Relevant bibliographies by topics / Existing Reinforced Concrete

Academic literature on the topic 'Existing Reinforced Concrete'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Existing Reinforced Concrete"

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Patil, K. S., and S. S. Dhanaji. "Retrofitting Strategies For Earthquake Safe Existing Reinforced Concrete Building: an Overview." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 452–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/56866.

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An, Xin Zheng, Cheng Yi, and Rui Xue Du. "Performance Deterioration Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1367.

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The analyses of concrete from a bridge in Handan district shows that most bridges concrete should have cracked. The study of the technical measures against the performance deterioration of existing reinforced concrete bridges will undoubtedly become an imperative issue. In recent years, lots of bridges have been built in Handan. We choose a reinforced concrete bridge to investigate the effect of the effective member stiffness degradation and durability degradation induced by vehicle overload, vehicle overflow, rebar corrosion, and concrete deterioration on highway reinforced concrete bridges. And Static loading test was conducted at its middle span. Based on the test data in different circumstances, the seriousness of vehicle overload is discussed. In consequence, the performance of highway reinforced concrete bridges on stiffness degradation and durability degradation is more serious compared with the bridge under the condition of non-overloading. The results show that the process of rebar corrosion in highway reinforced concrete bridges is sped up under the condition of vehicle overload and vehicle overflow on the highway reinforced concrete bridges, which decreases the durability of the bridge structure, and the speed of the durability degradation increases as time goes on. The paper conclusion is instructive for the construction and maintenance of bridge.
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Wang, Chung Sheng, Xiao Hong Dong, Wen Hui Miao, and Gan Li. "Fatigue Safety Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 413-414 (June 2009): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.413-414.749.

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Generally, fatigue has not been considered as a key problem in the design of reinforced concrete bridges. Until the 1960s, reinforcement was mild steel and the stresses permitted in the steel bar and the concrete were such that fatigue and fracture failure was believed to be impossible. With the developments of reinforced concrete structures, higher working stresses were permitted and, in particular, high yield reinforcing bars were introduced. Design rules were issued to control cracking and to prohibit welding of reinforcement unless the risk of fatigue was negligible. In recent years, great deals of researches have been carried out, leading to a better understanding of the fatigue behaviors in concrete structures. Some studies showed that fatigue could occur in reinforced concrete structures in combination with other causes of deterioration. In the past eight years, considerable increases in traffic intensity and wheel loads have caused obviously fatigue damage in reinforced concrete structures in China. Some reinforced concrete bridges were damaged seriously, leading to the whole bridge collapse sometimes because of overloading and oversize trucks. So how to evaluate the fatigue safety of existing reinforced concrete bridges is an urgent problem in China. In the current paper, the assessment models of existing reinforced concrete bridges based on S-N curve and fracture mechanics approach were proposed considering the effect of overloading and oversize trucks. Finally the assessment method based on S-N curve and in-situ monitoring data was applied to a case study bridge.
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Elwood, Kenneth J. "Modelling failures in existing reinforced concrete columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2004): 846–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-040.

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Experimental research and post-earthquake reconnaissance have demonstrated that reinforced concrete columns with light or widely spaced transverse reinforcement are vulnerable to shear failure, and in turn, axial failure during earthquakes. Based on experimental data, failure surfaces have been used to define the onset of shear and axial failure for such columns. After the response of the column intersects the failure surface, the shear or axial strength of the column begins to degrade. This paper introduces a uniaxial material model that incorporates the failure surfaces and the subsequent strength degradation. When used in series with a beam-column element, the uniaxial material model can adequately capture the response of reinforced concrete columns during shear and axial load failure. The performance of the analytical model is compared with results from shake table tests.Key words: shear failure, axial failure, beam-column elements, failure surface, earthquakes, reinforced concrete, columns, collapse, structural analysis.
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Travush, Vladimir, and Vasily Murashkin. "CONCRETE DEFORMATION MODEL FOR RECONSTRUCTED REINFORCED CONCRETE." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 18, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2022-18-4-132-137.

