Journal articles on the topic 'Existentialism'
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1
MANDRYSHCHUK, Larysa. "KARL JASPERS’ СRITIQUE OF EXISTENTIALISM. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENCE AND EXISTENTIALISM." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 4 (December 21, 2023): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2023.04.125.
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In a non-German-speaking environment is Jaspers sometimes mistakenly called as an existentialist. But Jaspers saw himself as a philosopher of existence, and he sharply criticized existentialism. This error arose because of confusion in the translations of the names Existenzphilosophie and Existentialismus from German into other languages. The difference between these terms was actively discussed immediately after Sartre’s lecture on humanism, in which Sartre, as he thought, announced a new direction in philosophy — existentialism (Existentialisme), to which he also included Jaspers as a religious member of this direction. The purpose of paper is to investigate and analyze Jaspers’ criticism of existentialism and his rejection of it. Because long before Sart re’s lecture, Jaspers wrote about the false philosophical method of the investigation of human being as opposed to the true way — the elucidation of existence (Existenzerhellung), and also noted that he created a new word to denote this false method — existentialism (Existentialismus). While Jaspers understood the elucidation of existence as self-reflection and self-experience, which deepen in the experiences of boundary situations (Grenzsituationen), he considers existentialism as the knowledge of human being as a certain object among other objects. Already later — after Sartre’s lecture — Jaspers began to criticize existentialism as a direction that arose under the influence of the philosophy of existence and as its decline. Jaspers connected existentialism mainly with Sartre and outlined the main grounds of his criticism: existentialism is based on bare abstraction and Sartre’s main slogan — existence (of personality) precedes essence — is an evidence of this; existentialism uses a certain poetic vagueness of some statements, and is an attempt to overcome nihilism through nihilism itself; this philosophy denies the existence of any transcendent basis of human and world. For these reasons, Jaspers rejected existentialism, which is fundamentally different from the philosophy of existence.
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John Michael Sasan. "Existentialism and Its Influence on Our Understanding of Knowledge, Truth, Morality, Values, and Religion." European Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/ejlhss.v1i1.11.
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Existentialism is a philosophical movement that has had a significant impact on our understanding of knowledge, truth, morality, values, and religion. This research aims to explore the influence of existentialism on these fundamental aspects of human existence. The research methodology involved an extensive review of literature from prominent existentialist philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche. The findings of this research highlight that existentialism challenges the traditional view of objective truth and knowledge, emphasizing the subjective and personal experience of individuals. Furthermore, existentialism posits that individuals must create their own values and meaning in life, rather than relying on external sources such as religion or society. In terms of morality, existentialism emphasizes the individual's responsibility for their actions, as opposed to being governed by universal ethical principles. The limitations of this research include the focus on Western existentialist philosophy, neglecting other cultural and philosophical traditions. The contribution of this research is that it sheds light on the influence of existentialism on various aspects of human existence and highlights the significance of subjective experience and personal responsibility. The practical implication of this research is that it provides insight into the importance of individualism and personal agency in various domains, such as education, mental health, and politics. The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive exploration of existentialism's influence on various aspects of human existence, providing a unique perspective on these topics.
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Sasani, Samira, and Seyedeh Sara Foroozani. "A Sartrean Existentialist Look at Bach's Illusions: The Adventures of Reluctant Messiah." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 63 (November 2015): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.63.136.
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Primarily introduced through the works of a Danish scholar Søren Kierkegaard in nineteenth century, existentialism is in fact a socio-personal philosophy, which assumes man as radically free, while he is captivated in the inevitable chains of social responsibilities and commitments. Existentialism disregards the established traditional values, and emphasizes an individual’s choice and free will while compelling him to confront his duplicities and to take responsibility of them. For existentialists, being-in-the-world defines experience. Following Sartrean notion of whether you are present here and now or you are off in an illusive state, an existentialist would not ask, Who you are? rather he focuses on Where you are?. Thus existentialism gives priority to existence not essence. This article investigates the significant trends of the twentieth century existentialism with regard to Sartrean notion of the term and applies existentialism and the notion of individualistic and social illusions to Richard Bach’s Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah which questions the authenticity of reality from the view point of the central character.
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Bolkenbaeva, A., and Z. Ertisova. "The existential problem of the person in the story by O.Bokey “Atau-kere”." Pedagogy and Psychology 47, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-2.2077-6861.28.
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The scientific article deals with the problem of Existentialism, which has not lost its relevance in modern society. The scientific opinions of many scientists underlying the research were discussed, the psychological characteristics of Existentialism and its basic concepts were analyzed. Revealing the relationship between science and Existentialism, existentialists supplemented the reasoning: "from a scientific point of view, it is impossible to be silent about the existence of man" with an argument, analyzing the actions of the heroes of O. Bokey's story "Atau-Kere". Although the existentialist did not investigate human existence from a scientific point of view, the existentialist in the work scientifically grouped the actions of the characters, demonstrating the psychological sequence of thinking. He noted that the existence of images in one's own world is a complex psychological process. We tried to find ways to solve this problem by analyzing the actions of the heroes. That's the scientific basis of the article. Existentialism considers two types of human life: false and true. The first is the daily life of a person, and the next is his life, detached from social relations and independent of anyone, listening to his inner nature. The author in his article tried to prove that the way to solve this problem lies in spiritual wealth.
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Mulyadi, Mulyadi, Giry Marhento, and Henny Suharyati. "EKSISTENSIALISME SEBAGAI DASAR ANALISIS DALAM MEMAHAMI GURU DAN SISWA PADA PENDIDIKAN DASAR." Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34125/jmp.v9i1.62.
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Existentialism is a philosophy and its methodological roots come from the phenomological method developed by Hussel. Existentialism is closely related to education. This is because the center of existentialism's discussion is human existence, while education is only carried out by humans. The aim of education is to encourage every individual to be able to develop all his potential for self-fulfillment. The implication of the philosophy of existentialism in education is to provide broad and comprehensive experience in all forms of life. The goal of existential education is human freedom. Existentialist teachers must be able to foster a spirit of self-discipline and responsibility in their students. The role of teachers in the existentialist perspective is that teachers are tasked with protecting and maintaining academic freedom. Teachers give students the freedom to choose and provide them with experiences that will help them discover their lives and teachers also act as facilitators for students in developing their own potential. This article uses a qualitative approach by applying the literature study method. Elementary school students only experience the pre-existential period but continue to be formed with character education in the form of guidance services.
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Hossain, Md Amir. "The Impact of Existentialism in Shakespeare’s Hamlet." Journal of English Language and Literature 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v3i1.40.
