Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exotic plantation

Academic literature on the topic 'Exotic plantation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Exotic plantation"

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Arnold, R. J., Y. J. Xie, J. Z. Luo, H. R. Wang, and S. J. Midgley. "A tale of two genera: Exotic Eucalyptus and Acacia species in China. 2. Plantation resource development." International Forestry Review 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829403441.

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In China a substantial plantation industry involving 5.4 M ha of exotic eucalypts and up to 50 000 ha of exotic acacias, has been built on a foundation of collaborative R&D sponsored by both China and Australia over the past 40 years. Germplasm derived from some of the early collaboration still provides the majority of trees deployed in current eucalypt plantations in China. But, whilst the past 2 decades has been the best of times for plantation eucalypts in China, the past decade has simultaneously been the worst of times for plantation acacias. Improved plantation productivities achieved through R&D programs coupled with innovations in processing markedly increased the profitability of young eucalypt plantations; this provided strong market pull for expansion of these plantations. For exotic acacias though, plantation areas in China have declined over the past decade. Factors that have contributed to the contrasting fates of these species in China, along with their future outlooks, are reviewed in this report.
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Curry, GN. "The Influence of Proximity of Plantation Edge on Diversity and Abundance of bird species in an exotic pine plantation in north-eastern New South Wales." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910299.

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Data were collected in summer and winter in a 15-year-old plantation of Pinus taeda, at Clouds Creek, north-eastern New South Wales. In summer, diversity and abundance of bird species declined over a distance of 900 m into the plantation. However, in winter this progressive decline in bird densities was limited to within the first 200 m of the plantation periphery. At greater distances into the plantation, the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation (including windrows) were of more importance than the proximity of the plantation edge in accounting for variations in the abundance and diversity of birds. Food for insectivorous birds (the dominant feeding guild) is probably restricted in the plantation because few local species of invertebrates are likely to be adapted to living on exotic pines; invertebrate mobility as well as abundance is probably less in winter, so that fewer invertebrates enter the plantation from adjacent native forest. Windrows are an important habitat feature contributing to the diversity and abundance of birds within plantations, probably serving as 'corridors' through the alien habitat of exotic pines, thus enabling birds to range further into plantations. For approximately 40 per cent of the plantation life cycle, the influence of proximity of plantation edge on diversity and abundance of bird species is probably of limited importance, particularly in winter. Reducing plantation size in order to increase the diversity and abundance of bird species is not realistic, because plantations would have to be very small. Instead, emphasis should be placed on increasing the structural and floristic diversity of plantations by creating a broad range of successional stages throughout the plantation complex, by enhancing the habitat value of windrows, and by retaining native vegetation within and near plantations.
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Hossain, Gazi Mosharof, and ABM Enayet Hossain. "Effect of exotic tree plantation on floristic composition and phytodiversity of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary, Bangladesh." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 19, 2016): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v3i2.28284.

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Effect of exotic tree plantation on floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary of Bangladesh was studied. A total of 309 vascular plant species under 245 genera belonging to 83 families were found to constitute the vascular flora of the studied area. The maximum number of species (298) with the highest Shannon-Weiner diversity index value (3.882±0.090) was recorded from natural forest, which was followed by 194 and 165 plant species with 3.441±0.205 and 3.398±0.103 diversity index values recorded from Tectona and Acacia plantation sites respectively. The minimum number of plant species (142) with the lowest diversity index value (2.999±0.152) was recorded from Eucalyptus plantation site. The collected data on the selected forest sites of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary showed the trends of gradual decrease in floristic composition and phytodivesity status of three plantation sites (Tectona to Acacia to Eucalyptus) in respect to natural forest, which indicated that exotic tree plantations might have negative impact on floristic composition and phytodiversity of this semi-tropical forest area and the fast-growing exotic tree plantation of Acacia and Eucalyptus should be avoided for sustainable development of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 33-47, 2014 (December)
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García, Miguel A. "The vulnerability of leaflitter ants to forest disturbances in the island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles." Novitates Caribaea, no. 13 (January 23, 2019): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33800/nc.v0i13.193.

