Journal articles: 'Existential threats'

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Andelman, David A. "Europe’s Existential Threats." World Policy Journal 31, no. 3 (2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0740277514552982.

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Liudmila, Baeva. "Ethical Threats and Existential Safety." Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sijssr.v2i2.33056.

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Amidst the development of various manifestations of modern electronic culture, security, communication, and ethics issues are acquiring new features and actualization. An objective of the research is a theoretical analysis of the issues of information ethics in the information and communication environment and threats to existential security. The features of the development of information ethics in electronic culture, associated with a high level of liberalism, utilitarianism, as well as antinomy in solving the problem of freedom and security in the digital environment are revealed. Some ethical issues of virtual communication in the “human-human” and “human-AI” systems are disclosed, the main risks in this area are systematized.

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Kucherenko, Sergey. "Existential Threat as a Casus Belli." Conatus 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.35080.

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Existential threat is often mentioned in political rhetoric. While it is mostly used to denote threats to humanity as a whole, like climate change or AI, it is also used on a smaller scale. Existential threat to a state or a similar entity is often evoked too. Such a threat is considered grave enough to justify war and – possibly – the use of nuclear weapons. In the present article, the author aims to deconstruct the notion of “existential threat” in relation to the state and show that it should not be used as a reason to go to war. The main argument is that the state has a specific mode of existence which makes it impossible to speak of state death unambiguously. Therefore, there can be no apparent threats to its existence. The author proposes a normative interpretation of the state. The state is understood as a project of a certain group, or even an individual, therefore the discussion of “existential threat” to a state should be dropped in favor of a more grounded evaluation of potential gains and losses by different social groups and political parties.

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Karpavičiūtė, Ieva. "Securitization and Lithuania’s National Security Change." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 36, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lfpr-2017-0005.

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Abstract The paper addresses the security threat perception and securitization of existential threats in Lithuania. It focuses upon the securitization theory and its ability to explain the change of national security agendas as affected by the changes in national identity and existential security threats. It takes into account the internal and external factors that are shaping the objective and subjective national threat perception. The paper applies O. Waever’s securitization theory with an aim to explain how the national security threats are being addressed and perceived in Lithuania. Moreover, the paper is developed against the backdrop of the most recent developments in securitization theory and evolution of its theoretical perceptions of identity, existential threats, and legitimacy. It also discusses the possibility of inclusion of hybrid security threats into an analysis of securitization. The empirical part of the article assesses the most recent security challenges, provides evaluation of changes in national security perception, and portrays the dynamics of national security threats as defined in the National Security Strategies and the Military Doctrine. The paper focuses upon the most recent dynamics in security policy of Lithuania. It also takes into account the hybrid nature of security threats and the reaction to hybrid security elements such as: cyber security, information security, and international terrorism.

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Latham, Andrew J., and Hannah Tierney. "Defusing Existential and Universal Threats to Compatibilism." Journal of Philosophy 119, no. 3 (2022): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil202211939.

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Many manipulation arguments against compatibilism rely on the claim that manipulation is relevantly similar to determinism. But we argue that manipulation is nothing like determinism in one relevant respect. Determinism is a "universal" phenomenon: its scope includes every feature of the universe. But manipulation arguments feature cases where an agent is the only manipulated individual in her universe. Call manipulation whose scope includes at least one but not all agents "existential manipulation." Our responsibility practices are impacted in different ways by universal and existential phenomena. And this is a relevant difference, especially on Strawsonian approaches to moral responsibility, which take facts about our responsibility practices to be deeply connected to the nature of responsibility itself. We argue that Strawsonian accounts of moral responsibility are immune to manipulation arguments, and no attempt to modify the scope of manipulation or determinism featured in these arguments will help incompatibilists secure their desired conclusion.

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Baumberger, Jessica. "Unveiling AI’s Existential Threats and Societal Responsibilities." Filozofia i Nauka 1, no. 11 (November 10, 2023): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37240/fin.2023.11.1.5.

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Hartman, Todd K., Thomas V. A. Stocks, Ryan McKay, Jilly Gibson-Miller, Liat Levita, Anton P. Martinez, Liam Mason, et al. "The Authoritarian Dynamic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Nationalism and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 7 (January 11, 2021): 1274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550620978023.

