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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Existential

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Academic literature on the topic 'Existential'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Existential"

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Adeleke, Tunde, and Lewis R. Gordon. "Existentia Africana: Understanding Africana Existential Thought." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 2 (2001): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097503.

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Eisenberg, Richard A., Guillaume Duboc, Stephanie Weirich, and Daniel Lee. "An existential crisis resolved: type inference for first-class existential types." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, ICFP (August 22, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473569.

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Despite the great success of inferring and programming with universal types, their dual—existential types—are much harder to work with. Existential types are useful in building abstract types, working with indexed types, and providing first-class support for refinement types. This paper, set in the context of Haskell, presents a bidirectional type-inference algorithm that infers where to introduce and eliminate existentials without any annotations in terms, along with an explicitly typed, type-safe core language usable as a compilation target. This approach is backward compatible. The key ingredient is to use strong existentials, which support (lazily) projecting out the encapsulated data, not weak existentials accessible only by pattern-matching.

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Kirillova, Ksenia, Xinran Lehto, and Liping Cai. "Tourism and Existential Transformation: An Empirical Investigation." Journal of Travel Research 56, no. 5 (May 23, 2016): 638–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287516650277.

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Couched in the context of the experience economy 3.0, this research conceptualized transformations as changes in existential authenticity and anxiety, and phenomenologically explored the essence of a transformative tourist experience and subsequent long-term changes. This research uncovered nine chronologically ordered themes in which existentially oriented concerns were prevalent. It found that tourists did not reflect on existential givens in situ until a triggering episode initiated the meaning-making process. Existential anxiety felt post-trip was found to motivate tourists to resolve pertinent existential dilemmas and to initiate meaningful life changes. Participants sustained enhanced existential authenticity and became more sensitive to existential anxiety in their lives thereafter.

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Voltolini, Alberto. "A contextualist treatment of negative existentials." Intercultural Pragmatics 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2021-2013.

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Abstract In this paper, I want to vindicate the contextualist treatment that is typically applied by artefactualists on fictional entities (ficta) both to general and to singular negative existentials. According to this treatment, the truth value of a negative existential, whether general or singular, changes according to whether the existential quantifier or the first-order existence predicate is contextually used as respectively ranging over and applying to a restricted or an unrestricted domain of beings. In (2003), Walton has criticized this treatment with respect to singular negative existentials in particular. First of all, however, as (Predelli, Stefano. 2002. ‘Holmes’ and Holmes. A Millian analysis of names from fiction. Dialectica 56. 261–279) has shown, this treatment can be applied to singular predications in general, independently of the existential case. Moreover, not only does applying it to singular negative existentials explain why we may contextually use the quantifier restrictedly in general negative existentials, but also it accounts for why comparative negative existentials, both singular and general, may have different truth values as well depending on the comparison group they mobilize.

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Wirth, Jason M. "Book Review: Existentia Africana: Understanding Africana Existential Thought." Journal of Asian and African Studies 37, no. 1 (February 2002): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700109.

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A., Getahun. "Morphosyntactic Structures of Existential, Possessive and Locative Constructions in Amharic." Macrolinguistics 9, no. 15 (December 31, 2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2021.9.15.2.

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This paper lays out the morphosyntactic structures of existential, locative and possessive constructions in Amharic. Amharic belongs to South Ethio-Semitic language subfamily. It is natively spoken in the Amhara region and used as the first and the second language for some urban dwellers in the country. It is a working language for the Federal Government of Ethiopia. It serves the same in Gambella, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ and Benishangul-Gumuz regional states. The Amharic existential, possessive and locative constructions are characterized by using the same existential verb stem all-‘exist’. The verb is defective in its derivation and conjugation. Unlike the prototypical verbs of the language, the existential verb uses a different verb for imperfective and past verb forms. Unlike the regular verbs of the language, the existential verb, which is perfective in form, conveys present tense. It has been observed that indefinite nominals appear as the E (Existent) in existentials and possessives, whereas definite ones appear in locatives. The morphosyntactic features of existentials and locatives are the same in every aspect except the use of definiteness of the E (Existent). The possessives differ from the two constructions in word order and morphological structure of the verb.

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VASILEVA, Svetlana, and Ekaterina PAVLOVA. "MAIN EXISTENTIAL CATEGORIES IN WORKS OF JOHN STEINBECK." Studia Humanitatis 25, no. 4 (December 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2022.3906.