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During the reconstruction, or upon expiration of the service life, as well as after external impact, reinforced concrete structures require examination and verification calculations. Existing diagrams of concrete deformation are focused on designing new structures and are not adapted to the concretes of the reconstructed structures. Using the world experience in describing alloy deformation, the concrete deformation model based on using the Arrhenius equation is proposed in this article. A technique for creating an individual deformations model during the reconstruction is demonstrated on a specific example. The physical meaning of the coefficients used in the proposed model is illustrated. Examples confirming the adequacy of the proposed concrete deformations model during the reconstruction are given.
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Peng, Wei, Wen Ya Ye, Jia Jia, Zhao Hui Lu, and Hai Tao Hou. "Reliability Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1687.

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A finite element model of an existing reinforced concrete arch bridge was established. The reliability index was investigated based on the PDF module in ANSYS software. Taking the maximum concrete stress and tendon stress as limit state, the limit state functions of main arch, upright column and deck are established respectively. There are taken as series system to study the bridge system reliability according to the structural characteristics of reinforced concrete arch bridge. The lowest reliability index superstructure is selected as the whole structure reliability index. Based on JC method and made-up MATLAB program, the reliability index of the example bridge is calculated.
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Lynn, Abraham C., Jack P. Moehle, Stephen A. Mahin, and William T. Holmes. "Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Building Columns." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 4 (November 1996): 715–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585907.

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Past earthquakes have emphasized the vulnerability of reinforced concrete columns having details typical of those built before the mid-1970's. These columns are susceptible to axial-flexural, shear, and bond failures, which subsequently may lead to severe damage or collapse of the building. Research was undertaken to investigate the lateral and vertical load-resisting behavior of reinforced concrete columns typical of pre-1970's construction. Eight full-scale specimens were constructed and were loaded with constant axial load and increasing cyclic lateral displacement increments until failure. Test data are presented and compared with behavior estimated by using various evaluation methods.
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Han, Jian Qiang, Peng Cheng Dong, and Yan Rong Zhang. "Durability Testing of the Existing Reinforced Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.884.

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The ability to structure durability refers to the concrete structure in the natural environment, the role of the environment and material internal factors in the design requirements of the target period do not need to spend a lot of money reinforcement processing to maintain its safety, function and appearance requirements. . With the continuous development and transformation of China’s urban scale, a large number of existing structures by the post-test, further reinforcement of the design and reconstruction of this paper, the actual project to detect and evaluate the durability of reinforced concrete structures, reinforcement of existing buildings in the future and the transformation of the former’s identification with a certain reference value.
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GHOBARAH, A., N. M. ALY, and M. EL-ATTAR. "SEISMIC RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2, no. 4 (October 1998): 569–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469809350335.

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Schläfli, Max, and Eugen Brühwiler. "Fatigue of existing reinforced concrete bridge deck slabs." Engineering Structures 20, no. 11 (November 1998): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(97)00194-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Existing Reinforced Concrete"

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Paschalis, Spyridon A. "Strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures using ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2017. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c07ce9c7-5880-4108-a0f2-68bf6ea50dd5.