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Research has demonstrated that situational factors such as perceived threats to the social order activate latent authoritarianism. The deadly COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to test whether existential threat stemming from an indiscriminate virus moderates the relationship between authoritarianism and political attitudes toward the nation and out-groups. Using data from two large nationally representative samples of adults in the United Kingdom ( N = 2,025) and Republic of Ireland ( N = 1,041) collected during the initial phases of strict lockdown measures in both countries, we find that the associations between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and (1) nationalism and (2) anti-immigrant attitudes are conditional on levels of perceived threat. As anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic increases, so too does the effect of RWA on those political outcomes. Thus, it appears that existential threats to humanity from the COVID-19 pandemic moderate expressions of authoritarianism in society.

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Egerstedt, Magnus. "Chatbots as Tools or Existential Threats [President’s Message]." IEEE Control Systems 44, no. 1 (February 2024): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcs.2023.3329913.

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Gebauer, Fabian, Marius H. Raab, and Claus-Christian Carbon. "Imagine All the Forces." Journal of Media Psychology 29, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000180.

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Abstract. A world divided into East versus West: The so-called Ukraine crisis has once more summoned outdated patterns of political thinking. Simultaneously, media discourses have flared up debating diplomatic and military solutions as possible policy responses. A majority of Germans, however, have remained hesitant to advocate any escalation of military conflict. We were interested in how far reputable journalism concerning the Ukraine crisis might activate a disposition toward military engagement. To evaluate the supposed impact of actual news coverage, we used explicit existential threats (mortality salience; MS) as a comparative measure. Typical effects of MS were derived from terror management theory (TMT), which predicts that the awareness of existential threats amplifies the efforts to defend one’s own culture, even by military means. We used a 2 × 2 factorial design (N = 112) with the factors article (original bellicose vs. neutral, nonmilitant depiction) and salience condition (MS vs. control). Results revealed a strong impact of the original, bellicose article, with increased willingness to deploy German forces at the Russian border, independently of the salience condition. Additional existential threats did not add further effects, as values for willingness were already very high. Classic effects regarding TMT were observed when people had read the Non-Militant article. Here, the willingness to deploy forces only increased after a confrontation with existential threats. We conclude that threatening news coverage on the Ukraine crisis has the ability to alter willingness for first-step military action at the Russian border by inducing effects that are – at least in their outcome – comparable to explicit existential threats.

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Charbonneau, Rebecca. "SETI, artificial intelligence, and existential projection." Physics Today 77, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.yunh.voyr.

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Mamcarz, Piotr. "Existential and psychological problems connected with Threat Predicting Process." Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration 20, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2014): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10241-012-0026-2.

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Abstract The aim of the article is to present a very important phenomenon affecting human integrity and homeostasis that is Threat Prediction Process. This process can be defined as “experiencing apprehension concerning results of potential/ actual dangers,” (Mamcarz, 2015) oscillating in terminological area of anxiety, fear, stress, restlessness. Moreover, it highlights a cognitive process distinctive for listed phenomenon’s. The process accompanied with technological and organization changes increases number of health problems affecting many populations. Hard work conditions; changing life style; or many social and political threats have influence on people’s quality of life that are even greater and more dangerous than physical and psychological factors, which, in turn, have much more consequences for human normal functioning. The present article is based on chosen case studies of a qualitative analysis of threat prediction process

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Seesengood, Robert Paul. "Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Era." Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 32, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jrpc.2019-0053.

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David, Steven R. "Existential threats to Israel: learning from the ancient past." Israel Affairs 18, no. 4 (October 2012): 503–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2012.717386.

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Cowan, Douglas E. "Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Era." Journal of Contemporary Religion 33, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2018.1473200.

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Early, Bryan R., and Victor Asal. "Nuclear weapons, existential threats, and the stability–instability paradox." Nonproliferation Review 25, no. 3-4 (May 4, 2018): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2018.1518757.

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Raheman, Fazal. "Tackling the Existential Threats from Quantum Computers and AI." Intelligent Information Management 16, no. 03 (2024): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/iim.2024.163008.

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Baker, Natalie D., and Nathan Jones. "A snake who eats the devil’s tail: The recursivity of good and evil in the security state." Media, War & Conflict 13, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 468–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635219846021.

