Relevant bibliographies by topics / Expanding knowledge in human society

Academic literature on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in human society'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Expanding knowledge in human society"

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Moist, Louise M., William F. Clark, Luca Segantini, Sandrine Damster, Laurent Le Bellego, Germaine Wong, and Marcello Tonelli. "International Society of Nephrology-Hydration and Kidney Health Initiative - Expanding Research and Knowledge." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 68, Suppl. 2 (2016): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446222.

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The purpose of this manuscript is to describe a collaborative research initiative to explore the role of hydration in kidney health. Our understanding of the effects of hydration in health and disease is surprisingly limited, particularly when we consider the vital role of hydration in basic human physiology. Recent initiatives and research outcomes have challenged the global medical community to expand our knowledge about hydration, including the differences between water, sugared beverages and other consumables. Identification of the potential mechanisms contributing to the benefits of hydration has stimulated the global nephrology community to advance research regarding hydration for kidney health. Hydration and kidney health has been a focus of research for several research centers with a rapidly expanding world literature and knowledge. The International Society of Nephrology has collaborated with Danone Nutricia Research to promote development of kidney research initiatives, which focus on the role of hydration in kidney health and the global translation of this new information. This initiative supports the use of existing data in different regions and countries to expand dialogue among experts in the field of hydration and health, and to increase scientific interaction and productivity with the ultimate goal of improving kidney health.
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Filippova, O. G. "Popularization of the Altai archaeological heritage: experience and development prospects." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 16 (2021): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2021-16-279-283.

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The publication raises issues related to the popularization of cultural heritage, monuments of archeology. The author gives examples of possible events and actions aimed at expanding the knowledge of representatives of society about the earliest stages of human development. The important role of interaction between the professional, scientific community, museums, non-profit organizations is noted.
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Liseev, Igor K. "Ecology as a Way to Combine Knowledge about the Natural and Social in Human Being." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 4 (2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057466.

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The article considers the process of expanding the subject and methods of research in modern environmental science. It is shown how, following the traditional biological science of ecology, new directions of ecological knowledge arise under the influence of research activities: social ecology, anthropoecology. Knowledge about a human being is achieved through the use of both natural and human sciences. A great step in expanding the subject of modern ecology was the intensive formation of human ecology in recent years, in which the need for the formation of a unity of natural science and socio-humanitarian research methods was reflected most clearly. In contrast to biological ecology, in which the main focus of research was the principles of natural science research, in social ecology, socio-humanitarian issues become dominant, and in human ecology-the synthesis of natural science and socio-humanitarian approaches. It's time to abandon the progressive illusions of the past and move on to the awareness of the specifics of sustainable civilizational development at the present stage. This sustainable development presupposes the co-evolution of society and nature, such a co-development of society and nature, in which both components of this single system do not oppose each other, do not conflict, but organically presuppose each other in their combined, harmonious development. Thus, now acting as a unified science that studies the interaction of the central coreof the system and its environment, ecology sets new guidelines for understanding the organization of scientific knowledge, the mood of the modern world picture is falling. A promising way for ecology is to grow into a modern universal organizational science. But this is a distant prospect. However, even now, such a renewed ecology can provide much for Russia’s search for its modern civilizational path, clarifying the organization of scientific knowledge, specifying the contours of the modern scientific picture of the world.
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Kachan (Melnyk) Ya. V. "PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OFFICE OF UKRAINE HUMAN RESOURCES." International Academy Journal Web of Scholar, no. 7(37) (July 31, 2019): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_wos/31072019/6607.

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The article deals with the clarification of the essence of professional development of public servants of the State Employment Service of Ukraine. The article proves that the requirements, which society nowadays places in the professional activity of public servants, envisage not only increased responsibility and effectiveness in its implementation, but also continuous improvement of the level of its professional qualification by civil servants. For public servants to qualify for their duties today it is not enough to possess only narrow-profile knowledge, they need the knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms of interaction of the state, society and individual citizens. It is established that for today professional development of public service is fundamental in the context of postgraduate education of civil servants, because any political strategies are formed and implemented through the human prism. The review of professional development is outlined as: systematically organized process of continuous professional training of the personnel for its preparation for implementation of new production functions, professional qualification promotion, formation of reserve managers and improvement of personnel structure; providing and organizing the learning process to achieve the goals set by the organization; improving skills and competences, expanding knowledge, raising competency, inclining and learning enthusiasm at all levels of the organization, contributing to continuous growth.
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Kremen, V. H., and V. V. Ilin. "Transformation of the Human Image in the Paradigm of Knowledge Evolution." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 19 (June 30, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i19.235953.

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Purpose. The knowledge influence analysis on the formation process of new anthropological images of man in the contexts of scientific achievements and innovative technologies is the basis of this study. It involves the solution of the following tasks: 1) explication of the ontological content of knowledge in the anthropo-cultural senses of the epoch; 2) analysis of the knowledge influence on the process of forming a new type of man; 3) characteristics of the modern anthropological situation in the context of digital culture; 4) substantiation of interrelation of phatic communication with post-truth society in the dimensions of anthropo-social transformations of the present. Theoretical basis. Ontological content of knowledge determines the anthropo-cultural context of the epoch by forming a system of intellectual, value, social meanings of human life. The assertion of new anthropological types of man is caused by the changes in social and cultural space in the context of the growing influence of achievements in scientific knowledge and technology. Digital revolution as the process of expanding the possibilities of informational-digital reality, the substitution of knowledge for information gives rise to Homo digitalis – the digital man. He focuses on phatic communication, which in its intellectual meaninglessness is commensurate with the anthropological dimensions of post-truth society. Originality. It is substantiated that Homo digitalis is the result of a complex set of heterogeneous effects of scientific knowledge, which in modern post-truth conditions appears as different communicative practices. A condition for the formation of a new anthropological type of man in the perspective of scientific and technological progress is the affirmation of ethical wisdom. Conclusions. Knowledge in the process of evolution of socio-cultural life acquires constitutive significance for the process of formation of anthropological situations that manifest themselves in new images of man. Today, he is commensurate with the demands of digital culture, in which human life practices are increasingly becoming information and digital clusters embedded in the reality of a post-truth society. The means of overcoming the passivity of digital man is the formation of a new anthropological type based on a rethinking of the value system.
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Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah. "Islamization of Knowledge." American Journal of Islam and Society 28, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v28i3.335.

