa Simu, NCC Construction, Luleå Tid: Fredag den 16 december 2011 kl 10.00 Plats: E246, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Gutin, Sarah Anne. "Expanding contraceptive options in South Africa : knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding the intrauterine device (IUD)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25805.

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The intrauterine device (IUD) is a safe, effective, convenient, reliable, inexpensive, and cost-effective form of reversible contraception. It rivals female sterilization, injectables, and implants with respect to effectiveness in pregnancy prevention. Once inserted, IUDs are nearly maintenance free; some IUDs can even be used for over a decade. In many settings however, the utilization of this form of contraception is poor and a number of barriers to usage exist. These barriers often relate to lack of knowledge and misperceptions among both potential users and healthcare providers. The IUD is a reliable option that may be an ideal form of contraception for many women in South Africa. In order to make this method available on a wider scale, it is necessary to provide correct information to women and health care professionals and to increase the availability and use of this highly effective method. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study designed to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of potential users and health care providers with respect to the IUD. We recruited 205 women between 15 to 49 years of age who were attending family planning and ST! care services at four primary level public clinics (two in the more urban Western Cape Province and two in the rural Eastern Cape Province in South Africa). In addition, we interviewed 32 providers from 12 clinics (six clinics per province). Ethical approval for this research was obtained from both the University of Cape Town and Walter Sisulu University (formerly the University of the Transkei). Permission was also given by the local and provincial health services. Among clients, knowledge of the IUD was poor. About 26% of women had heard of the IUD. After the method was explained to them, 89.7% of women believed that there were advantages to using the IUD and 72.7% of women said that they would consider using the JUD in the future. Also, women thought the IUD was an easier contraceptive method to use than oral contraceptive pills, injectables, male and female condoms, and female sterilization. Logistic regression modelling showed that, after adjusting for level of education, being from the Western Cape, older age, and having heard of emergency contraception all independently predicted awareness of the IUD method. For the most part, providers knew how the IUD worked to prevent pregnancy; however, providers were lacking in more detailed knowledge about the method and had misinformation about the IUD. Almost all (93 .6%) of providers recognized their need for more information and training about the IUD. Providers reported that barriers to IUD usage in South Africa were lack of knowledge of the method on the part of providers (84.4%), a lack of trained providers to insert or remove the IUD (62.5%), limited availability of the device at health facilities (56.3%), and a lack of knowledge on the part of potential users (46.9%). Despite these barriers, 81 % of providers believed women would be interested in the IUD if they knew about it and 73.3% believed the IUD should be promoted in South Africa. Our results suggest that the IUD would be a welcome addition to the contraceptive method mix in South Africa and that both clients and providers would be interested in this method. It is clear that awareness campaigns among women seeking contraception would be necessary for building support and publicizing the IUD. It will also be necessary to train and educate providers, focusing on up to date information, dispelling myths, and proper insertion and removal techniques. South Africa could re-introduce the IUD into the contraceptive method mix and increase women's choice by adding this valuable, viable, and sustainable option to the contraceptive method mix. The findings of this study, which was requested by the provincial health services, will be used to inform policy and as a starting point for assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a greater role for the IUD in the contraceptive method mix in South Africa.
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Berkutova, T. I., V. V. Vrakina, and V. B. Makarov. "Interactive methods in teaching foreign languages." Thesis, NTU "KhPI", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38034.

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Youssef, Ingy. "Trust via Common Languages." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469155513.

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Bogdanova, Maya. "Use of English in advertising and journalistic discourse of the Expanding circle: data from Bulgarian magazines." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40798.

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The combination of the socio-political changes following 1989 and the current status ofEnglish as the language of international communication promoted dynamic transformations ofthe attitude and usages of English in Bulgaria. The purpose of this study is to investigate theforms, functions and symbolic value of English in the Bulgarian advertising and journalisticdiscourse. The emphasis is on non-established words as opposed to established borrowings.Two hypotheses encapsulating the possible relation between English usages in advertising andjournalistic discourses are in the centre of investigation:

Hypothesis 1 The use of the English language remains on the symbolic and visual level in theBulgarian advertising and journalistic discourses.