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This article is devoted to the works of John Steinbeck from the position of the functioning of the main existential categories or "existentials" of human Being. Existentialism is considered here as a phenomenon that has gone beyond specific philosophy and literature and entered the cultural tradition as a conglomerate of issues that directly concern anthropology. Existential categories are derived as a result of the analysis of the philosophical and cultural base of existentialism, as well as by means of addressing a specific historical situation. The term "existential" belonging to M. Heidegger is interpreted here as a "base-forming value category", "pillar for existence" and is used as an element of literary analysis. The authors identify and investigate a number of existentials characteristic for literature and capable of being modified in the angle of the plot of a particular work. As a result of the study, it is concluded that in the works of J. Steinbeck, existential categories associated with the problem of human existence in a specific situation and representing the existentials of "support and overcoming" are the most frequent. This is a "dream", "hope", "meaning of life", which is directly related to the context recreated by the author. In general, the analysis of a literary work from the angle of the functioning of existential categories allows to analyse the work in its historical and cultural terms, as well as to make a deeper and more comprehensive characteristic of a literary character.

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Goldenberg, Harriett. "Life in the Time of COVID." European Judaism 55, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2022.550209.

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This article discusses key existential concepts, and Jewish principles within the context of the experience of the 2020/21 COVID pandemic. The premise of the article is that existential concepts, ‘existentials’, while always underpinning our lives, have been highlighted during this period of crisis, with significant potential resultant learning. This kind of process, learning about ourselves in response to the circumstances of our lives, the circumstances in which we find ourselves, is at the heart of the enterprise of existential psychotherapy. Do we find the roots of these concepts within Jewish thought and theology? How do fundamental Jewish principles and contemporary existential ideas sit side by side?

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Liu, Mingming. "Unifying Universal and Existential wh’s in Mandarin." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 29 (December 9, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v29i0.4611.

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The paper aims at a unified account of Mandarin non-interrogative wh’s that have both universal and existential uses. Wh’s are argued to uniformly denote existentials obligatorily triggering alternatives, exhaustifying different types of alternatives strengthens the existential into either universal or existential free choice items corresponding to the two uses of wh’s, as is in the framework of Chierchia 2013b. Distribution and interpretation of the two types of wh’s follow from their interaction with an even-like particle dou and competition between the two.

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Gulevataya, Anastasia N., and Regina V. Penner. "Language of Existential Experience of a Person in the Digital Age." Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v5i1.324.

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The article presents the problem of the existential feasible in the digital. The relevance of the problem is gaining weight in the so-called digital age, when the objectives in the human world are represented by technology and the technological. The following questions from the 20th century are becoming relevant again: the relationship between a person and technology; the future of a person and technology; the human / existential in the context of multiplying technology. In the 21st century, the digital can be seen as a cluster of external objectivity in the everyday life. The article raises questions about how the talk about the existential dimension in the digital age is possible; whether there are grounds of speaking about the dynamics of human existential conditions in the process of intensification of everything that is called digital today; and if yes, then in what format and with what language. Given these questions, we understand the digital as a special topos of human existence, a space of manifestation, “highlighting” the existential, which can be comprehended and conceptualized. In the digital age the human being remains, same as his/her existentials. In the markup of the digital, both the individual and the existentials are subject to serious transformation. This is illustrated by digital subjects, digital twins, digital traces/prints, which have an effect on the individual and his/her existential filling. From this we deduce the idea of digital anthropology as a new research field.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Existential"

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Francez, Itamar. "Existential propositions /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Kaplan, Brett. "Existential Bebop." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3553.

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EXISTENTIAL BEBOP is a collection of thirteen short stories that use humor and satire to address some of the absurdities of human existence. In some stories, characters are forced to come to terms with mortality, such as the six-year-old boy in “A Goldfish Memory,” who learns about death for the first time. In “Cassandra Knows All” a rational twenty-something is lured by a charlatan who convinces her that there is an afterlife. In others, the comedy centers on human frailties, such as “Weekend in Deceit,” where two couples confront infidelity. “The Sacrifice of Mikey Horowitz” explores family values, ancient and modern, through the lens of a bar mitzvah. Influenced by the work of Woody Allen, Kafka, and Dostoyevsky, the collection uses exaggeration, surreal juxtapositions, and absurd premises to point to the darker side of the human condition and the necessity for a sense of humor to get us through life.

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Roessler, Heather. "Existential Flux." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/745.