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This article attempts to treat Shakespeare as existentialism’s prolific precursor, as a writer who focuses on existentialist ideas in his own distinctive theatrical and poetic terms long before they were fully developed in the philosophical and literary terms of the 20th century. The plays of Shakespeare and existentialist philosophy are equally fascinated by issues such as authenticity and in-authenticity, freedom of thought, being and nothingness, authenticity, freedom, and self-becoming. In recent years, Shakespearean criticism has shied away from these fundamental existentialist concerns as reflected in his play, Hamlet, preferring to investigate the historical and cultural conditioning of human subjectivity. It aims to provide a sketch of existentialist thought and survey the influence of existentialism on readings of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. It also suggests that Shakespeare and modern existentialist philosophers and thinkers share a deep interest in the creative fusion of fiction and philosophy as the most faithful means of articulating the existentialist immediacy of experience and the philosophical quandaries. My attempt is to offer the critical viewpoints of Shakespearean critics, scholars, and some well-reputed existentialist philosophers and thinkers with a view to signifying existentialist readings of Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
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BONDAR, Oleh. "Between Existentialism and Anti-Existentialism." WISDOM 21, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v21i1.605.
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The article is an evaluation of Pollock’s anti-existentialist argument and its place in the contemporary debates about Existentialism. We demonstrate that the main contemporary objections to Pollock’s Anti-Existentialism can be grouped into two argumentative directions: (1) Pollock’s supposed confusion of inner and outer truth (Fine, Speaks); (2) Pollock’s assumption that there is such state of affairs as Socrates’s not existing (Kroon). We also introduce an argument against Pollock`s crucial argumentative step against existentialism.
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Rohmah, Lailatu. "Eksistensialisme dalam Pendidikan." Edugama: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Sosial Keagamaan 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/edugama.v5i1.960.
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The philosophy of existentialism, is a philosophy with the main thought being "existence precedes the essence" that man exists first, then in life he gives meaning or essence to his life by focusing on individual experiences. Existentialism gives individuals a way of thinking about life, what it means to me, what is true for me. Existentialist epistemology assumes that individuals are responsible for their own knowledge. The main source of knowledge is personal experience. An idealist teacher according to existentialists is a teacher who provides an open dialogue space for students to find their meaning. Students get broad opportunities to learn something that interests them, so they can find their identity. Appropriate learning methods according to existentialists are dialogue, role playing, and other methods that give freedom for students to explore meaning in themselves. Because the main task of education is to stimulate every human being to be aware of the responsibility to create meaning and definition of himself.
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Ayub, Aliya, and Nailah Riaz. "Quest for self in McEwanâs Atonement: An Existentialist study." Global Language Review VIII, no. I (March 30, 2023): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(viii-i).37.
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This study examines existentialism as a useful self-identification strategy. Existentialism emphasizes freedom, choice, and self. The study focuses on McEwen's Atonement's self-desire. The human condition is to define life. We'll demonstrate in this study how existentialism aids in self-definition. If there were no objective trends, this philosophical perspective would be subjective. Examining existentialism's impact on self-identification, the study. Different approaches to self- identification are presented by Human Existentialism and Absurdum. Existentialism requires that every individual define and interpret their own life. According to McEwan, atonement alters one's viewpoint of the world. That's what this study will show. Personal characteristics and human existentialism. We'll look at existentialism's impact on the personal meaning in this study. Deconstruction will be used in this study's pragmatic analysis of existentialism. Instead of examining a logical totality, deconstruction theory examines conflicting meanings. The "Binary opposition" deconstruction lens is one of the most significant ones.
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Priyadharshini, P., S. Mohan, and Ahdi Hassan. "A Feministic Discourse of Existentialism in Namita Gokhale’s Select Works." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 2 (March 16, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n2p134.
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Existentialism argues for people’s way of life and rights. The structure of existentialism shows people’s misery and action to achieve their aim and their obligations. Existentialist feminism talks for women to make them realise their existence. The ideas of existentialist feminism theory are compared with Namita Gokhale’s selected texts Priya: In Incredible Indyaa (2011), The Book of Shadows (1999), and Things to Leave Behind (2016). The concepts of existentialist feminism examined with Namita Gokhale’s women characters of the selected texts to analyse their choice, existence, etc. The selected texts have the ideas of existentialist feminism. Existentialist feminism is explored through the attributions of the life of women characters in Namita Gokhale’s selected texts Priya: In Incredible Indyaa (2011), The Book of Shadows (1999), and Things to Leave Behind (2016). In Namita Gokhale’s selected works, the leading characters are represented existentialism aspects are Priya, Rachita, and Tilottama. For this research, the researchers of chosen current study theorists are Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Albert Camus. The methodology of this study adopts this theory to analyse the reflection of existentialist feminism in Namita Gokhale’s selected texts. This study compares with the other studies related to existentialism feminism. Future study recommendations are psychoanalysis theory, alienation, feminism, and identity crisis.
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Searle, Joshua. "Towards a Theology of Dignity and Freedom: Existentialism and the Prospects for Reform of Protestant Witness to Post-Soviet Society." Theological Reflections: Eastern European Journal of Theology 19, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29357/2789-1577.2021.19.2.31-49.
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This article examines how existentialist approaches to theology can be applied towards the elucidation of the meaning of dignity and freedom in post-Soviet society. The first part identifies key relevant characteristics of existentialism. The next section explores the relevance of existentialism for the context of post-Soviet Eastern European society through a critical examination of the concepts of dignity and freedom from an existentialist perspective, drawing primarily on the insights of Nikolai Berdyaev. Finally, the article addresses the contribution that Protestant theology could make towards the critique and renewal of post-Soviet society through a creative application of key concepts and ideas associated with existentialism.
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Dixon, Steve. "Cybernetic Sparks and Philosophical Feedback Loops." Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 19, no. 8 (December 2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.19.08.39.
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Gregory Bateson observed that cybernetics is not essentially about "exchanging information across lines of discipline, but in discovering patterns common to many disciplines" (Bateson, 1971, p. 23). This paper adopts his line of thought to join the dots between cybernetics and the philosophy of Existentialism, and then interconnect both with contemporary art. It demonstrates that while terminologies may differ, many of the three fields' primary concerns closely cohere. The world's most ground-breaking artists are found to apply and fuse cybernetic paradigms and Existentialist themes, from Robert Rauschenberg and Marina Abramović to Damien Hirst, Stelarc and Anish Kapoor. The research offers the first detailed comparison between cybernetics and Existentialism, and reveals surprising commonalities. Feedback loops, circular causality and negative entropy are not only central tenets of cybernetics, but also of Existentialism. Autonomy, autopoiesis and interactivity equally unite both fields, and each is visionary and forward looking in seeking radical change and transformations. Both explored artistic endeavours, with Existentialists Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus equally renowned for their powerful novels and plays as their philosophical works, while cybernetic art became a major phenomenon in the 1960s following the landmark exhibition Cybernetic Serendipity: the Computer in the Arts (1968), and influenced artistic practices thereafter.
