Journal articles on the topic 'Exotic plantation'
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1
Arnold, R. J., Y. J. Xie, J. Z. Luo, H. R. Wang, and S. J. Midgley. "A tale of two genera: Exotic Eucalyptus and Acacia species in China. 2. Plantation resource development." International Forestry Review 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829403441.
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In China a substantial plantation industry involving 5.4 M ha of exotic eucalypts and up to 50 000 ha of exotic acacias, has been built on a foundation of collaborative R&D sponsored by both China and Australia over the past 40 years. Germplasm derived from some of the early collaboration still provides the majority of trees deployed in current eucalypt plantations in China. But, whilst the past 2 decades has been the best of times for plantation eucalypts in China, the past decade has simultaneously been the worst of times for plantation acacias. Improved plantation productivities achieved through R&D programs coupled with innovations in processing markedly increased the profitability of young eucalypt plantations; this provided strong market pull for expansion of these plantations. For exotic acacias though, plantation areas in China have declined over the past decade. Factors that have contributed to the contrasting fates of these species in China, along with their future outlooks, are reviewed in this report.
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Curry, GN. "The Influence of Proximity of Plantation Edge on Diversity and Abundance of bird species in an exotic pine plantation in north-eastern New South Wales." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910299.
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Data were collected in summer and winter in a 15-year-old plantation of Pinus taeda, at Clouds Creek, north-eastern New South Wales. In summer, diversity and abundance of bird species declined over a distance of 900 m into the plantation. However, in winter this progressive decline in bird densities was limited to within the first 200 m of the plantation periphery. At greater distances into the plantation, the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation (including windrows) were of more importance than the proximity of the plantation edge in accounting for variations in the abundance and diversity of birds. Food for insectivorous birds (the dominant feeding guild) is probably restricted in the plantation because few local species of invertebrates are likely to be adapted to living on exotic pines; invertebrate mobility as well as abundance is probably less in winter, so that fewer invertebrates enter the plantation from adjacent native forest. Windrows are an important habitat feature contributing to the diversity and abundance of birds within plantations, probably serving as 'corridors' through the alien habitat of exotic pines, thus enabling birds to range further into plantations. For approximately 40 per cent of the plantation life cycle, the influence of proximity of plantation edge on diversity and abundance of bird species is probably of limited importance, particularly in winter. Reducing plantation size in order to increase the diversity and abundance of bird species is not realistic, because plantations would have to be very small. Instead, emphasis should be placed on increasing the structural and floristic diversity of plantations by creating a broad range of successional stages throughout the plantation complex, by enhancing the habitat value of windrows, and by retaining native vegetation within and near plantations.
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Hossain, Gazi Mosharof, and ABM Enayet Hossain. "Effect of exotic tree plantation on floristic composition and phytodiversity of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary, Bangladesh." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 19, 2016): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v3i2.28284.
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Effect of exotic tree plantation on floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary of Bangladesh was studied. A total of 309 vascular plant species under 245 genera belonging to 83 families were found to constitute the vascular flora of the studied area. The maximum number of species (298) with the highest Shannon-Weiner diversity index value (3.882±0.090) was recorded from natural forest, which was followed by 194 and 165 plant species with 3.441±0.205 and 3.398±0.103 diversity index values recorded from Tectona and Acacia plantation sites respectively. The minimum number of plant species (142) with the lowest diversity index value (2.999±0.152) was recorded from Eucalyptus plantation site. The collected data on the selected forest sites of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary showed the trends of gradual decrease in floristic composition and phytodivesity status of three plantation sites (Tectona to Acacia to Eucalyptus) in respect to natural forest, which indicated that exotic tree plantations might have negative impact on floristic composition and phytodiversity of this semi-tropical forest area and the fast-growing exotic tree plantation of Acacia and Eucalyptus should be avoided for sustainable development of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 33-47, 2014 (December)
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García, Miguel A. "The vulnerability of leaflitter ants to forest disturbances in the island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles." Novitates Caribaea, no. 13 (January 23, 2019): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33800/nc.v0i13.193.
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Reduced biodiversity and high number of endemics characterize island ecosystems. Island natives and endemics are considered more vulnerable than continental species to exotic species invasions and habitat changes. The effect of replacing a native forest by an exotic wood plantation was studied on the assemblage of native and endemic ant species. The main hypothesis was that endemic and native ant species were more vulnerable to habitat changes than the exotic ant species. Nevertheless, it was found that native ants were more numerous and specious in both native and exotic plantations. Also, high numbers of two endemic ants were detected within exotic plantations, while only one exotic ant Hypoponera opacipeps was relatively abundant, particularly on native forest. In conclusion, exotic ant species did not dominate the communities studied nor the native and endemic ant assemblages seemed to be affected negatively by the forest replacement.
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Larcombe, Matthew J., Brad M. Potts, Rebecca C. Jones, Dorothy A. Steane, João Costa E. Silva, and René E. Vaillancourt. "Managing Australia’s eucalypt gene pools: assessing the risk of exotic gene flow." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16003.
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Most eucalypts are endemic to Australia but they have been introduced into more than 100 countries and there are now over 20 million hectares of eucalypt plantations globally. These plantations are grown mainly for pulpwood but there is expanding interest in their use as a renewable source of solid wood products and energy. In Australia, the eucalypt plantation estate is nearing one million hectares, located mainly in temperate regions and dominated by Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens (subgenus Symphyomyrtus), which are grown mainly outside their natural ranges. While eucalypt species from different major subgenera do not hybridise, hybrids within subgenera are often reported, including hybrids with plantation species. Concerns were raised in the late 1990s that pollen-mediated gene flow from locally exotic plantation eucalypts may affect the integrity of adjacent native eucalypt gene pools. As Australia is the centre-of-origin of most eucalypt species used in plantations around the world, exotic gene flow is one of the many issues that require management for industry sustainability and certification purposes. We here summarise over a decade of research aimed at providing the framework and biological data to help assess and manage the risk of gene flow from these plantations into native gene pools in Australia.
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ANBARASHAN, M., A. PADMAVATHY, and R. ALEXANDAR. "Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India." Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010203.
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Anbarashan M, Padmavathy A, Alexandar R. 2017. Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India. Asian J For 1: 70-76. There exists very little information on the growth of autochthonous tree species autochthonousin the tropics and on the experiences in conducting mono and mixed species plantations. The aim of this study was to compare the variation in growth parameter between the mixed species plantation and mono species plantation. The growth, survival, and height of 82 autochthonous mixed species plantations were compared with Casuarina equisetifolia, an exotic species broadly planted in this region after over a decade (2006 to 2016). In the mixed species plantation, seven species showed 100 % survival rate and 19 species were not survived after 10-year intervals. In the mono species plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia had 92 % of the survival rate. When it is compared to the mono plantation, the growth rate of mixed species plantation showed highly significant differences (P < 0: 05) values. Simple linear regression between annual girth increment and height produced very strong positive relations (R2 0.759). Plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia seem to be well adapted to the coastal region. On the other hand, mixed plantation with autochthonous species would contribute more to sustainable management because they provide a greater range of ecological goods and ecosystem services than the single species plantations.
