Relevant bibliographies by topics / Existential threats

Academic literature on the topic 'Existential threats'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Existential threats"

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Andelman, David A. "Europe’s Existential Threats." World Policy Journal 31, no. 3 (2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0740277514552982.

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Liudmila, Baeva. "Ethical Threats and Existential Safety." Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sijssr.v2i2.33056.

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Amidst the development of various manifestations of modern electronic culture, security, communication, and ethics issues are acquiring new features and actualization. An objective of the research is a theoretical analysis of the issues of information ethics in the information and communication environment and threats to existential security. The features of the development of information ethics in electronic culture, associated with a high level of liberalism, utilitarianism, as well as antinomy in solving the problem of freedom and security in the digital environment are revealed. Some ethical issues of virtual communication in the “human-human” and “human-AI” systems are disclosed, the main risks in this area are systematized.
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Kucherenko, Sergey. "Existential Threat as a Casus Belli." Conatus 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.35080.

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Existential threat is often mentioned in political rhetoric. While it is mostly used to denote threats to humanity as a whole, like climate change or AI, it is also used on a smaller scale. Existential threat to a state or a similar entity is often evoked too. Such a threat is considered grave enough to justify war and – possibly – the use of nuclear weapons. In the present article, the author aims to deconstruct the notion of “existential threat” in relation to the state and show that it should not be used as a reason to go to war. The main argument is that the state has a specific mode of existence which makes it impossible to speak of state death unambiguously. Therefore, there can be no apparent threats to its existence. The author proposes a normative interpretation of the state. The state is understood as a project of a certain group, or even an individual, therefore the discussion of “existential threat” to a state should be dropped in favor of a more grounded evaluation of potential gains and losses by different social groups and political parties.
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Karpavičiūtė, Ieva. "Securitization and Lithuania’s National Security Change." Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 36, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lfpr-2017-0005.

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Abstract The paper addresses the security threat perception and securitization of existential threats in Lithuania. It focuses upon the securitization theory and its ability to explain the change of national security agendas as affected by the changes in national identity and existential security threats. It takes into account the internal and external factors that are shaping the objective and subjective national threat perception. The paper applies O. Waever’s securitization theory with an aim to explain how the national security threats are being addressed and perceived in Lithuania. Moreover, the paper is developed against the backdrop of the most recent developments in securitization theory and evolution of its theoretical perceptions of identity, existential threats, and legitimacy. It also discusses the possibility of inclusion of hybrid security threats into an analysis of securitization. The empirical part of the article assesses the most recent security challenges, provides evaluation of changes in national security perception, and portrays the dynamics of national security threats as defined in the National Security Strategies and the Military Doctrine. The paper focuses upon the most recent dynamics in security policy of Lithuania. It also takes into account the hybrid nature of security threats and the reaction to hybrid security elements such as: cyber security, information security, and international terrorism.
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Latham, Andrew J., and Hannah Tierney. "Defusing Existential and Universal Threats to Compatibilism." Journal of Philosophy 119, no. 3 (2022): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil202211939.

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Many manipulation arguments against compatibilism rely on the claim that manipulation is relevantly similar to determinism. But we argue that manipulation is nothing like determinism in one relevant respect. Determinism is a "universal" phenomenon: its scope includes every feature of the universe. But manipulation arguments feature cases where an agent is the only manipulated individual in her universe. Call manipulation whose scope includes at least one but not all agents "existential manipulation." Our responsibility practices are impacted in different ways by universal and existential phenomena. And this is a relevant difference, especially on Strawsonian approaches to moral responsibility, which take facts about our responsibility practices to be deeply connected to the nature of responsibility itself. We argue that Strawsonian accounts of moral responsibility are immune to manipulation arguments, and no attempt to modify the scope of manipulation or determinism featured in these arguments will help incompatibilists secure their desired conclusion.
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Baumberger, Jessica. "Unveiling AI’s Existential Threats and Societal Responsibilities." Filozofia i Nauka 1, no. 11 (November 10, 2023): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37240/fin.2023.11.1.5.

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Hartman, Todd K., Thomas V. A. Stocks, Ryan McKay, Jilly Gibson-Miller, Liat Levita, Anton P. Martinez, Liam Mason, et al. "The Authoritarian Dynamic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Nationalism and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 7 (January 11, 2021): 1274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550620978023.

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Research has demonstrated that situational factors such as perceived threats to the social order activate latent authoritarianism. The deadly COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to test whether existential threat stemming from an indiscriminate virus moderates the relationship between authoritarianism and political attitudes toward the nation and out-groups. Using data from two large nationally representative samples of adults in the United Kingdom ( N = 2,025) and Republic of Ireland ( N = 1,041) collected during the initial phases of strict lockdown measures in both countries, we find that the associations between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and (1) nationalism and (2) anti-immigrant attitudes are conditional on levels of perceived threat. As anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic increases, so too does the effect of RWA on those political outcomes. Thus, it appears that existential threats to humanity from the COVID-19 pandemic moderate expressions of authoritarianism in society.
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Egerstedt, Magnus. "Chatbots as Tools or Existential Threats [President’s Message]." IEEE Control Systems 44, no. 1 (February 2024): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcs.2023.3329913.