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Dixon, Steve. "Discovering Patterns across Disciplines: Cybernetics, Existentialism and Contemporary Arts." Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 19, no. 9 (December 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.19.09.18.
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Gregory Bateson observed that cybernetics is not essentially about "exchanging information across lines of discipline, but in discovering patterns common to many disciplines". This paper adopts his line of thought to join the dots between cybernetics and the philosophy of Existentialism, and then interconnect both with contemporary art. It demonstrates that while terminologies may differ, many of the three fields' primary concerns closely cohere. The world's most ground-breaking artists are found to apply and fuse cybernetic paradigms and Existentialist themes, from Robert Rauschenberg and Marina Abramović to Damien Hirst, Stelarc and Anish Kapoor. The research offers the first detailed comparison between cybernetics and Existentialism, and reveals surprising commonalities. Feedback loops, circular causality and negative entropy are not only central tenets of cybernetics, but also of Existentialism. Autonomy, autopoiesis and interactivity equally unite both fields, and each is visionary and forward looking in seeking radical change and transformations. Both explored artistic endeavours, with Existentialists Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus equally renowned for their powerful novels and plays as their philosophical works, while cybernetic art became a major phenomenon in the 1960s following the landmark exhibition <em>Cybernetic Serendipity: the Computer in the Arts</em> (1968), and influenced artistic practices thereafter.
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Syvachenko, Galyna M., and Antonina V. Anistratenko. "VOLODYMYR VYNNYCHENKO’S PHILOSOPHICAL AND AESTHETIC VIEWS: THE EXPERIENCE OF FRENCH EXISTENTIAL." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, no. 27 (June 3, 2024): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2024-1-27-4.
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The relevance of the proposed research is determined by the reviving the interest of modern literary studies of the figure of Volodymyr Vynnychenko, determining the place of his creativity in the context of European modernism, the ambiguity of assessments of this phenomenon in the context of Ukrainian fine literature. The article examines Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s novels in the discourse of French Existentialism. Attention is focused on outlining the similarities and differences between J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus and V. Vynnychenko’s worldviews and aesthetic views. The origins of the existentialist method in the work of the Ukrainian émigré writer and its inclusion in the discourse of French atheistic of Existentialism are also analysed, and some conclusions of the “Mougins” cycle of Vynnychenko’s works are investigated using summarized prospects for its study in a broad and its European context is also outlined. The authors examine the forms and methods of aesthetic refraction of the basic concepts of existentialism (absurdity, rebellion, freedom, choice, and relationships at the level “I – the Other”). The purpose of the work and the tasks involve analyzing the philosophical and artistic texts of Vynychenko in the discourse of French existentialism, as well as revealing the main philosophical ideas and functions of the novels of the Ukrainian writer, consistent with the creative guidelines of J.-P. Sartre and A. Camus. The set of goals determines the need for the use of hermeneutic (analysis of artistic texts), historical-literary, comparative-typological (posing and solving a number of literary problems in the context of equal national literature, and biographical (using diary entries) research methods. The problem is determining the place of ideology in the context of French existentialism and the “Mougins’” cycle of Vynnychenko’s works, was raised in literary studies as early as the 70s of the last century, in particular by diaspora researchers S. Naumovych and L. Zaleska-Onyshkevych, who tried to show the priority of Vynnychenko’s writing compared to Sartre and Camus. The problem of existentialism as a philosophical direction was considered in the late 1940s among the members of the Artistic Ukrainian Movement, attempting to formulate the concept of “Ukrainian existentialism”. The Ukrainian researcher Ya. Kotets includes diaspora representatives 70 years later in the article “The Formula of Ukrainian Existentialism” (2021). There are several Ukrainian and Soviet writers who produce some existential ideas and elements of existential interpretation of human life, but they should not be called conscious writers-existentialists. Among modern Ukrainian works need to name “Existentialist philosophy. Traditions and perspectives” by S. Raida (2009), as well as the comparative study “Ukrainian version of artistic existentialism: B.I. Antonych, V. Svidzinsky, T. Osmachka in the European context” (2020) by H. Tokman, where is introduced the concept of “artistic existentialism”. The critical optics of the research make it possible to combine the historical and philosophical specificity of the interwar twenty years and the post-war period, on which are built the works of Vynnychenko, Sartre and Camus. It is an attempt to show the originality of the philosophical and aesthetic views of the emigrant Vynnychenko in the paradigm of French existentialism, to demonstrate the similarity of the Ukrainian type of philosophizing (from Skovoroda, Franko, Lesya Ukrainka to Vynnychenko), to analyze his characteristic orientation towards a person who faces the eternal problems of life, death, and evil. Such non-scientific philosophizing gave birth to special genre forms: essay, aphorism, portrait, dialogue, drama, and novel, which can be found in V.Vynnychenko’s literary work. Vynnychenko belongs to those thinkers who went beyond the boundaries of traditional philosophy in order to comprehend the broader meaning of the entire spiritual culture, developing the ideas of A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson, the theosophical theory of R. Steiner, in their writings. Vynnychenko set himself the goal of revealing prospects for further development to man, to give meaning to its existence, to point it to certain positive values, that is, to overcome the extremes of German and French existentialism and develop a positive philosophical platform.
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Oliverio, Stefano. "Subjectification and Existentialism in Contemporary Educational Theory." Teoría de la Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria 34, no. 1 (August 9, 2021): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/teri.26668.
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In the present paper, I will investigate contemporary neo-existentialism in educational theory, by exploring the reasons which have recommended the rediscovery of an existentialist stance in our age, the significance of these endeavours for contemporary undertakings and also the manner in which the existentialist thrust has been spelled out. In particular, after situating present-day neo-existentialism against the backdrop of the mid-20th century educational existentialism and after specifying its topicality as a response to neoliberal stranglehold on education, I will focus on two models – “subjectification” and “existential learning” – and show that they ultimately represent two alternative pedagogical options. However, it will be argued, this difference does not exclude the possibility that both models can (and perhaps must) be deployed in contemporary scenarios to counter the human capital invasion of education, by operating in different dimensions of education and in response to different educational tasks. Indeed, together they may allow us to re(dis)cover education as an adventure.
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Herlina, Uray, and Ade Hidayat. "Pendekatan Eksistensial dalam Praktik Bimbingan dan Konseling." Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/001.201931.80.
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EXISTENTIALISM APPROACH IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PRACTICE. Existentialism could not be detached from Soren Kierkegaard’s idea, Nietzche’s, Karl Jaspers’s, then was developed by Martin Heidegger and Jean Paul Sarte who made existentialism become more outstanding. In psychology and Counseling, Existentialism approach get many influences from Kierkegaard opinion that opposes every efforts that view human being as an object, simultaneously opposes the subjective perception as only one human reality. Kierkegaard and many further existentialists, emphasize balancing between free-will and responsibility. Guidance and Counseling with existentialism approach appreciate democratic principle, emphasize dialog process, because freedom is one of choices. Based on this principle, every counselor has responsibility about value system which adopted by their counselee as long as it is not against with moral principle. Every counselor are demanded to behave ethically and rationally, and build value deeply and push their counselee to be responsible with their choice.