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Reduced biodiversity and high number of endemics characterize island ecosystems. Island natives and endemics are considered more vulnerable than continental species to exotic species invasions and habitat changes. The effect of replacing a native forest by an exotic wood plantation was studied on the assemblage of native and endemic ant species. The main hypothesis was that endemic and native ant species were more vulnerable to habitat changes than the exotic ant species. Nevertheless, it was found that native ants were more numerous and specious in both native and exotic plantations. Also, high numbers of two endemic ants were detected within exotic plantations, while only one exotic ant Hypoponera opacipeps was relatively abundant, particularly on native forest. In conclusion, exotic ant species did not dominate the communities studied nor the native and endemic ant assemblages seemed to be affected negatively by the forest replacement.
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Larcombe, Matthew J., Brad M. Potts, Rebecca C. Jones, Dorothy A. Steane, João Costa E. Silva, and René E. Vaillancourt. "Managing Australia’s eucalypt gene pools: assessing the risk of exotic gene flow." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16003.

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Most eucalypts are endemic to Australia but they have been introduced into more than 100 countries and there are now over 20 million hectares of eucalypt plantations globally. These plantations are grown mainly for pulpwood but there is expanding interest in their use as a renewable source of solid wood products and energy. In Australia, the eucalypt plantation estate is nearing one million hectares, located mainly in temperate regions and dominated by Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens (subgenus Symphyomyrtus), which are grown mainly outside their natural ranges. While eucalypt species from different major subgenera do not hybridise, hybrids within subgenera are often reported, including hybrids with plantation species. Concerns were raised in the late 1990s that pollen-mediated gene flow from locally exotic plantation eucalypts may affect the integrity of adjacent native eucalypt gene pools. As Australia is the centre-of-origin of most eucalypt species used in plantations around the world, exotic gene flow is one of the many issues that require management for industry sustainability and certification purposes. We here summarise over a decade of research aimed at providing the framework and biological data to help assess and manage the risk of gene flow from these plantations into native gene pools in Australia.
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ANBARASHAN, M., A. PADMAVATHY, and R. ALEXANDAR. "Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India." Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010203.

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Anbarashan M, Padmavathy A, Alexandar R. 2017. Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India. Asian J For 1: 70-76. There exists very little information on the growth of autochthonous tree species autochthonousin the tropics and on the experiences in conducting mono and mixed species plantations. The aim of this study was to compare the variation in growth parameter between the mixed species plantation and mono species plantation. The growth, survival, and height of 82 autochthonous mixed species plantations were compared with Casuarina equisetifolia, an exotic species broadly planted in this region after over a decade (2006 to 2016). In the mixed species plantation, seven species showed 100 % survival rate and 19 species were not survived after 10-year intervals. In the mono species plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia had 92 % of the survival rate. When it is compared to the mono plantation, the growth rate of mixed species plantation showed highly significant differences (P < 0: 05) values. Simple linear regression between annual girth increment and height produced very strong positive relations (R2 0.759). Plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia seem to be well adapted to the coastal region. On the other hand, mixed plantation with autochthonous species would contribute more to sustainable management because they provide a greater range of ecological goods and ecosystem services than the single species plantations.
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Carte, Lindsey, Álvaro Hofflinger, and Molly H. Polk. "Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile." Land 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030283.

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Chile has embraced the expansion of monoculture forest plantations of exotic Monterey pine and eucalyptus as part of its development strategy. While forestry is considered financially successful and meets sustainability objectives, the increase in forest plantations across southern Chile has received harsh critiques for exacerbating conflict over Indigenous land rights, producing negative environmental outcomes, and increasing poverty and inequality. There are also claims that forest plantation expansion has led to an abandonment of the countryside. Migration is viewed as a result of the socioeconomic challenges that forest plantations produce at the local level; however, the linkages have not been explored. We examine the linkages between forest plantations and migration through two questions: Is there a relationship between forest plantation cover change and out-migration from rural areas? If so, what are the factors that explain this process? We use a difference-in-differences method analyzing panel data from the Chilean census and from CONAF, the Chilean National Forest Corporation, complemented by interviews, mapping workshops, and focus groups to answer these questions. Results indicate a statistically significant relationship between expanding forest plantations and population decline in rural areas. Qualitative data show that this expansion led to displacement of residents, declines in employment opportunities, and agriculture difficulties.
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Barbour, R. C., B. M. Potts, and R. E. Vaillancourt. "Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: exotic hybrids are establishing in the wild." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 4 (2003): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03016.