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Gebauer, Fabian, Marius H. Raab, and Claus-Christian Carbon. "Imagine All the Forces." Journal of Media Psychology 29, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000180.

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Abstract. A world divided into East versus West: The so-called Ukraine crisis has once more summoned outdated patterns of political thinking. Simultaneously, media discourses have flared up debating diplomatic and military solutions as possible policy responses. A majority of Germans, however, have remained hesitant to advocate any escalation of military conflict. We were interested in how far reputable journalism concerning the Ukraine crisis might activate a disposition toward military engagement. To evaluate the supposed impact of actual news coverage, we used explicit existential threats (mortality salience; MS) as a comparative measure. Typical effects of MS were derived from terror management theory (TMT), which predicts that the awareness of existential threats amplifies the efforts to defend one’s own culture, even by military means. We used a 2 × 2 factorial design (N = 112) with the factors article (original bellicose vs. neutral, nonmilitant depiction) and salience condition (MS vs. control). Results revealed a strong impact of the original, bellicose article, with increased willingness to deploy German forces at the Russian border, independently of the salience condition. Additional existential threats did not add further effects, as values for willingness were already very high. Classic effects regarding TMT were observed when people had read the Non-Militant article. Here, the willingness to deploy forces only increased after a confrontation with existential threats. We conclude that threatening news coverage on the Ukraine crisis has the ability to alter willingness for first-step military action at the Russian border by inducing effects that are – at least in their outcome – comparable to explicit existential threats.
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Charbonneau, Rebecca. "SETI, artificial intelligence, and existential projection." Physics Today 77, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.yunh.voyr.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Existential threats"

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Lindström, Sofia, Sebastian Edemalm, and Erik Reinholdsson. "Marketers are Watching You : An exploration of AI in relation to marketing, existential threats, and opportunities." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52744.

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Background: As of today, it is apparent that with the ever-changing demands and needs of customers, companies are facing enormous pressure to deliver the right value, on time, in the right way, and proper manner. To realize the full potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a careful plan and method need to be established in the development and deployment when incorporating the technology with marketing. Technology is evolving at a rapid pace and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be found in a variety of applications. AI in marketing can provide valuable data clusterization and insights for personalized recommendations, customer segmentation, or even advertising optimization.  Problem:  To date, a few studies have been made due to the rapid development of AI which has shown an opportunity for marketers. From this hype, companies are looking into speedy implementation where one can forget that this technology comes with risks and threats. “The problem is that everybody has unconscious biases and people embed their own biases into technology” (Kantayya, 2021). Although machines can deliver personalized numerical information, it cannot deliver new solutions such as products and services, nor classify different outputs with a cognitive mindset which could result in biased results. The objective of this research is to utilize the information and insights gathered from experts in the field of engineering and marketing to gain a holistic view of the current and future capabilities of AI in marketing.  Purpose: The focus of this bachelor thesis is to provide additional insights in regards to Artificial Intelligence in relation to marketing, taking into consideration bias, personalization, the black box, along with other possible implications of AI systems, also referred to as the dark side. To fulfill the researchers’ objective, qualitative interviews with practitioners and employees with different roles within the field of AI and Marketing were conducted. The paper will be focusing on concepts, theories, secondary data, and interviews which will be further discussed and give opportunities for future research.   Method: To perform this research, a qualitative research design was applied, and 12 structured interviews were conducted with those who have knowledge and experience with AI, marketing, or both.  Results: The study elucidates the potentials and fallbacks of Artificial Intelligence in marketing. Where the findings suggest a mixture of human intervention and technology is needed to work against the perceptions, bias, and manipulation the technology can possess. The aims then guide towards the conclusion presenting the important cognitive and emotional skills that humans obtain that are currently lacking in AI.  This study finds several key areas both in terms of opportunities and risks. Such key areas involve the possibility of delivering new, unique personalized content to a mass audience at lightning-quick speed and at the same time presenting a handful of risks by giving machines the permission to make human decisions. Risks found in this study presented as the dark side include the bubble, bias, manipulation, fear of losing jobs, lack of transparency creating the black-box phenomena. Therefore, this research is interesting especially for marketing managers in how AI could be used both from an opportunity perspective and possible risks to consider.
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Iliyasov, Marat. "Chechen demographic growth and resistance : reactions to the existential threat from Russia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12171.

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This thesis examines the phenomenon of Chechen population growth in the context of the protracted Russo-Chechen conflict. It argues that the conflict was the main causative reason for the growth of the Chechen population. This hypothesis was confirmed by fieldwork, which allowed for the detection of a positive correlation between the nation's demographic growth and the perception of the own physical existence as endangered. The results of fieldwork demonstrated that the majority of the informants connected high Chechen birth rates with the necessity of physical survival, restoration of losses, and strengthening the nation numerically. The threat to Chechen ethnic identity did not show as strong correlation with demographic growth as did the threat to physical existence. Nevertheless, Chechen ethnic identity, which favours resistance to a foreign rule, was confirmed to be the crucial variable in determining the demographic dynamics of the nation. This in turn suggested an additional correlation: in the context of an existential threat salient ethnic identity would prompt a population growth. The latter, in such cases, is considered as a way of continuing the resistance in a non-violent way. The restoration of the losses experienced and the survival of the nation is seen as a victory and at the same time as a preparation for the next outbreak of violence. With all of this in mind, this thesis suggests considering Chechen demographic growth as the reaction (which itself was determined by ethnic identity) to the existential threat imposed by Russia.
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Christion, Tim. "Motivating Collective Action in Response to an Existential Threat: Critical Phenomenology in a Climate-Changing World." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24554.