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Carte, Lindsey, Álvaro Hofflinger, and Molly H. Polk. "Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile." Land 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030283.
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Chile has embraced the expansion of monoculture forest plantations of exotic Monterey pine and eucalyptus as part of its development strategy. While forestry is considered financially successful and meets sustainability objectives, the increase in forest plantations across southern Chile has received harsh critiques for exacerbating conflict over Indigenous land rights, producing negative environmental outcomes, and increasing poverty and inequality. There are also claims that forest plantation expansion has led to an abandonment of the countryside. Migration is viewed as a result of the socioeconomic challenges that forest plantations produce at the local level; however, the linkages have not been explored. We examine the linkages between forest plantations and migration through two questions: Is there a relationship between forest plantation cover change and out-migration from rural areas? If so, what are the factors that explain this process? We use a difference-in-differences method analyzing panel data from the Chilean census and from CONAF, the Chilean National Forest Corporation, complemented by interviews, mapping workshops, and focus groups to answer these questions. Results indicate a statistically significant relationship between expanding forest plantations and population decline in rural areas. Qualitative data show that this expansion led to displacement of residents, declines in employment opportunities, and agriculture difficulties.
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Barbour, R. C., B. M. Potts, and R. E. Vaillancourt. "Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: exotic hybrids are establishing in the wild." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 4 (2003): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03016.
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F1 hybrids between exotic Eucalyptus nitens plantations and native E. ovata have previously been reported among seedlings grown from open-pollinated seed collected from E. ovata, on the island of Tasmania. Such exotic hybrid seedlings have now been found in the wild adjacent to plantations at three locations. The proportion of exotic hybrids in open-pollinated seed collected from nearby mature E. ovata was 5.5%. This level compares with only 0.4% for natural hybrids between native species at these sites (E. ovata, E. viminalis and E.�rodwayi). Detection of hybrids was initially based on their deviant morphology, which was generally intermediate between parental species. This subjective classification was then successfully verified by morphometric and allozyme analyses. Pure E. nitens seedlings (wildlings) were restricted to within 30 m of these plantations, whereas established hybrids were found up to 310 m from the plantations. This pattern of establishment reflects dispersal of exotic seed and pollen respectively. It is likely that the recent expansion of the eucalypt plantation estate in Australia will cause an increase in the frequency of exotic hybrids. However, the long-term impact of such hybridisation is yet to be assessed.
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Darmawan, Andy, Tri Atmowidi, Wasmen Manalu, and Bambang Suryobroto. "Land-use change on Mount Gede, Indonesia, reduced native earthworm populations and diversity." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 4 (2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17028.
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The conversion of natural forest to agroforestry plantations and annual cropping systems alters the soil habitat and food resources for biota, including earthworms. Native earthworm species may disappear whereas exotic species with greater tolerance of disturbance and less niche specialisation may thrive. The objective of the study was to compare the earthworm diversity in managed forest and agroforestry systems, which were cultivated for mixed plantation and annual crop production on Mount Gede, Indonesia. All the habitats in the study area were impacted by humans. The forest habitat was a managed forest, with a permanent tree cover, whereas mixed plantation had a partial shrub cover. Meanwhile, homogenous plantation was cultivated with annual crops. Among 3787 individuals collected during July–October 2012, five Oriental earthworm species were identified in the soil communities of Mount Gede: Drawida nepalensis, Notoscolex javanica, Pheretima pura-group, Polypheretima moelleri, and Polypheretima sempolensis. Also, 18 species were found that are reported to be non-Oriental in origin. Anthropogenic disturbance of forests on Mount Gede, due to conversion into plantations, alters the earthworm environment by increasing soil water content, temperature and total phosphorous content, while decreasing organic carbon. N. javanica was the only native species to survive this deforestation, while the exotic Ocnerodrilus occidentalis and Pontoscolex corethrurus thrived, becoming the eudominant species. From the forest area to the mixed and homogenous plantations, the predicted decreasing diversity is evidenced by the lowering trend of Shannon’s diversity index. In conclusion, the land-use change into mixed plantations and annual croplands has reduced earthworm diversity in this region of Mount Gede, Indonesia.
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Suguituru, Silvia Sayuri, Rogério Rosa Silva, Débora Rodrigues de Souza, Catarina de Bortoli Munhae, and Maria Santina de Castro Morini. "Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000100034.
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Secondary forests and exotic tree plantations are expanding across tropical landscapes. However, our current understanding of the value of these human-dominated forest landscapes for invertebrate biodiversity conservation is still very poor. In this paper, we use the leaf-litter ant fauna to assess invertebrate diversity in one commercially managed Eucalyptus plantation (four years old), two abandoned plantations of different regeneration ages (16 and 31 years), and one neighboring secondary Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. There was a clear gradient in species richness from the secondary forest to the managed Eucalyptus plantation; richness and diversity peaked in secondary forest and in the older regenerating Eucalyptus plantation. Significantly more species were recorded in secondary forest samples than in Eucalyptus plantations, but Eucalyptus plantations had a similar level of richness. Furthermore, a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed clear differences in species composition between the younger managed Eucalyptus plantation (understory absent) and habitats with sub-developed or developed understory. Eucalyptus plantations were characterized by an assemblage of widespread, generalist species very different from those known to occur in core forest habitats of southeastern Brazil. Our results indicate that while older regenerating Eucalyptus plantations can provide habitat to facilitate the persistence of generalist ant species, it is unlikely to conserve most of the primary forest species, such as specialized predators, Dacetini predators, and nomadic species.
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Chey, V. K., J. D. Holloway, and M. R. Speight. "Diversity of moths in forest plantations and natural forests in Sabah." Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, no. 4 (August 1997): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530003738x.
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AbstractThe diversity of macromoths in the various fast-growing exotic tree plantations and natural secondary forest in Brumas, Sabah, Malaysia was assessed by means of an annual cycle of light-trap samples. The moth diversity in the forest plantations, viz. Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea, Paraserianthes (=Albizia) falcataria, Pinus caribaea, and in particular Eucalyptus deglupta, was unexpectedly high. Eucalyptus deglupta showed moth diversity as high as that in the natural secondary forest, a finding attributed to the fact that the E. deglupta plantation had a very diverse understorey both in terms of plant species (secondary regrowth species) and architecture, and thus supported a more diverse moth fauna. Subsidiary samples showed that primary natural forest in the neighbouring Danum Valley does not show higher moth diversity compared to the disturbed forest habitats in Brumas, though moth diversity at Danum is lower than that recorded in other Bornean primary forests. The value of plantation forests for conservation of invertebrate diversity is discussed, together with the implications for plantation management strategy.