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Most of the new Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures which are built nowadays have a high safety level. Nevertheless, we cannot claim the same for structures built in the past. Many of these were designed without any regulations, or are based on those which have proved to be inadequate. Additionally, it seems that many old structures have reached the end of their service life and, in many cases, were designed to carry loads significantly lower than the current needs specify. Therefore, the structural evaluation and intervention are considered necessary, so they can meet the same requirements as the structures which are built today. Existing techniques for the strengthening and retrofitting of RC structures present crucial disadvantages which are mainly related to the ease of application, the high cost, the time it takes to be applied, the relocation of the tenants during the application of the technique and the poor performance. Research is now focused on new techniques which combine strength, cost effectiveness and ease of application. The superior mechanical properties of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) compared to conventional concrete, together with the ease of preparation and application of the material, make the application of UHPFRC in the field of strengthening of RC structures attractive. The present research aims to investigate the effectiveness of UHPFRC as a strengthening material, and to examine if the material is able to increase the load carrying capacity of existing RC elements. This has been achieved through an extensive experimental and numerical investigation. The first part of the present research is focused on the experimental investigation of the properties of the material which are missing from the literature and the development of a mixture design which can be used for strengthening applications. The second part is focused on the realistic application of the material for the strengthening of existing RC elements using different strengthening configurations. Finally, in the last part, certain significant parameters of the examined technique, which are mainly related to the design of the technique, are investigated numerically. From the experimental and numerical investigation of the present research it was clear that UHPFRC is a material with enhanced properties and the strengthening with UHPFRC is a well promising technique. Therefore, in all the examined cases, the performance of the strengthened elements was improved. Finally, an important finding of the present research was that the bonding between UHPFRC and concrete is effective with low values of slip at the interface.
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Oliveira, João Mário Dias de. "Seismic assessment of existing reinforced concrete buildings." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11661.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
This dissertation aims to the discussion and application of tools and processes which allows to assess the non-linear behaviour of a reinforced concrete structure. When a numerous amount of buildings was built in concrete, in a period when the regulations did not have the design philosophy for the occurrence of earthquakes, it is important to carry out full and e ective structural assessments. Among several possibilities to make the evaluation as, simpli ed, linear analysis and static non-linear analysis, the non-linear dynamic can provide the most approximate numerical behaviour compared to the real one. With the potentialities of the computers, it is possible to run the analysis with this complex simulation using dynamic excitations of real earthquakes. It is made a historical reference of numerical models which simulates the behaviour of materials, and the ones integrated on the analysis are further explored. Is presented the study cases, its assumptions and some procedures that should be applied in structural modelling. The discussion is divided in two groups. On the rst the global analysis is discussed in terms of global behaviour, deformations and progression of forces, and on the second group is referred to the local assessment of structural elements. The local analysis has some comparisons between di erent interpretations of the code and also regarding the Italian code. Is analysed the bond-slip mechanism due to the smooth bars in some elements, which better simulates the global response of the structures.
A presente dissertação visa a discussão e aplicação de ferramentas e processos de veri cação que permitam analisar o comportamento não linear de estruturas em betão armado. Existem actualmente inúmeros edifícios em betão armado, construídos num período em que os regulamentos não previam a ocorrência de sismos, é importante proceder a avaliações estruturais completas e e cazes. Entre várias possibilidades para fazer a avaliação, como simpli cadas, aná- lises lineares, análises estátiocas não-lineares, é a análise dinâmica não-linear que mais aproxima o comportamento numérico ao real. Com as potencialidades numéricas permitidas pelos computadores, é possível prever esse complexo comportamento onde podem ser simuladas excitações dinâmicas de sismos reais. É feita uma referência histórica de modelos numéricos que simulam o comportamento dos materiais, aprofundando os que são integrados na análise. São apresentados os casos de estudo, os pressupostos e alguns procedimentos que devem ser aplicados na modelação estrutural. A discussão dos resultados é separada em dois grupos. No primeiro é feita uma análise global onde se discute o comportamento global, deformações e progressão de forças, e no segundo uma análise local dos elementos estruturais. A análise local é acompanhada de algumas comparações entre diferentes interpretações do código europeu e entre o código italiano. São analisados alguns elementos em relação ao deslize da armadura lisa, representando melhor a resposta das estruturas.
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BOY, SERPIL. "RETROFIT OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078508332.

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Youssef, Maged Ali. "Modeling of existing and rehabilitated reinforced concrete buildings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0035/NQ66299.pdf.

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Biddah, Ashraf Mahmoud Samy. "Seismic behaviour of existing and rehabilitated reinforced concrete frame connections." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ30074.pdf.

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Yalcin, Cem. "Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing reinforced concrete bridge columns." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8902.