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The assumptions on which the Islamization of knowledge project was linked to the movement for restoration of Islam to a position of leadership and dominance in contemporary society may not have all been correct. Knowledge creation and beneficial use of new knowledge are two distinct though complementary processes. Each has its own requirement. Morality rooted in spirituality is decisive in ensuring that new knowledge is used beneficially. But creation of new knowledge requires freedoms of thought and discussion, encouragement of creativity and innovation, and toleration of dissent and diversity. It requires a mindset that can entertain ambiguity, one that does not hasten to discard potential spoilers of legacies long established as sacred ‒ requirements which the sponsors of the Islamization of knowledge project might have failed to give due weight. The project can be revived only by recognizing the primacy of expanding knowledge over the necessity of ensuring proper use of knowledge. It is in the nature of the first, expansion of knowledge (by creating new knowledge) that is universal. Differences of faith or moral vision, so important in the context of the second stage (putting knowledge to good use) need not stand in the way of cooperation and collaboration in the first stage. Have the sponsors of the Islamization project neglected this truth? What could be worse: have they abdicated the first step in their eagerness to do justice to the second? This paper concludes by inviting Islamization enthusiasts to join the rest of humanity in expanding knowledge, while simultaneously working for creating universal awareness of what makes use of knowledge beneficial and prevents the fatal error of allowing laissez-faire in the use of knowledge. I also argue that conceiving of knowledge as a tool for power and hegemony can be frustrating if not outright destructive. Last but not the least, we cannot know all that needs be known and, no less important, not everything is known with the same degree of certainty. Humility requires we recognize our limits. Ambiguity and a degree of uncertainty is built into the human situation. It cannot be wished away. Having adopted a humble stance, the way forward is to share the quest of knowledge and its proper use with all and everyone.
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Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah. "Islamization of Knowledge." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v28i3.335.

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The assumptions on which the Islamization of knowledge project was linked to the movement for restoration of Islam to a position of leadership and dominance in contemporary society may not have all been correct. Knowledge creation and beneficial use of new knowledge are two distinct though complementary processes. Each has its own requirement. Morality rooted in spirituality is decisive in ensuring that new knowledge is used beneficially. But creation of new knowledge requires freedoms of thought and discussion, encouragement of creativity and innovation, and toleration of dissent and diversity. It requires a mindset that can entertain ambiguity, one that does not hasten to discard potential spoilers of legacies long established as sacred ‒ requirements which the sponsors of the Islamization of knowledge project might have failed to give due weight. The project can be revived only by recognizing the primacy of expanding knowledge over the necessity of ensuring proper use of knowledge. It is in the nature of the first, expansion of knowledge (by creating new knowledge) that is universal. Differences of faith or moral vision, so important in the context of the second stage (putting knowledge to good use) need not stand in the way of cooperation and collaboration in the first stage. Have the sponsors of the Islamization project neglected this truth? What could be worse: have they abdicated the first step in their eagerness to do justice to the second? This paper concludes by inviting Islamization enthusiasts to join the rest of humanity in expanding knowledge, while simultaneously working for creating universal awareness of what makes use of knowledge beneficial and prevents the fatal error of allowing laissez-faire in the use of knowledge. I also argue that conceiving of knowledge as a tool for power and hegemony can be frustrating if not outright destructive. Last but not the least, we cannot know all that needs be known and, no less important, not everything is known with the same degree of certainty. Humility requires we recognize our limits. Ambiguity and a degree of uncertainty is built into the human situation. It cannot be wished away. Having adopted a humble stance, the way forward is to share the quest of knowledge and its proper use with all and everyone.
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Manning, Patrick. "The Life Sciences, 1900–2000: Analysis and Social Welfare from Mendel and Koch to Biotech and Conservation." Asian Review of World Histories 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340030.

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Abstract The life sciences underwent a dramatic transformation during the twentieth century, with an expansion in fundamental knowledge of the process of evolution and its molecular basis, through advances in health care that greatly extended human life, and by the combination of these advances to address the problem of conserving the many forms of life threatened by expanding human society. The essay highlights the worldwide emphasis on social welfare in the years 1945–1980 and the expanding role of international collaboration, especially in the International Biological Program and its advances in ecology and the notion of the biosphere, and in the emergence of molecular biology. This was also the era of the Cold War, yet military confrontation had fewer implications for life sciences than for the natural sciences in that era. After 1980, deregulation and neoliberalism weakened programs for social welfare, yet links among the varying strands of life sciences continued to grow, bringing the development of genomics and its many implications, expanding epidemiology to include reliance on social sciences, and deepening ecological studies as the Anthropocene became more and more prevalent. In sum, the experience of the life sciences should make it clear to world historians that scientific advance goes beyond the achievements of brilliant but isolated researchers: those same advances rely substantially on social movements, migration, and the exchange of knowledge across intellectual and physical boundaries.
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Sulaiman, Suraiya. "LITERATURE AND HUMAN VALUES: AN EXPERIENCE FROM AN EFL CLASSROOM AT PSU, PATTANI." UAD TEFL International Conference 1 (November 20, 2017): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/utic.v1.203.2017.