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F1 hybrids between exotic Eucalyptus nitens plantations and native E. ovata have previously been reported among seedlings grown from open-pollinated seed collected from E. ovata, on the island of Tasmania. Such exotic hybrid seedlings have now been found in the wild adjacent to plantations at three locations. The proportion of exotic hybrids in open-pollinated seed collected from nearby mature E. ovata was 5.5%. This level compares with only 0.4% for natural hybrids between native species at these sites (E. ovata, E. viminalis and E.�rodwayi). Detection of hybrids was initially based on their deviant morphology, which was generally intermediate between parental species. This subjective classification was then successfully verified by morphometric and allozyme analyses. Pure E. nitens seedlings (wildlings) were restricted to within 30 m of these plantations, whereas established hybrids were found up to 310 m from the plantations. This pattern of establishment reflects dispersal of exotic seed and pollen respectively. It is likely that the recent expansion of the eucalypt plantation estate in Australia will cause an increase in the frequency of exotic hybrids. However, the long-term impact of such hybridisation is yet to be assessed.
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Darmawan, Andy, Tri Atmowidi, Wasmen Manalu, and Bambang Suryobroto. "Land-use change on Mount Gede, Indonesia, reduced native earthworm populations and diversity." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 4 (2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17028.

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The conversion of natural forest to agroforestry plantations and annual cropping systems alters the soil habitat and food resources for biota, including earthworms. Native earthworm species may disappear whereas exotic species with greater tolerance of disturbance and less niche specialisation may thrive. The objective of the study was to compare the earthworm diversity in managed forest and agroforestry systems, which were cultivated for mixed plantation and annual crop production on Mount Gede, Indonesia. All the habitats in the study area were impacted by humans. The forest habitat was a managed forest, with a permanent tree cover, whereas mixed plantation had a partial shrub cover. Meanwhile, homogenous plantation was cultivated with annual crops. Among 3787 individuals collected during July–October 2012, five Oriental earthworm species were identified in the soil communities of Mount Gede: Drawida nepalensis, Notoscolex javanica, Pheretima pura-group, Polypheretima moelleri, and Polypheretima sempolensis. Also, 18 species were found that are reported to be non-Oriental in origin. Anthropogenic disturbance of forests on Mount Gede, due to conversion into plantations, alters the earthworm environment by increasing soil water content, temperature and total phosphorous content, while decreasing organic carbon. N. javanica was the only native species to survive this deforestation, while the exotic Ocnerodrilus occidentalis and Pontoscolex corethrurus thrived, becoming the eudominant species. From the forest area to the mixed and homogenous plantations, the predicted decreasing diversity is evidenced by the lowering trend of Shannon’s diversity index. In conclusion, the land-use change into mixed plantations and annual croplands has reduced earthworm diversity in this region of Mount Gede, Indonesia.
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Suguituru, Silvia Sayuri, Rogério Rosa Silva, Débora Rodrigues de Souza, Catarina de Bortoli Munhae, and Maria Santina de Castro Morini. "Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000100034.