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Bridges like other important lifeline structures must remain in service when they are subjected to strong earthquakes. Many existing bridges, especially those built before the 1970s, are vulnerable to seismic damage since a number of deficiencies with regard to low design force levels, inadequate column confinement and lack of shear capacity were discovered during recent earthquakes. Bridge columns are expected to withstand seismically induced inertia forces without a significant loss of strength. This can be achieved in old columns through external retrofitting. Many reinforced concrete bridge columns in California were already retrofitted with steel jackets to enhance flexural ductility and shear resistance. Although this retrofitting technique is highly effective, it is also time consuming and costly, especially in view of the fact that high number of columns are yet to be retrofitted. Therefore, a new retrofitting technique has been developed through experimental research that involves external prestressing of bridge columns for improved deformability and shear strength. The supporting experimental work involved testing of 1485 mm high two 550 mm square and five 610 mm diameter circular cantilever columns. The columns were retrofitted with post-tensioned external hoops and high-strength steel straps at different spacing and stress levels. The results indicated that transverse prestressing of shear-dominant columns improved ductility and changed the mode of behavior from a brittle shear response to a ductile flexural behavior. The research project also included analysis of columns to establish lateral drift demands and capacities for bridge columns in Canada. A comprehensive survey of existing bridges in Canada was conducted to identify and classify common types of existing bridges in terms of their numbers, types, age, and structural and geometric properties. This information proved to be helpful in establishing column drift capacities and demands. A computer software DRAIN-RC, developed for non-linear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete structures, was used to determine the drift demands of columns under various ground motions. Drift capacities were computed by a computer program COLA, developed by the author. The program COLA uses proper material models such as confinement of core concrete, extension of longitudinal reinforcement in tension, and buckling of re-bars in compression. The decision for retrofitting depended on the capacity of a column when demand exceeded its capacity.
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Bayani, Keivani Shahram. "Seismic evaluation of existing reinforced concrete bridges in Ottawa region." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26357.

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Many existing bridges, especially those built before 1970, were designed with minimum or no seismic considerations. Past experience has shown that such bridges are very vulnerable when subjected to moderate and strong earthquake motions. This was illustrated during the 1989 Loma Prieta, the 1994 Northridge, and the 1995 Kobe earthquakes, when many existing bridge collapsed or were severely damaged. Such a poor performance of the bridges was attributed primarily to the fact that the seismic effects were underestimated in the pre-1970's design practice. In Ottawa region, a great expansion of highway bridges occurred in the 1950's to 1970's, before modern bridge design codes were developed. Statistics show that the number of existing bridges designed according to substandard seismic codes is significantly larger than the number of new, well-designed bridges. Given this, it is essential to develop methods for evaluation and retrofit of existing bridges in order to reduce the risk from seismic actions. In this study, seismic evaluation was conducted to eight bridges located in the Ottawa region and designed according to the pre-1970's bridge codes. In addition, one new bridge, built 1994, was analyzed and was used as a reference case for comparing the performance of older and new bridges. Inelastic models were developed for each bridge and nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted by using excitation motions compatible with the design spectrum for Ottawa, prescribed by the latest Canadian national code for bridge design. The performance of the bridges was assessed by analyzing the responses represented by curvature ductilities, shear demands, and lateral drifts. The results indicated that the performance of most of the selected bridges is acceptable for the seismic excitations used in this study.
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Yalçin, Cem. "Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing reinforced concrete bridge columns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/NQ46554.pdf.

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Lu, Ruodan. "Automated generation of geometric digital twins of existing reinforced concrete bridges." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289430.