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Being a rich source of language and culture, literature has been an ideal tool for the study of a language. As literature offers a bountiful and extremely varied body of written material that deals with enduring human issues, it facilitates in enhancing students’ language proficiency as well as expanding their knowledge horizon. Accordingly, literature seems to provide answers for the question posed by the 4th UAD TEFL International Conference: how to teach English in order to boost students’ language proficiency while empowering them with knowledge, skills and attitude in endorsing sustainable development and promoting global awareness. In this article I will share my experience from my literature class at PSU, where I deal with the concerned question. I use two main literary works, A Street Cat Named Bob (2012), a biography by James Bowen and The Kite Runner (2003), a novel by Khaled Hosseini, to teach my students about human values such as love, loyalty, courage and social justice. At the same time, I introduce them to the world’s current issues such as diaspora, immigration, war and the idea of multicultural society.
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Flória-Santos, Milena, and Ester Silveira Ramos. "Genomic-based nursing care for women with Turner Syndrome: genomic-based nursing care." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 14, no. 5 (October 2006): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692006000500002.

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Biologic and technologic advances generated from The Human Genome Project are having a dramatic impact on the expanding role of nurses in current health care practice. New genetic research needs to be transformed rapidly into clinical protocols with recommendations for delivering care to targeted populations. Nurses can contribute significantly, as part of an interdisciplinary approach, to translate genome-based knowledge into benefits for health care and society. In this context, we describe a clinical-genetic investigation protocol, as well nursing diagnosis, interventions and outcomes for clients with Turner Syndrome (TS) at risk for develop gonadal tumors, due the presence of a normal or abnormal Y chromosome.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expanding knowledge in human society"

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Parkinson, Ann B. "Knowledge of Infant/Toddler Development Among Low-Income Families." DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2374.

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Pretest data from a two-year project entitled "An Early Intervention Program for Parents of Young Children at-Risk" were collected and analyzed, in a sample of 2,191 low-income parents, for Head Start participation and baseline information. Respondents participating in the sample were from the states of California, Delaware, Nevada, South Carolina, and Utah. For their participation in the study, respondents received a free subscription to age-paced newsletters, which contained information about appropriate growth expectancies, nutrition, and guidance for their child of 36 months or younger. Newsletters were mailed monthly to parents who had children 12 months and younger and every other month to parents with children older than 12 months. Knowledge of infant/toddler development among Head Start and non-Head Start parents was measured by i-test comparisons. Univariate analysis of demographic influences on developmental knowledge was computed by a oneway ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients. Demographic variables measured were state of residence, race, educational level, marital status, employment status, attitude, income level, number of children, supplemental programs, and age of parent. Findings revealed that Head start parents did not have a significantly greater knowledge of infant/toddler development than non-Head start parents who had more than one child. Developmental knowledge scores were higher for Head start parents than non-Head start first-time parents. All participating Head start parents had at least two children, one in the Head start program and one other child 25 months or younger. There were differences in developmental knowledge scores by state of residence, race, educational level, marital status, and employment status. Demographic variables found to have a positive correlation with developmental knowledge scores were attitude, income level, number of children, and age of parents. There was a negative correlation with the effect of supplemental programs. Programs tested for this effect were AFDC, Food stamps, Medicaid, WIC, Social Security, and Head Start. A greater proportion of Head Start parents participated in these income-assistance programs, which may have influenced their scores for child development knowledge .
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George, Anne. "Parents' Knowledge and Attitudes About Immunization in India." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2634.

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Childhood immunization is acknowledged as being a crucial health intervention for children. Immunization rates of children may vary depending on their parents' knowledge and attitudes about the issue. The focus of this study is on parents' knowledge and attitudes about immunization, and employs Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. A questionnaire was administered to 233 parents in India to explore the issues of parental immunization knowledge and attitudes. Correlates of parental knowledge and attitudes that were explored included gender, education, respondents' immunization status, and children's immunization status. Sources of parental knowledge about immunization were also examined. Overall, parents in this sample had a high level of awareness and positive attitudes about immunization. Parents' knowledge about immunization was correlated with their attitudes on immunization. Gender was correlated with parents' knowledge about immunization, but not their attitudes, with females having greater awareness about immunization than males. Parental education, parental immunization status, and children's immunization status were positively correlated with both knowledge and attitudes about immunization. Doctors and health care settings were the major sources of information abo ut immunization for parents in this sample. Implications for research, policy, and education are discussed.
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Park, Kyung-Eun. "Adoptees' Knowledge about and Contact with Birth Parents and Their Adjustment in Adolescence and Young Adulthood." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2844.