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The Islamic State and Mexican drug ‘cartels’ have been positioned as extreme menaces to the Western world by media and state actors despite their inability to pose existential threats to the US. These groups deftly facilitate such representations through barbaric violence which security and information sharing apparatuses uptake and amplify. The ‘good’ neoliberal security state combats and inflates these ‘evil’ threats which, in turn, empowers purveyors of security in a deregulated environment. The authors interrogate this problem through the lens of negative utopias presented in speculative fiction to understand the implications for state and society. Projected representations of evil as an existential threat present a conflicted vision of the future manipulated by political and media actors with dire consequences for democratic ideals. National security relies on a never-ending cast of foreign threats that legitimize counter-terror actions in the name of moral good. Security institutions persist primarily through the simultaneous representation of a never-ending battle of good and evil. They stand to gain from the existence of extremely violent groups, without legitimate progress towards their eradication. They also bring fantasy into reality through the recursive enactment of good versus evil.

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Abas, Nur Afifah, and Mohd Nizam Sahad. "GUIDING ASPECTS OF ISLAMIC EXISTENTIAL-COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY FOR EXISTENTIAL DEPRESSION." Malaysian Journal Of Islamic Studies (MJIS) 5, no. 1 (June 13, 2021): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/mjis.2021.5.1.174.

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The CoVid-19 pandemic had again activated the neuronal circuit on our existential crisis as human beings asking basic existential questions: Where were we from, who are we, why are we here, how we supposedly should live here and where are we going? - Instinctively it appears evidently in the soul while facing threats that may lead to death like the pandemic exposes us to. This study critically explores and analyses through content analysis method on available published ‘Islamic’ documents, which are purposively sampled based on relevancy to the existence. We shared what we found related to existential psychotherapy using cognitive behavior therapy for depressed Muslim clients in supporting the current call for integrating Islamic teachings and practice. Mainly, being intersubjective is very crucial for therapists’ competency because Muslim clients are from diverse Islamic backgrounds.

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Han, Zhen, and T. V. Paul. "China’s Rise and Balance of Power Politics." Chinese Journal of International Politics 13, no. 1 (2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz018.

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Abstract The post-Cold War international system, dominated by the United States, has been shaken by the relative downturn of the US economy and the simultaneous rise of China. China is rapidly emerging as a serious contender for America’s dominance of the Indo-Pacific. What is noticeable is the absence of intense balance of power politics in the form of formal military alliances among the states in the region, unlike state behaviour during the Cold War era. Countries are still hedging as their strategic responses towards each other evolve. We argue that the key factor explaining the absence of intense hard balancing is the dearth of existential threat that either China or its potential adversaries feel up till now. The presence of two related critical factors largely precludes existential threats, and thus hard balancing military coalitions formed by or against China. The first is the deepened economic interdependence China has built with the potential balancers, in particular, the United States, Japan, and India, in the globalisation era. The second is the grand strategy of China, in particular, the peaceful rise/development, and infrastructure-oriented Belt and Road Initiative. Any radical changes in these two conditions leading to existential threats by the key states could propel the emergence of hard-balancing coalitions.

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Grabowski, Wojciech. "From Speech Acts to Extraordinary Measures - Securitization and Hybrid Warfare in Iran-Israel Relations." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 15 (February 15, 2023): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2022.1.9.

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The purpose of this article is to investigate Iranian-Israeli relations, which are based on hate speech and hybrid warfare, but can actually be reduced to a struggle for power and domination. In order to legitimize their military actions against an enemy state, both Iran and Israel must securitize the threat, which means they must convince the public that the opposing state poses an existential threat. Hate speech and aggressive rhetoric are used by both countries and represent a subjective perception of a threat, as well as a legitimizing tool to justify extraordinary measures to counter the threats. Appealing to fears and threats and the method of creating an enemy are well-known political strategies that ensure the legitimacy of power.

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Sedikides, Constantine, and Tim Wildschut. "Finding Meaning in Nostalgia." Review of General Psychology 22, no. 1 (March 2018): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000109.