Hypothesis 2 The symbolic value of English usage in advertising discourse is the same as thatof journalistic discourse.

Prior to the analyses, the study introduces an overview of the Bulgarian linguistic situationand a summary of studies in the area of contact phenomena between English and Bulgarian.Special attention is paid to publications discussing advertising and journalistic discourse.On the base of two principles – genre and readership – six magazines have been selectedto provide the data for the study: Маниджър(Manager); Story, НашДом(Our Home),ЖенатаДнес(The Woman Today), ЖурналзаЖената(Women’s Journal), and Top GearБългария(Top Gear Bulgaria). Using a set of criteria the process of collecting data hasextracted the occurrences of English from all advertisements, section and column headings,article titles, and the featured article of each issue. English occurrences have been classifiedfirst according to their generic function and position in the textual unity, and then, accordingto symbolic value ascribed by English.The statistical data confirms that the use of English in advertising discourse is common;on average 66% of the advertisements contain English words. Cross-reference with the type offunction reveals, however, that only 17% of the English used in advertisements adds semanticvalue to the Bulgarian-English mixing. Therefore, in advertising discourse English remainsmainly a tool for adding symbolic value. As far as the journalistic discourse is concernedEnglish usages are not as frequent; nevertheless, great variations are exemplified. Suchvariation is observed in the heading data where one of the magazines contains no English inthe headings while another uses English in all but four of its headings. The findings of thestudy reject both of the hypotheses although variations are observed and have been describedin this study. The analyses demonstrate that advertising discourse uses English in order toexploit the value of English as the lingua franca of the world, while the journalistic discoursedraws on the symbolic associations of English as the language of popular culture.The results of this study provide a comparison between advertising and journalisticdiscourses. Furthermore, it offers a picture of the situation in Bulgaria twenty years after thepolitical changes and a good intermediate point in the process of spread of English, whichcontinues to modify the linguistic situation of the country.

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Books on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in Languages"

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The knowledge evolution: Expanding organizational intelligence. Boston, Mass: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

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Bernard, Spodek, ed. Today's kindergarten: Exploring the knowledge base, expanding the curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press, 1986.

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Rolfe, Gary. Expanding nursing knowledge: Understanding and reseaching your own practice. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998.

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Finin, Timothy W., Charles K. Nicholas, and Yelena Yesha, eds. Information and Knowledge Management Expanding the Definition of “Database”. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57419-0.

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Canada. Statistics Canada. 1991 Census. Knowledge of languages: the nation. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1991.

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Luey, Beth. Expanding the American mind: Books and the popularization of knowledge. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2010.

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Expanding the American mind: Popularization and the dissemination of knowledge. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2010.

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Rohfeld, Rae Wahl. Expanding access to knowledge--continuing higher education: NUCEA, 1915-1990. Washington, D.C: National University Continuing Education Association, 1990.

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Luey, Beth. Expanding the American mind: Books and the popularization of knowledge. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2010.

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Cugini, John V. Programming languages for knowledge based systems. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S Dept of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in Languages"

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Agrell, P. S. "Expanding Churchman’s Philosophical Discourse." In Wisdom, Knowledge, and Management, 33–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36506-0_4.

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Longley, Dennis, and Michael Shain. "APPLE II Languages and Operating Systems." In Expanding and Networking Microcomputers, 147–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07625-3_19.

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Longley, Dennis, and Michael Shain. "IBM PC — Languages and Operating Systems." In Expanding and Networking Microcomputers, 39–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07625-3_5.

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Taavitsainen, Irma. "Expanding the borders of knowledge." In Early Modern English Medical Texts, 11–12. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.160.01taa.

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Doignon, Jean-Paul, and Jean-Claude Falmagne. "Descriptive and Assessment Languages." In Knowledge Spaces, 206–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58625-5_10.

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Bergman, Michael K. "KR Vocabulary and Languages." In A Knowledge Representation Practionary, 151–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98092-8_8.