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Standen, Valerie. "Oligochaetes in fire climax grassland and conifer plantations in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Tropical Ecology 4, no. 1 (February 1988): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002480.
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ABSTRACTEarthworm populations in grassland and plantations in the area of Bulolo, Papua New Guinea were compared with populations in nearby undisturbed rain forest. The grasslands had been maintained by burning for many years. The Pinus plantation had been developed on a burned grassland site and the Araucaria plantation on a site which had been cleared of secondary forest.The grasslands and the Pinus plantation supported moderate populations of exotic earthworms including Pontoscolex corethrurus, but no indigenous species. The Araucaria site supported a native species, Amynthas zebrus only, which was also found together with two other native species at very low density in rain forest.Exotic earthworm species widespread throughout the tropics, were present in disturbed soils and formed moderately high density populations in burned grasslands. There was no evidence that they displaced native Megascolecidae in rain forest.
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Martínez, Malena, Jessenia Castro, Ronald Villamar-Torres, Mercedes Carranza, Julio Muñoz-Rengifo, Edwin Jiménez, Marcelino Guachambala, Marcos Heredia-Pinos, Luz García-Cruzatty, and Seyed Mehdi-Jazayeri. "Evaluation of the diversity of Scolitids (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the forest plantations of the central zone of the Ecuadorian littoral." Ciencia y Tecnología 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v10i2.163.
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The species of Scolytinae subfamily have a worldwide distribution, and are found mainly in the Neo-tropic regions. They usually dominate the communities of wood borer insects. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity among Scolytinae species associated with balsa, teak, rubber and gamhar plantations located in the humid tropical zone of the Ecuadorian littoral. In each plantation seven flight interception traps containing an ethanol / gel mixture were installed, with a collection frequency of 15 days for three months in the dry period. A total of 1437 specimens were collected, represented by Xyleborini, Cryphalini, Corthylini and Ipini tribes. In the four plantations, 18 species of Scolitids were collected, of which 16 were recorded in the balsa plantation, while in the other plantations 10 to 12 species were found. The most abundant Scolitids were Hypothenemus spp., Corthylus spp., Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborinus bicornatulus and Premnobium cavipennis. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in the balsa culture (H’= 2.37) and lower in Teak (H’= 1.57). The Jaccard similarity index was higher among the teak and rubber plantations (Cj = 0.9090) while the balsa plantation obtained less similarity with respect to the other three plantations. The greatest diversity of Scolitids was recorded in the balsa plantation, which is a native species, unlike the other forest species, which are exotic, indicating that the diversity would be influenced by the host tree and the location where they are found.
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Martínez, Malena, Jessenia Castro, Ronald Villamar-Torres, Mercedes Carranza, Julio Muñoz-Rengifo, Edwin Jiménez, Marcelino Guachambala, Marcos Heredia-Pinos, Luz García-Cruzatty, and Seyed Mehdi-Jazayeri. "Evaluation of the diversity of Scolitids (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the forest plantations of the central zone of the Ecuadorian littoral." Ciencia y Tecnología 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v10i2.204.
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The species of Scolytinae subfamily have a worldwide distribution, and are found mainly in the Neo-tropic regions. They usually dominate the communities of wood borer insects. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity among Scolytinae species associated with balsa, teak, rubber and gamhar plantations located in the humid tropical zone of the Ecuadorian littoral. In each plantation seven flight interception traps containing an ethanol / gel mixture were installed, with a collection frequency of 15 days for three months in the dry period. A total of 1437 specimens were collected, represented by Xyleborini, Cryphalini, Corthylini and Ipini tribes. In the four plantations, 18 species of Scolitids were collected, of which 16 were recorded in the balsa plantation, while in the other plantations 10 to 12 species were found. The most abundant Scolitids were Hypothenemus spp., Corthylus spp., Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborinus bicornatulus and Premnobium cavipennis. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in the balsa culture (H’= 2.37) and lower in Teak (H’= 1.57). The Jaccard similarity index was higher among the teak and rubber plantations (Cj = 0.9090) while the balsa plantation obtained less similarity with respect to the other three plantations. The greatest diversity of Scolitids was recorded in the balsa plantation, which is a native species, unlike the other forest species, which are exotic, indicating that the diversity would be influenced by the host tree and the location where they are found.
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Arnold, R. J., Y. J. Xie, J. Z. Luo, H. R. Wang, and S. J. Midgley. "A tale of two genera: exotic Eucalyptus and Acacia species in China. 1. Domestication and research." International Forestry Review 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820828671571.
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In China a substantial plantation industry, including 5.4 M ha of eucalypts and up to 50,000 ha of acacias, has been built on a foundation of R&D and germplasm acquisition for exotic eucalypt and acacia species over the past 40 years. From the 1980s through to the early 2000s a suite of Chinese-Australian collaborative R&D projects made major contributions to domestication, genetic improvement, silviculture and other aspects of plantation eucalypts and acacias in southern China. Even today, germplasm derived from earlier projects still provides the majority of planting stock deployed in China's current eucalypt plantations. For eucalypts, improvements in plantation productivities have been achieved through solid, well managed R&D programs. For acacias, despite work done in past decades to develop breeding populations and production capacities for improved seeds, genetic resources of acacias in China have deteriorated greatly in recent years. Factors affecting domestication and genetic improvement of both genera in China are reviewed in this report along with the research undertaken for both genera over the past 40 years.
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Stuebing, Robert B., and Joseph Gasis. "A survey of small mammals within a Sabah tree plantation in Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, no. 2 (May 1989): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400003485.
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ABSTRACTA survey of small mammals was made in a tree plantation in Sabah, East Malaysia. Transects within pure plantings of Eucalyptus deglupta, Gmelina arborea, Albizia falcataria, and A. falcataria/Theobroma cacao were compared with a similar transect laid through seven-year-old logged forest near the plantation. A total of 16 small mammal species were trapped, with 11 found in the logged forest area, and 15 in the plantation. Values for the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') and for biomass were highest in logged forest, which also showed a low (<45%) Percent Similarity when compared with any of the plantation areas. Highest diversity and biomass values within the plantation were found in Albizia falcataria plantings, while the lowest were found in A. falcataria underplanted with Theobroma cacao. All plantation areas were dominated by Maxomys whiteheads, whereas A. falcataria plantings had the highest numbers of Tupaia glis and Tupaia tana.The study shows that although tropical plantations of exotic tree species can support a large number of species of scansorial small mammals, overall diversity and species biomass per hectare is much lower than that found in logged forest.
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Baek, Gyeongwon, Eun-Ji Bae, and Choonsig Kim. "A Stand-Level Comparison of Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution in an Exotic Japanese Cedar Plantation and a Natural Oak Stand." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080963.