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Nostalgia—defined as sentimental longing for one's past—is a self-relevant, albeit deeply social, and an ambivalent, albeit more positive than negative, emotion. As nostalgia brings the past into present focus, it has existential implications. Nostalgia helps people find meaning in their lives, and it does so primarily by increasing social connectedness (a sense of belongingness and acceptance), and secondarily by augmenting self-continuity (a sense of connection between one's past and one's present). Also, nostalgia-elicited meaning facilitates the pursuit of one's important goals. Moreover, nostalgia acts as a buffer against existential threats. In particular, it shields against meaning threat, and buffers the impact of mortality salience on meaning, collective identity, accessibility of mortality-related thoughts, and death anxiety. Finally, nostalgia confers psychological benefits to individuals with chronic or momentary meaning deficits. These benefits are higher subjective vitality, lower stress, and regulation of meaning-seeking in response to boredom. Taken together, nostalgia helps people attain a more meaningful life, protects from existential threat, and contributes to psychological equanimity.

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Ebi, Kristie L., Kathryn J. Bowen, Julie Calkins, Minpeng Chen, Saleemul Huq, Johanna Nalau, Jean P. Palutikof, and Cynthia Rosenzweig. "Interactions between two existential threats: COVID-19 and climate change." Climate Risk Management 34 (2021): 100363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100363.

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Baeva, Liudmila Vladimirovna. "Social and Existential Threats to Personal Security in Virtual Communities." International Journal of Technoethics 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2020010101.

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The article is devoted to the problem of destructive cyber influence. The objects of the study are “death groups” calling on young people to commit suicide, as well as the “Columbine communities,” which are associated with acts of aggression and murder in educational institutions. The problem of virtual youth communities of destructive type is presented from the positions of philosophical, anthropological, existential, and axiological analysis.

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Vacchiano, Mattia, Emanuele Politi, and Adrian Lueders. "The COVID-19 pandemic as an existential threat: Evidence on young people’s psychological vulnerability using a Multifaceted Threat Scale." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 12, 2023): e0292894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292894.

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Research offers evidence that younger generations suffered the most psychologically from the COVID-19 crisis. In this article, we look at the onset of the pandemic to understand the reasons for this increased vulnerability. We use the COVID-19 Multifaceted Threat Scale to explore potential mechanisms underlying generational differences in psychological well-being. In a sample of 994 individuals (+18) obtained in the USA and India, we first assess levels of perceived psychological well-being across the generations. Thus, we measure cross-generational differences in the perceived levels of financial, relational, existential, health and lifestyle threats experienced by respondents seven months after the pandemic broke out. In accordance with earlier findings, the results confirm that people from Generation Z and Generation Y reported worse levels of psychological well-being than older adults. Our results suggest that the heightened existential threat, as reflected in a loss of meaning and feelings of being “trapped”, mediate the association between younger generations and worse psychological well-being. No substantial intergenerational differences were found for other threat dimensions. The observed effects were consistent across both national contexts, hence stressing the importance of existential concerns as a mechanism underlying the psychological vulnerability of younger people in the historical contingencies of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Weiss, Thomas G. "The United Nations and Sovereignty in the Age of Trump." Current History 117, no. 795 (January 1, 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2018.117.795.10.

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BARTHWAL-DATTA, MONIKA. "Securitising Threats without the State: A case study of misgovernance as a security threat in Bangladesh." Review of International Studies 35, no. 2 (April 2009): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210509008523.

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AbstractThis article provides a critique of the securitisation framework around its ability to provide a comprehensive security analysis when applied in a developing socio-political context. It argues that the framework's conditionalities around who can securitise and how, and its assumptions around the nature of the state restrict its ability to consider the role of non-state actors in raising existential threats to societal security. Through a case study of newspapers in Bangladesh raising ‘misgovernance’ as a security threat to its citizens, it explores how the securitisation framework can become more perceptive to security dynamics in contexts which differ from the one within which the framework has evolved.

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Rothschild, Zachary K., Julianna Hauri, and Lucas A. Keefer. "Specific Phobias: Maintaining Control in the Face of Chaotic Threats." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 5 (May 2020): 383–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.5.383.

