Dissertations / Theses: 'Expanding knowledge in economics'

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Ratute, Ashley. "Expanding social justice knowledge with sweatshop history." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476340.

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Boyle, Melissa Ann. "Health and utilization effects of expanding public health insurance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32410.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis exploits a major overhaul in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care system to answer various questions about publicly-provided health care. The VA restructuring involved the adoption of a capitated payment system and treatment methods based on the managed care model. This reorganization was accompanied by a major expansion in the population eligible to receive VA care. Chapter one analyzes both the efficiency of providing public health care in a managed care setting and the effectiveness of expanding coverage to healthier and wealthier populations. I estimate that between 35 and 70 percent of new take-up of VA care was the result of individuals dropping private health insurance. While utilization of services increased, estimates indicate that the policy change did not result in net health improvements. Regions providing more care to healthier, newly-eligible veterans experienced bigger reductions in hospital care and larger increases in outpatient services for previously-eligible veterans. This shift away from specialty care may help to explain the aggregate health declines. Chapter two examines the impact of the introduction of a VA-sponsored drug benefit on Medicare-eligible veterans. Results suggest that a drug benefit does not result in changes in the quantity of drugs consumed, but does lead to an increase in spending and a shift in who pays for the prescriptions. The benefit appears to have a larger effect on lower-income individuals. Results also show suggestive evidence of positive health effects as a result of the drug benefit, an outcome which could be cost-saving in the long run.
(cont.) Chapter three utilizes the change in government health care coverage for veterans to test whether employer-provided insurance leads to inefficiencies in the labor market, and the degree to which such inefficiencies might be alleviated by expanding public health insurance programs. We examine the impact of health care coverage on labor force participation and retirement by comparing veterans and non-veterans before and after the VA expansion. Results indicate that workers are significantly more likely to cease working as a result of becoming eligible for public insurance, and are also more likely to move to part-time work.
by Melissa Ann Boyle.
Ph.D.

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Griffith, Alan. "Expanding knowledge and practice of construction management systems and procedures." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2006. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20163/.

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This submission is a highly focused collection of research-based and scholarly publications in the specialist field of Construction Management. Emphasis is placed on management systems and procedures involved in the procurement and production phases of the total building process. A coherent, original, independent and significant contribution to the advancement and application of knowledge has been made through applied research and dissemination of findings to academic peers, construction industry professionals and students in higher education. This has been achieved through: academic, professional and research-based textbooks; research monographs; refereed papers in learned journals; refereed papers to premier national and international conferences; and papers to foremost construction industry professional institutions. Textbooks have been published by Macmillan, Thomas-Telford in collaboration with the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Longman and Palgrave with three commissioned by and contributing to the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) 'Education Framework' for construction industry. Peer-reviewed papers have been published by eminent journals based within the UK, North America, Australia, Hong Kong and China whilst refereed conference papers have been published both in the UK and internationally at leading research symposia. Among the refereed journal and conference papers presented, a number have merited prestigious awards reflecting "the outstanding contribution to research knowledge and communication within the construction industry" (ciob, 1988) and in recognition of "making a practical and lasting contribution towards the improvement of standards in building practice and education in building"(CIOB, 2004).This submission reflects a distinguished level of dissemination of applied research and scholarship over a twenty year period. The body of work presented has established a highly significant and authoritative contribution to the better understanding of construction management systems andprocedures. Furthermore, it has influenced, where applicable, thinking and practice within the subject field within research groups, higher education, the professions and the construction industry.

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Garza, Moreno Laura. "Expanding knowledge on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae gilt acclimation, vaccination and genetic variability." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667223.

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Esta Tesis Doctoral está constituida por tres estudios. El primer estudio consistió en identificar las estrategias actuales de adaptación de la reposición frente M. hyopneumoniae utilizadas en las granjas porcinas de Europa. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se diseñó un cuestionario centrado en las diferentes características de la explotación, la reposición y el proceso de adaptación. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la vacunación frente M. hyopneumoniae con múltiples dosis, fue la estrategia más utilizada, sola o en combinación con otros métodos, para la adaptación de la reposición frente a este patógeno en Europa. No obstante, el efecto de la vacunación de la reposición se desconocía. Para conocer el efecto de la vacunación de la reposición frente a M. hyopneumoniae, se evaluaron diferentes programas vacunales en el segundo estudio de esta Tesis. Para ello, se seleccionaron 180 cerdas negativas frente a M. hyopneumoniae en la unidad de adaptación de una granja positiva a M. hyopneumoniae y se distribuyeron según el programa vacunal en tres grupos: (A) cuatro dosis de una vacuna comercial contra M. hyopneumoniae a las 2, 4, 6 y 8 semanas tras la entrada (spe) en la adaptación, (B) dos dosis de vacuna a las 2 y 6, y dos inyecciones de solución salina tamponada con fosfato (PBS) a las 4 y 8 spe, y (C) cuatro dosis de PBS a los mismos tiempos. Los grupos vacunados (A y B) mostraron una proporción significativamente más baja de nulíparas excretoras y niveles de anticuerpos más elevados en comparación con el grupo no vacunado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los protocolos de vacunación con cuatro o dos dosis en términos de excreción y niveles de anticuerpos Respecto a los lechones al destete, todos fueron negativos a M. hyopneumoniae por PCR en tiempo real, independientemente del programa de vacunación administrado a sus madres. Por otro lado, la proporción de lechones seropositivos y los niveles de anticuerpos fueron mayores en los lechones provenientes de los grupos vacunados. Este estudio demostró por primera vez que la vacunación de la reposición frente a M. hyopneumoniae puede ser una herramienta eficaz para reducir la presión de infección y la variabilidad de M. hyopneumoniae en lotes de reposición, así como proporcionar una inmunidad humoral a largo plazo para la reposición y sus lechones. El tercer estudio de esta Tesis tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad genética de M. hyopneumoniae en cerdos no vacunados y vacunados que presentaban lesiones pulmonares asociadas a M. hyopneumoniae en los mataderos. Asimismo, se evaluó la variabilidad genética de las vacunas comerciales frente a M. hyopneumoniae utilizadas en las granjas vacunadas. Para lograr este objetivo, se seleccionaron diez granjas de cerdos de engorde vacunadas y diez no vacunadas, positivas a M. hyopneumoniae. En el matadero, se evaluaron las lesiones pulmonares compatibles con M. hyopneumoniae de un lote por granja y se recogieron muestras de los tres pulmones con la lesión más extensa. Las muestras positivas a M. hyopneumoniae por PCR se genotiparon contando el número variable de repeticiones en tándem (del inglés, variable number of tandem repeats) en dos (P97, P146) o cuatro genes (P97, P146, H1 y H5) y se les asignó un perfil de tipificación (TP) de M. hyopneumoniae. Se detectó una elevada variabilidad entre granjas, mientras que la variabilidad dentro de las granjas fue limitada usando dos o cuatro genes. Curiosamente, Cuanto mayor fue el número de genes estudiados, mayor variabilidad. No obstante, se detectó un TP por pulmón y los TPs detectados en cerdos de granjas vacunadas fueron diferentes de la cepa vacunal utilizada en la granja.
The present PhD Thesis consisted of three studies. The first study sought to identify the current gilt acclimation strategies against M. hyopneumoniae performed in European pig farms. To reach that goal, a questionnaire focused on different features of the recipient herd, incoming replacements and acclimation process, was designed. Obtained results indicated that the most common strategy used for M. hyopneumoniae gilt acclimation was vaccination based on multiple doses programs. However, the effect of such process was unknown. In order to know the effect of vaccination against M. hyopneumoniae during the acclimation period in gilts and their piglets, different gilt vaccination schedules were evaluated in the second study of this Thesis. One hundred-eighty gilts were distributed according to the vaccination program into three groups: (A) four doses of a commercial vaccine against M. hyopneumoniae at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post entry (wpe) into acclimation unit, (B) two vaccine doses at 2 and 6, and two doses of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 4 and 8 wpe, and (C) four doses of PBS at the same time points. Vaccinated groups (A and B) showed significantly lower proportion of shedding gilts and higher levels of antibodies compared to the non-vaccinated group after acclimation. However, no significant differences in terms of shedding or levels of antibodies were found between vaccination programs with four or two doses. Sampled piglets at weaning were M. hyopneumoniae negative by real time PCR (rt-PCR) independently of gilt vaccination program administered. In contrast, the proportion of seropositive piglets and levels of antibodies were higher in those coming from vaccinated groups. The present work represents the first attempt to demonstrate that gilt vaccination against M. hyopneumoniae can be an effective tool to reduce the infectious pressure and bacterium variability into replacement batches, as well as provide a long-term humoral immunity to gilts and their offspring. The third study aimed to evaluate the M. hyopneumoniae genetic variability in non-vaccinated and vaccinated pigs showing M. hyopneumoniae-like lung lesions at slaughterhouses, as well as in the vaccines used in each vaccinated farm. To achieve this objective, ten vaccinated and ten non-vaccinated fattening farms positive to M. hyopneumoniae were selected. At slaughterhouse, M. hyopneumoniae-like lung lesions from one batch were scored and three lungs showing the most extensive lesion were collected per batch. Positive samples were genotyped by counting the variable number of tandem repeats of two (P97, P146) or four loci (P97, P146, H1 and H5), and a M. hyopneumoniae typing profile (TP) was assigned. High inter- and limited intra-farm M. hyopneumoniae genetic variability among non-vaccinated and vaccinated fattening farms in Spain using two and four loci. Interestingly, the higher the number of tested loci, the higher the variability. Despite this, only one TP was detected per sample and the TPs detected in pigs from vaccinated farms were different from the strain of the corresponding vaccine used. Furthermore, this study provides novel and interesting data for future discussion regarding the influence of the number of loci tested on the M. hyopneumoniae genetic variability.