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This study compared carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) distribution at a stand level in an exotic Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantation and a natural Serrata oak (Quercus serrata Murray) stand growing under similar site conditions in South Korea. The aboveground biomass (stems, branches, and leaves) of 20 trees (10 of each species), the forest floor, and the mineral soils to a depth of 30 cm were sampled to determine C and N concentrations. Except in branches, C concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the Japanese cedar plantation than in the Serrata oak stand, whereas N concentrations, except in the stem bark, were significantly lower in the Japanese cedar plantation. Reforestation with an exotic coniferous species significantly increased the C stocks in the aboveground biomass and the N stocks in the forest floor and mineral soils compared with a natural oak stand. The N stocks in the aboveground biomass were dependent on either the N concentrations or the C stocks in the tree components, whereas soil C and N stocks were negatively related to soil fertility parameters such as C/N ratio. Although it is uncertain which factors are responsible for the difference in aboveground C and soil N stocks following the establishment of Japanese cedar plantations on former natural Serrata oak stands, tree replacement may have an impact on C and N allocation within different forest compartments.
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Cooper, A. Bryce. "Suppression of nitrate formation within an exotic conifer plantation." Plant and Soil 93, no. 3 (October 1986): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02374289.
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Carter, Katherine K., and L. Oscar Selin. "Larch Plantation Management in the Northeast." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.1.18.
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Abstract The potential productivity of native and exotic larch plantations in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada is summarized. Attainment of high productivity over short rotations depends on the application of silvicultural practices that differ from those that are commonly applied to other, more tolerant, northern conifers. Practices leading to the successful establishment and management of larch plantations are discussed. North. J. Appl. For. 4:18-20, Mar. 1987.
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Lee, Chen H., and Hans G. Schabel. "Juvenile Performance of Exotic Larches in Central Wisconsin1." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 6, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/6.1.31.
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Abstract A permanent test plantation consisting of a single provenance of Japanese larch and six provenances of European larch was established in central Wisconsin in the spring of 1982 by hand planting 2-0 stock grown from seed originating in Europe. A randomized complete block design with seven replications was used. Altogether 294 trees (6 trees/plot X *** plots/block x 7 replications) were installed in the test. After five growing seasons in the field, plantation survival was 98%. Nineteen percent of the trees had suffered bark damage by deer, and 22% had terminals clipped by grasshoppers. The damages were not related to seed source origin, and they were of short duration. The between-seedlot differences in annual shoot elongation were statistically significant in each of three consecutive growing seasons. Mean annual height growth for both exotic larches combined was 53 cm. Mean total height reached 3.73 m after seven growing seasons (two in the nursery, five in the plantation). Early growth potential of both larches was more than three times that of native red pine planted adjacent to the larch study site. Although the single Japanese larch provenance was slowest growing, sensitive to late frost, and possessed the lowest percentage of straight stems, it still outperformed red pine. European larch of Polish provenances, combining good growth with straightness characteristics, is recommended for general planting purposes on suitable sites in central Wisconsin. North. J. Appl. For. 6(1):31-33, March 1989.
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Tapia-Arenas, Claudia Andrea, Karl-Heinz Feger, and Stefan Julich. "Remote sensing data for calibrating hydrologic modeling: Hydrological impacts of land use change of the Reventado river sub-basin, Costa Rica." Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú 17, no. 41 (July 15, 2020): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v17i41.5229.
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The “Ecological rehabilitation pilot plan of the Irazú Volcano National Park – Prusia Sector” intends to determine an ecological rehabilitation plan for current 54-year unmanaged exotic forest plantation. This study aims to determine water balance impacts on land cover changes over the Reventado river sub-basin. Thus, three scenarios were considered: Current (current cover conditions), Pasture (exotic forest plantations converted to pasture) and Forest (exotic forest plantations to natural forest). No field data was available for calibration; therefore MODIS16A2 product was used to calibrate evapotranspiration from hydrologic modeling using SWAT. An analysis was performed to determine if estimates vary using two models: 1) parameterized but non-calibrated approach(PNCA), and 2) parameterized and calibrated approach (PCA). Overall, using MODIS16A2 for calibration was satisfactory, showing statistically significant differences in ET, PERC, SURQ and GWQ. The PCA was then used for estimating the impact on water balance variables due to land cover change scenarios –previously mentioned. Slightly differences between Current and Forest scenarios were perceived, whereas Pasture showed 5 % annual increment in surface runoff and 3 % annual decrement of ground water contribution to stream. Thus, careful wood extraction and rehabilitation planning is needed in order to assure low impacts in the hydrological behavior of the sub-basin.
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Remigi, P., A. Faye, A. Kane, M. Deruaz, J. Thioulouse, M. Cissoko, Y. Prin, A. Galiana, B. Dreyfus, and R. Duponnois. "The Exotic Legume Tree Species Acacia holosericea Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 5 (January 18, 2008): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02427-07.
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ABSTRACT The response of microbial functional diversity as well as its resistance to stress or disturbances caused by the introduction of an exotic tree species, Acacia holosericea, ectomycorrhized or not with Pisolithus albus, was examined. The results show that this ectomycorrhizal fungus promotes drastically the growth of this fast-growing tree species in field conditions after 7 years of plantation. Compared to the crop soil surrounding the A. holosericea plantation, this exotic tree species, associated or not with the ectomycorrhizal symbiont, induced strong modifications in soil microbial functionalities (assessed by measuring the patterns of in situ catabolic potential of microbial communities) and reduced soil resistance in response to increasing stress or disturbance (salinity, temperature, and freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles). In addition, A. holosericea strongly modified the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities. These results show clearly that exotic plants may be responsible for important changes in soil microbiota affecting the structure and functions of microbial communities.
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Shaw, David C., Gabriela Ritóková, Yung-Hsiang Lan, Doug B. Mainwaring, Andrew Russo, Randy Comeleo, Sarah Navarro, Daniel Norlander, and Ben Smith. "Persistence of the Swiss Needle Cast Outbreak in Oregon Coastal Douglas-Fir and New Insights from Research and Monitoring." Journal of Forestry 119, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab011.
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Abstract Swiss needle cast (SNC), caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, is a foliage disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), that reduces growth in native stands and exotic plantations worldwide. An outbreak of SNC began in coastal Oregon in the mid-1990s and has persisted since that time. Here we review the current state of knowledge after 24 years of research and monitoring, with a focus on Oregon, although the disease is significant in coastal Washington and has recently emerged in southwestern British Columbia. We present new insights into SNC distribution, landscape patterns, disease epidemiology and ecology, host-pathogen interactions, trophic and hydrologic influences, and the challenges of Douglas-fir plantation management in the presence of the disease. In Oregon, the SNC outbreak has remained geographically contained but has intensified. Finally, we consider the implications of climate change and other recently emerged foliage diseases on the future of Douglas-fir plantation management.
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Larcombe, Matthew J., René E. Vaillancourt, Rebecca C. Jones, and Brad M. Potts. "Assessing a Bayesian Approach for Detecting Exotic Hybrids between Plantation and Native Eucalypts." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/650202.