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In this dissertation, I analyze climate change as a collective action problem. Decades of consistent policy and indeed institutional failure suggest that climate change cannot be managed top-down by experts and politicians alone. Climate communicators must therefore take up the challenge of ethically and politically motivating public action on this issue. Unfortunately, the ethical and political logic of climate response presents profound challenges to public motivation that appears to confound thinkers in the climate literature across disciplines. I thus endeavors to rethink the climate situation today from the perspective of collective motivation. Doing justice to the complexities of this multifaceted problematic demands interdisciplinary analysis, but the equally pressing need for general comprehension requires philosophical synthesis. For the climate issue is at once global and intergenerational in scale, and is systemic to modern social and cultural institutions that have long-evolved to structure the way people relate to each other, to nature, and ultimately to the world of everyday experience. My thesis, then, is that this collective action problem is ultimately an existential problem that calls for an existential response. Specifically, I argue that the ethical and political implications of climate response are largely received as an “existential threat” to the extent that they unsettle the integrity of everyday existence lived in common. That is, the deeper implications of this issue roundly contradict the background structures of “lifeworld identity” informing collective experience at some of the most general (socio-cultural) levels of being in the world. The consequences of this existential problem present us with two “quandaries” that must be addressed coherently. The “quandary of denial” signifies the largely ethical challenges of motivating a collective response to the historical and material realities of the climate ‘problem.’ The “quandary of transition,” by contrast, speaks to the relatively political challenges of relating the climate problem as such to climate ‘solutions’ that are collectively meaningful enough to positively inspire viable ways forward. Finally, I conclude by drawing on Maurice Merleau-Ponty to advance a critical phenomenology of public motivation responsive to these two moments of the existential problem.
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Crick, Emily. "Security and the drug control dispositif : analysing the construction of drugs as an existential threat to humankind and the nation state." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a7159f74-a0b2-4483-8d15-885659935ace.

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It has commonly been argued that drugs have been securitized, however relatively little in-depth analysis has been carried out on this subject. This thesis addresses this gap in the literature by using a combination of Foucault’s concept of the dispositif and a sociological interpretation of securitization theory to examine how drugs have become constructed as existentially threatening to humankind and the state by the United Nations (UN) and the United States of America (US). The two securitizations analysed here -the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (Single Convention) and US President Reagan’s 1986 National Security Decision Directive 221 (NSDD-221) -took place within the wider historical context of a control-oriented dispositif, it is argued,but also re-shaped the international drug control system and the drug control dispositif in profound ways. The thesis concludes that the drug control dispositif has continued to evolve through time and across space, and that the securitization of drugs by the US and UN has limited the range of options available within international and domestic drug policies, often exacerbating the harms to humans and the state –the very referent objects that these securitizations aim to protect. Discourse analysis of archival documents from the British National Archives, the US National Archives and the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum,and process-tracing of media sources are used to examine the ways in which drugs became securitized and how these securitizations affected the drug control dispositif. In order to understand the context in which the securitization(s) of drugs occurred, this thesis firstly identifies the various forms of control that were used during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It then analyses how the Single Convention and NSDD-221 established drugs as being threatening to humankind and the state through securitizing speech acts and non-discursive practices and how these securitizations re-oriented the drug control dispositif towards a prohibitionist paradigm. Finally, this thesis explores how various discourses and practices are challenging the ‘drugs as a threat’ discourse but still sit firmly within the drug control dispositif.
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Rönnlund, Fredrik. "En gemensam fiende? : -En jämförande studie om olika staters syn på terrorism." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4511.

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Even though terrorism has been on the political agenda for several years there is no general accepted definition of the phenomena of terrorism. Several scientist do also apply that terrorism have changed after the 9/11-attacks. The purpose with this thesis was to analyze and compare the image of terrorism represented by the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway, in an attempt to draw conclusions about similarities and differentials. The material that was used was these four nations individual counter terrorism strategy. This was made by using idea analysis and self constructed dimensions based on earlier science about security, terrorism and international law. A result of this study showed that there is a consensus about terrorism as a high existential threat because of the religious extremism that is related to Al Qaeda and justifies mass murder and have showed attempt to acquire weapons of mass destruction. On this adoption the nations in this study justifies extraordinary actions in cooperation against global terrorism. It is however some differentials about the means to counter this threat. The United States, United Kingdom and Norway describes in their strategy that the threat of Al Qaeda and its allies should be met by military force. United Kingdom describes that the military action is to consider as an exception based on the extraordinary threat that Al Qaeda poses. Sweden on the other hand shows a description of terrorism as a criminal act that should be met by national measures.

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Söderin, Ida. "Gymnasielagen - en möjlighet kantad av hinder : En kritisk diskursanalys av propositionen till den nya Gymnasielagen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443675.