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This study described adoptees' knowledge of and contact with birth parents in adolescence and young adulthood, and analyzed the relationship between adoptees' knowledge of and contact with birth parents and the adoptees' adjustment in young adulthood. Data for the current study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). In total, 487 adoptees were identified for this study in Wave I (1995) and Wave Ill (2 002). Descriptive and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were conducted. Adoptees were more likely to be aware of their birth mothers than of their birth fathers and the percentage differences between their knowledge about birth mothers and about birth fathers were reduced over time. Adoptees were more likely to know about their birth parents during young adulthood than adolescence. Being female, being placed at an older age, never placed in a foster home, and being in young adulthood were statistically significant factors to increase the probability of knowing about birth mothers; being placed at older age and being in young adulthood statistically significantly affected the probability of having knowledge about birth fathers. Adoptees were more likely to contact their birth mothers than birth fathers and the differences in percentage concerning contacting birth mothers and birth fathers were increased seven years later. Being adopted at older age, never placed in a foster home, and being in young adulthood were statistically significantly associated with the probability of contacting birth mothers. Being adopted at an older age was associated with the probability of contacting birth fathers. The more adoptees knew about or contacted their birth parents, the less they attended college and the more they formed couple relationships in young adulthood. However, this negative effect of knowing about or contacting birth parents almost disappeared when other variables were controlled. This study provides new information in adoption studies, but the results remain inconclusive until the dynamics of pre-adoption history and post-adoption relationships are better understood.
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Tovar, Jesse. "A factor-based examination of United States Navy human resource officers work activities by commercial activity assignment codes to Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) body of knowledge standards." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FTovar.pdf.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): L. Andrew Jones, Suzanne Bosque. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82). Also available in print.
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Murray, Nicole Anne. "Who gets their hands 'dirty' in the knowledge society? Training for the skilled trades in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1714.

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The vision of New Zealand as a 'knowledge society' is a mantra that has opened the twenty-first century. Underpinning any 'knowledge society', however; are people who turn resources into concrete products and who build, maintain and service the technological and social infrastructure essential to society. This thesis examines the skilled trades and, in particular, how people are trained for those trades. Industry training is a crucial component of the wealth-generating capabilities of New Zealand. It is also an essential part of the way that many young people make the transition from school to work and from adolescence to adulthood. The means of training tradespeople has moved over the years from the rigid and prescriptive apprenticeship system, to the more voluntaristic, industry-led 'industry training' strategy, introduced following the Industry Training Act 1992. Regardless of the system used to organise training, however, there have been long-standing problems in New Zealand with achieving the optimum number of skilled workers, possessing the correct 'mix' of skills required. In this research, based upon semi-structured interviews with industry training stakeholders four industry case studies, policy content analysis and an in-depth examination of the Modem Apprenticeships scheme, I ask three key questions. First, what are the things that, as a country, we could or should reasonably expect a 'good' industry training system to contribute to? These may be things like: an adequate supply of appropriately skilled workers, the ability to upskill or reskill these workers as needed, clear transition routes for young people, lifelong learning opportunities, equity goals and foundation skills. Second, I ask how the current system performs against these criteria. The short answer is that the performance is 'patchy'. There are dire skill shortages in many areas. While opportunities for workplace upskilling, reskilling or 'lifelong learning' are available, I argue that they are not yet cemented into a 'training culture'. Workplace-based learning is an important transition route for a small percentage of our young people but the favoured route is some form of tertiary education, which may be an expensive and not necessarily relevant option. Third, I ask why the performance of New Zealand's industry training system is often less than desirable. My argument is that the problems and solutions thereof, of skill formation in New Zealand have been understood largely in terms of the supply-side. That is, we have either critiqued, or looked to reform, whatever system has been in place to train skilled workers. The inadequacy of this approach is evident from weaknesses in the ability of either the prescriptive apprenticeship system or the voluntaristic industry training strategy to deliver an appropriately skilled workforce. Thus, I also examine the demand side of skill formation: the wider influences that impact on employers' training decisions. Training decisions made by individual employers, the aggregation of which represent the level and quality of training for New Zealand as a whole, are influenced by a plethora of factors. At the micro level of the employer or firm, I explore barriers to training and some of the constraints to the demand for skills. I then examine broader influences, such as the changing shape of the workforce, labour market regulation and wider economic factors, all of which impact on training levels.
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Dalevi, Arelius Jacob. "Macro Trends in Chinese Human Resources : The effects of Human Resources on the world´s most populous nation." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1132.

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Macro Trends in Chinese Human Resources

As we move into a more advanced globalized economy we have developed from an

agriculture society to a service society. As with every other part of human development

we have continued down the path of innovation and change to what some today call the

“creative society”. It might be to early to say that we are entering a new age but it is clear

that changes happen faster and with greater impact across the globe and that is creating a

society that is different from before.

A society where the talented, educated, creative, are the catalyst of economic

development in a modern economy. But the rise of this creative class and the process of

globalization also offer problems. When people elevate themselves and those around

them to new heights through major change the people who are unable to transit into such

a world run the risk of being left behind. It is the paradox of Globalization; it brings

riches to the people who can adapt to it while the others are often left to tend for

themselves.

This thesis is about those effects on the world’s most populous nation, China. And when

it comes to these, the Human Resources, the most productive elements of a modern

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society, China is far behind. The Chinese race toward becoming a major global power is

as much about catching up to the rest of the world economically a socially and politically.

As China masses its economical muscles to change other problems evolve and the speed

of the change lead to even more complicated social problems that might come back to

haunt the country’s development path.

China is trying to do what it took the major developed nations of the world a larger part

of the last 300 years to do in one generation. Pushed by the need for reform the

communist party is juggling politics, economy, and education of their people in more and

more complicated ways and further and further away from each other. The story

however, starts on a train ride between Washington DC and New York.

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Blevins, K., Elizabeth F. Lowe, Jamie Branam Kridler, and Mary R. Langenbrunner. "The Impact of a Nutrition Education Curriculum on the Life Skills Knowledge of Juvenile Offenders in a Youth Center." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5870.

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Scorcia-Wilson, Theresa. "The Relationship Between Knowledge and Beliefs About Human Papillomavirus, Acceptance of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, and Intentions to Practice Safer Sex Behaviors Among Female College Students." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3477.