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Haqqi, Sabilal, Mardhiah Abbas, and Abrar M. Daud Faza. "Film Attack on Titan dalam Pandangan Filsafat Eksistensialisme Jean-Paul Sartre." AHKAM 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/ahkam.v3i1.2606.
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Jean-Paul Sartre is a famous figure in the fields of philoshophy and literature, considered one of the parents of contemporary existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophical school which argues that all phenomena originate from existence, or the existence of something. Existentialism is a protest against the concept of “logic” and “nature” which were emphasized in the enlightenment period (Enlightenment) in the eighteenth century. Sarte’s existentialist philosophical thought is La Liberte or human freedom. Humans are free, independent. Therefore, he must be free to determine and decide, he acts alone without other people around or with him. This research analyzes Jean-Paul Sartre's views on the theory of existentialism in the film Attack on Titan. This film is related to the theory of existentialism by Jean-Paul Sartre, a philosopher who developed the current of existentialism. By using the research method "library research" with a qualitative approach. The aim of this research is to describe the philosophical views of existentialism and analyze the extent to which the values and concepts in Jean-Paul Sartre's theory can be harmonized with the principles of Islamic teachings. In conclusion, it can be seen that the film "Attack on Titan" effectively reflects Sartre's thoughts about free human existence and responsibility for the world around him. Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism, although emphasizing personal responsibility and individual freedom, was secular and perhaps not in harmony with religious principles, especially Islam. Some concepts of existentialism, such as the emphasis on absolute freedom, can conflict with the Islamic view which places obedience to Allah as the main principle.
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Egerstrom, Kirsten. "The Free Market Existentialist: Existentialism without Consumerism." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 74 (2016): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm201674114.
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Swaminathan, Pillai Rajammal, and Dr K. Thiyagarajan. "Existentialism- The Struggle Remains in Mulk Raj Anand’s Major Novels." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10098.
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Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. It is centered upon the analysis of existence and of the way humans find themselves existing in the world. The perception is that, humans exist first and then each individual spends a lifetime changing their essence or nature. Existentialism is a philosophy concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Existentialism is a quest for authentic existence. Jean-Paul Sartre says, ‘Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Such is the first principle of existentialism.’ Man’s sufferings and humiliations comes under the aspect of existentialism, which is found in the novels of Anand. Anand is a humanist and his humanism manifests itself in a realistic representation of the inhumanity of the situation of the oppressed masses, suffering, various types of disability, discrimination and alienation. Existentialism is an aspect of humanism and Anand has portrayed it through human beings pathetic sufferings and miseries. Anand’s humanism dwells into the survival of human love through existentialism. The humanism of Anand showcases the concerns of existentialism, exposing the reality of life and its tragic condition of suffering and misery. The pathetic condition of suffering and misery is existential since it has the elements of chance, absurdity and nothingness in them. Their alienated conditions are shaped by fear and loneliness. Though Anand denies of being an existentialist, his most of the works reveal existential ideologies of Sartre and Heidegger.
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Yahyaei, Davood, and Fakhteh Mahini. "The Influence of existentialism on teaching methods." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 9, no. 3 (September 5, 2017): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v9i3.600.
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Existential theories and Humanistic psychology are widely used in education. According to existentialists, fundamental problem of philosophy is Valuation and choice. Making existential methods in the classroom requires a balance in which both teachers and students as human beings preserve its identity. Existentialist philosopher and humanist psychologists advocate the kind of teaching and learning methods that focus on the learner and Care about individual differences. The research objective was identifying the teaching methods and the characteristics of each one supported by this approach. This research was done using qualitative content analysis and reviewing literature on the subject was published. The method of data analysis was thematic coding by using deductive category application. The results showed that the existentialists emphasized on the relation "I - you" between teacher and student thus support the teaching methods that consider individual patterns and indirect instructions. These methods cause growth of efficient relations and positive self-concept. Such methods are dialogue; Learner-centered method and developing positive self-concept. existential education goals cannot be predetermined and cannot the teacher and the educational system impose to students. Everyone assumes responsibility for its education. So, the teaching methods which develop concepts related to individual growth or focus on the learner are supported by this sect. Keywords: existentialism, existential Education, dialogue, Learner-centered method, Positive self-concept;
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Setyabudi, Titis, and Basyir Yasier Rais. "Love, Loss, and Resilience: an in-depth Literary Analysis of 'All the Bright Places' (2015) through the Lens of Existentialism." Edunity Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan 2, no. 11 (November 25, 2023): 1326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.57096/edunity.v2i11.171.
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This in-depth literary analysis explores the novel "All the Bright Places" (2015) by Jennifer Niven This research examines an existentialist perspective, focusing on the themes of love, loss, and resilience. By applying an existentialist lens with the aim of (1) From an existentialist perspective, how the themes of love, loss, and resilience are expressed in this novel; (2) Analyze the concepts of individual freedom and personal responsibility in this novel and the existentialist implications that arise from the characters and storyline; (3) Discover the role of the themes of death and loss in this story and how they can be understood through the lens of existentialism. This research method is a descriptive qualitative method using content analysis techniques and note-taking techniques in data analysis. The data of this research comes from the literary work All the Bright Places (2015). Through this exploration, this research reveals the timeless exploration of humanity and existentialism in literature
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Gadkar-Wilcox, Wynn. "Existentialism and Intellectual Culture in South Vietnam." Journal of Asian Studies 73, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813002349.
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Among the eclecticism and diversity of the intellectual marketplace in 1960s Saigon, frequent discussions of existentialism stand out. In popular scholarly journals and literary reviews, such as Bách khoa and Đại học, intellectuals, such as Nguyễn Văn Trung and Trần Thái Đỉnh, analyzed the relevance of the works of Malraux, Camus, and Sartre to Buddhism and to the situation of war-torn Vietnam. This article considers two possible reasons why existentialism appealed to intellectuals in South Du's Vietnam. First, it examines whether Vietnamese existentialists were searching for equivalency with Western nations. Second, it discusses how these authors saw existentialism as a useful way to refuse both capitalist and communist political positions.
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Thonhauser, Gerhard. "Emotionale Fähigkeiten in den (neo-)existenzialistischen Perspektiven von Sartre und Moran." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 70, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2022-0063.