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Eucalyptus globulusis grown extensively in plantations outside its native range in Australia. Concerns have been raised that the species may pose a genetic risk to native eucalypt species through hybridisation and introgression. Methods for identifying hybrids are needed to enable assessment and management of this genetic risk. This paper assesses the efficiency of a Bayesian approach for identifying hybrids between the plantation speciesE. globulusandE. nitensand four at-risk native eucalypts. Range-wide DNA samples ofE. camaldulensis,E. cypellocarpa,E. globulus,E. nitens,E. ovataandE. viminalis, and pedigreed and putative hybrids (n= 606), were genotyped with 10 microsatellite loci. Using a two-way simulation analysis (two species in the model at a time), the accuracy of identification was 98% for first and 93% for second generation hybrids. However, the accuracy of identifying simulated backcross hybrids was lower (74%). A six-way analysis (all species in the model together) showed that as the number of species increases the accuracy of hybrid identification decreases. Despite some difficulties identifying backcrosses, the two-way Bayesian modelling approach was highly effective at identifyingF1s, which, in the context ofE. globulusplantations, are the primary management concern.
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Mitra, Shaibal S., and Frederick H. Sheldon. "Use of an Exotic Tree Plantation by Bornean Lowland Forest Birds." Auk 110, no. 3 (July 1993): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4088417.
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Lee, Cody H. Y., Alvin M. C. Tang, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Amos P. K. Tai, Alan S. L. Leung, Donald K. C. Tao, Felix Leung, et al. "Problems and Management of Acacia-Dominated Urban Forests on Man-Made Slopes in a Subtropical, High-Density City." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030323.
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Acacia spp. are exotic tree species that have been widely planted on man-made slopes in Hong Kong since the 1960s. However, as they become mature and senescent, they may become a concern and cause various problems, including soil constraints for plant growth, decreasing provision of intended ecosystem services, declining syndromes, arrested succession, and high risk of failure. In this perspective paper, we present and discuss these problems using practical examples of Acacia-dominated urban forests on man-made roadside slopes in Hong Kong, based on a cross-disciplinary survey and a literature review. To conclude, we suggest that selective cutting, specific silvicultural operations of Acacia plantations, and the management of plantation edge and soils can be exercised, along with the planting of native species, to potentially alleviate these problems associated with mature Acacia plantations, by promoting the establishment of native forests, enhancing biodiversity, expediting succession, and providing better ecosystem services.
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Xu, Gang, Yao Liu, Zhijian Long, Shanglian Hu, Yuanbin Zhang, and Hao Jiang. "Effects of exotic plantation forests on soil edaphon and organic matter fractions." Science of The Total Environment 626 (June 2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.088.
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Duarte, N. F., E. U. Bucek, D. Karam, N. Sá, and M. R. M. Scotti. "Mixed field plantation of native and exotic species in semi-arid Brazil." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 8 (2006): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05173.
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An afforestation of mixed plantation was proposed to provide wood supply and minimise exploratory actions in a biological reserve. Eucalyptus plants were indicated for this purpose. This study was carried out to test the effect of volatile oils extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and E. grandis Hill ex Maiden on the growth of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. Under laboratory conditions, the Enterolobium plants showed tolerance to E. grandis oil, whereas E. camaldulensis oil caused loss of leaves, inhibition of height and diameter growth and a concomitant decrease in effective PSII quantum yield and the reduction of photosynthetic electron-transport chains. The field growth of E. contortisiliquum was not modified by intercropped E. grandis plants, confirming its tolerance. Inoculation with rhizobia and or mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved the height and diameter growth of these species. The results showed that E. contortisiliquum plants could be intercropped with E. grandis for reforestation and agroforestry systems.
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Darge, Wendu A. "Diversity of Pathogenic Fungi on Plantation Forests of North and North-West Ethiopia." International Journal of Phytopathology 6, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.006.02.2254.
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Forest plantations in Ethiopia are mainly exotic genera of Eucalyptus, Cupressus, Casuarina, Pinus and native Juniperus species. Plantations species have suffered at varying degrees of attack by disease causing agents, particularly Amhara region is among regions with plantation forests that have in recent years been subjected to attack by diseases in Ethiopia. Plantation trees in commercial stands, farmlands and woodlots were surveyed for diseases symptoms in 20 selected areas of Amhara and Tigray from May to June 2016.Leaf blight, leaf spot, tip blight and stem canker were the most common symptoms appeared during the survey period with leaf spot and stem canker the most prevalent. Tree samples showing clear disease symptoms were collected, surface sterilized, cultured and morphologically characterized for pathogen identification. A total of 42 isolates of fungi colonies were identified from samples collected of 20 localities. Morphological characterization of fungal isolates reveals, six fungal genera belonging to Alternaria, Dioplodia, Pestalotiopsis, Curvularia, Phoma, and Penicillium were the cause of the symptoms of the symptoms of the observed disease. Among the isolates 14 (33.3%) were Alternaria species, 15(37.7%) were Phoma species, and the remaining 13 isolates were Diplodia3(7.2%), Pestalopsis7(16.7%), Curvularia2(4.7%) and Penicillium1 (2. 4%).Based on the findings of the study Phoma lingam, Phoma glomerata, Alternaria alternata, genera of Curvularia, Pestalotiopsis, Penicillium, and Diplodia were found to be the cause of diseases of the tree plantations. Phoma and Alternaria species were the most prevalent isolates, showing a majority of symptoms observed on plantations were due to their co-infection. The pathogenicity test result of the research also confirms fungal isolates were the cause of the symptoms of the disease observed. The findings of this research enable to study and design appropriate management options for the future prevention and control of the diseases especially when there is prolonged environmental stress in the country.
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Murray, Brad R., Andrew C. Baker, and Tessa C. Robson. "Impacts of the Replacement of Native Woodland with Exotic Pine Plantations on Leaf-Litter Invertebrate Assemblages: A Test of a Novel Framework." International Journal of Ecology 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/490395.
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We present an empirical comparison of invertebrate community structure between areas of undisturbed native eucalypt woodland and areas that have been cleared and replaced with plantations of exotic radiata pine (Pinus radiata). Implementation of a novel conceptual framework revealed that both insect (in autumn) and arachnid (in winter) assemblages demonstrated inhibition in response to the pine plantations. Species richness declines occurred in several taxonomic Orders (e.g., Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Acari) without compensated increases in other Orders in plantations. This was, however, a seasonal response, with shifts between inhibition and equivalency observed in both insects and arachnids across autumn and winter sampling periods. Equivalency responses were characterized by relatively similar levels of species richness in plantation and native habitats for several Orders (e.g., Coleoptera, Collembola, Psocoptera, Araneae). We propose testable hypotheses for the observed seasonal shifts between inhibition and equivalency that focus on diminished resource availability and the damp, moist conditions found in the plantations. Given the compelling evidence for seasonal shifts between categories, we recommend that seasonal patterns should be considered a critical component of further assemblage-level investigations of this novel framework for invasion ecology.