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Secondary forests and exotic tree plantations are expanding across tropical landscapes. However, our current understanding of the value of these human-dominated forest landscapes for invertebrate biodiversity conservation is still very poor. In this paper, we use the leaf-litter ant fauna to assess invertebrate diversity in one commercially managed Eucalyptus plantation (four years old), two abandoned plantations of different regeneration ages (16 and 31 years), and one neighboring secondary Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. There was a clear gradient in species richness from the secondary forest to the managed Eucalyptus plantation; richness and diversity peaked in secondary forest and in the older regenerating Eucalyptus plantation. Significantly more species were recorded in secondary forest samples than in Eucalyptus plantations, but Eucalyptus plantations had a similar level of richness. Furthermore, a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed clear differences in species composition between the younger managed Eucalyptus plantation (understory absent) and habitats with sub-developed or developed understory. Eucalyptus plantations were characterized by an assemblage of widespread, generalist species very different from those known to occur in core forest habitats of southeastern Brazil. Our results indicate that while older regenerating Eucalyptus plantations can provide habitat to facilitate the persistence of generalist ant species, it is unlikely to conserve most of the primary forest species, such as specialized predators, Dacetini predators, and nomadic species.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exotic plantation"

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余銘儀 and Ming-yee Yu. "Enriching native floristic diversity in exotic tree plantation in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558113.

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Yu, Ming-yee. "Enriching native floristic diversity in exotic tree plantation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558113.

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Hung, Tun-hei, and 洪敦熹. "Native plant regeneration in exotic tree plantation in Hong Kong, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192778.

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Eivers, Rebecca. "The response of stream ecosystems to riparian buffer width and vegetative composition in exotic plantation forests." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1354.

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Riparian buffers along stream margins have been widely adopted as a management strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of plantation forestry on stream ecosystems. However, the efficacy of these riparian buffers can be jeopardised by variations in width, length, and vegetation which can range from native and exotic scrub (including bracken, gorse, broom and blackberry) to remnant beech forest. This thesis investigates the influence of riparian vegetation age and composition, on stream ecosystems within exotic pine plantations. Initially, a survey of 50 streams within pine forests of various ages and riparian composition was conducted at sites from mid-Canterbury to Hanmer Springs over the summer of 2004-2005. Additionally, terrestrial subsidies were compared between young pine, mature pine and indigenous forest streams to ascertain differences or similarities between vegetation types. A range of physico-chemical and biological characteristics were recorded, while vegetative age and composition with catchment, riparian buffer and reach scales were determined using GIS. Forestry activities were found to vary temporarily and tended to adversely impact upon streams where riparian buffers were narrow and lacked indigenous vegetation. Stream instability and sedimentation were consistently higher in catchments lacking indigenous riparian vegetation, and more markedly so in recently harvested catchments compared with more mature forests. Streams dominated by pine forests had finer substrates with higher water temperatures and levels of turbidity, while those dominated by indigenous forest had coarser substrates, higher flows and dissolved oxygen levels, and less in-stream debris. Benthic community composition was similar among sites, although taxonomic richness, EPT diversity, and invertebrate abundances were enhanced by indigenous riparian vegetation.
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Zatout, Masoud Moustafa Mohamed. "The roles of exotic and native tree species in preventing desertification and enhancing degraded land restoration in the north east of Libya : reciprocal effects of environmental factors and plantation forestry on each other, assessed by observations on growth and reproductive success of relevant tree species, and environmental factors analysed using multivariate statistics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5708.