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Kraus, Sarit, and Daniel Lehmann. "Knowledge, belief and time." In Automata, Languages and Programming, 186–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-16761-7_68.

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Gennaro, Rosario, and Silvio Micali. "Independent Zero-Knowledge Sets." In Automata, Languages and Programming, 34–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11787006_4.

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Ligomenides, Panos A. "The Experiential Knowledge Base as a Cognitive Prosthesis." In Visual Languages, 431–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1805-7_17.

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Conroy, Kenneth, Gregory C. May, Mark Roantree, and Giles Warrington. "Expanding Sensor Networks to Automate Knowledge Acquisition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 97–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24577-0_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in Languages"

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Sen, Priyanka, Armin Oliya, and Amir Saffari. "Expanding End-to-End Question Answering on Differentiable Knowledge Graphs with Intersection." In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.694.

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Xu, Hongyuan, Yunong Chen, Zichen Liu, Yanlong Wen, and Xiaojie Yuan. "TaxoPrompt: A Prompt-based Generation Method with Taxonomic Context for Self-Supervised Taxonomy Expansion." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/615.

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Taxonomies are hierarchical classifications widely exploited to facilitate downstream natural language processing tasks. The taxonomy expansion task aims to incorporate emergent concepts into the existing taxonomies. Prior works focus on modeling the local substructure of taxonomies but neglect the global structure. In this paper, we propose TaxoPrompt, a framework that learns the global structure by prompt tuning with taxonomic context. Prompt tuning leverages a template to formulate downstream tasks into masked language model form for better distributed semantic knowledge use. To further infuse global structure knowledge into language models, we enhance the prompt template by exploiting the taxonomic context constructed by a variant of the random walk algorithm. Experiments on seven public benchmarks show that our proposed TaxoPrompt is effective and efficient in automatically expanding taxonomies and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
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Alpizar-Chacon, Isaac, and Sergey Sosnovsky. "Expanding the Web of Knowledge." In HT '19: 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3342220.3343671.

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Christenson, Mike. "Re-representation of Urban Imagery: Strategies for Constructing Knowledge." In ACADIA 2007: Expanding Bodies. ACADIA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2007.212.

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Kohler, Michelle. "An Intercultural Orientation to Languages Education: Expanding Identity Repertoires." In 1st International Conference on Language, Literature, and Arts Education (ICLLAE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200804.001.

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Jabaley, Selma Ann. "Expanding Knowledge to Young Engineers in Our Industry." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/124777-ms.

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BrckaLorenz, Allison. "Advancing Truth: Expanding Our Knowledge of LGBQ+ Faculty." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1435478.

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Wang, Xinyi, Sebastian Ruder, and Graham Neubig. "Expanding Pretrained Models to Thousands More Languages via Lexicon-based Adaptation." In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.61.

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Spann, Catherine A., James Schaeffer, and George Siemens. "Expanding the scope of learning analytics data." In LAK '17: 7th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027385.3027427.

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Heim, Robert, Bernhard Rumpe, and Andreas Wortmann. "Extending Architecture Description Languages With Exchangeable Component Behavior Languages." In The 28th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering. KSI Research Inc. and Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18293/seke2016-013.

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Reports on the topic "Expanding Knowledge in Languages"

1

Cuginia, John V. Programming languages for knowledge-based systems. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.sp.500-145.

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Mahmoody, Mohammad, and David Xiao. Languages with Efficient Zero-Knowledge PCPs are in SZK. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563428.

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Avellán, Leopoldo, Claudia Calderón, Giulia Lotti, and Z’leste Wanner. Knowledge for Development: the IDB's Impact in the Region. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003387.