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Abstract The paper explores emotional abilities from the (neo-)existentialist perspectives of Jean-Paul Sartre and Richard Moran. First, it reconstructs Sartre’s understanding of emotions as active comportments achieving a magical transformation of the world. Second, it explores what existentialists mean by first-person authority: Regarding my own emotions, I cannot only explore what I feel, but I also need to ask myself what to feel. The claim is that my emotions depend on me committing to them. Third, I highlight a difference between a neo-existentialist account which focuses on reflective self-constitution, and a vintage existentialist approach which focuses on pre-reflective self-awareness. Forth, I point out that (neo-)existentialism helps to make explicit the normative claim which is implied when speaking of abilities regarding one’s emotions. The claim is that it is up to me to either endorse my emotions or to change who I am to feel differently. Finally, I indicate the limits of such an approach when it comes to social structures of inequality and domination.
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Aspray, Barnabas. "‘No One Can Serve Two Masters’: The Unity of Philosophy and Theology in Ricœur’s Early Thought." Open Theology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2019-0025.
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Abstract While the French philosopher Paul Ricœur is not usually thought of as an existentialist, during his early career he engaged deeply with existentialist thought, and published two articles on the relationship between existentialism and Christian faith. Ricœur’s attempts to relate philosophy and theology often led to great personal distress, which he occasionally referred to as “controlled schizophrenia,” in which he struggled to remain faithful to both philosophical and theological discourse without compromising one for the sake of the other. This essay first explores the influence of existentialist philosophy on Ricœur before surveying how Ricœur understood existentialism, and how in his view it transforms the relationship between philosophy and theology. It then shows how Ricœur is ultimately able to retain his “dual allegiance” to both discourses through active hope in how the Christian doctrine of creation ex nihilo testifies to their original and final unity.
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Kramshøj Flinker, Jens. "Climate Fiction and the Ethics of Existentialism." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 12, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2021.12.1.3826.
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The purpose of this article is twofold: Existentialism as a philosophical discipline and ethical reference point seems to be a rare guest in ecocriticism. Based on an analysis of Lyra Koli's climate fiction Allting Växer (2018) this article argues that existentialism has something to offer to the ecocritical field. I make use of an econarratological approach, drawing on James Phelan's narrative ethics. Thus, I emphasize the article's second purpose, as narrative ethics is about reconstructing narratives own ethical standards rather than the reader bringing a prefabricated ethical system to the narrative. This reading practice can help to question the idea that some ethical and philosophical standards are better than others within ecocriticism—by encouraging scholars in ecocriticism to relate to what existentialism has to do with climate change in this specific case. In continuation of my analysis, I argue that Allting Växer is pointing at a positive side of existentialist concepts such as anxiety or anguish, that is, that there is a reflecting and changing potential in these moods or experiences. This existentialist framework contrasts with the interpretation of "Anthropocene disorder" (Timothy Clark) as the only outcome when confronting the complexity of the Anthropocene.
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Imran, Suwitno Y., Apripari, Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar, Jufryanto Puluhulawa, Julisa Aprilia Kaluku, and Lisnawaty W. Badu. "Existentialism and environmental destruction: Should polluters face criminal punishment or an existential crisis?" E3S Web of Conferences 506 (2024): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450606001.
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This study examines how existentialism, which emphasizes purpose, freedom, and individual life, affects environmental harm. The study asks: should environmental polluters face only criminal penalties or existential crises as a deeper moral responsibility? Conceptual normative research is used in this work. This study analyses existentialist and environmental criminal law literature to link existential crises to environmental degradation. The results imply that existentialism—a philosophy that analyses meaning, freedom, and existence—is linked to rampant environmental deterioration. This study suggests that environmental harm perpetrators should confront an “existential crisis” rather than criminal punishment. The crisis is forcing a reorientation of values and actions, which affects business behaviour, environmental ethics, and criminal law. Existentialism in Environmental Law and ethics broadens “responsibility” and “accountability,” while offering a more inclusive, democratic, and sustainable paradigm.
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Сердюкова, Елена. "Русский Экзистенциализм: Достоевский – Бкрдяев [Russian Existentialism: Dostoevsky – Berdyaev]." Dostoevsky Journal 14-15, no. 1 (2014): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23752122-01401004.
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В статье анализируется становление экзистенциализма в России в кон- тексте творчества Достоевского и Бердяева. Внимание акцентируется на формирование экзистенциального мироощущения Бердяева, в центре учения которого находится понимание личности как духа, как существо- вания. Для Бердяева Достоевский предстает как «великий антрополог», которого интересует человек, отпущенный на свободу. Бердяев заявляет об экзистенциальном характере всей русской философии и видит в До- стоевском предтечу русского экзистенциализма. [The paper shows the evolution of Existentialism in Russia in the context of Dostoevsky’s and Berdyaev’s work. The focus is on Berdyaev’s Existentialist sensibility, which centres on the concept of the individual as spirit, as existence. For Berdyaev, Dostoevsky is the “great anthropologist,” who is interested in Man released into freedom. Berdyaev points to the existentialist character of the whole of Russian philosophy and identifies Dostoevsky as the precursor of Russian Existentialism.]
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Tada, Elton V. Sadao. "O ATEÍSMO METODOLÓGICO: Teologia e hermenêutica existencial." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 8, no. 11 (March 6, 2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v8i11.190.
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Resumo: O presente trabalho busca apontar o ateísmo metodológico como intersecção entre existencialismo, hermenêutica e religião. Para tanto, são apresentadas noções do existencialismo e de sua relação com os estudos teológicos e de religião bem como as particularidades da hermenêutica existencialista. O artigo analisa noções de Jean-Paul Sartre, Paul Tillich, Martin Heidegger e John Caputo sobre o existencialismo, a hermenêutica e a religião, sendo elas problematizadas no fim do estudo a partir das reflexões do filósofo brasileiro Benedito Nunes. Tendo como base as referências estudadas faz-se por fim o questionamento sobre os posicionamentos a serem adotados atualmente acerca da relação entre existencialismo, hermenêutica e religião. Palavras-chave: Existencialismo. Hermenêutica. Teologia. Estudos de Religião. Fenomenologia. Abstract: This paper aims to point out methodological atheism as an intersection between existentialism, hermeneutics and religion. In order to do that, it presents concepts of existentialism and its relationship both with theological studies and religion and existentialist hermeneutics. The paper analyses Jean-Paul Sartre, Paul Tillich, Martin Heidegger and John Caputo concepts of existentialism, hermeneutics and religion. It also problematizes them from the point of view of the Brazilian philosopher Benedito Nunes. Finally, basing on the presented references, it challenged positions assumed related to existentialism, hermeneutics and religion. Keywords: Existentialism. Hermeneutics. Theology. Religious Studies. Phenomenology.
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Lieberman, Carole. "The Existentialist “School” of Thought: Existentialism and Education." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 58, no. 7 (March 1985): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1985.9955573.