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Today's arid and semi-arid zones of the Mediterranean are affected by desertification, resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities such as overcultivation, overgrazing and deforestation. Afforestation programs are one of the most effective means in preventing desertification. For many years Libya has had afforestation programs in order to restore degraded land and in response to rapid desert encroachment in the north east of Libya, in the area called the Jabal Akhdar (Green Mountain), which has been investigated in this study. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relative roles of exotic compared to native tree species in preventing desertification and enhancing degraded land restoration in the Jabal Akhdar. The effect of environmental factors on exotic compared to native tree species have been assessed by observations on growth and reproductive success of the species, including variables of stocking rate, trunk diameter, tree height, crown diameter, tree coverage, natural mortality, felling and seedling regeneration, as well as calculated variables, derived from these measurements. The effects of methods and age of afforestation on the promotion of biological diversity have been investigated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The effects of tree species on soil depth have also been investigated. Multivariate statistical analyses of site, species and environmental data, using both cluster analyses and factor analyses have been performed, with the aim of determining what is influencing the species, crops or differentiating between the sites, based on soil depth, angle of slope, altitude, rainfall and air temperature values. Pinus halepensis showed success in its growth and regeneration, particularly at higher altitudes and steeper slopes. Cupressus sempervirens was successful in growth and regeneration in the mountains. The exotic Eucalyptus gomphocephala was very successful in its growth, but did not regenerate well, while the exotic Acacia cyanophylla trees had a failure of both growth and regeneration. E. gomphocephala species appeared to favour relativley the flatter (non-mountain) sites, while A. Cyanophylla appeared to favour relativly the mountain sites. All the species responded positively to greater rainfall and deep soil, but they differed in where they were most likely to be successful. Environmental factors such as climate, terrain and soil are the main determinants of species distribution in the study area, in addition to their impact on the growth of the main trees. There appeared not to be any relationship between biodiversity and whether the main trees were native or exotic, and only P. halepensis showed any negative effect on the abundance of shrubs. There was greater diversity of trees and shrubs generally at the younger sites than the old sites. The present study emphasises the current mismanagement of planted forests, particularly with overgrazing contributing to desertification, through preventing tree growth and eliminating most sapling regeneration. This study concludes by making recommendations for more effective choice of tree species to plant, and for subsequent management to improve afforestation programmes in the Jabal Akhdar area.
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Walbert, Katrin. "Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with a Pinus radiata plantation in the North Island, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/658.

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Aboveground and belowground ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with different age classes of the exotic plantation species Pinus radiata were investigated over the course of two years in the North Island of New Zealand. ECM species were identified with a combined approach of morphological and molecular (restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing) analysis. ECM species richness and diversity of a nursery in Rotorua, and stands of different ages (1, 2, 8, 15 and 26 yrs of age at time of final assessment) in Kaingaroa Forest, were assessed above- and belowground; furthermore, the correlation between the above- and belowground ECM communities was assessed. It was found that the overall and stand specific species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with the exotic host tree in New Zealand were low compared to similar forests in the Northern Hemisphere but similar to other exotic plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. Over the course of this study, 18 ECM species were observed aboveground and 19 ECM species belowground. With the aid of molecular analysis the identities of Laccaria proxima and Inocybe sindonia were clarified. In the aboveground study, five species were found associated with P. radiata that were previously not reported with this host in New Zealand (Inocybe sindonia, Lactarius rufus, Lycoperdon gunii, Rhizopogon pseudoroseolus and Wilcoxina mikolae). Belowground, the species Psudotomentella sp., P. tristis, R. luteorubescens, Tomentella sp., Wilcoxina mikolae were found as new associates of P. radiata in New Zealand, additionally nine ECM types were found that could not be identified with molecular analysis. There was little correlation between the species fruiting and the species colonising root tips. Only seven species were found in common between the above- and belowground communities, furthermore the dominant species aboveground were not observed in the belowground ECM communities. The influence of host age on the above- and belowground ECM communities of different age classes of P. radiata plantations was investigated. The aboveground species richness increased from the nursery to the oldest age group investigated (26 yrs), while diversity increased to the 15 yr old age group and decreased slightly to the oldest stand. A clear sequence of ECM species changes was observed to be related to stand age with a growing complexity over the chronosequence. The belowground ECM communities showed a different picture and richness and diversity initially decreased from the nursery to the outplanting but increased thereafter. Belowground no change in ECM composition that was directly related to the age of the host was observed, but two distinct groups of ECM species were found – a 'young' and a 'plantation forest' group, with the respective discriminating species being Rhizopogon rubescens and Type unknown Basidiomycete/Amanita muscaria. Another aspect of the study was the fate of the nursery ECM species in the outplanting and the arrival of non-nursery species. The ECM communities of seedlings in the nursery were investigated in 2006 and these seedlings were followed up over eight assessments in the field for one year, furthermore data from the 1-, 2 and 8 yr old plantation stands was analysed. It was found that the nursery species do survive the first year of outplanting and are dominant in the first year. The first non-nursery species occurred six months after outplanting but was only in minor abundance. Nursery ECM were dominant for two years after the seedlings were planted, and were completely replaced after seven years. Rhizopogon rubescens was found to be the most persistent and dominant species in the outplanting, facilitating the successful establishment of the seedlings in the plantation forest.
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Lee, Elsa. "Colonization of exotic plantations by native plants and mammals in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31194783.

