Academic literature on the topic 'Exoticism in fashion – japan – tokyo'
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Journal articles on the topic "Exoticism in fashion – japan – tokyo"
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Wang, Zhen. "A STUDY ON FOREIGN TOURISTS’ PURCHASING BEHAVIOR." JBFEM 3, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32770/jbfem.vol345-54.
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The purpose of this paper is to understand the current situation of foreign tourists’ purchasing behavior in Japan and shows the further directions of the fashion industry in Japan. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire survey is conducted in a department store in Tokyo. Cross tabulations are used as the analysis methodology to investigate the relationship between countries and regions, traveling companions, number of visits and purchase expenditure, duty-free items purchased. As a result, the current situation and overall tendency of the purchasing behavior of foreigners visiting Japan are illustrated. In addition, this paper proves the hypothesis that Chinese tourists to Japan are more willing to buy fashion items.
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Sheppard, W. Anthony. "Continuity in Composing the American Cross-Cultural: Eichheim, Cowell, and Japan." Journal of the American Musicological Society 61, no. 3 (2008): 465–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2008.61.3.465.
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Abstract Japanese music has repeatedly served as an exotic model for those American composers seeking “ultra-modern” status. Henry Eichheim's and Henry Cowell's engagements with Japan offer rich case studies for reconsidering our common critical approaches to cross-cultural works, prompting us to question the temporal, geographic, generic, and high/low boundaries typically employed in modernist taxonomy. I find that attempts to employ categorically such terms as “appropriation” and “influence” and “modernist” and “post-modernist” in evaluating cross-cultural compositions limits our experience of such works and that specific examples tend to demonstrate the full contradictory and multifaceted nature of musical exoticism. I turn first to the impact of literary japonisme and travel on Eichheim and consider his aesthetic and didactic motivations. The writings of Lafcadio Hearn provided Eichheim with ready-made impressions of Japan and directly shaped his compositional responses. I note the influence of gagaku and shōō pitch clusters and briefly compare Eichheim's work with that of Hidemaro Konoye (Konoe). I then chronicle Cowell's lifelong encounters with Japanese music, focusing on his study of the shakuhachi with Kitaro Tamada, his experiences at the 1961 Tokyo East-West Music Encounter Conference, and his collaboration with the koto performer Kimio Eto, which reveal the limits of Cowell's embrace of musical hybridity. I argue that Cowell's mature Japanese-inspired works should be considered within the context of American Cold War cultural diplomacy and contemporaneous works of popular, jazz, and film music.
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Carriger, Michelle Liu. "“Maiden's Armor”: Global Gothic Lolita Fashion Communities and Technologies of Girly Counteridentity." Theatre Survey 60, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 122–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557418000522.
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It starts with a dress, or dresses. Among a menagerie of rainbow variations, certain features are standard: lace and ruffle-decked blouses under jumpers, aprons, or high-waisted belled and crinolined knee-length skirts; more skin covered than bare; headwear including bonnets, miniature hats, or massive bows over ringlets and long tresses. So many ruffles; so much lace (Fig. 1). Beginning in the late 1990s,gothic lolitas—overwhelmingly young women in their teens and twenties, and overwhelmingly girly in their outsized bows, platform Mary Jane shoes, and petticoated skirts—stood out as defiantly, bizarrely out of place and time on the Tokyo street scene, all bright white and concrete in Harajuku, a built-up postwar neighborhood of Tokyo known as a youth haven since the 1960s. More than twenty years later, although most Harajuku fashions have died out in keeping with a fad's typically short life cycle, the gothic lolitas have persisted and even multiplied, thanks in large part to the Internet, which has helped muster an army of misfit girl aristocrats not just in Japan but around the globe.
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Lyubimova, Natalya S. "Образ Японии в России – старые элементы в новом оформлении." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) 51, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2020-51-3/153-167.