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Fanani, Arif. "ALIRAN EKSISTENSIALISME DALAM PENDIDIKAN." JIEGC Journal of Islamic Education Guidance and Counselling 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51875/jiegc.v1i1.143.
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Existentialism gives the individual a way of thinking about life, what it means to me, what is right for me. Existentialist epistomology holds that the individual is responsible for his own knowledge. The main source of knowledge is personal experience. The purpose of existentialism is to encourage each individual to be able to develop all his potential for self-fulfillment by providing a broad and comprehensive experience in all forms of life. The research method used in this research is the library method, namely by collecting information and data in depth through various literatures, books, notes, magazines, other references, as well as the results of previous relevant research. By applying the flow of existentialism in education, the hope is that it can make students realize that he himself has the responsibility to create his own meaning and definition
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Ibrarullah, Hafiz Muhammad, and Hafiz Inamullah. "Islam and Existentialism: An Analysis of the Philosophy regarding God, Man, Universe, Existence and Education." Review of Education, Administration & Law 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v5i1.215.
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Existentialism, as a philosophy, revolves around the man’s uniqueness and his experience in an unconcerned universe, unexplainable human existence, focus on freedom of choice and the responsibility acceptance of the consequences of one’s actions. Islam, on the other hand, is a complete code of life which explains all areas of man and has major focus on spiritual and intellectual capacity development of man at the same time for the reason that man is the combination of body and soul or spirit and matter. The current study contrasts Existentialism and Islam with respect to the ideology about God, man, universe, existence and education. The study, by presenting representative notions of both atheist existentialists and non-atheist existentialists, at the end passes the philosophy from Islamic filter and presents implications/recommendations for Muslims teachers and students.
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Liu, Yingzhuo. "Analysing Virginia Woolf's the Mark on the Wall from an Existentialist Perspective." Communications in Humanities Research 22, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/22/20231555.
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During the world wars, people experienced harsh realities and had no recourse. Traditional values were no longer suitable for the post-war world, but they could not find a new standard of living and suffered a crisis of identity. Given this background, both the existentialist thought of the philosophical world and the literary realm coincidentally turned to exploring the survival state of humankind. As a pioneering writer, Virginia Woolf had a meticulous portrayal and profound thinking about the spiritual state of human beings in the post-war period. The academic research on Woolf's works has mostly explored from the perspectives of feminism, epiphanic moments and narrative style of stream of consciousness, but less from the existentialist viewpoint. However, many of Woolf's works have different methods, leading to the same result with Existentialism. Therefore, this paper tries to analyse the existentialist tendency in Woolf's first stream-of-consciousness short story, The Mark on the Wall, with the theories of Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Heidegger, the representative figures of Existentialism. The work shows the absurdity of the world and people's despair. The stream-of-consciousness narrative mingles the past, present and future, breaking the linear concept of time. It elaborates that people are free to exist but always face the constraints of established rules and conflicts with others, which coincides with Existentialism. In addition, Heidegger's view of the initiative of things is also reflected in the narrative way of constructing the protagonist's identity by depicting a series of objects in the piece.
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Karivets, Ihor, and Andrii Kadykalo. "Egzistencializmas literatūriniuose vaizdiniuose V. Pidmohylny’o ir M. Yatskivo novelėse." Problemos 105 (April 10, 2024): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2024.105.7.
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This article analyses little-known short stories of modern Ukrainian writers Valerian Pidmohylny and Mykhailo Yatskiv in the context of the 20th century existentialism. It can be considered as a cultural phenomenon which combines philosophy with literature. Pidmohylny’s short stories were significantly influenced primarily by the ideas of the European philosophers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Therefore, we can search for similar motives in the works of Pidmohylny and the existentialists, which developed under the influence of the ideas of Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. Also, the authors consider Yatskiv’s short stories through the prism of the core concepts of existentialism, namely, fate and death. Pidmohylny and Yatskiv can be assigned to existential writers on the basis of retrospective analysis of the themes of their short stories and the thematic areas of 20th century existentialism.
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Wenanda, Diva. "READING ON NAUSEA AND THE IMMORALIST THROUGH EXISTENTIALISM." Prosodi 15, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v15i2.12180.
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The concept of existentialism is that the existence of a person is prior to their essence. The term "existence precedes essence" subsequently became a maxim of the existentialist movement. Put simply, this means that there is nothing to dictate that person's character, goals in life, and so on; that only the individual can define their essence. This study discussed existentialism in Nausea by Jean Paul Sartre and The Immoralist by Andre Gide, through Roquentin and Michel as the Characters. Roquentin and Michels, they tend to have an absolute freedom, means there is no influence from outside. What they actually want sometimes lies no motives why they are doing that thing.
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Dixon, Steve. "Cybernetic-Existentialism and Being-towards-death in Contemporary Art and Performance." TDR/The Drama Review 61, no. 3 (September 2017): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00672.
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Ideas and themes central to both cybernetics and existentialist philosophy converge in the work of some of the world’s most celebrated contemporary artists. Utilizing little or no technology, these artists nonetheless employ “systems” approaches and protocybernetic models, while simultaneously exploring themes directly related to existentialism.
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de Sousa, Ronald. "Existentialism as Biology." Emotion Review 2, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073909345545.
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Existentialism is compatible with a broadly biological vision of who we are. This thesis is grounded in an analysis of “concrete” or “individual” possibility, which differs from standard conceptions of possibility in that it allows for possibilities to come into being or disappear through time. Concrete possibilities are introduced both in individual life and by major transitions in evolution. In particular, the advent of ultrasociality and of language has enabled human goals to be formulated in partial independence from the vestigial “goal” of biological replication. The existentialist stance is validated by the necessity of choice grounded in emotion, in a way that does not require a commitment to a Kantian Will.
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Ma, Hongping. "The Enlightenment of Existentialist Educational Thought：Core Perspectives, Dialectical Analysis, and Enlightenment for Modernization of Education in China." Yixin Publisher 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.59825/jet.2024.2.2.1.
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From existentialism to existentialist education, this ideological school has exerted a certain influence worldwide. Currently, countries around the world attach great importance to cultivating innovative talents and building strong education systems, and China is also making continuous progress on the path of educational modernization. As a major branch of educational philosophy, existentialist education still holds many valuable insights. The core of existentialist education lies in “self-education”, advocating a student-centered approach, establishing a new and equal teacher-student relationship, and emphasizing life education. These valuable insights have provided inspiration for the development of China's educational modernization. We should take the essence and discard the dross. In the future, we should persist in a student-centered approach, emphasizing individualized education and talent development. We should establish a “dual-subject teaching model” that promotes equal interaction between teachers and students. We should also emphasize the strengthening of life education, timely improve and innovate curriculum content. Furthermore, we should comprehensively enhance students’ ability for “self-education”, enabling them to engage in conscious and lifelong learning, truly improving the quality of education, and realizing the ideals of existentialism in reality.