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The cost and effort of modelling existing bridges from point clouds currently outweighs the perceived benefits of the resulting model. The time required for generating a geometric Bridge Information Model, a holistic data model which has recently become known as a "Digital Twin", of an existing bridge from Point Cloud Data is roughly ten times greater than laser scanning it. There is a pressing need to automate this process. This is particularly true for the highway infrastructure sector because Bridge Digital Twin Generation is an efficient means for documenting bridge condition data. Based on a two-year inspection cycle, there is a need for at least 315,000 bridge inspections per annum across the United States and the United Kingdom. This explains why there is a huge market demand for less labour-intensive bridge documentation techniques that can efficiently boost bridge management productivity. Previous research has achieved the automatic generation of surface primitives combined with rule-based classification to create labelled cuboids and cylinders from point clouds. While existing methods work well in synthetic datasets or simplified cases, they encounter huge challenges when dealing with real-world bridge point clouds, which are often unevenly distributed and suffer from occlusions. In addition, real bridge topology is much more complicated than idealized cases. Real bridge geometries are defined with curved horizontal alignments, and varying vertical elevations and cross-sections. These characteristics increase the modelling difficulties, which is why none of the existing methods can handle reliably. The objective of this PhD research is to devise, implement, and benchmark a novel framework that can reasonably generate labelled geometric object models of constructed bridges comprising concrete elements in an established data format (i.e. Industry Foundation Classes). This objective is achieved by answering the following research questions: (1) how to effectively detect reinforced concrete bridge components in Point Cloud Data? And (2) how to effectively fit 3D solid models in the format of Industry Foundation Classes to the detected point clusters? The proposed framework employs bridge engineering knowledge that mimics the intelligence of human modellers to detect and model reinforced concrete bridge objects in point clouds. This framework directly extracts structural bridge components and then models them without generating low-level shape primitives. Experimental results suggest that the proposed framework can perform quickly and reliably with complex and incomplete real-world bridge point clouds encounter occlusions and unevenly distributed points. The results of experiments on ten real-world bridge point clouds indicate that the framework achieves an overall micro-average detection F1-score of 98.4%, an average modelling accuracy of (C2C) ̅_Auto 7.05 cm, and the average modelling time of merely 37.8 seconds. Compared to the laborious and time-consuming manual practice, the proposed framework can realize a direct time-savings of 95.8%. This is the first framework of its kind to achieve such high and reliable performance of geometric digital twin generation of existing bridges. Contributions. This PhD research provides the unprecedented ability to rapidly model geometric bridge concrete elements, based on quantitative measurements. This is a huge leap over the current practice of Bridge Digital Twin Generation, which performs this operation manually. The presented research activities will create the foundations for generating meaningful digital twins of existing bridges that can be used over the whole lifecycle of a bridge. As a result, the knowledge created in this PhD research will enable the future development of novel, automated applications for real-time condition assessment and retrofit engineering.
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Morbin, Riccardo. "Strategies for Seismic Assessment of Common Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges Typologies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368824.

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This study concerns a new probabilistic framework to evaluate road/railway bridges after an earthquake by means of analytical fragility curves and inspections on the structure. In particular, the assessment is performed on existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridges with a common structural scheme in Italy (multi-span simply supported girder bridges). The framework is set up of 6 steps and each step is investigated. Steps 1 and 2 are a sort of preliminary work before the seismic event occurs: the creation of a database to collect all information about bridges in specific road/railway networks (step 1) and the generation of fragility curves for each bridge (step 2): fragility curves are instruments describing the probability of a structure being damaged beyond a specific damage state for various levels of ground shaking. Since step 2 is a crucial step for the outcomes of the framework, a wide investigation on the generation of fragility curves is presented, considering bridges located in strategic road network points in Veneto region (North-Eastern Italy) and different numerical modellings, in order to evaluate the best seismic vulnerability assessment. Moreover, particular attention is given to retrofit interventions by means of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) and their effect on bridge seismic vulnerability reduction. The other steps concern activities to carry out after a seismic event, useful for emergency and post-emergency phases. Step 3 regards a method to decide if inspections on bridge are needed in relation to the occurred earthquake seismic intensity; if the seismic intensity measure reaches a specific threshold, step 4 suggests how to perform visual inspections on bridges, under a probabilistic point of view, and to generate the damaged bridge fragility curves. After that, the last two steps try to give useful information to Institution and owners of bridges in order to reach an optimal road/railway network management in post-earthquake phases. Step 5 concerns a quick procedure to decide whether or not allowing traffic over damaged bridges, whereas step 6 gives information about economical benefits coming from a comparison between replace costs and retrofitting costs (considering FRP retrofitting interventions) of damaged bridges. In order to clarify the framework procedure, an example for each step is developed.
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Books on the topic "Existing Reinforced Concrete"

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International Conference of Building Officials., ed. Guidelines for seismic retrofit of existing buildings. Whittier, Calif: International Conference of Building Officials, 2001.

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National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Maintenance and rehabilitation considerations for corrosion control of existing steel reinforced concrete structures. Houston: NACE, 1990.

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National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Maintenance and rehabilitation consid erations for corrosion control of existing steel reinforced concrete structures. Houston: National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1990.

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Sohanghpurwala, Ali Akbar. Cathodic protection for life extension of existing reinforced concrete bridge elements. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2009.

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Sohanghpurwala, Ali Akbar. Cathodic Protection for Life Extension of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Elements. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/14292.

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béton, Fédération internationale du, ed. Monitoring and safety evaluation of existing concrete structures: State-of-art report. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2003.