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This article compares the image of Japan in Russia in two periods of time: at the end of XIX – beginning of the XX c. and in modern days. It reviews the images existing in the European part of Russia. Chronological periods were chosen for comparison based on some shared traits: both economical and political relations between the two countries are relatively weak, so the mass-media potential for propaganda is only used at times when a certain political problem becomes relevant (Russan-Japanese war/ the peace treaty problem and the Kuril Islands dispute), while there also is a fashion for Japanese or pseudo-Japanese products (japonisme in art, incl. decorative arts and literature/ Japanese cuisine, cartoons etc.). The image of Japan at the beginning of the XX c. is described based on literature with the use of journalistic and scientific publications. In addition, the author used pulp fiction as a source, which has not been previously done in research by Russian scholars. Analysis of the modern image of Japan is based on the results of a questionnaire survey, conducted via Internet in June 2019, and supplemented by the non-formalized content analysis of the on-line mass media. Image of Japan as special case of an image of the Other has one permanent trait – it is exotic. This exoticism comes from the notion of Japanese traditionalism as well as from perceiving Japan as a futuristic land. Both of these aspects can have negative or positive connotations. The historical part of this research shows how these connotations shift depending on the historical context and views of a particular author. The 2019 survey demonstrated the predominance of positive characterizations in the modern image of Japan and also that mass-media have little effect on this image.
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Fogel, Joshua A. "“Shanghai-Japan”: The Japanese Residents' Association of Shanghai." Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 4 (November 2000): 927–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659217.
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At noon on december 3, 1937, a Japanese military parade—perhaps in ironic imitation of other processions by foreigners in Shanghai—began marching down Nanjing Road through the foreign concessions in Shanghai and along the Bund. In the lead was a military police (kenpeitai) car escorted by mounted troops bearing sabers at the hilt. They were followed by a large infantry detachment, machine-gunners, and finally by artillerymen. Japanese aircraft flew by overhead, and Japanese civilians lined the route along the way and shouted out choruses of banzai. When they arrived at Jessfield Park, they were met by a contingent of Italian ladies—allies in the anti-Comintern pact—waving Japanese flags. The event lasted until 3 p.m. and involved all 6000 Japanese troops stationed in the city. The next day a smaller contingent of troops marched in orderly fashion from Garden Bridge south to the Bund and through the concessions (Tokyo asahi shinbun, December 4, 1937, and December 5, 1937; cited in Muramatsu 1991, 308–9). Lest there be any doubt about it, this was clearly intended as a victory march, an effort to demonstrate the new reality of Japan's preeminence in Shanghai. However much this display may have been directed at the Chinese, with whom Japan had now been at war for five months, the Western residents of the concessions—with whom the resident Japanese had been at loggerheads for many years—were the primary targets. No such event ever took place in any of the other centers of Japanese residence in China, only in Shanghai, where all the Western powers were present in full force.
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Nossek, Erez, Peter D. Costantino, Mark Eisenberg, Amir R. Dehdashti, Avi Setton, David J. Chalif, Rafael A. Ortiz, and David J. Langer. "Internal Maxillary Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass." Neurosurgery 75, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000340.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Internal maxillary artery (IMax)–middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass has been recently described as an alternative to cervical extracranial-intracranial bypass. This technique uses a “keyhole” craniectomy in the temporal fossa that requires a technically challenging end-to-side anastomosis. OBJECTIVE: To describe a lateral subtemporal craniectomy of the middle cranial fossa floor to facilitate wide exposure of the IMax to facilitate bypass. METHODS: Orbitozygomatic osteotomy is used followed by frontotemporal craniotomy and subsequently laterotemporal fossa craniectomy, reaching its medial border at a virtual line connecting the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale. The IMax was identified by using established anatomic landmarks, neuronavigation, and micro Doppler probe (Mizuho Inc. Tokyo, Japan). Additionally, we studied the approach in a cadaveric specimen in preparation for microsurgical bypass. RESULTS: There were 4 cases in which the technique was used. One bypass was performed for flow augmentation in a hypoperfused hemisphere. The other 3 were performed as part of treatment paradigms for giant middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Vein grafts were used in all patients. The proximal anastomosis was performed in an end-to-side fashion in 1 patient and end-to-end in 3 patients. Intraoperative graft flow measured with the Transonic flow probe ranged from 20 to 60 mL/min. Postoperative angiography demonstrated good filling of the graft with robust distal flow in all cases. All patients tolerated the procedure well. CONCLUSION: IMax to middle cerebral artery subcranial-intracranial bypass is safe and efficacious. The laterotemporal fossa craniectomy technique resulted in reliable identification and wide exposure of the IMax, facilitating the proximal anastomosis.
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Ong, Kenneth Keng Wee, Jean François Ghesquière, and Stefan Karl Serwe. "Frenglish shop signs in Singapore." English Today 29, no. 3 (August 15, 2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078413000278.