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Dhanapal, Saroja. "An existentialist reading of K.S. Maniam’s ‘The Return’." Journal of English Language and Literature 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2014): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v2i1.26.
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According to Peyre (1948:21), the fathers and forefathers of existentialism were mostly Germans, but it was adapted and transformed by the French and was re-exported to the rest of the world. Peyre’s inference reduces the history of existentialism to a nutshell. Existentialism can be defined as an intellectual movement that reflects all aspects of modern life. In literature, this theory acts as a useful approach to analysing literary works in order to make sense of the complexities, contradictions and dilemmas surrounding the characters. The purpose of this research paper is to study the novel of Subramaniam Krishnan, popularly known as K. S. Maniam, an Indian Malaysian academic and novelist, from an existentialist perspective. His novels deal with the lives and problems of the post-colonial Indian Diaspora in Malaysia. In 2000, he received the Raja Rao Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Literature of the South Asian Diaspora. His first novel ‘The Return’ is an autobiographical novel which deals with cultural struggle and cultural identity. This novel will be analysed from an existential perspective.
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Moniruzzaman and Safi Ullah. "Portrayal of Bangladeshi Existentialism: “Like a Diamond in the Sky” in Context." ABC Research Alert 9, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/abcra.v9i2.561.
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Shazia Omar, a Bangladeshi novelist, depicts the less-known imagery of modern Dhaka in her debut novel “Like a Diamond in the Sky” (2009) where she portrays Bangladesh infected with depression, drug addiction, power-play, corruption and fundamentalism. Deen, the protagonist, is lost in addiction, isolated from his mother and outer world but in love with Maria, aware of the future of Bangladesh and eager to search for the meaning of life. Deen, which literally implies the earthly life in Bangla, is an existentialist who is conscious of himself and the people around him. He is aware of his capacity, limitation, existence and essence. He comments on different orders and institutions that hinder at the path of freedom, and about politicization and islamisation in Bangladesh. Not only Deen but also his widowed mother, his friend AJ, drug peddler Falani, the sergeant of the Police, Deen’s girlfriend Maria- all are conscious of their existence and essence. This novel is about a journey from a dark and aimless world to redemption, to a meaningful life. Omar presents existentialism and existential crisis as noticed in Bangladesh in her novel where almost all characters try to find the meaning of life, though in different ways. Omar says in an interview that the novel “explores their feeling of alienation in the chaotic metropolis of Dhaka city” and her protagonist struggles “to find a spiritual connection”. Before writing this novel, Shazia Omar researched in a rehab in Mumbai, visited slums of Bangladesh and thus shaded light on the darker and less-discussed imagery of Bangladesh. “Like a Diamond in the Sky” is thoroughly examined in the light of existentialism, developed by Descartes, Kierkegaard, Sartre and Heidegger. This paper analyses how “Like a Diamond in the Sky” represents Bangladeshi existentialism, and existentialists who are conscious of existence and essence. It also discusses the observation, of Omar’s characters projected in the novel, about established orders and institutions and finally, desire for freedom and searching for meaning of life.
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Moniruzzaman and Safi Ullah. "Portrayal of Bangladeshi Existentialism: “Like a Diamond in the Sky” in Context." ABC Research Alert 9, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ra.v9i2.561.
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Shazia Omar, a Bangladeshi novelist, depicts the less-known imagery of modern Dhaka in her debut novel “Like a Diamond in the Sky” (2009) where she portrays Bangladesh infected with depression, drug addiction, power-play, corruption and fundamentalism. Deen, the protagonist, is lost in addiction, isolated from his mother and outer world but in love with Maria, aware of the future of Bangladesh and eager to search for the meaning of life. Deen, which literally implies the earthly life in Bangla, is an existentialist who is conscious of himself and the people around him. He is aware of his capacity, limitation, existence and essence. He comments on different orders and institutions that hinder at the path of freedom, and about politicization and islamisation in Bangladesh. Not only Deen but also his widowed mother, his friend AJ, drug peddler Falani, the sergeant of the Police, Deen’s girlfriend Maria- all are conscious of their existence and essence. This novel is about a journey from a dark and aimless world to redemption, to a meaningful life. Omar presents existentialism and existential crisis as noticed in Bangladesh in her novel where almost all characters try to find the meaning of life, though in different ways. Omar says in an interview that the novel “explores their feeling of alienation in the chaotic metropolis of Dhaka city” and her protagonist struggles “to find a spiritual connection”. Before writing this novel, Shazia Omar researched in a rehab in Mumbai, visited slums of Bangladesh and thus shaded light on the darker and less-discussed imagery of Bangladesh. “Like a Diamond in the Sky” is thoroughly examined in the light of existentialism, developed by Descartes, Kierkegaard, Sartre and Heidegger. This paper analyses how “Like a Diamond in the Sky” represents Bangladeshi existentialism, and existentialists who are conscious of existence and essence. It also discusses the observation, of Omar’s characters projected in the novel, about established orders and institutions and finally, desire for freedom and searching for meaning of life.
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Russo, Maria. "From Jean-Paul Sartre to Critical Existentialism." Sartre Studies International 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2022.280104.
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This article examines Sartre’s works in which his attempt to find an existentialist ethics is evident. Most of the clues to this project are to be found in texts published posthumously since during his lifetime he never managed to fulfil the promise he made at the end of Being and Nothingness. It will be argued that this existentialist ethics owes a strong debt to Kantian philosophy, even if it confronts more directly the historical dynamics of violence and oppression. Despite the fact that this project is unfinished and only sketched out, it is possible to ask what Sartre’s direction of development would have been, pointing to the outline of a normative theory, Critical Existentialism, that could have its place in contemporary ethical debate.
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Manser, Anthony. "Existentialism." Cogito 5, no. 2 (1991): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cogito19915217.
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Harvey, Charles W. "Existentialism." Teaching Philosophy 20, no. 2 (1997): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil199720221.
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Stoten, David William. "Exige-stential leadership: exploring the limits of leadership in a crisis." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 42, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-09-2020-0378.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how leadership can better respond to a crisis. It aims to integrate ideas from existentialism into a discussion of how leadership could develop and provoke debate.Design/methodology/approachA review of the literature on leadership, crisis management and existentialism was adopted for the preferred research methodology.FindingsThis paper identified a gap in the literature on leadership in an exigency and offered an alternative to the technical-rationalist conceptions of leadership behaviour.Practical implicationsReference is made to the benefits of counselling for leaders following a crisis.Originality/valueThis paper is an original contribution to the work on leadership. Through the concept of exige-stential leadership, this paper integrates ideas taken from existentialist philosophy, to provide a new way of conceptualising leadership in an exigency.
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Iorio, Marco. "How Are Agents Related to Their Actions? The Existentialist Response." Grazer Philosophische Studien 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2001): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-061001008.