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Introduction: Drawing on existential psychology we examine the possibility that specific phobias can serve a psychological function. Specifically, we propose that phobic objects allow individuals to focalize anxieties about haphazard existential threats into a more manageable form, reducing perceptions of risk and bolstering control. Method: We tested this by assessing perceived control among participants with varying levels of spider fear who were reminded of chaotic hazards (or not) and exposed to spiders images (or not). Results: Study 1 (N = 940) found that among those high in spider fear, salient uncontrollable threats (vs. controllable threats or uncontrollable non-threats) reduced feelings of control unless participants were exposed to their phobic object. Similarly, exposure to spider (vs. non-spider) images bolstered perceived control in the face of salient hazards, but only for those high in spider fear. A second preregistered study (N = 1349) found that the palliative effects of focusing on a phobic object were partially explained by a decreased concern with haphazard harms. Discussion: This supports the premise that phobic objects help to maintain control by narrowing the source of disordered risks, creating a more controllable conception of reality.

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Adam-Troian, Jais, Ayşe Tecmen, and Ayhan Kaya. "Youth Extremism as a Response to Global Threats?" European Psychologist 26, no. 1 (January 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000415.

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Abstract. Violent extremism is rising across the globe as indicated by the growing number of attacks of terrorist organizations. It is known that violent extremism is carried out mainly by young people due to developmental and external factors. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that ideologically motivated violence stems from threat-regulation processes aiming to restore significance, control, and certainty. Nevertheless, few studies from the threat-regulation literature have focused on youth samples and on the social-economic and political context in which radicalization processes occur. Here, we hypothesize that one driver of the surge in violent extremism might be globalization. To do so, we review the evidence that shows that globalization increases the perception of affiliative, economic, and existential threats. In return, some studies suggest that these kinds of threats promote violent extremism among youth samples. Therefore, we conclude that the threatening context generated by four decades of globalization might be a risk factor for youth extremism in the long run.

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Mabon. "Existential threats and regulating life: securitization in the contemporary Middle East." Global Discourse 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2017.1410001.

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Lahr, Angela M. "Lisa Vox. Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Era." American Historical Review 123, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/123.2.595.

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Torres, Phil. "Agential Risks." Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 26, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v26i2.58.

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The greatest existential threats to humanity stem from increasingly powerful advanced technologies. Yet the “risk potential” of such tools can only be realized when coupled with a suitable agent who, through error or terror, could use the tool to bring about an existential catastrophe. While the existential risk literature has provided many accounts of how advanced technologies might be misused and abused to cause unprecedented harm, no scholar has yet explored the other half of the agent-tool coupling, namely the agent. This paper aims to correct this failure by offering a comprehensive overview of what we could call “agential riskology.” Only by studying the unique properties of different agential risk types can one acquire an accurate picture of the existential danger before us.

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Bishop, Jeffrey P. "Building Moral Brains." Maynooth Philosophical Papers 10 (2020): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/mpp202091611.

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Technology is evolving at a rate faster than human evolution, especially human moral evolution. There are those who claim that we must morally bioenhance the human due to existential threats (such as climate change and the looming possibility of cognitive enhancement) and due to the fact that the human animal has a weak moral will. To address these existential threats, we must design human morality into human beings technologically. By moral bioenhancement, these authors mean that we must intervene technologically in the biology of the human animal in order to get it to behave morally to address these existential threats. I will bring the idea of moral bioenhancement into conversation with two philosophers of technology. Bernard Stiegler has argued that technology and culture, and thus technology and human beings, have always evolved hand in hand. Peter-Paul Verbeek notes that we have always designed morality into technology, and thus he sees technology as mediating human morality. When we offload human intentionality onto technology, Verbeek argues, technological objects and systems participate in shaping the moral subjectivity of the human actor. I will show that modern technological bioenhancement obliterates human being. Whereas in the past, human culture was handed from generation to generation through the mediation of technology, in the modern era, the human becomes the raw material upon which a technological will (imperative) rides.

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Lee, Antony. "Online Hoaxes, Existential Threat, and Internet Shutdown: A Case Study of Securitization Dynamics in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v10i1.156.