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The presence of French in advertising communication within largely non-French speaking communities has been noted by a few linguists. Haarmann (1984, 1989) found that French is used in Japanese advertisements as ethno-cultural hieroglyphs which connote refinement, poshness, style and tastefulness – stereotypes of France and French culture. The unintelligibility of French to Japanese patrons is perceived as a non-issue, as social or symbolic meanings are deemed to be more vital to attract patrons than denotational meanings. A parallel case was found in British advertisements of food, fashion and beauty businesses where French symbolism or linguistic fetish is seen as attractive to largely non-French, English-speaking patrons (Kelly-Holmes, 2005). Notably, French symbolic meanings are sometimes accompanied by elaborative messages in English. Kelly-Holmes (2005) noted that English is used only where message comprehension is important for explicit communication. Curtin (2009) documented the fact that ‘vogue’ or ‘display’ French shop names favored by high-end restaurants and beauty salons in Taipei occurred concomitantly with vogue English. Vogue English is relatively more ubiquitous across the city's linguistic landscape due to its connotations being exploited in a wide span of applications vis-à-vis the chic prestige of French, which is tied to food, beauty and fashion businesses. The Taipei case shows that non-idiomatic French is employed as a socio-commercial accessory, similar to the case of decorative English used in Japan (Dougill, 1987) and in Milan, Italy (Ross, 1997). However, a more recent study on Tokyo shop signs gleaned linguistic patterns other than vogue English and vogue French (MacGregor, 2003), such as French + Japanese and English + French + Japanese. A recent study by Serwe et al. (in press) found that French and French-like shop names are increasingly in currency, with local shop owners keen to stand out and appeal to the increasingly cosmopolitan and sophisticated clientele in Singapore, who are nevertheless overwhelmingly non-French speaking. They further found that French and French-inspired shop signs of food businesses can be classified into four categories, namely, monolingual French, French + another language, French function words + another language, and coinages, noting that there are idiomatic usages and non-idiomatic usages in the first three categories. In this paper, we throw the spotlight on coinages, which we argue are mostly explicable as French-English code-switched blends. We focus on localized nominal concoctions used by shop owners across food and beauty commercial entities within Singapore. We borrowed the term ‘Frenglish’ from Martin's (2007) study to refer to the French-English blends. However, we noted that Martin's study focused on the use of English in advertising communication in France, where English is the minority language that is largely sidelined by the Toubon Law. Contrastively, English in Singapore is de facto the national language, while French is a foreign language with few speakers.
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Imai, Yumi, Kyomi Ibaraki, Ritsuko Odajima, and Yoshimasa Shishiba. "Analysis of proteoglycan synthesis by retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts under the influence of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor-β." European Journal of Endocrinology 131, no. 6 (December 1994): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310630.
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Imai Y, Ibaraki K, Odajima R, Shishiba Y. Analysis of proteoglycan synthesis by retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts under the influence of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor-β Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:630–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts are supposed to be responsible for the deposition of glycosaminoglycan in Graves' ophthalmopathy. We have reported in a preliminary fashion that interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) increased the rate of [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans two to five times the control in culture of retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts. The increase in the rate of [ S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan will occur as a result of: (a) net increase of proteoglycan synthesis; (b) elongation of glycosaminoglycan chains; (c) increased number of glycosaminoglycan chains; (d) oversulfation of glycosaminoglycan chains; (e) increase in cell number; (f) decreased rate of degradation. We have analyzed which mechanism is important for the increase of [35S]sulfate into proteoglycans observed in human retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts under the influence of cytokines. The last two possibilities (e, f) were ruled out because during the observation period there was no consistent proliferation of the cells and no decrease in the rate of degradation of proteoglycan examined by pulse-chase experiment. Cytokines did not change the size of glycosaminoglycan chains released from proteoglycan as measured by alkaline borohydride treatment, ruling out (b). Disaccharide analysis by HPLC after chondroitin sulfate ABC digestion revealed that glycosaminoglycan mainly contains monosulfated chondroitin disaccharides and that oversulfation was not observed under the influence of IL-1β or TGF-β, ruling out (d). The capacity to synthesize glycosaminoglycan chain in the presence of an artifical acceptor of chain elongation, β-d-xylodide, was increased significantly by IL-1β but not obviously so by TGF-β. Thus, an increased number of glycosaminoglycan chains (c) is possible for IL-1β. A preliminary northern blot analysis employing probes for mRNAs for various proteoglycan core proteins showed increased expression of versican and aggrecan in the presence of IL-1β or TGF-β. This result supports the possibility of (a). In conclusion, IL-1β and TGF-β increased [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan by increasing the net increase of proteoglycan synthesis and possibly by increasing the number of glycosaminoglycan chains attached to core protein in the case of IL-1β. Y Shishiba, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Módis, László, Eszter Szalai, Zsuzsanna Flaskó, Bence Kolozsvári, and András Berta. "Femtoszekundumlézeres keratoplasztika." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 17 (April 2018): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31035.