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Lundkvist, Robert. "Expanding the use of contract inspections in construction : An approach to inter-project knowledge diffusion?" Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26285.

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This licentiate thesis presents a taxonomic approach to classification of defect information in construction projects. A conceptual model, based in a frame of reference consisting of the concepts of Continuous Improvement, Performance Measurement, Knowledge Management, as well as the current Quality Management regime of the industry helps to understand how the use of Contract Inspections can be developed towards facilitating inter-project knowledge diffusion and continuous improvement in construction.Three research questions were formulated:RQ I:How is information from inspection reports currently used?RQ II:How could information from inspection reports be utilised further?RQ III:How should information from inspection reports be structured and codified, to enable storage and future data analysis to facilitate continuous improvement?Qualitative as well as quantitative data has been collected in three different studies. In the first contractors were surveyed through a questionnaire about their use of different suggested experience feedback concepts, such as contract inspections. In the second other project participants than contractors was an interviewed, asking them how they use inspections and how the current usage could be extended. In the third study, a single case study about the inspection activities in one construction project, the purpose was to analyse the method and results of Pre- and Final Inspections. These results were interpreted through classification theory. It is further suggested how inspection data could be enhanced for the purpose of database storing, transforming, and easy access.The thesis concludes that both contractors and the other project roles currently use and view inspections as they are prompted in the General Conditions (AB 04), i.e. as an activity that document what defects there are for the contractor to rectify. Several companies have started to store inspection reports on project-dedicated servers, a routine that is thought to enhance the access to information to some extent. Several respondents have also introduced the compilation of defect statistics.Except automating the compiling of descriptive defect statistics, a system for managing inspection information, giving the widest access to the information about previously experienced defects, is expected to serve a Continuous Improvement process with input for identifying reoccurring problems in the production process. This system could as well be utilised for giving performance feedback to contractors and suppliers. Through continual surveying of the performance of current projects, the performance of the production process can be monitored. Based on the analysed reports, and the literature on taxonomy, the conclusions for RQ III identifies 15 different types of data tags, or types of information, that should be used as structure for the defects’ information: Unique Project Identifier, Unique Defect Identifier, Inspection Identifier, Responsibility, Defect Serial Number, Floor level, BSAB 96 Space Code, BSAB Object code, Defect type, Defect description, Rectification measure, Flag for Safety Issue, Cause, Date logging, and Photos.Future research should focus on the validation of the proposed model and system, suggested through case studies.
Den här licentiatavhandlingen presenterar ett taxonomiskt upplägg för att klassificera informationen om de fel som uppkommer i byggprojekt. Tre forskningsfrågor formulerades:FF I: Hur används informationen i besiktningsutlåtandena i nuläget?FF II: Hur kan användningen av informationen i besiktningsutlåtandenavidareutvecklas?FF III: Hur bör informationen från utlåtandena struktureras och kodifieras, för att tillåta lagring samt framtida dataanalys, till hjälp för Ständiga förbättringar?Kvalitativ, såväl som kvantitativ, data har samlats in över tre olika studier. I den första tillfrågades Sveriges byggentreprenörer genom en enkät hur de använder olika typer av föreslagna erfarenhetsåterföringsaktiviteter, t.ex. entreprenadbesiktningar. I den andra studien intervjuades övriga projektroller om hur de använder besiktningsinformationen, samt hur det nuvarande användandet kan utökas till andra områden. I den tredje studien, en singel-fallstudie över besiktningsaktiviteterna i ett större byggprojekt, analyserades och klassificerades informationen om felen från projektets besiktningsutlåtanden utifrån det svenska klassificeringssystemet för byggbranschen, BSAB 96.Resultaten visar att alla tillfrågade projektroller idag har den syn på besiktningar som de är tänkta från början, som de presenteras i AB 04, d.v.s. som en aktivitet som dokumenterar de fel som finns i ett projekt och som entreprenören måste åtgärda innan besiktningen blir godkänd. Ett flertal företag har dock börjat spara de färdiga besiktningsutlåtandena på projektportaler, en rutin som torde öka möjligheten till spridning av besiktningsinformationen något. Några respondenter har även börjat med att sammanställa enklare statistik över fel inom produktionen i företaget. Baserat på de analyserade besiktningsutlåtandena och litteraturen om taxonomier så föreslås även 15 olika klassificeringsbegrepp, med syftet att förädla informationen om felen i utlåtandena: Unikt Projekt-ID, Unikt Fel-ID, Besiktnings-ID, Ansvar, Löpnummer fel, Våning, BSAB 96 Utrymme-kod, BSAB element/objekt-kod, Feltyp, Felbeskrivning, Åtgärd, Flagga för säkerhetsproblem, Orsak (förslagsvis grundorsaksanalys), datumloggning och foton.Förutom att kunna automatisera statistikframställning, så ger en systemlösning för att hantera besiktningsinformation möjligheter till att kunna sprida informationen om tidigare producerade fel. Systemet antas kunna förse en process för Ständiga förbättringar med input för att kunna identifiera systematiskt återkommande fel och därav problemområden för förbättringsorganisation att arbeta med.Baserat på idéerna om Ständiga förbättringar, prestationsmätningar och Knowledge Management utvecklades en modell för hur arbetet med entreprenad-besiktningar kan utvecklas till att kunna hjälpa vid med kunskapsspridning mellan projekt samt Ständiga förbättringar. Framtida forskning bör framförallt fokusera på att validera den föreslagna modellen och systemet, förslagsvis genom fallstudier.
Godkänd; 2011; 20111115 (roblun); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Byggproduktion/Construction Engineering Examinator: Professor Thomas Olofsson, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Filosofie doktor Kajsa Simu, NCC Construction, Luleå Tid: Fredag den 16 december 2011 kl 10.00 Plats: E246, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Gutin, Sarah Anne. "Expanding contraceptive options in South Africa : knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding the intrauterine device (IUD)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25805.