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By analyzing a novel dataset on publications by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), we shed light on the extent to which the knowledge production of a multilateral development bank can reach its beneficiaries. We find that IDB publications are downloaded mostly in the American continent, with Colombia, Peru, Mexico and the United States leading the ranking. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic downloads of IDB publications increased, both in the world and in Latin America and the Caribbean. Some characteristics of publications are significantly associated with higher numbers of downloads, such as the language of publications: documents in at least two languages or in Spanish only are downloaded more often than documents in English only, suggesting that it is important to disseminate research in the language of the targeted audience. As for the online discussion on the IDB, we find that mentions of the IDB touch different sectors important for development (especially modernization of the state, health, labor markets and financial markets), they increase when a document is published, and also when a loan is approved.
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Shaba, Varteen Hannah. Translating North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Idioms into English. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.002.

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North-eastern Neo-Aramaic (also known as NENA) languages and literature are a prosperous and encouraging field of research. They abound with oral traditions and expressions that incorporate various spoken forms including everyday language, tales, songs, chants, prayers, proverbs, and more. These are used to transfer culture, knowledge, and community values. Some types of oral forms are idioms and fixed expressions. Idioms are extremely problematic to translate for a number of reasons, including: cultural and linguistic differences between languages; their specific connection to cultural practices and interpretations, and the difficulty of transferring the same meanings and connotations into another language with accuracy. This paper explores how to define and classify idioms, and suggests specific strategies and procedures to translate idioms from the NENA dialect Bartella (a local Aramaic dialect in Nineveh Plain) into English – as proposed by Baker (1992: 63–78). Data collection is based on 15 idioms in Bartella dialect taken from the heritage play Khlola d baretle teqta (Wedding in the old Bartella). The findings revealed that only three strategies are helpful to transfer particular cultural conceptualisations: using an idiom of similar meaning and form; using an idiom of similar meaning but different form, and translation by paraphrasing. Based on the findings, the author provides individuals and institutions with suggestions on how to save endangered languages and dialects, particularly with regard to the religious minorities’ heritage. Key among these recommendations is encouraging researchers and scholars to direct translation projects and activities towards preserving minority languages with their oral heritage and cultural expressions, which are susceptible to extinction.
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.93.

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Matching of concepts with variables (concept patterns) is a relatively new operation that has been introduced in the context of description logics, originally to help filter out unimportant aspects of large concepts appearing in industrial-strength knowledge bases. Previous work has concentrated on (sub-)languages of CLASSIC, which in particular do not allow for existential restrictions. In this work, we present sound and complete decision algorithms for the solvability of matching problems and for computing sets of matchers for matching problems in description logics with existential restrictions.
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.93.

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Matching of concepts with variables (concept patterns) is a relatively new operation that has been introduced in the context of description logics, originally to help filter out unimportant aspects of large concepts appearing in industrial-strength knowledge bases. Previous work has concentrated on (sub-)languages of CLASSIC, which in particular do not allow for existential restrictions. In this work, we present sound and complete decision algorithms for the solvability of matching problems and for computing sets of matchers for matching problems in description logics with existential restrictions.
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Horrocks, Ian, and Ulrike Sattler. Optimised Reasoning for SHIQ. Aachen University of Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.118.

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The tableau algorithm implemented in the FaCT knowledge representation system decides satisfiability and subsumption in SHIQ, a very expressive description logic providing, e.g., inverse and transitive roles, number restrictions, and general axioms. Intuitively, the algorithm searches for a tree-shaped abstraction of a model. To ensure termination of this algorithm without comprimising correctness, it stops expanding paths in the search tree using a so-called 'double-blocking' condition.
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Unification in a Description Logic with Transitive Closure of Roles. Aachen University of Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.115.

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Unification of concept descriptions was introduced by Baader and Narendran as a tool for detecting redundancies in knowledge bases. It was shown that unification in the small description logic FL₀, which allows for conjunction, value restriction, and the top concept only, is already ExpTime-complete. The present paper shows that the complexity does not increase if one additionally allows for composition, union, and transitive closure of roles. It also shows that matching (which is polynomial in FL₀) is PSpace-complete in the extended description logic. These results are proved via a reduction to linear equations over regular languages, which are then solved using automata. The obtained results are also of interest in formal language theory.
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Rigotti, Christophe, and Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.

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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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10

Rigotti, Christophe, and Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.

Full text
Abstract:
The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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