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Abstract: Introduction and aim: To present our results on femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty. Patients and method: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients underwent surgery with the following indications: pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (n = 10), keratoconus (n = 4), corneal dystrophy (n = 5), corneal scar (n = 4), band keratopathy (n = 2). Trephination of both the donor and recipient corneas were performed with VisuMax femtosecond laser device (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). In each case, trephinaton of the donor tissue was performed first with an artificial anterior chamber (Moria, Antony, France). For the surgical plan and in the postoperative period we obtained different corneal imaging modalities. The corneal power was measured with corneal topography (TMS-4, Tomey, Nürnberg, Germany) and Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam HR, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). The central corneal thickness was evaluated with Pentacam and corneal endothelial cell density was measured with specular microscopy (SP3000P, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). The corneal structure was imaged with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). All measurements were performed every 3 months in the first year and yearly thereafter. The follow-up period was 3 years in every case. Results: The corrected decimal visual acuity showed an improvement from a preoperative 0.1 ± 0.1 to a postoperative 0.71 ± 0.18 value at the end of the follow-up period (p = 0.03). All corneal grafts maintained their transparency, there were no immunological rejection during the follow-up. Topographical astigmatism was 4.5 ± 3.1 D in the first month; it showed a decreasing tendency, but there was no significant change in the 3-year period. The mean central corneal thickness changed with 60 µm during the follow-up; there was no significant difference between the first month (564 ± 52 µm) and the third year (596 ± 64 µm) mean pachymetry values (p = 0.1). The mean endothelial cell density decreased first, then remained stable, but did not change significantly from the first (1641 ± 433 cells/mm2) to the last postoperative visit (1220 ± 391 cells/mm2, p = 0.1). Conclusions: In the case of femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty, trephination of the donor and recipient cornea is performed automatically in a highly precise fashion. The accurate cutting surface provides excellent wound apposition and healing. Both anatomical and functional rehabilitation of patients undergoing surgery are favourable and fast. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(17): 671–676.
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Fareed, Jawed, Debra Hoppensteadt, Daneyal Syed, Daniel Kahn, Michael Mosier, Amanda Walborn, and Mark Williams. "Recombinant Thrombomodulin Inhibits Tissue Factor Mediated Thrombin Generation in Blood Plasma and Is Modulated By Prothrombin Complex Concentrates." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2303.2303.