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As one of the countries in the world with the highest growth of internet users, Indonesia is experiencing a rapid growth in social media usage. Some use social media for networking but some others use it to spread hoaxes, fake information, or disinformation. During presidential election in Indonesia in the period from 2017 to 2019, hoaxes and disinformation were widely circulated through social media and instant messaging. This phenomenon has triggered heated public debates on the nexus between digital spaces and security, which include how the online disinformation has threatened Indonesian security. For example, hoaxes were represented in the public sphere as an existential threat to Indonesian unity. Immediate question regarding this phenomenon is:why are online hoaxes and fake information represented in public spheres as a security threat? This paper argues that as a response toward the increase of online hoaxes, there were securitizing moves made by political elites and special agencies in Indonesia before and in the aftermath of the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. Employing discourse analysis of selected relevant news articles around the period of 2017-2019, this paper analyses the dynamic of the securitization of online hoaxes in Indonesia. Grounded within Securitization Theory, this paper analyses; the facilitating condition; the triumvirates of securitizations, which are the securitizing actors, the threats posed by hoaxes, and the audiences; as well as extraordinary measures executed to handle the threats; internet throttling and internet shutdown when necessary.

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Martin, Craig. "Climate Change and Global Security: Framing an Existential Threat." AJIL Unbound 116 (2022): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2022.39.

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Should the climate change crisis be framed in security terms? Many argue that it is dangerous to treat non-military threats as security issues. Such “securitization” is associated with the expansion of executive power and the exercise of exceptional measures involving the suspension of individual rights, secrecy, state violence, and a weakening of the rule of law. Nonetheless, climate change has already been identified as a security issue by many government agencies and international institutions.1 But, as J. Benton Heath explores in “Making Sense of Security,” the very concept of security is both ambiguous and contested.2 There are different and competing ideas about what it means, when, and by whom it should be invoked, the kinds of law and policy responses it should trigger, and, crucially, who gets to decide these questions. Heath argues that differing approaches to security reflect deeper struggles over whose knowledge matters in identifying and responding to security threats. He develops a typology for assessing these different approaches, and the implications they have for international law and institutions. But, while he notes that climate change is precisely one of those issues around which there are competing security claims, he leaves to others the question of whether, or how, to frame climate change in security terms. This essay takes up that question, continuing the inquiry into how best to understand the concept of security, and how Heath's typology helps think about the question. It argues that it may indeed be important to frame climate change in security terms, but as a matter of global security rather than national security.

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Thompson, Craig J., and Anil Isisag. "Beyond existential and neoliberal explanations of consumers’ embodied risk-taking: CrossFit as an articulation of reflexive modernization." Journal of Consumer Culture 22, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14695405211062058.

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This study analyzes CrossFit as a marketplace culture that articulates several key dimensions of reflexive modernization. Through this analysis, we illuminate a different set of theoretical relationships than have been addressed by previous accounts of physically challenging, risk-taking consumption practices. To provide analytic clarity, we first delineate the key differences between reflexive modernization and the two interpretive frameworks—the existential and neoliberal models—that have framed prior explanations of consumers’ proactive risk-taking. We then explicate the ways in which CrossFit’s marketplace culture shapes consumers’ normative understandings of risk and their corresponding identity goals. Rather than combatting modernist disenchantment (i.e., the existential model) or building human capital for entrepreneurial competitions (i.e., the neoliberal model), CrossFit enthusiasts understand risk-taking as a means to build their preparatory fitness for unknown contingencies and imminent threats. Our analysis bridges a theoretical chasm between studies analyzing consumers’ proactive risk-taking behavior and those addressing the feelings of anxiety and uncertainty induced by the threat of uncontrollable systemic risks.

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Erskine, Toni. "Existential threats, shared responsibility, and Australia’s role in ‘coalitions of the obligated’." Australian Journal of International Affairs 76, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2022.2040424.

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Weldon, Stephen P. "Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Era by Lisa Vox." Technology and Culture 62, no. 1 (2021): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2021.0044.

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Sideris, Lisa H. "Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Era. By Lisa Vox." Environmental History 24, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emy141.

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Gomel, Elana. "Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Age by Lisa Vox." Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 17, no. 1 (2019): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pan.2019.0012.

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Blanchard, Alyson E., Fraenze Kibowski, and Thomas J. Dunn. "Existential Threats of Immigration and Terrorism Predict Voting for Brexit and Trump." Evolutionary Psychological Science 6, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40806-020-00245-x.

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Kokhanaya, Oksana Vitalievna. "Factors in education and personality development in an era of existential threats." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 11 (October 27, 2023): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2311-03.