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The intrauterine device (IUD) is a safe, effective, convenient, reliable, inexpensive, and cost-effective form of reversible contraception. It rivals female sterilization, injectables, and implants with respect to effectiveness in pregnancy prevention. Once inserted, IUDs are nearly maintenance free; some IUDs can even be used for over a decade. In many settings however, the utilization of this form of contraception is poor and a number of barriers to usage exist. These barriers often relate to lack of knowledge and misperceptions among both potential users and healthcare providers. The IUD is a reliable option that may be an ideal form of contraception for many women in South Africa. In order to make this method available on a wider scale, it is necessary to provide correct information to women and health care professionals and to increase the availability and use of this highly effective method. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study designed to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of potential users and health care providers with respect to the IUD. We recruited 205 women between 15 to 49 years of age who were attending family planning and ST! care services at four primary level public clinics (two in the more urban Western Cape Province and two in the rural Eastern Cape Province in South Africa). In addition, we interviewed 32 providers from 12 clinics (six clinics per province). Ethical approval for this research was obtained from both the University of Cape Town and Walter Sisulu University (formerly the University of the Transkei). Permission was also given by the local and provincial health services. Among clients, knowledge of the IUD was poor. About 26% of women had heard of the IUD. After the method was explained to them, 89.7% of women believed that there were advantages to using the IUD and 72.7% of women said that they would consider using the JUD in the future. Also, women thought the IUD was an easier contraceptive method to use than oral contraceptive pills, injectables, male and female condoms, and female sterilization. Logistic regression modelling showed that, after adjusting for level of education, being from the Western Cape, older age, and having heard of emergency contraception all independently predicted awareness of the IUD method. For the most part, providers knew how the IUD worked to prevent pregnancy; however, providers were lacking in more detailed knowledge about the method and had misinformation about the IUD. Almost all (93 .6%) of providers recognized their need for more information and training about the IUD. Providers reported that barriers to IUD usage in South Africa were lack of knowledge of the method on the part of providers (84.4%), a lack of trained providers to insert or remove the IUD (62.5%), limited availability of the device at health facilities (56.3%), and a lack of knowledge on the part of potential users (46.9%). Despite these barriers, 81 % of providers believed women would be interested in the IUD if they knew about it and 73.3% believed the IUD should be promoted in South Africa. Our results suggest that the IUD would be a welcome addition to the contraceptive method mix in South Africa and that both clients and providers would be interested in this method. It is clear that awareness campaigns among women seeking contraception would be necessary for building support and publicizing the IUD. It will also be necessary to train and educate providers, focusing on up to date information, dispelling myths, and proper insertion and removal techniques. South Africa could re-introduce the IUD into the contraceptive method mix and increase women's choice by adding this valuable, viable, and sustainable option to the contraceptive method mix. The findings of this study, which was requested by the provincial health services, will be used to inform policy and as a starting point for assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a greater role for the IUD in the contraceptive method mix in South Africa.

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Figg, Jennifer E. "Expanding Eco-Visualization: Sculpting Corn Production." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4028.

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This dissertation expands upon the definition of eco-visualization artwork. EV was originally defined in 2006 by Tiffany Holmes as a way to display the real time consumption statistics of key environmental resources for the goal of promoting ecological literacy. I assert that the final forms of EV artworks are not necessarily dependent on technology, and can differ in terms of media used, in that they can be sculptural, video-based, or static two-dimensional forms that communicate interpreted environmental information. There are two main categories of EV: one that is predominantly screen-based and another that employs a variety of modes of representation to visualize environmental information. EVs are political acts, situated in a charged climate of rising awareness, operating within the context of environmentalism and sustainability. I discuss a variety of EV works within the frame of ecopsychology, including EcoArtTech’s Eclipse and Keith Deverell’s Building Run; Andrea Polli’s Cloud Car and Particle Falls; Nathalie Miebach’s series, The Sandy Rides; and Natalie Jeremijenko’s Mussel Choir. The range of EV works provided models for my creative project, Sculpting Corn Production, and a foundation from which I developed a creative methodology. Working to defeat my experience of solastalgia, Sculpting Corn Production is a series of discrete paper sculptures focusing on American industrial corn farming. This EV also functions as a way for me to understand our devastated monoculture landscapes and the politics, economics, and related areas of ecology of our food production.

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Martin, Adam G. "The use of knowledge in comparative economics." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4519.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 120. Thesis director: Peter J. Boettke. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-119). Also issued in print.

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Gråsjö, Urban. "Spatial Spillovers of Knowledge Production : An Accessibility Approach." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-566.

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The main focus of the thesis is on issues concerning production of knowledge. It is a common observation that knowledge activities have a tendency to agglomerate as well as to spill over in space. In order to incorporate geographical proximity, the thesis applies an accessibility approach in which actual travel time distances between locations are used to discount spatial knowledge spillovers. The thesis consists of three individual essays and a joint introduction. The first essay explores to what extent accessibility to R&D conducted at universities and companies can explain the number of patent applications in Swedish municipalities. The second essay analyses the relationship between knowledge accessibility and regional export performance. The knowledge resources used are R&D efforts and university educated labour. Since the distributions of the dependent variables are skewed with a few influential outliers, the estimations are conducted with quantile regressions. The empirical findings indicate that accessibility to university R&D has minor effects on patent production and export performance in Sweden. However, the other used inputs, i.e. accessibility to company R&D and accessibility to university educated labour, are of greater importance. The results also show that knowledge flows transcend municipal borders but that they tend to be bounded within functional regions. The third essay investigates how the inclusion of accessibility variables, i.e. spatially lagged explanatory variables, affects the extent of spatial autocorrelation. The basic proposition is that the inclusion of inputs external to the spatial observation as separate variables reveals spatial dependencies via the parameter estimates. This is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. The Monte Carlo Simulations also indicate that problems with spatial autocorrelation and biased parameter estimates are reduced.

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Tödtling, Franz, Michaela Trippl, and Lukas Lengauer. "Towards regional knowledge economics. Routes and policy options." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/266/1/document.pdf.

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In recent years a move towards knowledge economies has been observed in many advanced countries. Knowledge based sectors and related activities have been expanding rapidly. However, the preconditions for developing such activities differ strongly between types of regions, depending on their location conditions, firm structure and institutional fabric. The regional innovation systems (RIS) approach captures such different settings in a useful way, allowing us to distinguish e.g. between well endowed and networked, fragmented and thin RIS. Using this approach we will study which conditions, potentials and barriers exist in different types of RIS for developing knowledge based industries and activities, and which routes and policy options might be adequate in different regional settings. We investigate these questions at first conceptually, drawing on the literature on RIS, and location and clustering of knowledge based sectors. Empirically we will present evidence on three regions in Austria (Vienna, Upper Austria and Salzburg) representing different types of RIS. Based on the conceptual findings we will compare these regions regarding their RIS characteristics, their preconditions for and strengths of knowledge based sectors focussing in particular on the ICT sector. Furthermore we will analyse routes and policy options for developing knowledge based sectors for such different types of regions. (author´s abstract)
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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Fons-Rosen, Christian. "Essays on knowledge flows, international economics, and entrepreneurship." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2366/.

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This thesis consists of three essays on either knowledge flows, international economics, or entrepreneurship. The first chapter focuses on knowledge flows and foreign direct investment. The second chapter aims to understand the pattern of cross-country equity portfolio allocations. The third chapter focuses on how entrepreneurship practices across countries is affected by bureaucratic circumstances. Chapter I investigates whether FDI is a channel through which knowledge spills over from the foreign multinational to the host country. I analyse whether patents developed by local inventors in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) cite the stock of patents of FDI multinationals more often after these companies have established themselves in CEE. Using a newly hand-collected data sample on privatisation cases resolved during the 1990s, I find that winning bidders experience a 20% greater increase in citations received by the host country compared to the losing bidder. Chapter II presents a model of international portfolio choice based on crosscountry differences in relative factor abundance. The change in factor prices after a positive shock in a particular country provides insurance to countries that have dissimilar factor endowment ratios. The main prediction is that countries with similar relative factor endowments have a stronger incentive to invest in one another for insurance purposes. Empirical evidence supports our theory. Chapter III presents a model of corporate finance that incorporates bureaucratic start-up costs and where sectors differ in their need of external capital. The main theoretical prediction is that a reduction in start-up costs leads to an increase in the share of value added and number of firms in sectors with greater external finance. Intuitively, the sector with high external finance experiences a greater improvement in economies of scale, thereby making it more attractive to consumers. Using sector-country level data on manufacturing production, I find support for the predictions of the model.