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My wok is a place for meditation (through play and ritual) to grapple with ideas around what it means to be alive. I explore my own history, psychology and the nature of things, to better understand myself. I create because of the need to build a familiarity with the unknown and the uncomfortable and to accept that which is out of my control. While seeking to understand and learn from my own personal confrontations with death, I also find my own form of spirituality. Losing my hold on graspable things, as time and change tend to bring, witnessing the dualities in nature ever-shifting; I must accept that nothing stays the same nor remains… not even me.

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Kokkinias, Panos. "Existential Exposures : The Manifestation of Existential Motifs within the Art Photograph." Thesis, University of Derby, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518252.

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Correia, Fabrice. "Existential dependence and cognate notions /." Munich : Philosophia, 2005. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/25101.

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Herring, Lesley Virginia. "The existential and postmodern individual." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2371.

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The theories of existentialism and postmodernism seem like very different ideas at first glance. Existentialism is a philosophy of individuals, while postmodernism is a theory focused more on society and less on individual existence. In this thesis, I will show that both of these ideas can be merged together to be seen as an individual philosophy. Using theories from each philosophical camp, I will describe both the existential and postmodern being. I will explain characteristics of these individuals and explain how they function in society. I will use several philosophers to explain this such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Foucault, and finally, I will discuss The Stranger by Albert Camus. In The Stranger, the main character, Monsieur Meursault, exhibits the qualities of both types of individuals. I will use him as an example of the type of person that emerges from the philosophical ideas of existentialism and postmodernism. I analyze Meursault through the eyes of both the existentialist and the postmodernist, and conclude that Meursault personifies the traits and characteristics that are specific to these philosophies.

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Looney, Michael Keith. "The existential nature of architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22390.

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Bowring, Finn. "Andre Gorz : an existential legacy." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307177.

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Thomas, Michael. "Existential interventions in eating disorders." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11482/.

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This study provides the result of a doctorate research into the impact of existential psychotherapeutic interventions with people experiencing chronic eating disorders. The results indicate that positive outcomes are correlated to therapeutic interventions which concentrate on the clients own perception of control and choice over their own eating habits. The research aim was to explore both the effects and the effectiveness of existential therapy in altering the individuals subjective interpretation of their Self when they are deeply immersed in the experience of disordered eating. Interventions went beyond the cognitive-behavioural approaches into the implementation of existential psychotherapy which helped individuals to explore the existential concerns of life, choice, hope, social inclusion and love within the context of their own sense of Being. This focus led to an improvement in all study subjects and a reduction in the use of mental health resources. All individuals entered the study following assessment criteria which included chronicity, lengthy use of mental health services and past therapeutic interventions. Three diagnostic criteria were included, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Morbid Obesity. Data presented in the study supported the original premise that all three eating disorders share underlying similarities and justify the inclusion of the diagnostic criteria of morbid obesity within the study. Therapy was either in closed groups or individual and consisted of a fixed number of one-hour sessions. Therapeutic techniques included cognitive-behavioural therapy and person-centred counselling focusing on self-esteem and self-assertion, as well as an existential focus on dualistic perception of the mind/body, the conscious sense of the present and the affective bond with food itself. A series of therapeutic phases were structured to demonstrate the progress from interventions in self-esteem and self-assertion to existential concerns and principles. Taking therapy beyond cognitive-behavioural techniques involved the application of Yaloms' (1980) and Strasser and Strassers' (1997) Existential Therapy and an exploration of Duker and Slades' (1988) concepts of the fragmentation of the sense of Self in individuals experiencing eating disorders. The research demonstrated important differences between the professional perception of appropriate eating and alteration in weight as successful clinical outcomes, and the clients’ dependency on disordered eating as a source of release from interacting with others. Mental health interventions were perceived by clients as attempts to stop such a release without providing a substitute. A clear sense of loss was presented by all study subjects when eating was controlled by others. In most cases disordered eating was habitual and the emotional effects of raised or lowered glucose levels gave a sense of numbness and nothingness which was actively pursued. This was also attained when disordered eating was combined with other self-harm behaviours. Mental health practitioners inadvertently prevented the attainment of a sense of numbness by their focus on eating and body weight. The encouragement of food regimes causes increased anxiety for all clients leading to poor compliance levels. The research results have the potential to impact on mental health education and clinical services as the data indicates that individuals with disordered eating gain more benefit when the therapeutic focus is less on restoring appropriate eating habits and more on the individuals sense of Self; the importance of food intake as a source of escape from others and escape from the internal awareness of Self.

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Mitchell, Derek Robert. "Existential theories of the self." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242886.

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Books on the topic "Existential"

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Maintenance, Atelier de, Museum für Photographie (Braunschweig, Germany), and Arles, rencontres de la photographie, eds. Shoot!: La photographie existentielle = Fotografie existentiell = Existential photography. Arles: Les Rencontres d'Arles, 2010.