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In an era of global upheaval, culture and education can become both a weapon for the revival and for the complete disintegration of society. At this stage, it is urgently necessary to realize the enormous importance of working to eliminate errors and shortcomings in these areas. Particular attention, as the author sees it, must be paid to the formation of a culturally and spiritually developed, educated young generation who knows its history and loves its homeland.

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Arifin, Rasyid. "PROSES SEKURITISASI PANDEMI SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) DI INDONESIA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP HUBUNGAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v4i1.1746.

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The SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19 virus pandemic in Indonesia underwent a process of securitization in an effort to eliminate the threat. Securitization is the solution faced by Indonesia Covid-19. This study describes the Covid-19 securitization process in Indonesia. The question of this research is how is the Covid-19 securitization process in Indonesia? The variables used in this study are securitization actors, speech acts, existential threats, object referent, and extraordinary actions to explain the Covid-19 securitization process in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method. Keywords: Securitization, Covid-19, Indonesia, International Relation Abstrak Pandemi virus SARS-CoV-2 atau Covid-19 di Indonesia mengalami proses sekuritisasi dalam upaya untuk mengeliminasi ancaman. Sekuritisasi menjadi solusi yang dilakukan indonesia menghadapi Covid-19. Kajian ini menggambarkan proses sekuritisasi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Pertanyaan kajian ini bagaimana proses sekuritisasi Covid-19 di Indonesia? Variabel-variabel yang dipakai pada kajian ini aktor sekuritisasi, Speech Act, existential threat, refrent object, dan extraordinary measure dapat menjelaskan proses sekuritisasi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Kata Kunci: Sekuritisasi, Covid-19, Indonesia, Hubungan Internasional

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Federspiel, Frederik, Ruth Mitchell, Asha Asokan, Carlos Umana, and David McCoy. "Threats by artificial intelligence to human health and human existence." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 5 (May 2023): e010435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010435.

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While artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions in healthcare, it also poses a number of threats to human health and well-being via social, political, economic and security-related determinants of health. We describe three such main ways misused narrow AI serves as a threat to human health: through increasing opportunities for control and manipulation of people; enhancing and dehumanising lethal weapon capacity and by rendering human labour increasingly obsolescent. We then examine self-improving ‘artificial general intelligence’ (AGI) and how this could pose an existential threat to humanity itself. Finally, we discuss the critical need for effective regulation, including the prohibition of certain types and applications of AI, and echo calls for a moratorium on the development of self-improving AGI. We ask the medical and public health community to engage in evidence-based advocacy for safe AI, rooted in the precautionary principle.

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Runciman, Brian. "BCS Insights 2021." ITNOW 63, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwab064.

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Abstract How a diverse and inclusive IT industry can help find solutions to the world’s biggest problems, including the climate crisis, political oppression and existential threats to the internet’s fabric. BCS Insights 2021 explores how we can all help make IT good for society.

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Carlà, Andrea. "Societal Security in South Tyrol: A Model to Deal with Ethnic Conflicts." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 12, no. 1 (November 24, 2015): 56–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004306134_004.

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South Tyrol has been referred to as a model to deal with ethnic diversity and resolving ethnic conflicts. This article explains the South Tyrol model’s success by blending ethnic politics with concepts from security studies: societal security and securitization. Societal security refers to threats that emerge from the fact that humans belong to communal groups that do not correspond to defined state borders. Securitization is the process by which an issue is considered as an existential threat that requires emergency measures. The article develops a framework to identify which dynamics made South Tyrol successful, analyzing factors that sparked security concerns and processes of securitization and highlighting actions and measures that tackled these dynamics. Concurrently, South Tyrol is used as an empirical case to expand our understanding of societal security and elaborate (and test) a detailed toolkit to prevent or dissolve the violent mobilization of ethnic diversity and societal security threats.

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Tomaszek, Katarzyna, and Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman. "Student Burnout and PTSD Symptoms: The Role of Existential Anxiety and Academic Fears on Students during the COVID 19 Pandemic." Depression Research and Treatment 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6979310.