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Introduction. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be highly prevalent among young women, and STIs continue to be a challenging health issue on college campuses. Studies have shown that the highest prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is among young adult women, ages 20 to 24, including female college students. While the HPV vaccine has proven to be highly effective in preventing certain high-risk types of HPV, it is not effective in preventing all types of HPV or other STIs. Practicing other safer sex behaviors, in addition to condom use, also can help individuals protect themselves and their partners from acquiring HPV and other STIs. Purpose. Relationships between knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine, beliefs about HPV, acceptance of the HPV vaccine, and intentions to practice safer sex behaviors were assessed to determine if female college students who had a high acceptance of the HPV vaccine were also more likely to practice safer sex behaviors. Methods. A convenience sample of 2,706 undergraduate female college students, ages 18 to 24, from three U.S. public universities, completed an online survey that measured the following study variables: knowledge about HPV; knowledge about the HPV vaccine; acceptance of the HPV vaccine, specifically influential factors and barriers to vaccination; as well as attitudes, normative beliefs, control beliefs and intentions for practicing safer sex behaviors. Results. The majority of participants had a high level of knowledge of HPV (70.4%) and the HPV vaccine (73.7%). Over one-third of the participants (37.3%) received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Most participants thought they had a low susceptibility to HPV, as 54% thought they were unlikely to contract HPV; however, most (53.6%) thought that HPV would be a serious problem for them. The safer sex behavior that participants thought was the easiest was refusing to have sex with a partner that would not use a condom (51.8% “Strongly agree”) and the safer sex behavior that participants thought to be the most difficult was asking a partner to get tested for STIs (54.5% “Disagree”). Attitudes, normative beliefs, and control beliefs combined to strongly predict intentions (R = .730, p < .001), and attitudes was the strongest predictor for intentions to practice safer sex behaviors (β = .666), 95% CI [.649, .711]. There was a significant positive correlation between vaccine acceptance and intentions to practice safer sex behaviors (r = .087, p < .001), including likelihood of getting vaccinated against HPV (r = .098, p < .001). Conclusions. Findings from this study demonstrate the need for university student health centers to provide information about the HPV vaccine as part of broader STI prevention and social marketing campaigns, targeting female college students who are single, as well as those in monogamous relationships. Furthermore, because young men can be carriers of HPV and the HPV vaccine is now available to them, follow-up studies are needed to determine acceptance of the HPV vaccine among male college students as it relates to HPV knowledge, knowledge of the vaccine, and intentions to practice safer sex behaviors.
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Quiñones, Jesús Antonio. "La globalización de la educación: lo humano; lo social y sus posibilidades de futuro." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116851.

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At the swing of the global economy, political trends and events that occur in the historical development of societies, it is occurring environmental, economic and social development phenomena that affect all citizens of the world, which has been understood as globalization. Given the irreversibility as economic fact, it should alert the entire school community in which the human values and essence of being a person are the most important concepts develop within the consumer society. This essay, beyond a critique of the globalizing phenomenon, explores its possibilities for the future, determining whether the constructs education and globalization can be mutually beneficial and not mutually exclusive.
Al vaivén de la economía mundial, las coyunturas políticas y los acontecimientos que se producen en el devenir histórico de las sociedades, ocurren fenómenos de tipo ambiental, económico y social que afectan a todos los ciudadanos y ciudadanas del orbe, es lo que se ha entendido como la globalización. Dado su carácter irreversible como hecho económico, esta debe alertar a toda la comunidad educativa en la cual se rescate lo humano, los valores y la esencia del ser persona dentro de la sociedad de consumo. Es así como este ensayo pretende, más allá de una crítica al fenómeno globalizante, explorar sus posibilidades de futuro, determinando si los constructos educación y globalización pueden ser términos que se beneficien mutuamente y no sean excluyentes entre sí.
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Barnes, Helen Moewaka. "Arguing for the spirit in the language of the mind: a Maori practitioner's view of research and science : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosphy at Massey University." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1008.

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This thesis explores the ways that colonisation has resulted in Maori being cast as different and the other in Aotearoa/New Zealand. It challenges perceptions of relationships between Maori and western knowledge and between science and practice, drawing on a range of theorists, scholarly writings and multiple research and evaluation projects. The study examines how these perceptions, and the definitions arising from them, tend to compartmentalise Maori knowledge and research and, in doing so, serve non-Maori agendas more than they serve Maori aspirations. The thesis looks at the impacts that the world of the coloniser has had on our ways of knowing and ways of practising. Through illustrating initiatives that operate within Maori paradigms and collaborations between Maori and non-Maori, the development of equitable relationships is explored. Key findings are the need for a more inclusive understanding of knowledge and research practice in order to reframe the way we (coloniser and colonised) look at and express our understandings of the world and how these might be operationalised through research relationships. Part of the contribution of this thesis is to provide a framework for more equitable research relationships, focusing on non- Maori development. This is suggested as a counter to the constant examination and defining of Maori as different and in need of development.
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Books on the topic "Expanding knowledge in human society"

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Datig, William E. The age of androids: Expanding the human universe : an introduction to a unified theory of knowledge. New York: Mill Pond Pub. House, 1996.

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Session, Sri Lanka Economic Association. Human development in a knowledge-based society, Sri Lankan scene. [Colombo]: Sri Lanka Economic Association, 2004.

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Moravec, John W., author, editor, ed. Knowmad society. Minneapolis, MN]: Education Futures LLC, 2013.

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Irwin, Alan. Sociology and the environment: A critical introduction to society, nature, and knowledge. Cambridge, UK : Polity Press: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2001.

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1598-1652, Chen Hongshou, ed. The figurative works of Chen Hongshou (1599-1652): Authentic voices/expanding markets. Farnham, Surrey, UK, England: Ashgate, 2011.

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Mind, society, and human action: Time and knowledge in a theory of social economy. London: Routledge, 2010.