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Johnson, Steven E. "Forest, Regional and Sector Planning Models in New Zealand." Forestry Chronicle 62, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc62537-6.
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The New Zealand forest sector is facing an unprecedented expansion over the next 30 years, due to a radiata pine planting boom during the 1960's and 70's. Markets and processing capacity will have to be expanded to take advantage of the increases in production from exotic plantations, increases predicted to more than triple the current annual cut of about 10 million m3. This paper outlines some of the planning models that are being developed to assist New Zealand's forest sector in coping with its imminent expansion. While these models are a step in the right direction, further work is required in the planning of wood processing and marketing if New Zealand hopes to make the most of its plantation resources. Key words: New Zealand, planning models, radiata pine.
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Laflamme, G., A. A. Hopkin, and K. J. Harrison. "Status of the European race of Scleroderris canker in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74561-4.
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The European (EU) race of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet, the causal agent of scleroderris canker of conifers, is a damaging pathogen in pine forests. In North America, this disease is found in the northeastern United States and in eastern Canada. Results from surveys conducted across Canada since 1979 are updating us on where this disease is found. In Newfoundland, only the EU race has been recorded and it is restricted to the Avalon Peninsula Contrary to earlier reports in the Maritime provinces, only one pine plantation is infected by the EU race in New Brunswick. In Ontario, a total of 171 plantations are infected and they are clustered in the central portion of the southern part of the province. The number of plantations infected by the EU race in Quebec is the highest in Canada with 749 plantations. In the four provinces, the most infected species is red pine (86% of the infected plantations), followed by two exotic species, Scots pine (9.5%) and Austrian pine (3.2%). White pine and jack pine show resistance to the disease. Key words: Brunchorstia pinea, Pinus resinosa, reforestation, Scleroderris lagerbergii
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Ojo, AF, O. Kadeba, and J. Kayode. "Fluxes in litter decomposition in three selected indigenous species and teak in a converted rainforest ecosystem in southwestern Nigeria." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2012): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13069.
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The study investigated the rate of litter decomposition in three prominent litter releasing indigenous tree species in the natural rainforest and an exotic species Teak, Tectona grandis Lim., in the adjacent plantation in Akure forest reserve, southwestern Nigeria. Results showed that teak had the highest litter decomposition rate and Mansonia altissima the least. There was no relationship between the rates of decomposition among all species examined. The implication is that teak litter had the highest probability of releasing litter nutrients into the soil nutrient pool than any of the selected indigenous tree species while Mansonia altissima had the least. However all species had high decomposition rates. This implies that soil fertility will be maintained if any of the tree species were to be used for monoculture plantations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13069 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 333-338 2012
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Heryati. "Assessing Forest Plantation Productivity of Exotic and Indigenous Species on Degraded Secondary Forests." American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2011.201.208.
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Borkin, Kerry M., and Stuart Parsons. "Home range and habitat selection by a threatened bat in exotic plantation forest." Forest Ecology and Management 262, no. 5 (September 2011): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.018.
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Sheldon, Frederick H., Alison Styring, and Peter A. Hosner. "Bird species richness in a Bornean exotic tree plantation: A long-term perspective." Biological Conservation 143, no. 2 (February 2010): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.004.
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Ndangalasi, Henry J., Cristina Martínez-Garza, Tesakiah C. A. Harjo, Clayton A. Pedigo, Rebecca J. Wilson, and Norbert J. Cordeiro. "Seedling recruitment under isolated trees in a tea plantation provides a template for forest restoration in eastern Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0250859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250859.
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Natural regeneration is less expensive than tree planting, but determining what species will arrive and establish to serve as templates for tropical forest restoration remains poorly investigated in eastern Africa. This study summarises seedling recruitment under 29 isolated legacy trees (14 trees comprised of three exotic species and 15 trees comprised of seven native species) in tea plantations in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Among the findings were that pioneer recruits were very abundant whereas non-pioneers were disproportionately fewer. Importantly, 98% of all recruits were animal-dispersed. The size of legacy trees, driven mostly by the exotic Grevillea robusta, and to some extent, the native Milicia excelsa, explained abundance of recruits. The distribution of bird-dispersed recruits suggested that some bird species use all types of legacy trees equally in this fragmented landscape. In contrast, the distribution of bat-dispersed recruits provided strong evidence that seedling composition differed under native versus exotic legacy trees likely due to fruit bats showing more preference for native legacy trees. Native, as compared to exotic legacy trees, had almost two times more non-pioneer recruits, with Ficus and Milicia excelsa driving this trend. Implications of our findings regarding restoration in the tropics are numerous for the movement of native animal-dispersed tree species in fragmented and disturbed tropical forests surrounded by farmland. Isolated native trees that bear fleshy fruits can attract more frugivores, resulting not only in high recruitment under them, but depending on the dispersal mode of the legacy trees, also different suites of recruited species. When selecting tree species for plantings, to maximize visitation by different dispersal agents and to enhance seedling recruit diversity, bat-dispersed Milicia excelsa and Ficus species are recommended.
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Roques, Alain, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, and Solen Boivin. "A lack of native congeners may limit colonization of introduced conifers by indigenous insects in Europe." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-277.
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We compared the recruitment of phytophagous arthropod pests onto exotic conifers introduced in Europe without any congeners with that of exotic conifers that have native congeners. In 130 years of extensive plantation forestry in Europe, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) recruited only 87 arthropod species, i.e., only 33.9% of the number of associated arthropod species in its native range (257 spp.). Exotic species of Cupressaceae without indigenous congeners also recruited only a portion (3.4% to 57.9%) of the arthropod fauna observed in their native range. In both cases, the majority of the recruited species were polyphagous, i.e., that they can feed on plants of different families of conifers and (or) angiosperms. In contrast, exotic conifers with native congeners recruited most of the insects colonizing the native congeneric conifers. Differences in arthropod recruitment were observed according to both guild and feeding habit, with the externally feeding herbivores being dominant. Typically, the damage caused by native insects that had been recruited by exotic conifers without congeners was limited, whereas the damage caused by native insects that had been recruited by exotic conifers with congeners often led to severe outbreaks at the time the shift between hosts occurred. However, when a highly specialized exotic insect was introduced along with the host, the invasive insect tended to occupy the entire niche, causing more damage than in the original range, in the absence of natural enemies and indigenous competitors.
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Lin, H., T. J. Murray, and E. G. Mason. "Population dynamics of four insect defoliators in a dryland South Island Eucalyptus plantation." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5927.