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The purpose of this thesis is to perform a critical discourse analysis on the upper secondary school act aiming to map which discourses that are being reproduced concerning unaccompanied youths, as well as the motivation behind the creation of the law. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate the consequences of the discourses produced for unaccompanied youths’ rights claims. Faircloughs discursive model of three levels was used to review the proposition. This was complemented by an analysis of the result in relation to the Copenhagen school of securitization as well as Elena Namlis perspective on human rights. The review revealed that the dominating discourse in the upper secondary school act depicts the unaccompanied youths as foreign and potential threats. The law is motivated by the need to compensate for the Migration boards’ long processing time for their application of asylum upon arrival. It is said that this specific group ended up in an misfortuned situation. It is also explained that the law will trigger the youths to integrate through the demand of them needing to finish high school and find a job within 6 months in order to get asylum. However, this thesis also shows that the government is not fully ready to compensate for this misfortune as the demands, qualification to be available for this law, and security control of youths are implemented. Those obsticles are motivated by the view of the youths as existential threats and could be viewed as a sign of securitization of unaccompanied youths. What follows is them having a more difficult path of reaching their rights of asylum.
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Lanman, Jonathan Andrew. "A secular mind : towards a cognitive anthropology of atheism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:99ae030b-5f3a-4863-abf2-2f63eb8b4150.

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This thesis presents descriptive and explanatory accounts of both non-theism, the lack of belief in the existence of supernatural agents, and strong atheism, the moral opposition to such beliefs on the grounds that they are both harmful and signs of weak character. Based on my fieldwork with non-theist groups and individuals in the United States, United Kingdom, and Denmark, an online survey of over 3,000 non-theists from over 50 countries, and theories from both the social and cognitive sciences, I offer a new account of why nations with low economic and normative threats produce high levels of non-theism. This account is offered in place of the common explanation that religious beliefs provide comfort in threatening circumstances, which I show to be both anthropologically and psychologically problematic. My account centres on the role of threats, both existential and normative, in increasing commitment to ingroup ideologies, many of which are religious, and the important role of witnessing displays of commitment to religious beliefs in producing such beliefs in each new generation. In environments with low levels of personal and normative threat, commitment to religious ideologies decreases, extrinsic reasons for religious participation decrease, and superstitious actions decrease. Given the human tendency to believe the communications of others to the extent that they are backed up by action, such a decrease in displays of commitment to religious beliefs leads to increased non-theism in the span of a generation. In relation to strong atheism, I document a correlation, both geographical and chronological, between strong atheism and the presence of religious beliefs and demands in the public sphere. I then offer an explanation of this correlation based on the effects of threats against a modern normative order characterized by philosopher Charles Taylor as a system of mutual benefit and individual liberty.
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Leung, Doris. "The Experiences of Cancer Nurses’ Existential Care in Response to the Threat of Patients' Mortality within the Culture of Cure." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26284.

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Patients are living longer with many types of cancer; however, often they face sudden possibilities of dying, not only due to their advancing illness but due to complications of their treatment. Consequently, they can express substantial existential distress. Nurses’ close proximity to patients puts them in an ideal place to assess and engage with patients’ existential distress; yet this kind of research has been scarce. The purpose of this doctoral thesis was to explore nurses’ experiences of being with patients facing the threat of mortality. Yalom describes this threat as the fear of death, isolation, anxiety and responsibility about freedom, and meaninglessness. The study took place in a cancer setting where care is highly technological and goals of cure dominate, specifically, two bone marrow transplant units of one institution in Canada. Benner’s methodology of interpretive phenomenology guided data collection and analysis of focused observations and interviews with 19 registered nurses. The experience of fighting cancer while preparing for the possibility of letting go was the main theme. Letting go did not reflect nurses’ intents to abandon life but to release patients (if only briefly) from perceived norms of the curative culture. More specifically, the main theme was characterized by: 1) working within the culture of cure and the possibilities of patients dying, 2) concern about “bursting the bubble of hope,” 3) whether to and how to respond to patients’ distress and dying, and 4) coping with patient involvement. In the context of responsive relationships (patients and their families, and healthcare colleagues), nurses reported engaging in communication about the threat of patients’ mortality, and responding with letting be and supporting families to let go, the management of technology and prevention of technological intrusions, and striving for patients to have “easier” deaths. Results indicate a potential to enhance nurses’ supportive care constituted by their perceived responsibility to engage and respond to patients’ existential distress. Moreover, this study suggests that more attention is warranted not only to policy, education, and research that focuses on patients’ existential well-being, but to the well-being of nurses working within tensions of curing and comforting.
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Books on the topic "Existential threats"

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Oren, Barak, and Sheffer Gabriel, eds. Existential threats and civil security relations. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books, 2009.

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Saeverot, Herner. Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats through Educational Innovation. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019480.

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Spera, Danielle, writer of preface and Jüdisches Museum der Stadt Wien, eds. Architecture of an existential threat. Baden, Österreich: Edition Lammerhuber, 2017.

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Cheston, Richard, and Gary Christopher. Confronting the Existential Threat of Dementia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12350-5.

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torrey, van. Existential Threats. Independently Published, 2018.