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Wagner, Richard E. Mind, society, and human action: Time and knowledge in a theory of social-economy. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

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Welfe, Władysław. Knowledge-based economies: Models and methods. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Wurman, Richard Saul. Understanding. Newport, RI: TED Conferences, 1999.

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Ofer, Gal, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge: Embodied Empiricism in Early Modern Science. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expanding knowledge in human society"

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Hammond, Michael. "Finite Human Capacities and the Pattern of Social Stratification in a Knowledge Society." In The Knowledge Society, 31–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4724-5_3.

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Gobo, Giampietro, and Valentina Marcheselli. "Gnoseology: The Foundations of Human Knowledge." In Science, Technology and Society, 9–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08306-8_2.

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Bylieva, Daria, Victoria Lobatyuk, Dmitry Kuznetsov, and Natalia Anosova. "How Human Communication Influences Virtual Personal Assistants." In Knowledge in the Information Society, 98–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65857-1_11.

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Kobayashi, Kiyoshi, and Kei Fukuyama. "Human Contacts in Knowledge Society: An Analytical Perspective." In Knowledge and Networks in a Dynamic Economy, 237–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60318-1_13.

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Saito, Toshinori. "The Human Development Process and Informatics Education in the 21st Century." In Key Competencies in the Knowledge Society, 354–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15378-5_34.

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Tan, Sang-Sang, and Jin-Cheon Na. "Expanding Sentiment Lexicon with Multi-word Terms for Domain-Specific Sentiment Analysis." In Digital Libraries: Knowledge, Information, and Data in an Open Access Society, 285–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49304-6_34.

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Miller, Keith J., and Mark Arehart. "Result Aggregation for Knowledge-Intensive Multicultural Name Matching." In Human Language Technology. Challenges of the Information Society, 405–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04235-5_35.

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Vinogradova, M. V., and A. S. Larionov. "Analyzing of User Actions for the Business Process Models Mining and Automated Building of the Knowledge Base of a Company." In Society 5.0: Human-Centered Society Challenges and Solutions, 395–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95112-2_32.

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Gupta, Preeti, Sapna Sinha, and Ajay Rana. "Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in a Human-Centric Society 5.0: A Health Care Perspective." In Healthcare and Knowledge Management for Society 5.0, 63–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003168638-5.

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Nakamura, Mariko. "Examining the Possibility of Expanding the Use of Digital Images Recorded in the “Audio-Visual Recording of Custodial Interrogation” System." In Human-Centric Computing in a Data-Driven Society, 41–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62803-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expanding knowledge in human society"

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Cianfanelli, Elisabetta, Maria Claudia Coppola, and Margherita Tufarelli. "Overcrowded Ecologies: Designing Value through More-than-Human Factors." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001414.

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With artificial intelligence being tirelessly trained and constantly learning about subjects and objects inhabiting given environments, whole new ecosystems have been rising and developing, where beings and things are equally entangled in boundaries, connections and relationships, capable of enacting their own agencies at any time.In fact, since everyday life becomes more and more home to smart objects related to the Internet of Things paradigm at different scales of innovation - private, social, urban systems -, the resulting overcrowded ecologies seem to ask to be tackled through design approaches focusing not only on artifacts understood at a limited stage of use and as passive tools related to human agency only. Autonomous vehicles, robots, sensing surfaces, recording devices are populating society in increasing numbers, pushing the social sphere towards its more-than-human futures. In this sense, the resulting computational environment produces a more-than-human experience, with all its clustering, classifying and patterning information happening almost instantaneously and often without the need of a perceiving subject. This leads to a significant change in the way information is experienced and used: examining the interlocking nature of humans and technology by looking at the way technology is humanised, and humans are technologised, it seems that smart objects are gaining complex features like being deliberative, reflectional, experiential and communicative, allowing them to produce both reflectional knowledge, - namely knowledge which humans can use to think about phenomena with new insights - and actionable knowledge - namely knowledge which non-human actants can use to do things and achieve goals. Thus, human knowledge and data-driven knowledge promote specific values, influencing collective life, launching a twofold challenge in overcrowded ecologies: from one side, designers might address thing factors so that they could sense and understand the world through more-than-human values; from the other side designers might address being factors to build meaning through shared values.As both beings and things learn and act, the world is full of extended agencies, where it is not worth distinguishing whether humans extend their own agency through objects or vice versa. According to the “hybrid” behaviorism making its way and leading to new insights for design culture, the contribution aims at investigating more-than-human factors and values in times of hyper-communication, where contemporary landscapes appear so heterogeneously populated, that embracing diversity and the radical interdependence it entails means grasping the diverse needs of design beneficiaries, be they beings or things. Synthetic and organic agency, natural and machinical ones: it is very likely that designers will not only design with them, but also for them: networks of natural and computational entities can in fact be thought of not only given objects - wheter they be enabler or disabler - but agents participating in the design space, triggering the development of corresponding design methods, frameworks, and practices to better address the challenges to be faced today as a planet. Thus, designing in overcrowded ecologies becomes a matter of care and inspires designers into shaping more-than-human communities, expanding their disciplinary areas of practice as an exercise of stewardship within society.
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Matsuyama, T., S. Nobuhara, T. Mukasa, A. Miyamoto, and K. Fujimoto. "3D Human Sensing." In International Conference on Informatics Education and Research for Knowledge-Circulating Society (icks 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icks.2008.8.

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Minoh, Michihiko, and Koh Kakusho. "Observing and Recording Human Activities." In International Conference on Informatics Education and Research for Knowledge-Circulating Society (icks 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icks.2008.36.

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Nizhnikov, Sergei. "Spiritual Knowledge in Eastern and Western Cultures and Human Health*." In 4th International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200316.107.