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Ackah-Nyamike, Edward Ernest. "Expanding the funding base for public agricultural extension delivery in Ghana : an analysis of farmer willingness to pay for extension services." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288736.

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Johannesson, Emelie. "Video games – A tool for expanding English vocabulary knowledge? : A study of video games potential impact on English vocabulary knowledge in Swedish upper secondary students." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78802.

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This study researches the possibility of video games being a helpful tool when it comes to English vocabulary knowledge, by comparing the English vocabulary knowledge of those that play video games to those that do not play video games. The study also focuses on comparing the English vocabulary knowledge of those that play video games frequently to those that play video games seldomly and discuss why this might make a difference. 37 students were asked to fill in a questionnaire with questions focusing on if they play video games or not, how often they play and what sort of games they played. The second part of the study was a vocabulary test containing 51 words one might encounter whilst playing video games, in this vocabulary test the students were asked to give an English synonym and a Swedish translation of these words. The results of the study revealed that there were differences between the groups, as those that did play video games scored higher on the vocabulary test compared to those that did not play video games. There was also a difference in terms of performance on the vocabulary test depending on how often the students played video games.
Denna studie undersöker videospels möjlighet till att vara ett hjälpmedel när det gäller kunskaper i engelskt ordförråd genom att jämföra ordförrådskunskaperna hos de som spelar videospel med de som inte spelar videospel. Studien fokuserar också på att jämföra de engelska ordförrådskunskaperna hos dem som ofta spelar videospel med de som sällan spelar videospel och diskuterar varför detta kan göra en skillnad. 37 elever ombads att fylla i ett frågeformulär med frågor med fokus på om de spelar videospel eller inte, hur ofta de spelar och vilken typ av spel de spelade. Den andra delen av studien var ett ordförrådstest innehållande 51 ord som kan stötas på i videospel, i detta ordförrådstest ombads eleverna att ge en engelsk synonym och en svensk översättning av dessa ord. Resultaten av studien visade att det fanns skillnader mellan grupperna, eftersom de som spelade videospel fick högre poäng på ordförrådstestet jämfört med de som inte spelade videospel. Det fanns också skillnader prestationsmässigt i ordförrådstestet beroende på hur ofta eleverna spelade videospel.

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Mukwambo, Muzwangowenyu. "Exploring and expanding situated cognition in teaching science concepts: the nexus of indigenous knowledge and Western modern science." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/8382.

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Certain teaching and learning strategies are appropriate in the context of exposing learners to modern science in situated cognition (SC) - the theory that posits that knowing is inseparable from doing - during, for example, visits to industrial operations. The distance and cost of travel, however, excludes most rural teachers and their learners from such SC exposure to Science and technology in industrial settings. To fill this gap between knowledge and practice in the curriculum experience for rural schools, this research investigated the extent to which a SC approach could be used in relation to indigenous knowledge practices (IKP) that have relevance to science teaching for rural science teachers. The study was conducted in three schools in the Zambezi Region of Namibia whereby six science teachers participated in the study. Also, to generate data from the community, the study included Indigenous community members as participants. Only three selected members from the community participated as representatives of the whole community. Essentially, the study explored and expanded possibilities for rural school teachers to use IKP as sites of SC in relation to concepts of pressure in particular and other science concepts. The research thus studied teaching practices as activity systems related to concepts in the school curriculum and the activity system of Indigenous community members. The patterns, regularities and irregularities provided the framing which was used to view SC through the lens of IKP. This framing of SC within the school curriculum was explored using cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) and Engestrom’s expansive learning cycle (ELC). The study was organized into two phases; exploration and the expansive phase. In the exploration phase, interviews, community analysis, document analysis, brainstorming, reflections and audiovisual evidence were used to generate data. The expansive stage used brainstorming, reflections, and interviews, an experimental test, audio-visual evidence, and interviews. Inductive and abductive modes of inference were used to come up with explanations of the research questions. Explanations proceeded using the frameworks of socio-cultural theory and social realism. Some findings from the data generated from the exploration phase revealed that science teachers in the schools studied do not always engage in a SC approach on account of a lack of Western modern science (WMS) resources and factors related to economic marginalization of the learners. Data generated in the same phase revealed that science teachers can engage the SC approach through embracing indigenous knowledge practices (IKP) reflecting Science whereby they can apprentice learners. Some of the other findings from the expansive learning phase show that science teachers in under-resourced schools can engage the SC approach if IK practices are used as mediational tools which can be used as models, icons/symbols, vocabulary, patterns, case studies and practical activities anchored in IKP. From the findings obtained the contribution which the study made was to come up with some methods of infusing indigenous knowledge systems in science teaching. The trend in research related to IK is more aligned to policies rather than how IK can be usefully used for the benefit of science teaching. As the study only looked into the IKP reflecting Science which the participating teachers brainstormed, it provides an insight into how and which other IK practices can be woven into WMS to encourage social transformation accommodative of Afrocentric world views which allows scientific literacy to be achieved.

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Grahn, Charlotte, Sandra Helbro, and Kristin Holmqvist. "Knowledge Management -lärprocesser över gränser." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1287.

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Background: To be better able to meet the new competition, companies are seeking new competitive advantages, wich is forcing them to review and, in time, change both working methods and corporate structures. This has led to an increased interest in the development of strategies within the field of Knowledge Management. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to improve understanding of how learning in a company occurs over internal boundaries and to investigate whether individuals need to be motivated in this regard. We also aim to give recommendations as to how this can be developed. Furthermore, we will work out a model that explains the learning process. Definitions: Our study is based solely on the divisions at the marketing department of the company investigated. We have not included external parties, nor the aspect of Knowledge Management that focuses on IT. Method and results: This study has been carried out with the help of interviews and surveys. The thesis has resulted in a model that illustrates how learning in an organisation occurs over internal boundaries. Since individuals are driven to share their knowledge to varying degrees and for different reasons, we believe that companies ought to model their systems in such a way that motivates and rewards knowledge sharing. Knowledge can then be spread through different working methods, such as projects, meetings, cross-functional working pairs, and mentorship.

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Puhl, Aaron A., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Expanding our knowledge of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like phytases : mechanism, substrate specificity and pathways of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/526.

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A novel bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-like enzyme has recently been isolated that has a PTP-like active site and fold and the ability to dephosphorylate myo-inositol hexakisphosphate. In order to expand our knowledge of this novel class of enzyme, four new representative genes were cloned from 3 different anaerobic bacteria related to clostridia and the recombinant gene products were examined. A combination of site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic, and high-performance ion-pair chromatography studies were used to elucidate the mechanism of hydrolysis, substrate specificity, and pathways of Ins P6 dephosphorylation. The data indicate that these enzymes follow a classical PTP mechanism of hydrolysis and have a general specificity for polyphosphorylated myo-inositol substrates. These enzymes dephosphorylate Ins P6 in a distributive manner, and have the most highly ordered pathways of sequential dephosphorylation of InsP6 characterized to date. Bioinformatic analyses have indicated homologues that are involved in the regulation of cellular function.
x, 138 leaves ; 29 cm.

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Roberts, Shantale D. "EXPANDING OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE NON-FICTIONAL WORLD: AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION AND IDENTIFICATION WITH VICTIMS AND PERPETRATORS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1529075576461922.

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18

Hellsten, Mark. "Artificial intelligence and knowledge intensive labour: Evidence from job postings." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92279.

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19

Brant, Jjacek Wiktor. "Developing subject knowledge and creativity in business and economics teachers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020509/.