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Existential Threats : (the CIA International Thriller Series Part 4). R Lawson, 2015.

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Vox, Lisa. Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Era. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.

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Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats Through Educational Innovation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Existential Threats: American Apocalyptic Beliefs in the Technological Era. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.

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Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats Through Educational Innovation: A Proposal for an Expanded Curriculum. Routledge, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Existential threats"

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Preston, John. "Rethinking Existential Threats and Education." In Competence Based Education and Training (CBET) and the End of Human Learning, 61–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55110-4_3.

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de Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben. "Infectious disease threats." In Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats through Educational Innovation, 98–114. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019480-7.

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Saeverot, Herner, and Glenn-Egil Torgersen. "Ideologies, threats and sustainability." In Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats through Educational Innovation, 145–62. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019480-10.

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O’Brien, David, and Melissa Shani Brown. "Becoming-Modern: Sinicisation, Existential Threats, and Secular Time." In People, Place, Race, and Nation in Xinjiang, China, 277–312. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3776-7_9.

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Wells-Jensen, Sheri, and SJ Beard. "5. We Have to Include Everyone: Enabling Humanity to Reduce Existential Risk." In The Era of Global Risk, 101–22. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0336.05.

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Disabled and marginalised people are often excluded from the debate around existential risk. However, they have much to contribute: this chapter argues that diversity and inclusion are powerful tools to implement solutions to global threats and vital sources of creativity and resilience for the field of Existential Risk Studies.
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Yohe, Gary, Henry Jacoby, Richard Richels, and Benjamin Santer. "Essay 12. Climate Change and COVID-19: Understanding Existential Threats." In Responding to the Climate Threat, 63–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96372-9_12.

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Beard, SJ, and Rachel Bronson. "1. A Brief History of Existential Risk and the People Who Worked to Mitigate It." In The Era of Global Risk, 1–26. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0336.01.

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This chapter explores the history of Existential Risk Studies through the stories of people who have sought to understand and avert threats like nuclear weapons, environmental breakdown, and disruptive technologies over the last seventy-five years. It offers new perspectives to people working on reducing existential risks today, from politicians to activists or academics, so that we can “turn back the hands of the Doomsday Clock”.
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Biesta, Gert. "Holding oneself in the world." In Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats through Educational Innovation, 115–26. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019480-8.

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Butler, Colin D. "Overpopulation." In Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats through Educational Innovation, 67–84. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019480-5.

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Slavkovik, Marija. "Artificial intelligence." In Meeting the Challenges of Existential Threats through Educational Innovation, 179–95. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003019480-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Existential threats"

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Управителева, Лариса Михайловна. "EMOTIONAL SAFETY: FACTORS OF RESISTANCE." In Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/psm296.2021.24.76.002.

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На эмоциональную безопасность человека оказывают влияние обстоятельства непреодолимой силы, культуральные вызовы, неэкологичный режим труда и отдыха, коммуникационные, экзистенциальные и психологические угрозы. Для сохранения эмоциональной устойчивости и благополучия необходимо личностное развитие и осознанная идентичность. Circumstances of force majeure, cultural challenges, non-ecological working and leisure conditions, communication, existential and psychological threats have an impact on a person's emotional security. Personal development and conscious identity are essential for maintaining emotional stability and well-being.
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RADU, Cristian Marian. "A PERSPECTIVE OF THE FAKE NEWS’ IMPACT IN THE EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOUR IN THE COVID 19’s CRISIS." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/04.13.

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Although statistics from recent years indicate a significant trend of increasing the level of interaction in the online environment between the various representatives of organizations and their stakeholders, the COVID 19 Pandemic has generated an unprecedented escalation of this mean of communication. Threats to human health have been supplemented by the near-complete shutdown of economies and employees and their management have faced situations with an unplanned impact. The same sanitary restrictions that imposed the isolation of people in homes encouraged the predominant use, in communication, of virtual channels and favoured the multiplication of the phenomenon called “fake news”. By collecting and processing published and accessible information in the literature, the paper analyses, from an analytical existential perspective, and through a qualitative interview how to make human decisions in the specific context of the COVID 19 crisis and the impact of these “fake news”, propagated with or without intention, on the behaviour of employees and aims to provide some recommendations to the management of these organizations to address the challenges of the coming period.
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Paszkowski, Zbigniew Wladyslaw, Sylwia Kolowiecka, and Aleksandra Agnieszka Kusmierek. "Urban security as part of the Smart Cities strategy." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/tiyo7521.

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Security is one of the basic existential needs of man. In one negative definition, security is defined as a feeling of absence of danger. In a positive approach, we can define the feeling of security as certainty of existence, survival and development. Security is of a complex nature and, apart from providing physical protection against direct threats, also includes meeting many specific behavioral needs, including the emotional and social sphere, defined by the needs of belonging to a family, social group and psychological and physical sphere - attachment to the place and the environment, the need to have and identify the living space used. In many cities, security experts develop strategies by analyzing urban planning and architecture and their resilience in terms of adaptability to changing climatic, social and economic conditions. The authors describe the need to include urban security in Smart Cities development strategies. The proper development and functioning of cities threatened by observed and forecasted climate changes, progressive anthropogenic environmental degradation, the effects of wars and terrorism, causes permanent updating of the city's development strategies and redefining of the architectural and urban environment.
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Kotkova, Barbora, and Marta Blahova. "CYBERTERRORISM AND SOCIAL ENGINEERING - METHODS AND COUNTERMEASURES." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/2.1/s07.08.