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Abstract Introduction: Thrombomodulin plays an important role in the regulation of serine proteases and endothelial function. Because of its multiple modulatory action it has a central role in inhibiting thrombogenesis and inflammatory processes in such complex disorders as sepsis associated coagulopathies. A recombinant thrombomodulin (Recomodulin, Asahai Kasei, Tokyo, Japan) is currently used for the management of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and related disorders in Japan and is currently undergoing a global phase 3 trial in sepsis-induced coagulopathy. Recomodulin (RM) is capable of forming complexes with circulating thrombin generated in sepsis and not only inhibits its coagulant function but also inhibits thrombin generation. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of RM on thrombin generation in plasma systems and its modulation by both activated and non-activated prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs). PCCs may have the potential to overcome the anticoagulant effects of RM and may be useful as an antidote. Materials and Methods: RM 12,800 IU (2.02 mg) ampules were commercially obtained. Working solutions of buffered RM were prepared at 100 µg/ml. Tissue factor mediated generation of thrombin and its inhibition in normal human plasma (NHP) (n=50), platelet rich plasma (PRP) (n=50), plasma obtained from patients with DIC (n=25) and various PCCs such as Beriplex, Cofact, Feiba, Konyne, Octaplex, Preconativ, Profilnine, Prothromplex at 1 - 5 IU/ml were investigated. A fluorometric thrombokinetics method (Technoclone, Vienna, Austria) was used to determine thrombin generation and its modulation by RM. In addition such thrombin generation markers as prothrombin fragment (F1.2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) were measured. The effect of RM on thrombin mediated fibrinokinetics was also measured using an optical method. Results: RM produced a concentration dependent inhibition of thrombin generation in the plasma based systems. In NHP the IC50 was 0.29±0.06 µg/ml in contrast to PRP where the IC50 was 1.99±0.31 µg/ml. The inhibition of thrombin generation in various PCCs was also concentration and product dependent and only four factor concentrates were found to generate thrombin.. At concentrations of 1 IU/ml marked inhibition of thrombin generation was noted in Preconativ, Prothromplex and Beriplex. RM decreased the generation of F1.2 and TAT in a concentration dependent manner. However, at concentrations >2.5 IU/ml the thrombin generated in such PCCs as Prothromplex and Beriplex, markedly higher thrombin was generated overcoming the anticoagulant effect of RM. Proportionately higher levels of thrombin generation markers were formed and were dependant on PCC concentrations. RM also inhibited the thrombin induced formation of fibrin in both PRP and PPP systems in a differential manner. However, at higher concentration of thrombin the inhibitory effects of RM on fibrin formation were overcome. Conclusions: These results suggest that in plasma based systems and in the PCCs at concentrations <1 IU/ml, RM is capable of inhibiting tissue factor mediated thrombin generation in addition to the direct inhibition of pre-formed thrombin. However, such PCCs as Beriplex and Prothromplex are capable of overcoming the thrombin generation inhibitory actions of RM in a concentration dependent fashion. Moreover, RM is also capable of modulating fibrin formation as evident by fibrinokinetic studies where increased thrombin levels may also overcome its effect on fibrin formation. These observations suggest that PCCs may have the potential to reverse the anticoagulant effect of RM and may be considered as a potential antidote for this agent. Disclosures Williams: Asahi Kasei Pharma America: Employment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exoticism in fashion – japan – tokyo"
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Keet, Philomena Benedicta Camelia. "Mimicking in a material world : negotiating stylish selves and networks in a Tokyo youth fashion scene." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602392.
Full textBooks on the topic "Exoticism in fashion – japan – tokyo"
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Takagi, Yōko. Feel and think: A new era of Tokyo fashion. Munich: Prestel, 2012.
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Keet, Philomena. The Tokyo look book: Stylish to spectacular, goth to gyaru, sidewalk to catwalk. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 2007.
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Harold, Koda, and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), eds. Orientalism: Visions of the East in western dress. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.
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Yagi, Yoko. Tokyo street style. 2018.
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Keet, Philomena, and Yuri Manabe. Tokyo Fashion City: A Detailed Guide to Tokyo's Trendiest Fashion Districts. Tuttle Publishing, 2016.
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Keet, Philomena. Tokyo fashion city: A detailed guide to Tokyo's trendiest fashion districts. 2016.
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Keet, Philomena. Tokyo Fashion City: A Detailed Guide to Tokyo's Trendiest Fashion Districts. Tuttle Publishing, 2019.
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Evers, Izumi, Patrick Macias, and Kazumi Nonaka. Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook. Chronicle Books LLC, 2010.
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Denson, Abby. Cool Tokyo guide: Adventures in the city of kawaii fashion, train sushi and godzilla. 2018.
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Inzer, Christine Mari. Diary of a Tokyo Teen: A Japanese-American Girl Travels to the Land of Trendy Fashion, High-Tech Toilets and Maid Cafes. Tuttle Publishing, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Exoticism in fashion – japan – tokyo"
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Ho, Michelle H. S. "From Dansō to Genderless: Mediating Queer Styles and Androgynous Bodies in Japan." In Gender in Japanese Popular Culture, 29–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12942-1_2.
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AbstractThis chapter explores androgynous bodies and styles in contemporary Japan through dansō (female-to-male crossdressing) and “genderless” (jendāresu). Dansō refers to gender-crossing practices by individuals who are assigned female at birth, whereas genderless is a fashion mode which denotes styles that do not distinguish between genders. Drawing on media coverage of dansō individuals and genderless joshi (girls) in the 2010s, supplemented by ethnographic research conducted in a Tokyo dansō cafe-and-bar, I argue that through their androgynous practices, these individuals construct alternative ways of being before they are labeled as “doing” dansō or genderless. Ultimately, I suggest that dansō and genderless allow us to rethink the gender binary, particularly in queer studies and transgender studies in a transnational context, and the connections between style and gender and sexual subjectivities.