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This thesis is rooted in my professional work as a business and economics teacher-educator. It aims to explore what constitutes good teaching in business and economics education. Two research themes run through the thesis: the importance of creativity in teaching-and-learning and the importance of teachers' subject knowledge. My central argument is that strong subject knowledge combined with a creative approach is the key requisite to good business and economics teaching. There are three substantive theory chapters. Chapter 3 critically examines the notion of creativity and its relevance to secondary school teaching. While there is a creative arts agenda, I argue that creativity is under-conceptualised in the business education classroom. Chapter 4 examines the importance of subject knowledge and its relationship to pedagogical knowledge. Issues of teachers' tacit knowledge and teachers' expertise in transforming content knowledge into a form that is accessible to pupils are explored. Chapter 5 takes a critical look at the business and economics curriculum and offers an explanation of why the current curriculum provision is as it is; historical perspectives and political pressures are examined as part of the explanation. The thesis includes two substantial research chapters. Chapter 6 examines the teaching of Taxation and reports on a funded research project undertaken on behalf of the Inland Revenue, HM Customs & Excise and HM Treasury. The research methods included an extensive quantitative survey which yielded 200 responses and qualitative approaches which included seven focus group sessions. A tension between easy-to-use resources and the need to develop students' critical thinking is uncovered. Chapter 7 looks at the use of business and economics fieldwork in Krakow, Poland as part of a PGCE course in business and economics education. There is an examination of how beginning teachers' subject knowledge may be developed and how creative approaches can be encouraged.

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Lindahl, Fredrik, and Sven Nordkvist. "Talent Attraction in Knowledge Intensive Organizations." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2140.

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Background: The forthcoming shortage of labor, due amongst other things to demographical issues and the increasing mobility of people on the labor market, will affect the possibilities to attract and retain employees with valuable key competencies. To win the talent war employer branding has arisen to become a strategy to overcome this threat.

Purpose: To investigate and analyze the outside perspective of employer branding – the employer image – of a knowledge intensive organization through a study of AstraZeneca. Course of action: An approach based on critical theory has been used to generate results, including both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results: The workforce is at risk of becoming a scarce resource and the situation seems to be most alarming in areas related to natural sciences, and the pharmaceutical industry in particular. The employer image of AstraZeneca has been found to be very positive, showing high ratings of brand recognition and employer of choice, but the underlying reasons for these results have not been proven. Attraction between employer and employee could occur if the individual is able to see how to reach self-fulfillment through contributing to the company purpose.

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Freiin, von Dörnberg Alix Donata. "Knowledge Management towards Innovation : How can organizations utilize knowledge management to foster innovation?" Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254199.

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Being innovative allows organizations to be part of the rapid competitive and environmental shifts and requires the development of knowledge as it builds the pathway of innovation. Since most companies find it troublesome to effectively utilize their existing knowledge towards innovations and literature lacks to offer solutions, this study aims to determine factors that contribute to an enhancement of the spiral of knowledge as well as to develop a concept that provides counselling for business and academia on how to overcome this issue. Therefore, this study contributes with new insights to the field of research in knowledge management and innovation management as well as to organizations with a concept on how to operationalize knowledge management towards innovation. Based on literature review on innovation management, knowledge management and organizational agility, a hypothesis was established that claimed that agile feedback loops at the spiral of knowledge would facilitate the utilization of knowledge management towards innovation. Expert interviews allowed the identification of factors that are relevant for tapping the potential of knowledge towards innovation. The analysis of their responses disclosed a common request to include feedback during the knowledge transformation but also revealed that design thinking and an innovative organizational culture are further relevant factors. Thus, the study postulates a concept that refines the spiral of knowledge to the ‘spiral of knowledge and innovation’, which extents the ‘spiral of knowledge’ with agile feedback loops, design thinking as well as an innovative organizational culture.

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Schreiber, Raphael, and Moisin Monica Bota. "Rebranding “Made in India” through Cultural Sustainability : Exploring and Expanding Indian Perspectives." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25395.

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This exploratory study is a first attempt to translate the Indian cultural context from a socio-cultural, and legal perspective by identifying the values attributed to Indian textile craftsmanship by Indian textile and fashion stakeholders, and how their perspective is influenced by the global recognition and perception of Indian textile crafts and connotation of “Made in India”. At the same time the study investigates the meaning of “sustainability” in the Indian cultural context, in relation to textile craftsmanship, and how this relates to the Western concept of “sustainability”. Through field research in conjunction with a series of in-depth unstructured interviews, this study reveals that Cultural Sustainability is the dominating narrative in the Indian cultural context due to the prevalence of culturally embedded sustainability practices and the role of textile craftsmanship in sustaining livelihood, being a unique exercise of positioning Indian textile craftsmanship within a framework of cultural heritage as a valuable source of knowledge for sustainable practices in the fashion and textile industry. Unique about this study are the India-centric approach combined with the ethnicity of the subjects interviewed - who are, without exception, Indian nationals, whose work, voice and reputation are shaping India's contemporary textile craft -sustainability narrative (being referred to as the “Indian textiles and fashion elite”) and the framing of traditional craftsmanship from a legal perspective, introducing the notion of legal protection of traditional textile knowledge and traditional cultural expressions.

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Lee, You Na. "Expanding understanding of the innovation process: R&D and non-R&D innovation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53903.

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Innovation is widely recognized as a key to economic growth. Most research on the innovation process has focused on the results of R&D projects. The positive relation between R&D intensity as an input and innovative performance as an output has become the canonical image for research on innovation. While R&D is an important input to innovation, there is growing evidence that a significant share of innovation is not born from R&D. Much of this non-R&D innovation consists of incremental improvements to existing products, or process innovations, although non-R&D innovation is not limited to these kinds of improvements. Non-R&D innovations can also come from problem solving activities or pursuit of new product ideas outside of a formal R&D project. Such activities would be missed in innovation accounts based on regular, formal R&D. Given the importance of innovation for the sociology and economics of science, and the central role of innovation in policy debates, this study expands the study of innovation to include non-R&D innovations and analyzes the drivers and outcomes of non-R&D compared to R&D-based innovations, with the goal of improving science and innovation policy by: examining the concept of innovation from different theoretical perspectives (Chapter 2), creating new measures and improving understanding of existing measures (Chapter 3), developing new models of the innovation process based on knowledge and learning that expand beyond the existing emphasis on R&D inputs (Chapter 4), and different participation of R&D and non-R&D innovations in markets for technology (Chapter 5). The main results show that the relative effectiveness of learning by R&D and non-R&D for innovation is contingent on nature of knowledge, characterized by generality (i.e., high mobility/transferability) and visibility (i.e., tighter links between actions and outcomes), and that non-R&D inventions are less likely to engage in the licensing market, but are more likely to have exclusivity clauses than R&D inventions. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for management of innovation and innovation policy.

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Hermansson, Frida, and Ulrika Kilnes. "Knowledge transfer from expatriates : A study of MNCs’ exploitation of expatriates’ knowledge." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9431.

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This paper investigates how expatriates experience that their knowledge gained from international assignments is transferred and exploited by the MNC. The results from 93 expatriates from eleven Large Cap companies suggest that knowledge is not exploited trough formal mechanisms. Instead informal mechanisms of knowledge transfer such as networks and own initiatives seem to be a more common way of transferring and exploiting knowledge in the investigated MNCs. The findings indicate that the knowledge that the expatriates that failed their mission abroad gained is not exploited to the same extent as the expatriates that successfully completed their assignments.

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Heyns, Justin. "Simple exports also matter : knowledge creation and growth in natural resource abundant countries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12641.

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Includes bibliographical references.
There is a great deal of pessimism towards natural resource oriented development in modern developmental literature but little is made of the countries which thrive in the face of resource abundance. This paper models the nature of innovation in resource abundant countries and sets about testing for the existence of a special club of successful resource abundant countries. The model shows that policy which is biased against the resource sector will lead to a suboptimal static welfare outcome and that the sustainability of resource sector output will decline in the presence of such policy. The empirical analysis of existing literature alludes to a possible misspecification of resource curse models and indicates that the possibility of a special club of resource abundant countries is possible. However, testing is constrained by lack of adequate data.

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YANG, Jingsi. "The roles of knowledge assets in promoting firm productivity and innovation in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2016. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/econ_etd/29.