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Hussain, Raja Rizwan, Muhammad Wasim, and Saeed Hasan. Computer Aided Seismic and Fire Retrofitting Analysis of Existing High Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7297-6.

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Moehle, Jack P. Review of seismic research results on existing buildings: Product 3.1 of the Proposition 122 Seismic Retrofit Practices Improvement Program. Sacramento: California Seismic Safety Commission, 1994.

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Park, R. Strengthening and/or repair of existing reinforced concrete columns: Final report to the Earthquake and War Damage Commission on the research project 91/15. [New Zealand]: University of Canterbury, 1993.

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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.

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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre rein­forced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining com­ponents.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increas­ingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Book chapters on the topic "Existing Reinforced Concrete"

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Chess, Paul M. "Defects with Existing Standards." In Cathodic Protection for Reinforced Concrete Structures, 87–98. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045834-7.

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Saatcioglu, Murat. "Seismic Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Structures." In Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 457–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_21.

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Erduran, Emrah, and Ahmet Yakut. "Parameters Affecting Damageability of Reinforced Concrete Members." In Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 59–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_5.

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Yucemen, M. S., and A. Askan. "Estimation of Earthquake Damage Probabilities for Reinforced Concrete Buildings." In Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 149–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_9.

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Němeček, Jiří, and Yunping Xi. "Electrochemical Injection of Nanoparticles into Existing Reinforced Concrete Structures." In Nanotechnology in Construction, 213–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17088-6_27.

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Ozcebe, G., M. S. Yucemen, V. Aydogan, and A. Yakut. "Preliminary Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Turkey." In Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 29–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_3.

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Yakut, A., V. Aydogan, G. Ozcebe, and M. S. Yucemen. "Preliminary Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Turkey." In Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, 43–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0021-5_4.

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Dritsos, Stephanos, and Dimitrios Baros. "Modification and Strengthening of a Characteristic Reinforced Concrete Building in Patras, Greece." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 21–41. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.021.

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<p>The design and application of strengthening measures aiming to effectively counter possible weaknesses related to the extensive architectural modification of a characteristic reinforced concrete building is discussed in this chapter. Several balconies were removed as part of the architectural interventions. Externally bonded reinforcement consisting of steel and fibre reinforced polymer laminates was applied as an “answer” to possible changes in flexural stress of selected structural elements in the immediate area of the demolitions. A unique anchorage system was also designed and applied as an answer to the loss of development length of the main reinforcement bars of selected beams due to the removal of their cantilever parts.</p>
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Lu, Jin Ping, and Sook Fun Wong. "Improvement Works to Existing Column Stumps by Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Strengthening System." In International Congress on Polymers in Concrete (ICPIC 2018), 735–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78175-4_94.

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Giarlelis, Christos, Evlalia Lamprinou, and Constantinos Repapis. "Seismic Rehabilitation of a School Building in Cephalonia, Greece." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 1–20. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.001.

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<p>The 2014 earthquake sequence in Cephalonia, Greece, resulted in a number of structural failures. In Argostoli, the capital of the island, a school building suffered light damage; however, the structural assessment following the analysis procedures of the recently published Greek Code for Structural Interventions, showed that seismic strengthening is required. The structure was built on the aftermath of the catastrophic 1953 Ionian earthquake sequence based on older code requirements, which are much outdated, as indicated from the results of both modal response spectrum analyses and non-linear static analyses. The retrofit aims to increase the very low structural capacity of the building and as a means for that the use of concrete jackets is selected. Based on the results of the assessment, it was decided that concrete jackets should be applied to all columns, while large structural walls running along the transversal direction were strengthened with single-sided reinforced concrete jacketing. The interventions are limited by architectural demands and cost considerations. However, analyses of the strengthened structure show that the interventions improve its seismic behaviour adequately. The detailing of interventions is thoroughly presented. What makes this case study interesting is the unusual structural system of the building, which is an ingenious combination of frame elements and lightly reinforced concrete walls and its behaviour to one of the strongest recent Greek earthquakes. The rehabilitation study had to model correctly the structure and propose interventions that were in agreement with the architectural demands and the cost consideration.</p>
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Conference papers on the topic "Existing Reinforced Concrete"

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Waghmare, Ambadas, and Ananth Ramaswamy. "Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1419.