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Exotic insect defoliators originally from Australia are present in New Zealand Eucalyptus plantations Pest outbreaks causing significant defoliation can reduce tree growth and productivity There is limited information on the population dynamics of major Eucalyptus defoliators in the South Island Populations of four defoliators were monitored monthly from November 2015 to March 2016 in a dryland Eucalyptus plantation in Marlborough by assessing 35 shoots from each of 225 trees Only one generation of Paropsis charybdis was observed Peak adult abundance was in December/January and adults disappeared in March This is different from North Island and Australian studies in which two generations are often observed Opodiphthera eucalypti had two distinct generations with larval populations peaking in December and February/March Most Phylacteophaga froggatti larvae were found after December but populations were relatively low throughout the monitoring period Strepsicrates macropetana reached peak larval abundance in February and had multiple overlapping generations These results suggest differences in the population dynamics of eucalypt defoliators in the South Island compared to those reported in the North Differences are likely due to local environmental conditions which were notably dry during this particular monitoring season These data provide important information for pest management in South Island dryland Eucalyptus plantations
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Fine, Paul V. A. "The invasibility of tropical forests by exotic plants." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 5 (August 21, 2002): 687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002456.
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Current research efforts to understand the relative invasibility of different plant communities have mostly ignored tropical forests. Only a few studies have treated invasive species in tropical forests, and recent worldwide analyses have not provided clear predictions concerning the relative invasibility of tropical forests. In this review, the extent to which exotic species have invaded tropical forests is summarized and four leading hypotheses to explain the apparently low frequency of invading plants in tropical forests are evaluated. In general, it is found that invasibility positively correlates with human disturbance, and that undisturbed tropical forests harbour few exotic species. To date, there is no evidence to attribute the low invasibility of undisturbed tropical forests to either their high species diversity or their high diversity of functional types. Instead, the low occurrence of exotic species in most tropical forests is most likely due to the fact that the great majority of exotic species that are transported to tropical countries lack specific life history traits, most importantly shade tolerance, necessary for successful invasion of undisturbed tropical forests. Unfortunately, this situation could change in the future with the expected increase in the plantation forestry of high-grade timber combined with common forestry practices that favour the cultivation of exotic species.
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Tuiwawa, Senilolia H., and Gunnar Keppel. "Species diversity, composition and the regeneration potential of native plants at the Wainiveiota Mahogany Plantation, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp12005.
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Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) plantations cover a considerable area on the south-eastern parts of Viti Levu, Fiji. The understorey of these plantations often comprise a diverse, but undocumented, assemblage of native plant species. This study investigates the diversity, composition and regeneration potential of native plant species in the Wainiveiota mahogany plantation 40?50 years after establishment. Ten 10 m x 10 m plots were alternately placed at 10 m intervals perpendicular to a 200 m line transect. A total of 491 individual plants with dbh ≥ 1 cm, comprising 69 species, 51 genera and 34 families, were sampled. In addition to the exotic mahogany, there were 68 native (39 endemic, 24 indigenous and 5 identified to genus only) species recorded. Girronniera celtidifolia Gaud., Dillenia biflora (A.Gray) Martelli ex Dur. & Jacks and Barringtonia edulis Seem. had the highest recruitment and Endospermum macrophyllum (Muell.Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. was the dominant native species. Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) was the most diverse genus and Myrtaceae the most diverse family. With 98% of the sapling recruitment consisting of native species, there is potential for re-establishment of a lowland rainforest dominated by native species over time.
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Rotarangi, Stephanie. "Plantation forest leases: experiences of New Zealand Māori." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 9 (September 2012): 1678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-113.
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Numerous scholars agree that to integrate stakeholder demands into forest management is the central challenge facing forestry science. A necessary step is to translate public views and expectations into forest management techniques. This study uses document analysis and in-depth interviews to understand the values and expectations of New Zealand’s indigenous people (Māori) who have exotic species forests planted on their ancestral land. The two case studies involve long-term forest lease arrangements where Māori families are the collective owners of the land but the forest is managed by third parties. The results suggest that the landowners’ overall view of forestry is more critically influenced by political frameworks than by forest management techniques. The structures of governance and tenure and the legislation affecting the land are viewed as complicated and constraining. However, after decades of experience, Māori have successfully incorporated plantation forests into their sense of people and place. Despite difficulties and disappointments, the land use of forestry and forest regimes are, overall, viewed favourably by the landowners, consistent with environmental considerations and their culture and values.
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Brockerhoff, E. G., H. Jactel, A. C. Leckie, and D. M. Suckling. "Species composition and abundance of leafrollers in a Canterbury pine plantation." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3924.
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Several leafroller species (Tortricidae) are known to occasionally cause considerable defoliation in Pinus radiata plantation forests We conducted pheromone trapping for five indigenous species Ctenopseustis herana Ctenopseustis obliquana Planotortrix excessana Planotortrix notophaea and Planotortrix octo and the exotic Epiphyas postvittana to determine their abundance in 20 P radiata stands in Eyrewell Forest North Canterbury Trapping from December 2001 to February 2002 indicated that E postvittana and C obliquana were very abundant (with mean catches of 077 and 044 moths/trap/day respectively) while the other species were rarely caught Results for the native leafrollers differ considerably from those reported from other plantation forests and other habitats in Canterbury such as apple orchards where P octo and C herana are generally more common
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Muñoz, Marcia C., Gustavo A. Londoño, Margarita M. Rios, and Gustavo H. Kattan. "Diet of the Cauca Guan: Exploitation of a Novel Food Source in Times of Scarcity." Condor 109, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.4.841.
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Abstract Although exotic species may have a negative impact on native organisms, they can in some cases provide abundant resources. Use of these resources may have important implications for habitat use, movement, and space requirements of native animals, and ultimately for population dynamics. We describe the diet of a population of the narrowly endemic Cauca Guan (Penelope perspicax) in the Colombian Andes. This guan demonstrates plasticity in its eating habits, feeding on an exotic tree species during periods of food scarcity. Based on direct observations and analysis of fecal samples over a one-year cycle, we found that guans fed on 89 species of fruits but also included foliage, flowers, and invertebrates in their diets. Guans fed on fruit species in proportion to their availability but favored some species with high fruit production or prolonged fruiting. Fruit availability, measured both in numbers of species and biomass, varied throughout the year, with a low in September–December. During the period of low fruit availability, guans congregated in large numbers at a Chinese ash (Fraxinus chinensis) plantation, where they fed on young leaves in large quantities. Ash was planted at this site over 40 years ago as part of a reforestation program, and plantations are invaded by native vegetation. Guans are abundant at this site, and seasonal consumption of ash foliage, a concentrated and abundant food source, may have influenced local population dynamics.
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Barbour, R. C., B. M. Potts, and R. E. Vaillancourt. "Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: crossability of native Tasmanian species with exotic E. nitens." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 5 (2005): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05021.