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This paper investigates how intangible knowledge assets impact upon the firm’s products and the output of new products through a large panel data set covering all manufacturing firms from the period of 1998-2007. We hypothesize that more knowledge assets have a positive impact on total factor productivity and the ratio of new products to total products, but only up to a point, due to the importance of complementary assets. The inverse quadratic relationship found in the relationship between the ratio of knowledge assets to total assets and TFP suggests that it is necessary to balance knowledge assets with complementary assets in order to achieve a higher degree of productivity. However, the positive effects of intangible asset ratio on the proportion of the output of new products in that of total products suggest that new products always increase with knowledge assets, because products are the prerequisite for one firm to benefit from its knowledge assets. The results are robust in all firms with different ownership types, including foreign, state-owned and private groups or all those with different motivations (international-market oriented vs. domestic-market oriented). These results are still robust after considering the effects of R&D expenditure whose effects on firms are discussed more in the literature, however, as an important channel for knowledge assets accumulation, R&D cannot be completely equal to the generated knowledge assets one firm has.

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27

Gerges, David, and Magnus Sonander. "Retaining Talent in Knowledge Intensive Organizations." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2134.

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Background: Recruitment and development of employees is a large burden for companies in most industries. Because of this, there is a clear organizational imperative to attract and retain knowledge workers since these constitute an important resource, especially for knowledge intensive organizations. A decisive factor for success is thus to retain and develop this vital resource in order to upgrade and sustain competitive advantage.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what internal determinants and structures might be needed for knowledge intensive organizations to ensure their long-term provision of key human resources.

Practical Approach: In total ten interviews, with interviewees at different levels in the organization, have been conducted. Furthermore, other forms of secondary empirical material of both qualitative and quantitative character have been used.

Results: It is important for an organization to attempt to create a consistent and durable identity in order to influence the image held by its different stakeholders. We have found that researchers seem to value working in interesting projects. This argument coincides with the conviction that researchers are actually more committed to interesting research than to the employing organization.

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Maass, Nora, and Lovisa Stenberg. "Kunskap är makt -eller- Tacit Knowledge Management." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1539.

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Today we are living in a knowledge-society where knowledge sharing is of utmost importance for companies in order to keep their competitiveness. Therefore, it is a much debated issue - in both the academic and the corporate world - in what way one should handle the knowledge which continuously is created within companies. The aim of this study is to describe how practitioners share tacit knowledge within a large knowledge company. By that we aim to get an answer to how the chosen theoretical models regarding tacit knowledge relate to the empirical world. In this study we will focus on tacit knowledge in contrast to explicit one. Further we will not study knowledge sharing between organisations but concentrate on this process within them. We chose to approach the purpose of this study in a qualitative way by conducting interviews within a large knowledge-firm. The company was Systems Integration within the Ericsson-group where we held interviews with four persons familiar with knowledge. Furthermore, we have perceived that theories concerning the knowledge-sharing process are relatively fragmented. Therefore, we have built a model which links the different theories together in order to give a better overview of the whole process. Having conducted the study, we found that the case company to some extent handlesknowledge in line with the theories chosen. Furthermore, we came to the conclusion that some modifications in the model are necessary in order to achieve a successful knowledge-sharing process.

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Ellersick, Linda J. "Expanding Fair Trade to Garment Production in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1236817596.

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30

Grafström, Jonas. "Technological Change in the Renewable Energy Sector : Essays on Knowledge Spillovers and Convergence." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62695.

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The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate the determinants of technological change in the renewable energy sector, with a special emphasis on the role of knowledge spillovers and convergence across countries. The thesis consists of a preface and five self-contained papers. In Paper I technological change is broken down into the three major development stages laid out by Joseph Schumpeter: invention, innovation and diffusion. Econometric models of each of these stages are specified in the empirical context of wind power. The models are estimated employing a panel dataset consisting of eight western European countries over the time period 1991-2008. The results display evidence of national and international knowledge spillovers in the invention (i.e., patenting) model. The results from the technology learning models indicate evidence of global learning-by-doing, and that the prices of input factors have been important determinants of wind power costs. In line with previous research, the diffusion model results show that investment costs have influenced the development of installed wind power capacity. Paper II investigates how wind power inventions in European countries have affected the technological development achievements in neighboring countries. Data on the number of patents granted at the European Patent Office (EPO) during the period 1978-2008 in the eight technologically leading wind power countries in Europe are employed in a patent production function framework. The presence of international knowledge spillovers is found to constitute a statistically significant determinant of a country’s patent production. Geographical distance is also taken into consideration, and the results suggest that knowledge spillovers are subject to spatial transaction costs: with longer distances the role of international spillovers becomes weaker. Paper III investigates the convergence of inventive capabilities in the EU. Data on total patents per capita in 13 EU countries over the period 1990-2011 are analyzed using both parametric and non-parametric techniques. Converging inventive abilities may be important for the future of the EU given that rapid technological change has resulted in major structural changes in the Member States’ economies during the last decades. The β-convergence and σ-convergence tests suggest convergence in inventive capabilities, and this finding gains some support when analyzing the intra-distributional dynamics of the invention capabilities. Paper IV specifically investigates whether the generation of renewable energy patents per capita has converged or diverged across 13 EU countries over the period 1990-2012. The results indicate the presence of conditional β- and σ-divergence in renewable energy invention abilities. This could be critical for assessing the future prospects of EU policy in the renewable energy field; divergence in terms of invention outcomes could imply a less rapid and yet more expensive goal fulfillment due to free-rider behavior and sub-optimal investment levels. Finally, Paper V tests for convergence/divergence based on countries’ public spending to renewable energy R&D. The empirical analysis focuses on the presence of conditional β-convergence across 13 EU countries over the period 1990-2012. The results suggest divergence in public R&D-based knowledge accumulation, and this is consistent with free-riding behavior on the part of some EU Member States. Energy import dependence and electricity deregulation also affect this divergence pattern. For instance, the higher the energy import dependence, the lower is the speed of divergence across the EU countries in terms of public R&D support. Overall, the diverging pathways in terms of both public R&D and private patenting efforts may raise concerns about an unfair burden-sharing in terms of renewable energy development efforts.

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De, Castro Arribas Ignacio. "Economics of Internet interdomain interconnections." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/306599.

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Aquesta tesi estudia els aspectes econòmics de la interconnexió entre Ases, identifica desafiaments que amenacen el futur d'Internet i proposa solucions per resoldre'ls. Primerament vam realitzar el primer estudi analític i empíric sobre el peering remot, un tipus emergent d'interconnexió que relaxa les limitacions geogràfiques dels Ases i facilita interconnexions a un menor cost. Després vam presentar CIPT i T4P, dos nous tipus d'interconnexions que redueixen els costos d'interconnexió entre xarxes. Ja que algunes de les limitacions són inherents a la present arquitectura d'Internet, vam finalitzar la tesi proposant Route Bazaar, una nova arquitectura d'Internet que, inspirada en el mecanisme de block chain i les eines criptogràfiques típiques de les criptomonedas, proveeix un marc contractual per realitzar tipus d'interconnexions molt flexibles.
Internet es un ecosistema en continua evolución. Formado por una multitud de redes o Sistemas Autónomos (Ases), los acuerdos de interconexión son una pieza esencial de Internet, que permite que los usuarios finales disfruten de conectividad global. La vertiginosa adopción de Internet, el desmesurado crecimiento de su trafico y las crecientes demandas por una mayor calidad de servicio son un desafío que produce constantes conflictos sobre los acuerdos económicos entre las redes y cuestiona la capacidad de Internet para proveer servicios críticos. Esta tesis estudia los aspectos económicos de la interconexión entre Ases, identifica desafíos que amenazan el futuro de Internet y propone soluciones para resolverlos. Primeramente realizamos el primer estudio analítico y empírico sobre el peering remoto, un tipo emergente de interconexión que relaja las limitaciones geográficas de los Ases y facilita interconexiones a un menor coste. Después presentamos CIPT y T4P, dos nuevos tipos de interconexiones que reducen los costes de interconexión entre redes. Puesto que algunas de las limitaciones son inherentes a la presente arquitectura de Internet, finalizamos la tesis proponiendo Route Bazaar, una nueva arquitectura de Internet que, inspirada en el mecanismo de block chain y las herramientas criptográficas típicas de las criptomonedas, provee un marco contractual para realizar tipos de interconexiones muy flexibles.
The Internet is an evolving ecosystem where a multitude of interconnected networks, or Ases (Autonomous Systems), support global connectivity of end users. By providing economic incentives for routing traffic on behalf of other networks, interconnection agreements between ASes are a cornerstone of the Internet. However, rapid Internet adoption, unrelenting traffic growth, and increasing demands for quality and performance are challenging to cope with, provoke recurrent conflicts over the economic settlement of interconnections, and question the capacity of the Internet to provide critical services. This thesis studies the economic aspects of the interconnections between ASes, identifies challenges hampering the future of the Internet, and proposes solutions to resolve them. We begin by presenting the first analytical and empirical study on remote peering, an emerging type of interconnections that relaxes the geographical constraints of ASes and also facilitates interconnections at a lower cost. Then we introduce CIPT and T4P, two novel interconnection arrangements that reduce traffic delivery costs for the ASes. Because some of the limitations are inherent to the current Internet architecture we end this thesis presenting Route Bazaar, a new Internet architecture that, inspired by the use of the block chain mechanism and cryptographic tools in cryptocurrencies, provides a contractual framework for flexible interconnections with rich policies.