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The article deals with the topic of cyberterrorism committed with the help of social engineering. It lists the means and methods used by modern cyber-terrorists but mentions in more detail the less common ones, which have a greater chance of success because they are not widely known. In the case of cyber terrorism or cyber war, the damage can become global. It is in the existential interest of every state or company to have a sufficient level of prevention against threats to its digital space and adequate settings of functional countermeasures. The article mentions these current countermeasures, especially the selected ones that correspond to the results of the SWOT analysis presented here. The topics of cybercrime include criminally punishable harmful behavior on the Internet such as Internet piracy (making illegal copies, illegal Peer-to-Peer file sharing, violation of copyright or industrial rights), dissemination of harmful content, a serious form of cyberbullying, cyber grooming, and cyberstalking. At present, especially the enormously increasing sophisticated organized crime, identity theft, or cyber-terrorism. From a general introduction to a better understanding of the topic, it goes on to a detailed description of individual current methods and focuses on the most frequently used techniques and methods of today like Watering Hole Attack, Cryptojacking, Pivoting, Credential Stuffing Attack, Website Defacement and Formjacking for example. In particular, social engineering methods, DDoS attacks, and password-cracking methods are described. Using an overview SWOT analysis, the article points out strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities concerning the currently most used methods of criminals. In conclusion, it presents the current requirements and measures, due to the constantly more sophisticated methods of modern attacks, for a secure organization and offers recommended procedures.
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Chung, Pak Kwong, Chun Hu, and Chun-Qing Zhang. "CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCE IN HONG KONG OLDER ADULTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact086.

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"Introduction: Resilience, which is defined as the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress, is important for older adults to maintain a healthy life. This qualitative study aimed to identify the characteristics that contribute to resilience among a group of community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. Methods: Individual and focus group interviews were conducted to collect information on life adverse events, attitudes towards adversity, and beliefs underlying the approaches to overcoming adversity among 25 Chinese older adults (2M and 23F) aged 69 to 100 years old (M=80.00, SD=39.08). The transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Seven characteristics were emerged under the three factors, including equanimity, positive attitudes towards life, meaningfulness, and self-reliance (internal factor), social support and environmental support (external factor), and spirituality and faith (existential factor). Conclusion: In addition to identifying the seven characteristics that contribute to resilience, this study also identified “taking part in physical activity” as an individual resource contributing to resilience. The study also found “government support” is an important environmental factor contributing to positive adaptation to stressful life of the elderly in Hong Kong. The results and findings may facilitate the development of interventions on enhancing older adults’ resilience."
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Schopmans, Hendrik R. "From Coded Bias to Existential Threat." In AIES '22: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534161.

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Salmon, Peter. "P2-2 Communicating with patients experiencing existential threat." In Sapporo Conference for Palliative and Supportive Care Abstracts. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2023-scpsc.19.

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Hornung, Severin, Matthias Weigl, Britta Herbig, and Jürgen Glaser. "WORK AND HEALTH IN TRANSITION: TRENDS OF SUBJECTIFICATION IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact056.

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"Reported is the synthesis of a series of seven studies on work and health, conducted collaboratively by researchers in applied psychology and occupational medicine. This qualitative meta-study develops a framework, in which reviewed studies are structured, aggregated, integrated, and interpreted in a theory-guided iterative process of themed analysis. Building on empirical results, the subsequent interpretive integration seeks to demonstrate, how overarching, pervasive, and in psychological research typically underemphasized tendencies of “subjectification” manifest in exemplary work contexts, research topics, and results. Subjectification of work is operationalized in dimensions of work intensification (performance focus), work internalization (goal adoption), and work individualization (job personalization). A meta-dimension is work insecurity (personal risk), cultivated in contemporary management ideologies of employee self-reliance. Following thematic description, content-analytical structuring criteria include: a) focus on work task (activity) versus working conditions (context); b) primary (close, direct, explicit) versus secondary (inferred, indirect, subtle) references to and/or indication for identified tendencies of subjectification; and c) theoretically assumed and empirically examined relationships with negative (psychopathological) and positive (psychosalutogenic) short, medium, and longer-term attitudinal and health-related work effects, as well as the personality-shaping impact of long-term occupational socialization. Psychological aspects of work tasks are core to 4 studies, 3 focus on working conditions and organizational practices. References to intensification were dominant in 4 studies, whereas 5 include internalization processes, and 3 predominantly focus on individualization of work. All studies share secondary or indirect references to other subjectifying tendencies. Examined work effects were aggregated into a matrix of short, medium and long-term positive and negative manifestations of health and wellbeing. Results suggest tensions and pressures arising from the motivational individualization of work tasks and conditions, resulting internalization of organizational interests and goals (e.g., performance, efficiency, costs), coupled with system-inherent tendencies of work intensification. These dysfunctional dynamics constitute risks factors for psychologically detrimental or harmful forms of self-management, self-control, and self-endangering work behavior, as manifestations of “internalized” incompatibilities between work and health in the neoliberal workplace, aggravated by existential threats associated with political-economic crisis. Outlined are implications of subjectification for a critical reevaluation and reorientation of basic theoretical assumptions of research and practice in applied psychology and occupational health."
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Li, Lingxuan, Wenyuan Li, and Dong Wei. "The Potential Issues and Crises of Artificial Intelligence Development." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004662.