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Tschiesner, Reinhard, and Angelika Pahl. "TRAINEE TEACHERS’ PREFERENCES IN THE SUBJECT ‘NATURE-HUMAN-SOCIETY’: THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE." In 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.0806.

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Inui, Toshio. "Mechanisms of Action Generation and Recognition in the Human Brain." In 2007 International Conference on Informatics Research for Development of Knowledge Society Infrastructure. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icks.2007.16.

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Prevete, Roberto, Giovanni Tessitore, Ezio Catanzariti, and Guglielmo Tamburrini. "Towards a Shared Action Code for Human-Robot Interaction." In International Conference on Informatics Education and Research for Knowledge-Circulating Society (icks 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icks.2008.40.

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Saeedi, Ramyar, Keyvan Sasani, Skyler Norgaard, and Assefaw H. Gebremedhin. "Personalized Human Activity Recognition using Wearables: A Manifold Learning-based Knowledge Transfer." In 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512533.

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Matsuyama, Takashi, and Hiroaki Kawashima. "Modeling Dynamic Structure of Human Verbal and Nonverbal Communication." In Second International Conference on Informatics Research for Development of Knowledge Society Infrastructure (ICKS'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icks.2007.19.

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Fukuda, Shuichi. "Towards Establishing Benefit Society." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001773.

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Up to now, cost has attracted major attention, because the producer produced their products in mass and cost played an important role. Although there were changes, they change smoothly, so that we could differentiate them and could predict the future. What customers wanted up to now is material satisfaction. And cost provided us with a quantitative measure of performance. Customers have been substantially consumers. They have been happy to receive and use what producers delivered to them. Cost was, therefore, very reasonable measure of evaluation. But the more products were produced in mass, the more diversification and personalization emerged. And customers are no more consumers. They want to customize their products. Thus, our society has moved from product-centric to process-focused. This change from consumer to customer may be expressed as moving from cardinal to ordinal. What becomes increasingly important is how we can prioritize our decisions. As the Real World is rapidly expanding and it is no more a closed world with boundary. The boundary disappeared, and it is now an open world. To express this change another way, our customers have been homogeneous, but now they are very much heterogenous. And data are no more only numbers, but they contain a wide variety of information. So, the idea of benefit emerged as an opposite to cost. We, customers, enjoy the benefit or performance of products. Even if the prices might become higher, customers are happier with products what works for them to enjoy. But in contrast to cost, benefit is different from person to person. Let us take music for example. Music can be expressed using musical scores. But if we play music based on musical score every time, then we will get bored soon. We would not go for music to enjoy. We enjoy music because it is played differently from player to player. Just as in the case of music, our benefits are different from person to person. Benefit is very much personal. But we enjoy listening to the same music or looking at the same picture, although our personal benefit varies from person to person. Why? These music and pictures provide us with a common platform, which we share, but which provides us with the opportunity to enjoy our own personal benefit.In ICT, they point out that the next generation will be the age of service. This service means shared platform, which allows everyone to process ICT his or her own way. Society is where we share our life. Thus, we should do our best and move toward establishing benefit society.
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Reports on the topic "Expanding knowledge in human society"

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Millican, Juliet. Civil Society Learning Journey Briefing Note 3: Methods for Supporting or Countering Informal Social Movements. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.153.

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In 2018 key concerns included shrinking civic space and the impact of this on democracy. Developments between the two periods, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter and decolonisation movements, have only increased emphasis on commitments made as part of the Grand Bargain to localise and decolonise. This invariably means working more frequently with local partners and civil society organisations in the delivery of international aid to advance Open Society and Human Rights agendas. These three briefing notes summarise key considerations emerging from the ‘Working with Civil Society’ Learning Journey facilitated for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) as part of the Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme.
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Millican, Juliet. Civil Society Learning Journey Briefing Note 2: Evaluating Efficacy When Funding CSOs Promoting Democracy and Open Societies. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.152.

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In 2018 key concerns included shrinking civic space and the impact of this on democracy. Developments between the two periods, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter and decolonisation movements, have only increased emphasis on commitments made as part of the Grand Bargain to localise and decolonise. This invariably means working more frequently with local partners and civil society organisations in the delivery of international aid to advance Open Society and Human Rights agendas. These three briefing notes summarise key considerations emerging from the ‘Working with Civil Society’ Learning Journey facilitated for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) as part of the Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme.
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Millican, Juliet. Civil Society Learning Journey Briefing Note 1: What are the Strengths and Weaknesses of INGOs Delivering Development Outcomes? Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.151.

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In 2018 key concerns included shrinking civic space and the impact of this on democracy. Developments between the two periods, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter and decolonisation movements, have only increased emphasis on commitments made as part of the Grand Bargain to localise and decolonise. This invariably means working more frequently with local partners and civil society organisations in the delivery of international aid to advance Open Society and Human Rights agendas. These three briefing notes summarise key considerations emerging from the ‘Working with Civil Society’ Learning Journey facilitated for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) as part of the Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme.
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Short, Samuel, Bernhard Strauss, and Pantea Lotfian. Emerging technologies that will impact on the UK Food System. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.srf852.