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Das, Anup Kumar, and Das Anasua Mukherjee. "Role of Lifelong Learning in Emerging Knowledge Economy in India." Guwahai: Assam College Librariansâ Association, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106002.

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India is considered as an emerging knowledge economy; however, Indian citizens are not fully prepared to take up the challenges and opportunities of globalization. Lifelong learning helps in smooth transition in a rapidly changing workplace environment. This paper describes the lifelong learning process in the context of Indian society. This paper also elaborates how Indian public policies, particularly which are recommended by the National Knowledge Commission, supplement efficacies of knowledge economies by preparing young citizens in the country.

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Geuna, Aldo. "Resource allocation and knowledge production studies in the economics of university research /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8393.

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Bahar, Dany. "Essays on the Transmission and Diffusion of Productive Knowledge in International Economics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11337.

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Numerous empirical studies have shown the difficulties associated with the transmission of knowledge and the limitations of its diffusion process. What are the implications of these difficulties and limitations to international economics? This dissertation deals with this question by looking at how productive knowledge plays a role in the evolution of the comparative advantage of nations and the international expansion of multinational corporations. The first chapter finds that a country is 65% more likely to start exporting a good that is being exported by any of its geographic neighbors, consistently with evidence on the limited geographic patterns of knowledge diffusion. The second chapter finds that migrants, serving as carriers of productive knowledge, play a role in explaining the appearances of new export industries in both their sending and receiving countries. In particular, in terms of their ability to induce exports in the average country, an increase of only 65,000 people in the stock of migrants is associated with about 15% increase in the likelihood of adding a new product to a country's export basket. The figure becomes 15,000 for skilled migrants. The third chapter looks at how the barriers to knowledge transmission within the firm limit the horizontal expansion of multinational corporations. The findings suggest that multinational corporations are, on average, about 12% less likely to horizontally expand a sector that is one standard deviation above the mean in the knowledge intensity scale.

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Stiller, Johannes [Verfasser], and Gabriel [Akademischer Betreuer] Lee. "On The Spatial Economics of Knowledge Accumulation / Johannes Stiller ; Betreuer: Gabriel Lee." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165869047/34.

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Stiller, Johannes [Verfasser], and Gabriel S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lee. "On The Spatial Economics of Knowledge Accumulation / Johannes Stiller ; Betreuer: Gabriel Lee." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165869047/34.

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Ortman, Agnes. "Increased knowledge and parents fertility decisions. The effect of the CUB-test on abortions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388813.

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New and more advanced prenatal tests have steadily been introduced in the Swedish maternity care system in the last 30 years. The combined test, CUB, was introduced step wise in Swedish maternal care from 2008 and onward. The CUB test detects children with chromosomal abnormalities prenatally and is offered at no charge for women in treated counties. This thesis investigate the reform using a difference-in-difference approach to determine the effect of the CUB test on the number of late abortions performed. My theoretical framework suggest that the introduction of CUB should increase the number of abortions of children with chromosomal aberrations. As supported by theory I find a positive effect of CUB on late abortions for my main group of interest, women 35-39 years old. These women were the ones most effected by CUB. The positive effect of 0.47 percentage units is statistically significant at the 10% level. It corresponds to a 3.6-7.1% decrease in the number of babies born with chromosomal aberrations.

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Bagley, Mark. "The birth, life and death of firms in industrial clusters : The role of knowledge networks." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38241.

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Three single-authored papers in this thesis will explore the role of knowledge and information in industrial clusters; and specifically, how knowledge plays a role inthe emergence and persistence of clusters. This thesis places a major emphasis on spinoff firms. The first paper uses a computational model to describe how patterns of industrial clustering arise with respect to the size of an initial firm when measured in terms of innovation. Technology is qualitatively described using a code set mapped on a cognitive space. Assuming inheritability of networking skills, I seek to model how the size of an initial firm influences future patterns of cluster formation through a model of technical cognition and a mimicking of creativity. Replicating the stylized facts of entrepreneurial cluster formation, we find initial firm size has a lasting impact on clustering patterns through its influence on the level of cognitive distance of the underlying agents. The second paper turns to networks as a tool of analysis to explore the relationship between a spinoff’s network and its geographical location within an industrial cluster. Although recent literature infers that the transmission of organizational attributes in industrial clusters is accomplished via passive network ties, this has not been directly measured. After controlling for firm size, parent size and age, we find that there a statistically significant and negative relationship between network efficiency and geographic distance to a cluster’s core. The third and final paper extends the use of networks to examine how knowledge flows, as conduits for routines and skills, affect the survival prospects for firms in industrial clusters. We consider knowledge transmission via two channels: those from inherited linkages and those from geographic proximity. It is found that a firm’s historical links formed through parent-spinoff networks have a significant impact on survival, which differ depending on the motivations of the entrepreneur. Moreover, the gains with respect to location are found to be nonlinear.

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Kendle, Christine Burky. "Evaluation of adolescent attitudes and knowledge toward nutrition, physical activity, self esteem, and body image." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407158006.

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Schaff, Frederik [Verfasser]. "Pure agent-based computational economics of time, knowledge and procedural rationality with an application to environmental economics / Frederik Schaff." Hagen : Fernuniversität Hagen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114292087/34.

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Johansson, Sara. "Knowledge, Product Differentiation and Trade." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14541.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the influence of knowledge on the export performance of firms in different regions. More specifically, this study focuses on the impact of knowledge on the structure of regional export flows, in terms of horizontal and vertical product differentiation, as well as the geographical distribution of export flows. The thesis consists of four separate papers, which contribute to the overall analysis of knowledge, product differentiation and international trade in different ways. The second chapter presents a study of the effects of regional accessibility to R&D on the diversity of export flows with regard to goods, firms and destination markets. Chapter 3 provides an empirical analysis of vertical product differentiation, i.e. differentiation in terms of product quality, and examines the impact of educated labor and R&D on regional comparative advantages in goods of relatively high product quality. Chapter 4 contains a study of how the regional endowment of highly educated workers affects the structure of export flows, i.e. how the endowment of educated workers impacts on the number of product varieties exported, the average price per variety and the average quantity shipped out. The final chapter presents a micro-level analysis of firms’ propensity to participate in international markets and their propensity to expand export activities by introducing new export products or establishing export links with new destination countries. In summary, the empirical results of this thesis convey the message that regional accessibility to knowledge, embodied in highly educated labor and/or developed through R&D activities, plays a fundamental role in shaping the content and structure of regional export flows. More specifically, the present empirical observations suggest that the regional endowment of knowledge stimulates the size of the export base in terms of exporting firms and number of product varieties. The recurring significance of the accessibility variables in explaining spatial export patterns show that the knowledge endowment of a region must be defined in such ways that it captures sources of potential knowledge spillovers from inside as well as outside its own regional boundaries. This outcome shows that regional variations in knowledge endowments originate both in the actual spatial distribution of a nation’s knowledge labor across regions, and in regional differences in the geographical accessibility to internal and external knowledge labor.

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Lövsund, Jenny C., and Thomas H. Spiegelberg. "Communicating Knowledge in Globally Dispersed Teams : A Study of Autoliv." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1205.