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Since the time when humans, leveraging 'intelligence,' could contend with and dominate other species on Earth, they have held a dominant position in the relationship with other life forms. The explosive development of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in limitless possibilities for human society. Simultaneously, the potential issues and crises stemming from its development accompany a myriad of advantages. This study employs literature review and in-depth analysis to categorize the potential problems and crises of AI development into three levels: 'small, medium, and large.' These levels respectively denote the negative impacts AI brings to humanity, the conflicts between AI and humans, and the potential scenario of AI replacing and annihilating humanity.Building upon this hierarchical classification, the article proposes that addressing minor issues, mitigating moderate-scale problems, and remaining vigilant about major challenges are imperative throughout the AI development process. It underscores the need for humanity to solve small problems, alleviate medium-scale issues, and be alert to significant problems. This calls for a reevaluation of the relationship between humans and AI, an awareness of the existence of the 'singularity' in AI development, and a heightened emphasis on preventing potential crises resulting from uncontrolled and intervention-free AI development.In the realm of 'small issues,' the article discusses how the development of AI has led to a decline in the independence of human thought. This is manifested in weakened social skills, diminished memory capabilities, and a reduced capacity for independent decision-making. Furthermore, the potential replacement of non-technical occupations by AI may contribute to a widening gap in employment and wealth. Issues related to information privacy and security become prominent, particularly in fields like science, medicine, and business, where the extensive use of AI for the analysis of sensitive user information poses inherent privacy risks. Additionally, concerns regarding the monopolization of data analysis and the presence of biases and discrimination in algorithms are significant challenges within the context of AI development.The 'medium issues' encompass discussions about the relationship between humans and AI, as well as the prospective trajectory of human civilization coexisting with AI. In the future, AI may attain a status comparable to humans. Questions arise about whether AI is inclined to continue aiding in human civilization's development, fostering a harmonious coexistence between humans and AI, or if AI will give rise to an independent AI civilization detached from human influence. These considerations present challenges to the existing power structures and discourse systems predominantly shaped by human influence.In addressing the 'major challenges,' the article emphasizes the potential occurrence of an 'AI singularity,' a point in time when machine intelligence comprehensively surpasses human intelligence. This scenario could result in humans losing their understanding and control over AI, facing the threat of becoming a secondary species or even encountering existential risks. The article introduces the concept of a 'quiet' period preceding the AI surpassing human intelligence. During this phase, the substantial benefits derived from AI development may induce apathy and relaxation regarding the potential threat of AI dominance.In conclusion, this article offers a comprehensive and systematic perspective, analyzing potential issues and crises at different tiers in the development of AI. It provides a structured framework for addressing these challenges and calls for vigilance in recognizing the potential threats posed by AI. The article underscores the importance of active intervention in technological development within the humanities, encouraging public participation in establishing a public discourse system. This engagement aims to cultivate a more robust human-AI civilization aligned with human needs and core values.
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Souza, Carolina de, André Villela de Souza Lima Santos, and Manoel Antônio dos Santos. "ONLINE GROUP THERAPY WITH WOMEN DIAGNOSED WITH BREAST CANCER: A LOOK FROM PSYCHOLOGY PROFESSIONALS." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2084.

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Facing the pandemic of COVID-19 and the measures of social distancing, in order to reduce the spread of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-19), health services are using the technological resources to ensure the continuity of care in remote mode. In this context, the therapy group for women diagnosed with breast cancer has been adapted to the online videoconference. Objective: The aim of this study was to reflect on the professional psychological practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in an online group care with women with breast cancer. Methodology: This is a case report that joins the experiences of psychology professionals as group coordinators and internship supervisors, with reflections about a modality of telecare carried out by a health team, in the format of an online videoconference group. The experiences of the psychology team were understood in light of Martin Heidegger’s existential analytics. Results: Coordinating a support group in the online modality proved challenging for psychology professionals. This model took some time to be adapted in order to make the professionals comfortable in making their statements and for the bond with patients to be established again. During the supervisions, the lack of practical material to be discussed among the interns was noticed, something that was slowly solved with group readings regarding the clinical practice and group dynamics, and later, with the return of the online group. Conclusion: Facing the pandemic threat has opened a new possibility of being-in-the-world with technological mediations of communication among people, which finds an alternative way of being-with-others in the group participation. Psychology care is characterized by offering qualified listening, directed to the embrace of the emotional demands presented. In the experiences related to COVID-19, the questioning of the existential condition leads to an increase in anguish that marks the perception of finitude and allows the subject to assume being toward death.
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Reports on the topic "Existential threats"

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Yilmaz, Ihsan, and Kainat Shakil. Gender Populism: Civilizational Populist Construction of Gender Identities as Existential Cultural Threats. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0023.