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Lee, Elsa, and 李詠心. "Colonization of exotic plantations by native plants and mammals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31194783.

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Zhang, Li, and n/a. "Bacterial Diversity of Australian Exotic Pine Forest Soil and Leaf Litter." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071128.094745.

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Forest plantations, widely grown for wood production, involve the selective promotion of single tree species, or replacement of natural species by exotic tree species. Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) has been chosen for reforestation of infertile sandy soils in southeast Queensland, Australia. These exotic pine plantations minimise soil and water losses, and are important scientific study sites. The soil environment of these plantations, though devoid of sufficient nutrients, oxygen and other factors, harbours innumerable bacteria that may play a crucial role in maintaining soil quality and ecosystem functions. These soil microorganisms also have the potential for use as sensitive biological indicators to reflect environmental changes. It is therefore essential to understand the interrelationships amongst bacterial communities and their environment by assessing their structural and functional diversity, and their responses to disturbances. The microbial community of an exotic pine plantation of subtropical Australia was analysed by both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. In this study, a leaf litter-soil core sample (25 cm x 40 cm) was collected from a 22-year-old slash pine plantation in southeast Queensland, Australia in October, 2003. The core sample was divided into three fractions, namely, L layer leaf litter, F layer leaf litter, and forest soil 0-10 cm. In the culture-independent study, a modified DNA extraction and purification method was used to obtain highly purified high-molecular-weight DNA. This DNA was successfully used to amplify bacterial 16S rRNA genes with universal primers Fd1 and R6, to produce products of approximately 1500 bp. PCRamplified 16S rRNA genes were subsequently cloned and a total of 194 clones from leaf litter and soil were partially sequenced (about 510 bp). The 16S rRNA gene sequences were analysed and grouped into several phylogroups (the sequences with a similarity value ¡Ý 98 % were regarded as phylogenetically similar and grouped into one phylogroup). Sequencing representatives (¡Ö 1400 nucleotides) from each phylogenetic group confirmed that five bacterial phyla were represented in the forest soil clone library. Phylum Acidobacterium was the most abundant phylogenetic group in terms of the number of clones and accounted for 42 % of all examined soil clones. The Verrucomicrobiales and Proteobacteria were the second and third most abundant phylogenetic groups found in the soil clone libraries, accounting for 12 % and 11 % of the soil clones, respectively. About 8 % of all examined soil clones were Planctomycetes and 27 % of soil clones were phylogenetically unidentified. The large amount of unclassified clone sequences could imply that novel groups of bacteria were present in the forest soil. When the two fractions of leaf litter clone libraries were compared, Firmicutes was the only phylum represented in the L layer leaf litter clone library. Similarly, Firmicutes dominated the F layer leaf litter (79 % of the library), was followed by Proteobacteria (21 %). For the culture-dependent study, a total of 21 isolates which were considered to represent 334 colonies from the leaf litter and forest soil were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, indicating that L layer leaf litter and F layer leaf litter were dominated by Firmicutes (48 %) and Proteobacteria (69 %) respectively, and 91 % of the isolates from the forest soil were Firmicutes. Using culture-independent methods, Actinobacteria appeared to be absent from the L and F layer leaf litter and forest soil samples. The results implied that either the nucleic acids of Actinobacteria were difficult to extract or Actinobacteria were over represented in the culture-dependent examinations. Phylum Acidobacteria appeared to be numerically dominant and active members in most soils. However, only one named species had been isolated from an acid mine drainage site and reported by Kishimoto and Tano (1987). Analysis by culture-dependent methods revealed a different bacterial diversity, compared to the bacterial diversity from the 16S rRNA gene clone sequences. The most significant result was the observation that, as revealed by both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, the bacterial diversity presented in the leaf litter was greatly different from the community of the soil. During the culture-dependent bacterial diversity study, four novel strains were isolated from the forest soil and leaf litter samples and complete characterisations of these novel strains were carried out. Reports on the descriptions of Bacillus decisifrondis strain E5HC-32T from forest soil and Frondicola australicus strain E1HC-02T from L layer leaf litter have been published (appendix). The information provided by assessing the microbial communities in different fractions of leaf litter and forest soil improves our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship between soil and leaf litter. It is suggested, in this study, to perform both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to characterise the bacterial structure and diversity in forest litter and soil samples, particularly in response to different forest management practices and global change. This study also provides the basis for further functional studies of the forest soil and leaf litter of exotic pine plantation in subtropical Australia.
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Deus, Ernesto José Rodrigues Cardoso. "Distribution and natural establishment of Eucalyptus globulus in the Iberian Peninsula: insights into processes affecting plant establishment." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21193.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa
Eucalypt plantations expanded across many countries and became subject to controversy, particularly about their ecological impacts and invasive potential. The same is true in the Iberian Peninsula (Iberia) regarding Eucalyptus globulus Labill. This thesis is composed by six studies (chapters) tackling poorly explored aspects in these domains, with the following objectives: a) to evaluate potential future dynamics of E. globulus plantations in Iberia according to different climate change scenarios and possible conflicts with high biodiversity areas (Chapter 1); b) to explore the influence of different factors on the natural establishment of E. globulus (Chapters 2-5); c) to perform a review of the literature investigating the natural establishment of eucalypt species (Chapter 6). In Iberia, under both climatic scenarios, the suitable range of E. globulus plantations is expected to shrink and conflicts with high biodiversity areas may aggravate (Chapter 1). A countrywide survey in Portugal to estimate E. globulus recruitment, using Google Street View, showed that recruitment is mostly influenced by climatic variables (annual precipitation and thermal amplitude) and that Google Street View is a cost-efficient alternative to car surveys (Chapter 2). Field surveys in E. globulus plantations in Central Portugal showed abundant recruitment along plantation edges, influenced by local factors such as soil cover and tree age. Wildlings, mostly adult, are spread up to 76 meters from plantations (Chapter 3). A sowing experiment using E. globulus seeds showed that germination and survival was enhanced after harrowing (Chapter 4). A seed predation experiment revealed that E. globulus seeds are highly attractive but they have escaped in many locations (Chapter 5). The literature review retrieved 37 studies, addressing 61 eucalypt species in seven countries. Key factors influencing eucalypt recruitment include fire, propagule pressure and disturbances (Chapter 6)
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Books on the topic "Exotic plantation"