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Rapid technological innovation is reshaping the UK food system in many ways. FSA needs to stay abreast of these changes and develop regulatory responses to ensure novel technologies do not compromise food safety and public health. This report presents a rapid evidence assessment of the emerging technologies considered most likely to have a material impact on the UK food system and food safety over the coming decade. Six technology fields were identified and their implications for industry, consumers, food safety and the regulatory framework explored. These fields are: Food Production and Processing (indoor farming, 3D food printing, food side and byproduct use, novel non-thermal processing, and novel pesticides); Novel Sources of Protein, such as insects (for human consumption, and animal feedstock); Synthetic Biology (including lab-grown meat and proteins); Genomics Applications along the value chain (for food safety applications, and personal “nutrigenomics”); Novel Packaging (active, smart, biodegradable, edible, and reusable solutions); and, Digital Technologies in the food sector (supporting analysis, decision making and traceability). The report identifies priority areas for regulatory engagement, and three major areas of emerging technology that are likely to have broad impact across the entire food industry. These areas are synthetic biology, novel food packaging technologies, and digital technologies. FSA will need to take a proactive approach to regulation, based on frequent monitoring and rapid feedback, to manage the challenges these technologies present, and balance increasing technological push and commercial pressures with broader human health and sustainability requirements. It is recommended FSA consider expanding in-house expertise and long-term ties with experts in relevant fields to support policymaking. Recognising the convergence of increasingly sophisticated science and technology applications, alongside wider systemic risks to the environment, human health and society, it is recommended that FSA adopt a complex systems perspective to future food safety regulation, including its wider impact on public health. Finally, the increasing pace of technological
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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade, and Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.

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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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9

CONSENSUS STUDY ON THE STATE OF THE HUMANITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: STATUS, PROSPECTS AND STRATEGIES. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2016/0025.

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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence-based advice on the status and future role of the Humanities in South Africa to government and other stakeholders (such as science councils, the department of education, universities) as a contribution towards improving the human condition. Everywhere, the Humanities is judged by many to be in “crisis.” The reasons for this, in South Africa, include the governmental emphasis on science and technology; the political emphasis on the economically-grounded idea of “developmentalism;” the shift of values among youth (and their parents) towards practical employment and financial gain; and the argument that the challenges faced by our society are so urgent and immediate that the reflective and critical modes of thinking favoured in the Humanities seem to be unaffordable luxuries. The Report provides invaluable detail about the challenges and opportunities associated with tapping the many pools of excellence that exist in the country. It should be used as a guideline for policymakers to do something concrete to improve the circumstances faced by the Humanities, not only in South Africa but also around the world. Amongst other recommendations, the Report calls for the establishment of a Council for the Humanities to advise government on how to improve the status and standing of the Humanities in South Africa. It also calls for initiation, through the leadership of the Department of Basic Education, considered measures to boost knowledge of and positive choices for the Humanities throughout the twelve years of schooling, including progressive ways of privileging the Arts, History and Languages in the school curriculum through Grade 12.
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10

Microbiology in the 21st Century: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? American Society for Microbiology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.5sept.2003.

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The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium September 5–7, 2003, in Charleston, South Carolina to discuss the central importance of microbes to life on earth, directions microbiology research will take in the 21st century, and ways to foster public literacy in this important field. Discussions centered on: the impact of microbes on the health of the planet and its inhabitants; the fundamental significance of microbiology to the study of all life forms; research challenges faced by microbiologists and the barriers to meeting those challenges; the need to integrate microbiology into school and university curricula; and public microbial literacy. This is an exciting time for microbiology. We are becoming increasingly aware that microbes are the basis of the biosphere. They are the ancestors of all living things and the support system for all other forms of life. Paradoxically, certain microbes pose a threat to human health and to the health of plants and animals. As the foundation of the biosphere and major determinants of human health, microbes claim a primary, fundamental role in life on earth. Hence, the study of microbes is pivotal to the study of all living things, and microbiology is essential for the study and understanding of all life on this planet. Microbiology research is changing rapidly. The field has been impacted by events that shape public perceptions of microbes, such as the emergence of globally significant diseases, threats of bioterrorism, increasing failure of formerly effective antibiotics and therapies to treat microbial diseases, and events that contaminate food on a large scale. Microbial research is taking advantage of the technological advancements that have opened new fields of inquiry, particularly in genomics. Basic areas of biological complexity, such as infectious diseases and the engineering of designer microbes for the benefit of society, are especially ripe areas for significant advancement. Overall, emphasis has increased in recent years on the evolution and ecology of microorganisms. Studies are focusing on the linkages between microbes and their phylogenetic origins and between microbes and their habitats. Increasingly, researchers are striving to join together the results of their work, moving to an integration of biological phenomena at all levels. While many areas of the microbiological sciences are ripe for exploration, microbiology must overcome a number of technological hurdles before it can fully accomplish its potential. We are at a unique time when the confluence of technological advances and the explosion of knowledge of microbial diversity will enable significant advances in microbiology, and in biology in general, over the next decade. To make the best progress, microbiology must reach across traditional departmental boundaries and integrate the expertise of scientists in other disciplines. Microbiologists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to harness the vast computing power available and apply it to better advantage in research. Current methods for curating research materials and data should be rethought and revamped. Finally, new facilities should be developed to house powerful research equipment and make it available, on a regional basis, to scientists who might otherwise lack access to the expensive tools of modern biology. It is not enough to accomplish cutting-edge research. We must also educate the children and college students of today, as they will be the researchers of tomorrow. Since microbiology provides exceptional teaching tools and is of pivotal importance to understanding biology, science education in schools should be refocused to include microbiology lessons and lab exercises. At the undergraduate level, a thorough knowledge of microbiology should be made a part of the core curriculum for life science majors. Since issues that deal with microbes have a direct bearing on the human condition, it is critical that the public-at-large become better grounded in the basics of microbiology. Public literacy campaigns must identify the issues to be conveyed and the best avenues for communicating those messages. Decision-makers at federal, state, local, and community levels should be made more aware of the ways that microbiology impacts human life and the ways school curricula could be improved to include valuable lessons in microbial science.
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