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Mehl, Margaret. "8. Playing Modern." In Music and the Making of Modern Japan, 203–36. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0374.08.
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Chapter 8, ‘Playing Modern: Blending Japanese and Western Music’, examines the widespread, albeit short-lived, fashion for performing Japanese music (chiefly koto and shamisen genres) on Western instruments, particularly the piano or organ and the violin; a practice known as wayō setchû (mixing Japanese and Western elements), wayō chōwa gaku (music harmonizing Japanese and Western elements), or wayō gassō (Japanese-Western ensemble playing). The propagators of the practice can be categorized loosely as ‘reformers’ and entrepreneurs.’ The former group consisted largely of graduates from the Tokyo Academy of Music. Their arguments about the importance of music reform were similar to those of the older Meiji elite, but in practice, their musical training resulted in their privileging Western music in the long run. More persistent was a grass-roots trend, promoted by enterprising musicians, often performers of indigenous music. They published sheet music in Western staff notation. This marked a departure from studying Japanese music in the traditional way of direct transmission from teacher to student, because it enabled independent study without a teacher. Wayō setchû, although frowned upon by the contemporary musical establishment in the capital, is regarded as having facilitated the assimilation of Western music. Another aspect, however, are the changing practices within traditional Japanese music. The practice suggests that the strict separation between Western and Japanese music (which from around 1900 began to be called hōgaku), was not a foregone conclusion, despite the privileging of Western music by the government.
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Sheppard, W. Anthony. "Beat and Square Cold War Encounters." In Extreme Exoticism, 317–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072704.003.0009.
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This chapter is focused on the transnational influences of Japanese music during the Cold War and on music’s role in U.S. cultural diplomacy efforts aimed at Japan. This includes examples of numerous American jazz musicians (David Brubeck, Duke Ellington, Herbie Mann) who were sent to Japan and who created musical “impressions” of their experience. A primary focus in on the 1961 Tokyo East-West Music Encounter organized by Nicolas Nabokov and attended by multiple American composers (Lou Harrison, Henry Cowell, Colin McPhee) and scholars (Robert Garfias). The chapter then details the broad influence of gagaku on European (Messiaen, Stockhausen, Xenakis) and American composers, focusing particularly on Alan Hovhaness. Experimental composers, such as Richard Teitelbaum, inspired by John Cage’s engagement with Zen also turned toward Japan. The chapter concludes with an extended discussion of the role of Japanese music and Japanese composers (particularly Toru Takemitsu) in the career of Roger Reynolds.
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Barnett, Lois J. E. "Historically contextualising Japanese male fashion: Western-style menswear, the cinema and space." In Film and Fashion in Japan, 1923-39, 171–88. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474497701.003.0008.
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This chapter describes the historical link in the Japanese context between Western-style fashions for men and the desire to visually construct one's own identity using consumer goods. This is rooted in Kon Wajirō’s illustrated surveys of clothing consumption in Tokyo conducted during the mid-1920s. It then specifically examines this process in correspondence with the emergent position of cinematic images of Western-dressed men in new modern urban spaces. It analyses how post-1923 Tokyo presented the male spectator with not only new attitudes to the interior home space (which clothing adapted to accordingly) but a plethora of new, Western-style "outside" spaces, accompanied by new social and sartorial customs. Young Japanese men of the 1920s and ‘30s had the immersive transnational cinema and its related print media from which they could draw influence, inspiration, and identity. The chapter explains that cinema existed as one such “modern” space, but also as a means of interpreting other such spaces and their related commodities. Spaces discussed include the café, bar and the cinema itself.
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Gordon, Andrew. "Empire and Domestic Order." In A Modern History of Japan, 115–36. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195110609.003.0009.
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Abstract The Meiji revolution transformed the domestic space of Japan. Railroads linked the countryside in newly intimate fashion to ports and urban centers such as Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, and Kobe. The Meiji revolution also transformed the relationship between Japan and the world. By the end of the nineteenth century, Japan had shifted from a relatively marginal position to a dominant place in Asia. It was seeking control over Korea and had won colonial control over Taiwan.