1

Nair, K. S. S. Pest outbreaks in tropical forest plantations: Is there a greater risk for exotic tree species? Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 2001.

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Hazzard-Donald, Katrina. The Demise of Dr. Buzzard. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037290.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the black belt Hoodoo complex between the two world wars, with particular emphasis on the demise of Dr. Buzzard. Also known as Stepheney Robinson, Dr. Buzzard is Hoodoo's most famous conjurer. His conjure was free of exotic influences; he used only noncommercial products, he was a living link with the old plantation Hoodoo folk religion, and his life spanned Hoodoo development through several of its rapidly changing stages. This chapter discusses the diversification in spiritual merchandising in the period between World Wars I and II and how it contributed to an ever-strengthening subversion and undermining of Hoodoo's traditional old black belt practice. It also considers the impact of the medical community's attack on midwifery, Hoodoo's thriving and powerful link with the black folk medicine tradition. This period witnessed the merging of Hoodoo, dream interpretation, sign interpretation, the relationship between Hoodoo and the numbers, the rise of candle shops, and the domination of the Hoodoo marketplace by commercial sites and supply houses.
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F, Bernhard-Reversat, and Center for International Forestry Research., eds. Effect of exotic tree plantations on plant diversity and biological soil fertility in the Congo Savanna: With special reference to Eucalypts. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 2001.

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Estay, Sergio A. Forest Pest and Disease Management in Latin America: Modern Perspectives in Natural Forests and Exotic Plantations. Springer, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Exotic plantation"

1

Kadir, Wan Rasidah, O. Van Cleemput, and A. R. Zaharah. "Nutrient retranslocations during the early growth of two exotic plantation species." In Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems, 133–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03649-5_14.