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Merrill, John Calhoun. Existential journalism. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1996.

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Sousa, Daniel. Existential Psychotherapy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95217-5.

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Cooper, Mick. Existential therapies. London: Sage Publications, 2003.

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Davidov, Jonathan, and Pninit Russo-Netzer. Existential Authenticity. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07842-2.

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J, Schneider Kirk, Brown Yevette, Tullos Jon M, Governors State University. Communication Services, and American Psychological Association, eds. Existential therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2007.

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Charles, Citrenbaum, ed. Existential hypnotherapy. New York: Guilford Press, 1993.

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Paul, Sartre Jean. Existential psychoanalysis. Washington, D.C: Regnery Pub., 1996.

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O, Dahlstrom Daniel, and American Catholic Philosophical Association, eds. Existential personalism. Washington, D.C: Issued by the National Office of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, 1986.

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Arnold-Baker, Claire, Simon Wharne, Nancy Hakim Dowek, Neil Gibson, Jo Molle, and Emmy van Deurzen. Existential Therapy. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003355700.

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Book chapters on the topic "Existential"

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Dion, Michel. "Existential/Existentiell Philosophy." In Ethical Economy, 1–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7326-4_1.

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Terezakis, Katie. "Existential choice as existential comedy." In Critical Theories and the Budapest School, 217–38. 1 Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in social and political thought; 128: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315472454-14.

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Bloom, Peter. "Capitalism’s Existential Crisis: Producing Existential Freedom." In The Bad Faith in the Free Market, 41–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76502-0_3.

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Kukkola, Jani, and Eetu Pikkarainen. "Edusemiotics, Existential Semiotics, and Existential Pedagogy." In Edusemiotics – A Handbook, 121–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1495-6_9.

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Schneider, Kirk J. "Existential-Humanistic and Existential-Integrative Therapy." In The Wiley World Handbook of Existential Therapy, 247–56. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119167198.ch14.

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Krug, Orah T. "Existential-Humanistic and Existential-Integrative Therapy." In The Wiley World Handbook of Existential Therapy, 257–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119167198.ch15.

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Schneider, Kirk J., and Louis Hoffman. "Existential–humanistic and existential–integrative theory." In APA handbook of psychotherapy: Theory-driven practice and disorder-driven practice (Vol. 1)., 53–69. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000353-004.

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Bugental, James F. T., and Richard I. Kleiner. "Existential Psychotherapies." In Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration, 101–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9782-4_8.

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Whitaker, Ashley. "Existential Rage." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1476–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_2343.

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Compton, John J. "Existential Phenomenology." In Contributions to Phenomenology, 205–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_47.

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Conference papers on the topic "Existential"

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Urbani, Jacopo, Markus Krötzsch, and Thomas Eiter. "Chasing Streams with Existential Rules." In 19th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2022}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/43.

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We study reasoning with existential rules to perform query answering over streams of data. On static databases, this problem has been widely studied, but its extension to rapidly changing data has not yet been considered. To bridge this gap, we extend LARS, a well-known framework for rule-based stream reasoning, to support existential rules. For that, we show how to translate LARS with existentials into a semantics-preserving set of existential rules. As query answering with such rules is undecidable in general, we describe how to leverage the temporal nature of streams and present suitable notions of acyclicity that ensure decidability.

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Lu, Haonan, Kaushik Veeraraghavan, Philippe Ajoux, Jim Hunt, Yee Jiun Song, Wendy Tobagus, Sanjeev Kumar, and Wyatt Lloyd. "Existential consistency." In SOSP '15: ACM SIGOPS 25th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2815400.2815426.

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Mensik, Marek. "EXISTENTIAL GENERALIZATION IN TIL." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/21/s07.040.

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Light, Ann, Irina Shklovski, and Alison Powell. "Design for Existential Crisis." In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3052760.

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Ramakrishnan, Raghu, Catriel Beeri, and Ravi Krishnamurthy. "Optimizing existential datalog queries." In the seventh ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/308386.308420.

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Landsman, Moshe. "Existential Cognitive Behavioral Therapy." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.414.

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Darwiche, Adnan, and Pierre Marquis. "On Quantifying Literals in Boolean Logic and its Applications to Explainable AI (Extended Abstract)." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/797.