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In the Islamist version of civilizational populism, the emotional backlash against the rise of secularism, multiculturalism, progressive ideas, and ‘wokeness,’ has been skillfully employed. While for the populists, populist far right and civilizational populists in the West, usually the Muslims are the civilizational other, we argue in this article, in the Islamist civilizational populism, the list of civilizational enemies of the Muslim way of life also includes feminists and LGBTQ+ rights advocates.Gender populism is a relatively new concept that refers to the use of gender symbolism, language, policy measures, and contestation of gender issues by populist actors. It involves the manipulation of gender roles, stereotypes, and traditional values to appeal to the masses and create divisions between “the people” and “the others.” This paper looks at the case study of gender populism in Turkey, where the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been in power for over two decades. The AKP has used gender populism to redefine Turkish identity, promote conservative Islamism, and marginalize women and the LGBTQ+ community. The paper also discusses how gender populism has been used by the AKP to marginalize political opponents.
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Condon, L. E., J. Ruiz, P. Antin, J. Buizer, S. Collinge, N. L. Esquerra, L. A. Ikner, S. B. Megdal, and K. J. Patten. Final Report: The Presidential Advisory Commission on the Future of Agriculture & Food Production in a Drying Climate. University of Arizona, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/10150.669555.

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Located in one of the most arid portions of the country, Arizona’s food production systems are increasingly threatened by drying climate, and there is growing concern that this trend poses an existential threat to food production in Arizona. In response to this urgent issue, UArizona President Dr. Robert C. Robbins created the Presidential Advisory Commission on the Future of Agriculture & Food Production in a Drying Climate. The Commission was tasked with assessing critical threats to agriculture and food production, identifying the most promising solutions, and determining how UArizona can best impact the future. This report reflects the Commission’s study and information gathering through listening sessions and surveys of community members across the University and the state of Arizona.
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Hooker, Reece. Changing climate an existential threat to sports. Monash University, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/f81f-882f.

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Rheinberger, Christoph, and Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.

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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.
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Agarwala, Matthew, Matt Burke, Jennifer Doherty-Bigara, Patrycja Klusak, and Kamiar Mohaddes. Climate Change and Sovereign Risk: A Regional Analysis for the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012885.

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Climate change is an existential threat to the world economy, with complex, evolving and nonlinear dynamics that remain a source of great uncertainty. There is a bourgeoning literature on the economic impact of climate change, but research on how climate change affects sovereign risks is limited. This paper provides forward-looking regional analysis of the effects of climate change on sovereign creditworthiness, probability of default and the cost of borrowing for the Caribbean economies. Our results indicate that there is substantial variation in the sensitivity of ratings to climate change across the region which is due to the non-linear nature of ratings. Our findings improve the identification and management of sovereign climate risk and provides a forward-looking assessment of how climate change could affect the cost of accessing international finance. As such, it leads to a suite of policy options for countries in the region.
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Ivaldi, Giles, and Emilia Zankina. Conclusion for the report on the impact of the Russia–Ukraine War on right-wing populism in Europe. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0035.

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This report illustrates the populist performance of the Ukrainian crisis and how Radical Right populists across Europe may have seized the opportunity of the war to instrumentalize war-related economic anxieties and propagate anti-elite and anti-establishment rhetoric. Emphasizing domestic socioeconomic issues did not preclude populist Radical Right parties from using the war as an opportunity to reinforce nationalist sentiment and national pride. Many parties drew parallels between the heroism and sacrifice of the Ukrainian people in defending their nation and nationalist attitudes and devotion to the nation at home. Many parties further portrayed the war as an existential threat to the nation, calling for a strong and immediate response, including strengthening military capability. At least in one case, this renewed nationalist discourse drew mainstream parties to the right and into support for nationalist policies. The repertoire of strategies and responses to war has demonstrated the ability of the populist Radical Right to adapt quickly, adopt new issues and discourses and put them through a populist Radical Right prism. Changes that we observe in attitudes of radical right-wing populist parties towards Russia illustrate the malleability of populism and its “chameleon-like” characteristic, suggesting a good deal of adaptability and those parties’ capacity to “read the room” and quickly adapt to shifts in public opinion.
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Microbes and Climate Change - Science, People & Impacts. American Society for Microbiology, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.nov.2021.

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Climate change is unarguably a critical existential threat to humanity in the 21st century. As the most abundant organisms on Earth, microorganisms make considerable contributions to and are greatly affected by a changing climate. Microbes are major drivers of elemental cycles (such are carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus), important producers and consumers of greenhouse gases, and pertinent pathogens of humans, animals and plants. While the threat of climate change looms large, conversations about the relationship between it and microorganisms are still rare outside of the microbial sciences community. To understand fully how our climate may change in the future, it is important to learn how a changing climate will impact microbes and their relationships with humans and their environment, as well as incorporate microbial processes into climate models. This report is based on the deliberations of experts who participated in a colloquium on Nov. 5, 2021 organized by the American Academy of Microbiology, the honorific leadership group and think tank within the American Society for Microbiology. These experts came from diverse disciplines and sectors and provided multifaceted perspectives and insights. Over the course of the discussion, the group made several major recommendations for academic, policy, and market partners to drive innovation for microbe-driven climate change solutions that support human well-being.
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