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<p>Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete elements is the focus of the present study. A concrete damage plasticity model available in Abaqus commercial software has been modified using user defined modules to include the concrete stiffness degradation and growth in the Poisson’s ratio in plain concrete with increase in compressive strain. In reinforced concrete the degradation of cracked concrete in compression, tension stiffening effects and bond slip have been considered to enhance the prediction of responses observed in reinforced concrete elements under various loadings. The model predicts the salient features of multiaxial response observed in experiments on plain and reinforced concrete elements subjected to various loads.</p>
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"Strength Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Structure." In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Energy and Manufacturing Engineering. International Institute of Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e0115011.

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Wang, Y. Z., T. Q. He, S. Liu, and Y. Y. Sun. "Condition Assessment for Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges." In 11th Biennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40988(323)66.

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"Modeling Parameters for Reinforced Concrete Slab-Column Connections." In SP-297: Seismic Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. American Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51686902.

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"Towards an Accurate Determination of Collapse Vulnerable Reinforced Concrete Buildings." In SP-297: Seismic Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. American Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51686907.

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"Nonlinear Modeling Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Concrete Columns." In SP-297: Seismic Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. American Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51686898.

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""Collapse Assessment of Non-Ductile, Retrofitted and Ductile Reinforced Concrete Frames"." In SP-297: Seismic Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. American Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51686905.

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"Analysis of Seismic Response of Masonry&#8208;Infilled RC Frames through Collapse." In SP-297: Seismic Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. American Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51686904.

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"Assessment of ASCE/SEI 41 Concrete Column Provisions using Shaking Table Tests." In SP-297: Seismic Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. American Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51686899.

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"Numerical Models for Beam&#8208;Column Joints in Reinforced Concrete Building Frames." In SP-297: Seismic Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. American Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51686900.

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Reports on the topic "Existing Reinforced Concrete"

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Sattar, Siamak. Benchmarking Evaluation Methodologies for Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.22-032.

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Sattar, Siamak. Benchmarking Evaluation Methodologies for Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.22-917-50.

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Bell, Matthew, Rob Ament, Damon Fick, and Marcel Huijser. Improving Connectivity: Innovative Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Structures for Wildlife, Bicyclists, and/or Pedestrians. Nevada Department of Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.09.

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Engineers and ecologists continue to explore new methods and adapt existing techniques to improve highway mitigation measures that increase motorist safety and conserve wildlife species. Crossing structures, overpasses and underpasses, combined with fences, are some of the most highly effective mitigation measures employed around the world to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals, increase motorist safety, and maintain habitat connectivity across transportation networks for many other types and sizes of wildlife. Published research on structural designs and materials for wildlife crossings is limited and suggests relatively little innovation has occurred. Wildlife crossing structures for large mammals are crucial for many highway mitigation strategies, so there is a need for new, resourceful, and innovative techniques to construct these structures. This report explored the promising application of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to a wildlife crossing using an overpass. The use of FRP composites has increased due to their high strength and light weight characteristics, long service life, and low maintenance costs. They are highly customizable in shape and geometry and the materials used (e.g., resins and fibers) in their manufacture. This project explored what is known about FRP bridge structures and what commercial materials are available in North America that can be adapted for use in a wildlife crossing using an overpass structure. A 12-mile section of US Highway 97 (US-97) in Siskiyou County, California was selected as the design location. Working with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), a site was selected for the FRP overpass design where it would help reduce WVCs and provide habitat connectivity. The benefits of a variety of FRP materials have been incorporated into the US-97 crossing design, including in the superstructure, concrete reinforcement, fencing, and light/sound barriers on the overpass. Working with Caltrans helped identify the challenges and limitations of using FRP materials for bridge construction in California. The design was used to evaluate the life cycle costs (LCCs) of using FRP materials for wildlife infrastructure compared to traditional materials (e.g., concrete, steel, and wood). The preliminary design of an FRP wildlife overpass at the US-97 site provides an example of a feasible, efficient, and constructible alternative to the use of conventional steel and concrete materials. The LCC analysis indicated the preliminary design using FRP materials could be more cost effective over a 100-year service life than ones using traditional materials.
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