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Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden has been extensively introduced to the island of Tasmania for plantation purposes. Natural hybridisation with two native species has already been confirmed and this study aimed to determine which other Tasmanian native species could potentially hybridise with E. nitens. Controlled and supplementary pollinations with E. nitens pollen were undertaken on all Tasmanian native species that are potentially at risk of exotic gene flow and hence genetic pollution. Across the seven species tested by using controlled pollinations, seed set per flower, following E. nitens pollinations, was significantly less than for intraspecific outcross pollinations. No significant differences were evident in the percentage of seed that germinated or the percentage of germinants that grew into healthy seedlings in the glasshouse. Hybridity was verified by morphometric analyses and F1 hybrid seedlings were clearly differentiated from parental species and generally intermediate in morphology. Supplementary E. nitens pollination of open-pollinated native flowers was conducted to simulate natural pollination where pollen competition would occur. Seven of the fifteen species tested produced F1 hybrids in this case; however, further crossing is required to verify failed cross combinations. Although E. nitens can potentially hybridise with many native species, the results from both supplementary and controlled pollinations suggest the presence of post-pollination barriers of varying strength that need to be considered in assessing the risk of exotic gene flow from plantations.
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Mushtaq, Rafiya, Ashiq Pandit, R. H. S. Raja, M. A. Mir, M. K. Sharma, Rifat Bhat, and Jahangeer A. Baba. "Performance of exotic apple varieties grafted on M9T337 clonal rootstock under high density plantation." Indian Journal of Horticulture 76, no. 3 (2019): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2019.00084.7.
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Zabek, Magdalena A., David M. Berman, Simon P. Blomberg, Christina W. Collins, and John Wright. "Population dynamics of feral horses (Equus caballus) in an exotic coniferous plantation in Australia." Wildlife Research 43, no. 4 (2016): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15209.
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Context Understanding population dynamics of invasive species is crucial for the development of management strategies. Feral horses (Equus caballus) are a growing problem in the Tuan–Toolara State Forest (TTSF), a coniferous plantation in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Aim The population dynamics of the TTSF feral horses was not known. Therefore, the study was designed to characterise the major vital parameters of this population and, using these data, develop a long-term management plan. Methods The study was conducted over 3 years (2011–14) involving 522 individually identified horses. Foaling rates were used to calculate fecundity. Body fat distribution was estimated using body condition score (BCS), which reflects the nutritional, metabolic and general health of individual animals. Multi state mark–capture population models were used to estimate age-specific survival, and the Leslie age-structured projection matrix model was used to determine the annual rate at which the population increased. Key results The mean annual fecundity was low (0.23 ± 0.07 s.d.). The mean BCS of the population was mid-range (2.55 ± 0.51 s.d.) with adult females having lower scores than other age and gender groups. Survival estimates were consistently high (0.92–0.95) across all age groups. The average annual finite rate of population increase (λ) for the 3 years of the study was 1.09. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the population growth rate was almost seven times more sensitive to changes in adult survival compared with juvenile survival, and almost twice as sensitive to changes in fecundity. Key conclusions Population dynamics of the TTSF feral horses were comparable to other feral horse populations similarly challenged by environmental nutritional limitations. Implications Defining population dynamics of the TTSF feral horses permits the formulation of management goals that can be audited and adapted as required. The most effective strategy for controlling population growth in the TTSF would involve the continuing removal of substantial numbers of adult females or manipulation of survival and/or fecundity. As selective removal will likely alter the adult sex ratio and age structure of the population, ongoing assessment is necessary to minimise adverse welfare outcomes.
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Broeck, An Vanden, Joan Cottrell, Paul Quataert, Peter Breyne, Véronique Storme, Wout Boerjan, and Jos Van Slycken. "Paternity analysis ofPopulus nigraL. offspring in a Belgian plantation of native and exotic poplars." Annals of Forest Science 63, no. 7 (October 2006): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006060.
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Rosleine, Dian, Eizi Suzuki, Atih Sundawiati, Wardi Septiana, and Desy Ekawati. "THE EFFECT OF LAND USE HISTORY ON NATURAL FOREST REHABILITATION AT CORRIDOR AREA OF GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA INDONESIA." REINWARDTIA 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.399.
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Corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park was degraded and fragmented by human activities. However, little is known about recovery process in tropical degraded forest under different land use history. To clarifyvegetation structure and forest recovery related to land use history we placed 22 plots (11 of 10 x 10 m2 in abandoned plantation and 11 of 20 x 20 m2 in secondary forest, respectively). DCA (Detrended correspondence analysis) discriminated the plots into three community groups. Swieteniamacrophylla –Agathisdammaa community in abandoned plantation where had a land use history of clear felling.Maesopsiseminii–Cyathea spp. community had a history of severe human disturbance. Fagaceae-Schimawallichii was in less disturbed forest. Below the plantation canopy, light tolerant species, weeds, grasses, and fern of Dicranopteris linearis were dominant. Some exotic plants spread to the disturbed forest. The less disturbed forest in distant area from village remained in good condition as indicated by dominancy of old forest species. For the forest rehabilitation in severely degraded area, human intervention by planting native species can be suggested to avoid invasive species occupancy as well as accelerate forest recovery.
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Baruch, Zdravko. "What deters plant colonization in a tropical pine plantation?" Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.19632.
Full textAbstract:
<p>A forty year old <em>Pinus caribaea</em> plantation, surrounding the Universidad Simón Bolívar campus in Caracas (Venezuela), provides effective protection from erosion and mudslides. Owing primarily to past mismanagement, mainly lack of thinning, this exotic pine plantation is senescing rapidly. Assisted restoration aiming to attain a successional trajectory towards the neighbouring montane forest is the most realistic option for maintaining the plantation’s protective service and increase local biodiversity. Within the experimental constraints imposed by the small area of the plantation and its central protective role, we describe and analyse the effects of light and fertility limitation, litter accumulation and access to seed on plantation restoration. This experimental restoration trial is the first for a Neotropical pine plantation. Light availability was manipulated by clearing and thinning three 800 m<sup>2</sup> main plots. Fertilization and needle litter removal (by fire and raking) was applied to sub-plots within the light plots. Soils were analysed, microclimate was monitored and, across 4 years, stem density, species richness and basal area were tallied. Light accessibility was the main factor predicting the successional trajectory of the plots, with varying grades of interaction with the sub-treatments. By the end of the fourth year, the cleared plot showed the largest responses in all traits (three times higher stem density and basal area and up to twenty times higher species richness) as compared to the thinned and control plots. Although difficult to establish, unimpeded access to seed dispersers probably contributed to this result. The main colonizers were <em>Croton megalodendron</em>, <em>Ocotea</em> <em>fendleri</em>, and <em>Clusia spp</em>; all dominant trees in the nearby native forest. At this stage, our results permit us to recommend the use of small sized clearings, repeated in 3-4 year cycles, for similar restoration schemes. They would generate a mosaic of patches at different successional stages maintaining the protective role of the vegetation cover while increasing local biodiversity. </p>