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This paper discusses the claim found in several existentialist philosophers according to which agents are identical with their actions. First, I clarify the claim by pointing to some possible misunderstandings. Secondly, some consequences of this claim are spelled out which are important not only for existentialism but for contemporary theory of action. This discussion brings to light a severe inconsistency in the existentialist project. I argue that the claim can nevertheless serve as a starting point for an independent theory of action.
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Mehdiyeva, Leyla, and Zaur Rashidov. "The Human Project in the Philosophical System of Jean Paul Sartre." Metafizika Journal 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33864/2617-751x.2024.v7.i1.41-63.
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The 20th century is known as a period of awakening and radical movements in the history. New systems of thought emerged during this period. Some systems of thought expressed a direct return to man. The beginning of the return to man was set by S.Kierkegaard with his views related to existentialism. The emergence of existentialism as a philosophical system coincides with the period after the First World War. In this period, the loss of previous values, the problem of secularism, and the failure of the Enlightenment philosophy to justify itself are among the main problems. Existentialism began to take shape in Germany and France at about the same time, and in a short time it spread to many parts of the world - Italy, Spain, Latin America, India, England, the United States, Japan, etc. spread to countries. In Russia, the school of existentialism was created by N. Berdyayev and L. Shestov, and the German existentialism was created by Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers. The prominent representatives of French existentialism are Gabriel Marcel (1899), Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980), Simone de Bavoir (1908-1986) and Albert Camus (1913-1960). It was Jean-Paul Sartre who perfectly placed the idea of individual human freedom at the center of his work. There are two important points in Sartre's philosophy: existence in itself and existence for itself. Sartre writes that; what is generally called consciousness is individual. The purpose of consciousness is to make existence for us. This is the fundamental state of consciousness. The main issue that Sartre took into account is that it is impossible to look at the philosophical problems of the 20th century in the context of general concepts. According to the philosopher, the best existentialism is humanism. In addition to his philosophical novels, Sartre became famous for his existentialist philosophy, which he developed in a unique way. He was one of the thinkers who marked the 20th century with his formation of existential Marxism and his political activity. In the conditions of the Second World War, when the concept of humanity was questioned, the work "Being and Nothingness", which is original and intertwined with life in every way, explains the current state of humanity along with Sartre's philosophical ideas.
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Kujundžić, Dragan. ""Nothing, Nothing, Nothing": Dostoevsky and Existentialism." Labyrinth 23, no. 1 (September 3, 2021): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v23i1.253.
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The paper attempts to situate the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky in the tradition of Russian existentialism, and to indicate his influence on the subsequent development of existentialism in its ontological or ethical guise. In fact, Dostoevsky may be seen as the originator of a tradition which will later on influence and be taken up, via Nietzsche and Shestov, by the figures like Emanuel Levinas, Albert Camus or Maurice Blanchot, all explicitly concerned with existentialist questions of debt, guilt or suicide (Kirilov). Dostoevsky's writings are also interpreted in relation to Russian nationalism, and the sense of Russian Messianic election, which at the end of Crime and Punishment coalesce in another destination for Raskolnikov, launching him towards a Messianic future prior to the Abrahamic time and monotheistic sacrificiality. The end of Crime and Punishment imagines another existence for Raskolnikov, before the religious history, or the history tout court, has taken place or time. That time space is akin to something that Jacques Derrida formulated as an advent of an event to-come, a-venir. Dostoevsky is thus, in our interpretation, both a progenitor of the important strains of existentialism, but also a writer returning his hero's existence to an advent of a completely other, time before time, yet to come.
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Kumar Jha, Barun. "Happy Days- A Study in Existentialism." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 1 (2016): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.411621.
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Happy Days is an interesting play of Samuel Beckett which deserves a serious analysis in terms of existentialism. The play is in search of the meaning of man’s existence amid uncertainty in the world. Sometimes it is also interpreted as ‘mockery of unhappiness.’ This play is certainly different from other major plays of Samuel Beckett in which the protagonist seems a happy character, but, in fact, she frets in fever of the world. She is buried in a mound of earth and consumed by the earth every moment. After all, she gives the gesture of being happy. Both the characters Winnie and Willie are static, helpless and crippled like other characters of Beckett subject to suffering, frustration and absurdity in life. The play also delineates the sub- themes of existentialism like authenticity, death, bad-faith and nothingness with the help of these two characters. Moreover, the play develops in the tradition of absurd play challenging the classical norms of unities and plot. The stage setting in Happy Days seems strange like that of a realistic play reflecting the theme of existentialism. Lastly, the play gives the concept of absurd and cyclical time which presents the uncertainty of man’s existence in the world. Thus, the play is a typical one for existentialist study.
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McCaffrey, Enda. "An Existentialist Epistemology of the Closet: Sexuality and Art in Raymond Queneau's Zazie dans le métro." Nottingham French Studies 51, no. 2 (July 2012): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2012.0018.
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This article explores how Sartean existentialism can be used to explain the sexual orientation of the main character Gabriel in Raymond Queneau's Zazie dans le métro. Drawing firstly on the novel's rich and broader philosophical roots, the article proceeds to engage with the philosophy of existentialism as a way of highlighting Gabriel's attempts to conquer himself, champion a morality of action and commitment over secular morality, and give meaning to his sexuality through concepts of choice, situation, authenticity and artistic creation. Gabriel's monologues take him out of the conversational currency of the récit's structure and into a philosophical mode of thinking. In these instances, Queneau's sub-codes and intertextual references to Sartrean existentialism gesture towards an existentialist breakthrough where Gabriel's existence is seen to coalesce with a discrete ‘coming out’ narrative that predates the politics of power, gender and identity construction of the 1970s and beyond. The situatedness and literariness of Gabriel's homosexuality is textual; this textuality is played out existentially in the way his homosexuality as verbal utterance/reality is continually deferred and connected critically to signifiers of Sartrean humanism, intersubjectivity and transcendence.
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Enaya, Beljun P., and Al Franjon Villaroya. "Sartrean Freedom and Responsibility in Rousseau’s Emile." Philippine Social Science Journal 4, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52006/main.v4i1.320.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist interpretation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy of education, or Emile. It aims to show the Sartrean concept of freedom and responsibility in understanding education, as shown in Emile and his tutor's narrative. It utilizes Sartre’s significant works, such as Being and Nothingness, and Existentialism is Humanism, in explicating the Sartrean concept in Rousseau's book, Emile. Existentialist hermeneutics helps the paper to re-interpret the text of Emile. It argues that Rousseau's philosophy of education, as demonstrated by Emile and his tutor, implicitly manifests absolute freedom and responsibility in the learning process. Thus, this paper provides a Sartrean existentialist perspective of understanding Rosseau's Emile.