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It is well known that student burnout is a serious mental health problem, caused by chronic stress related to the educational area. However, in the COVID 19 pandemic, young people have to struggle with additional threats that affect their overall functioning and perception of the world. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of existential anxiety and academic fears on the relationship between academic burnout and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The findings confirmed that academic burnout, existential anxiety, and academic fear were significantly associated with higher posttraumatic symptoms. Existential anxiety and academic fear played a mediating role in the association between academic burnout and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. In conclusion, it is considered that student burnout and anxiety indicators are important risk factors for the trauma experienced by students and may increase its symptoms.

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Javidan, Pantea. "The Struggle to Breathe: Pandemic Years on Western Frontiers." Legalities 3, no. 1 (March 2023): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/legal.2023.0046.

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Multiple existential threats – climate breakdown, disease, police violence, lawlessness, trauma, and systemic harms – characterise the pandemic years on western frontiers. This essay considers these and argues that disaster capitalism and authoritarian politics overpower scientific consensus and public opinion in ways that literally and figuratively cause a struggle to breathe.

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Wohl, Michael J. A., Anna Stefaniak, and Anouk Smeekes. "Days of Future Past: Concerns for the Group’s Future Prompt Longing for Its Past (and Ways to Reclaim It)." Current Directions in Psychological Science 29, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721420924766.

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In this article, we summarize recent research on collective angst (i.e., concern for one’s group’s future vitality) and collective nostalgia (i.e., sentimental longing for the in-group’s past) and emphasize their interconnections and predictive utility. We also put forth the supposition that the source of the collective angst that group members are feeling can influence the content of collective nostalgia (i.e., what group members are longing for), which has consequences for the attitudes and actions that group members will support to protect the group’s vitality. Political rhetoric tends to capitalize on the relation between these emotions by making specific existential threats salient to elicit specific associated collective nostalgizing, followed by promises to “bring back the good old days”—days when the source of the threat was (ostensibly) absent. In sum, the content of collective nostalgia matters for understanding what action tendencies group members will support to assuage the specific (perceived) threats to their group.

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Lipka, Jerry. "Indigenous Knowledge and Navigating the Rising Tides of Climate Change and Other Existential Threats." Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática Perspectivas Socioculturales de la Educación Matemática 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/relatem.20133.66.

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Indigenous people whose way of life remains closely connected to their traditional lands are experiencing additional existential threats to culture and language, now exacerbated by climate change. Yet, Traditional Ecological Knowledge is being recognized as a potential contributor in addressing this crisis. Five case vignettes presented in this paper illustrate the depth of resistance, resilience, and adaptation demonstrated by Indigenous people in the face of previous threats to culture and language. ural Alaska, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands, the setting of the vignettes.. Though their locations, history, and customs vary, they share an underlying similarity in the urgency expressed for their Traditional Ecological Knowledge and to use it in adaptive ways that lead to sustainability. An outlier case is included, as it illustrates a different strategy that results in novel and accessible steps to combat climate change.

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Rahayu, Liska, Desi Natalia Sihombing, and Puguh Santoso. "Indonesia’s Non-Military Threats Dynamics: A Philosophical Perspective." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v10i1.19459.

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This study aims to provide a novel philosophical analysis of the non-military threats facing Indonesia, grounded in an examination of their ontological nature, epistemological understanding, and axiological value implications. Amidst an increasingly complex global security landscape, non-military challenges like pandemics, climate change, cyber-attacks, and terrorism have emerged as critical concerns. This study employs a descriptive qualitative methodology and thematic analysis to comprehensively explore and understand the multifaceted dynamics of the non-military threats confronting Indonesia. The research findings depict that through an ontological lens, the research categorizes Indonesia's diverse non-military threats into three forms: the ideational synthesis of socio-political and technological factors (idealism); empirically observable phenomena like natural disasters and disease outbreaks (materialism); and existential risks integrating conceptual and physical elements like radicalism and separatism (dualism). Epistemologically, comprehensive data acquisition from varied sources, coupled with interdisciplinary analytical frameworks involving experts, government, and community stakeholders, enables contextually grounded threat assessments and mitigation policies responsive to evolving conditions. Axiologically, ethical principles of human dignity, social justice, and environmental stewardship rooted in Indonesian cultural values must anchor decision-making processes. The study recommends refining frameworks to better understand diverse threats, improving processes for collecting and analyzing data, incorporating ethical considerations into policy development, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and integrating local wisdom into defense strategies for enhanced resilience at both community and national levels.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Existential threats'

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