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Background: As companies are operating more and more globally, the need for increasingly coordinating and cooperating activities are becoming important. One solution to problems associated with work in globally dispersed teams can be to organize business activites, such as product development, virtually. A virtual setting for knowledge transfer is becoming a part of day-to-day activities for globally dispersed organizations such as Autoliv, the company in focus for this study.

Purpose: To explore to what extent and in what respect companies can, using virtual teams in the product development process, by codifying knowledge, improve communication and transfer of knowledge between business units within and between projects in order to improve and increase cooperation and coordination.

Method: The approach taken, has been an hermeneutic case study where we have carried out 16 in-depth interviews with a total of 17 respondents. The interviews have been carried out in face-to-face or videoconference settings with Autoliv employees from all over the world.

Results: Codification should be used as a complementary tool to the personalization strategy within knowledge intensive companies. The fact that Autoliv’s product development teams often are globally dispersed creates an even larger need for codification in order to reach efficiency in the knowledge sharing process. Positive effects from this can occur, such as help creating a common understanding, which will facilitate coordination and cooperation activities.

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Smith, Galen P. "The integration of Scripture, economics and life in the classroom at Cedarville College." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Tang, Tommy Yin. "A study of learning in economics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16691/1/Tommy_Tang_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis reports on a research program to study learning in economics utilising non-traditional research methodology. The study aimed to achieve four inter-related objectives. Research in other disciplines (Meyer and Cleary, 1998; Meyer and Eley, 1999; Eley and Meyer, 2004) show that there are important factors influencing learning that are unique to the discourse of a discipline. The first objective of this study was to construct an instrument that captured students' cognitive ability that was specific to learning in economics. The psychometric properties and validity of this construct (called economic thinking ability), and the influence of students' pre-course economic thinking on their learning approaches and academic performance were investigated. Traditional economics education research typically utilises a single end-of-semester score as a measure of learning output. This research program utilised multiple measures of academic performance. By investigating the determinants of academic performance in three assessment types commonly used in introductory economics, namely essay assignment, multiple choice question (MCQ) exam and exam essay, it examined the limitations of the traditional single-score approach. Most traditional input-output learning models in economics education bypass the learning 'black box' (Shanahan et al., 1997), which is the learning approach the student utilises. The third objective of the research program was to construct a learning approach instrument that was sensitive to different assessment contexts so as to investigate the mechanism by which the learning inputs influenced academic performance in economics. This research program also measured students' general learning approaches for assessments utilised before the commencement of their economics unit, and investigated the stability and changes of learning approaches. Based on empirical research evidence and survey findings, it has been observed that many economics students do not possess the ability to apply economic concepts in real world situations. The fourth objective of this research program was to explore the issue of knowledge transfer in economics education. To investigate this issue, students' economic thinking ability was examined at the end of the course using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The key findings obtained from this research program are: The discipline-specific construct of economic thinking ability possesses sound psychometric properties and predictive validity. Students' pre-course economic thinking ability was found to measure cognitive ability different from pre-course academic aptitude and have important effects on learning approaches. The determinants of academic performance were shown to be assessment specific. This observation provides an explanation of the inconsistency of findings by the traditional input-output approach that utilises a single measure of learning output in economics education. By examining the mediating role of learning approaches in the learning process, it was found that there were important differences in the mechanism by which different personal learning inputs impacted on academic performance in different assessment contexts. Lastly academic performance and post-course economic thinking ability were found to measure different dimensions of learning outcome. The thesis concluded that economics education as investigated in this research program focused mainly on acquisition and reproduction of knowledge and technical skills in routine academic situations rather than making connections of economic concepts to real world experiences. Implications for teaching and further research in economics education were also discussed in this thesis.

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45

Tang, Tommy Yin. "A study of learning in economics." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16691/.

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This thesis reports on a research program to study learning in economics utilising non-traditional research methodology. The study aimed to achieve four inter-related objectives. Research in other disciplines (Meyer and Cleary, 1998; Meyer and Eley, 1999; Eley and Meyer, 2004) show that there are important factors influencing learning that are unique to the discourse of a discipline. The first objective of this study was to construct an instrument that captured students' cognitive ability that was specific to learning in economics. The psychometric properties and validity of this construct (called economic thinking ability), and the influence of students' pre-course economic thinking on their learning approaches and academic performance were investigated. Traditional economics education research typically utilises a single end-of-semester score as a measure of learning output. This research program utilised multiple measures of academic performance. By investigating the determinants of academic performance in three assessment types commonly used in introductory economics, namely essay assignment, multiple choice question (MCQ) exam and exam essay, it examined the limitations of the traditional single-score approach. Most traditional input-output learning models in economics education bypass the learning 'black box' (Shanahan et al., 1997), which is the learning approach the student utilises. The third objective of the research program was to construct a learning approach instrument that was sensitive to different assessment contexts so as to investigate the mechanism by which the learning inputs influenced academic performance in economics. This research program also measured students' general learning approaches for assessments utilised before the commencement of their economics unit, and investigated the stability and changes of learning approaches. Based on empirical research evidence and survey findings, it has been observed that many economics students do not possess the ability to apply economic concepts in real world situations. The fourth objective of this research program was to explore the issue of knowledge transfer in economics education. To investigate this issue, students' economic thinking ability was examined at the end of the course using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The key findings obtained from this research program are: The discipline-specific construct of economic thinking ability possesses sound psychometric properties and predictive validity. Students' pre-course economic thinking ability was found to measure cognitive ability different from pre-course academic aptitude and have important effects on learning approaches. The determinants of academic performance were shown to be assessment specific. This observation provides an explanation of the inconsistency of findings by the traditional input-output approach that utilises a single measure of learning output in economics education. By examining the mediating role of learning approaches in the learning process, it was found that there were important differences in the mechanism by which different personal learning inputs impacted on academic performance in different assessment contexts. Lastly academic performance and post-course economic thinking ability were found to measure different dimensions of learning outcome. The thesis concluded that economics education as investigated in this research program focused mainly on acquisition and reproduction of knowledge and technical skills in routine academic situations rather than making connections of economic concepts to real world experiences. Implications for teaching and further research in economics education were also discussed in this thesis.

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Posner, Stephen Mark. "The impact of ecosystem services knowledge on decisions." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/413.

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The need to protect diverse biological resources from ongoing development pressures is one of today's most pressing environmental challenges. In response, "ecosystem services" has emerged as a conservation framework that links human economies and natural systems through the benefits that people receive from nature. In this dissertation, I investigate the science-policy interface of ecosystem services in order to understand the use of ecosystem service decision support tools and evaluate the pathways through which ecosystem services knowledge impacts decisions. In the first paper, I track an ecosystem service valuation project in California to evaluate how the project changes the social capacity to make conservation-oriented decisions and how decision-makers intend to use ecosystem services knowledge. In a second project, I analyze a global sample of cases and identify factors that can explain the impact of ecosystem services knowledge on decisions. I find that the perceived legitimacy of knowledge (whether it is unbiased and representative of many diverse viewpoints) is an important determinant of whether the knowledge impacts policy processes and decisions. For the third project, I focus on the global use of spatial ecosystem service models. I analyze country-level factors that are associated with use and the effect of practitioner trainings on the uptake of these decision support tools. Taken together, this research critically evaluates how ecosystem service interventions perform. The results can inform the design of boundary organizations that effectively link conservation science with policy action, and guide strategic efforts to protect, restore, and enhance ecosystem services.

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Lit, Suk-yee. "Using Knowledge Forum® to enhance students' learning and self-efficacy." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848838.

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Murgham, Haithem Abualasaad. "Enhancing and Expanding Conventional Simulation Models of Refrigeration Systems for Improved Correlations." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1544524232130074.

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Kieninger, Katherine. "Examining Social Studies Teacher Candidates' Economic Pedagogical Content Knowledge." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1627310475354062.

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Jansson, Lovisa, and Filippa Peyron. "Challenging the Knowledge Sharing Norms in Technical Knowledge-Intensive Firms." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278193.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Expanding knowledge in economics'

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