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Turner, John, Stanley P. Gessel, and Marcia J. Lambert. "Sustainable management of native and exotic plantations in Australia." In Planted Forests: Contributions to the Quest for Sustainable Societies, 377–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2689-4_24.

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Zobel, Bruce J., and Johannes P. van Buijtenen. "The Effect of Provenance Variation and Exotic Plantations on Wood Properties." In Wood Variation, 33–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74069-5_2.

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Larrañaga, Aitor, Aingeru Martínez, Ricardo Albariño, J. Jesús Casas, Verónica Ferreira, and Romina Principe. "Effects of Exotic Tree Plantations on Plant Litter Decomposition in Streams." In The Ecology of Plant Litter Decomposition in Stream Ecosystems, 297–322. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72854-0_14.

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Moreno-Casasola, Patricia, M. Luisa Martínez, Gonzalo Castillo-Campos, and Adolfo Campos. "The Impacts on Natural Vegetation Following the Establishment of Exotic Casuarina Plantations." In Restoration of Coastal Dunes, 217–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33445-0_14.

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Grey, D. C. "The Geomorphic Approach to Site Delineation in Intensively Managed Exotic Conifer Plantations." In Forest site and productivity, 9–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4380-3_2.

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Stewart, Theodor J., and Alison Joubert. "Conflicts between conservation goals and land use for exotic forest plantations in South Africa." In Multicriteria Analysis for Land-Use Management, 17–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9058-7_2.

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Berndt, Lisa A., Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, and Hervé Jactel. "Relevance of exotic pine plantations as a surrogate habitat for ground beetles (Carabidae) where native forest is rare." In Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, 247–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2807-5_13.

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Wingfield, M. J. "PATHOLOGY | Disease Affecting Exotic Plantation Species." In Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences, 816–22. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-145160-7/00062-4.

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Montagnini, Florencia. "Nutrient Considerations in the Use of Silviculture for Land Development and Rehabilitation in the Amazon." In The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0010.

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Tropical plantations serve diverse economic, social, political, and ecological functions. With considerably higher yields than managed native forests, tropical and subtropical plantations make substantial contributions to world timber and pulp production (Wadsworth 1983, Evans 1992). Tree plantations can also be a source of cash, savings, and insurance for individual farmers. Plantations may help stabilize rural populations in regions where shifting agriculture is the predominant land use. In combination with subsistence and commercial crops (agroforestry) or cattle (agrosilvopastoral systems), plantations have been used as tools in rural development projects worldwide. Plantations are often seen as alternatives to deforestation as they can provide products that otherwise would be taken from natural forests (Fearnside 1990, McNabb et al. 1994). Nutrient cycling characteristics of tropical plantations differ from those of natural forests in a number of ways. Natural forests are adapted to ecological niches by intricate and effective physiological adaptations of growth in the environment (see Cuevas, this volume). Instead, tropical plantations are simplified, generally monospecific ecosystems that occupy the site for a limited period of time that can range from 4-12 years (for biomass, pulpwood, or fuelwood) up to 20-40 years (timber). In many instances plantations are composed of species that are exotic to the region, or even when indigenous, are new to the particular plantation site. Since plantation tree species have been generally selected for production of timber or other aboveground tree parts, they tend to maintain a smaller fraction of total tree biomass nutrients in roots than natural forests (Vogt et al. 1997). In rain forests growing on poor soils, high tree productivity is in part due to the existence of important nutrient conserving mechanisms mediated by the root system (Cuevas, this volume). The smaller biomass of plantation root systems may thus make them more susceptible to nutrient and water stress. Smaller root systems may also make plantation forests more susceptible to disturbances from strong winds and pathogens that attack aerial parts (Vogt et al. 1997). Nutrient demands by plantation trees vary from season to season and with the developmental age of the stand (Drechsel and Zech 1993). During the life of the plantation, large quantities of nutrients are returned to the soil by above- and belowground litter, harvest residues, stem flow, and throughfall.
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