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Quantified Boolean logic results from adding operators to Boolean logic for existentially and universally quantifying variables. This extends the reach of Boolean logic by enabling a variety of applications that have been explored over the decades. The existential quantification of literals (variable states) and its applications have also been studied in the literature. We complement this by studying universal literal quantification and its applications, particularly to explainable AI. We also provide a novel semantics for quantification and discuss the interplay between variable/literal and existential/universal quantification. We further identify classes of Boolean formulas and circuits that allow efficient quantification. Literal quantification is more fine-grained than variable quantification, which leads to a refinement of quantified Boolean logic with literal quantification as its primitive.

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"Existential Dimension of Mature Age." In Congress on mental health meeting the needs of the XXI century. Gorodets, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22343/mental-health-congress-compendium160-162.

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Wu, Lianlong. "Evolutionary Learning of Existential Rules." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/928.

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Declarative rules such as Prolog and Datalog are common formalisms to express expert knowledge and are used in a number of systems. Since developing such rules is time-consuming and requires scarce expert knowledge, it is essential to develop algorithms for learning such rules. We address the problem of learning existential rules, a richer class of rules which found applications in many use-cases such as Semantic Web and Web Data Extraction. In particular, we concentrate on developing evolutionary learning algorithms for rule learning.

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Андреев, Артём Андреевич. "EXISTENTIAL FOUNDATIONS OF CONTEMPORARY PARASCIENCE." In Социально-экономические и гуманитарные науки: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Декабрь 2020). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/seh294.2020.43.56.005.

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В статье анализируются экзистенциальные основания современной паранауки. Выявляется тесная взаимосвязь паранауки с экзистенциальными потребностями и ценностями современного общества. Определяются социальные причины, влияющие на возникновение и распространение паранауки. This article presents the analysis of the existential foundations of contemporary parascience. Revealed the close relationship of parascience with existential needs and values of contemporary society. Determined the social causes that influence the emergence and spread of parascience.

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Reports on the topic "Existential"

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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.93.

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Matching of concepts with variables (concept patterns) is a relatively new operation that has been introduced in the context of description logics, originally to help filter out unimportant aspects of large concepts appearing in industrial-strength knowledge bases. Previous work has concentrated on (sub-)languages of CLASSIC, which in particular do not allow for existential restrictions. In this work, we present sound and complete decision algorithms for the solvability of matching problems and for computing sets of matchers for matching problems in description logics with existential restrictions.

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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.93.

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Abstract:

Matching of concepts with variables (concept patterns) is a relatively new operation that has been introduced in the context of description logics, originally to help filter out unimportant aspects of large concepts appearing in industrial-strength knowledge bases. Previous work has concentrated on (sub-)languages of CLASSIC, which in particular do not allow for existential restrictions. In this work, we present sound and complete decision algorithms for the solvability of matching problems and for computing sets of matchers for matching problems in description logics with existential restrictions.

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3

Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.98.

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An abridged version of this technical report has been submitted to KR 2000. Matching of concepts against patterns is a new inference task in Description Logics, which was originally motivated by applications of the CLASSIC system. Consequently, the work on this problem was until now mostly concerned with sublanguages of the Classic language, which does not allow for existential restrictions. Motivated by an application in chemical process engineering, which requires a description language with existential restrictions, this paper investigates the matching problem in Description Logics with existential restrictions. It turns out that existential restrictions make matching more complex in two respects. First, whereas matching in sublanguages of CLASSIC is polynomial, deciding the existence of matchers is an NP-complete problem in the presence of existential restrictions. Second, whereas in sublanguages of Classic solvable matching problems have a unique least matcher, this is not the case for languages with existential restrictions. Thus, it is not a priori clear which of the (possibly infinitely many) matchers should be returned by a matching algorithm. After determining the complexity of the decision problem, the present paper first investigates the question of what are 'interesting' sets of matchers, and then describes algorithms for computing these sets for the languages EL (which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions) and ALE (which additionally allows for value restrictions, primitive negation, and the bottom concept).

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4

Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.98.

Full text

Abstract:

An abridged version of this technical report has been submitted to KR 2000. Matching of concepts against patterns is a new inference task in Description Logics, which was originally motivated by applications of the CLASSIC system. Consequently, the work on this problem was until now mostly concerned with sublanguages of the Classic language, which does not allow for existential restrictions. Motivated by an application in chemical process engineering, which requires a description language with existential restrictions, this paper investigates the matching problem in Description Logics with existential restrictions. It turns out that existential restrictions make matching more complex in two respects. First, whereas matching in sublanguages of CLASSIC is polynomial, deciding the existence of matchers is an NP-complete problem in the presence of existential restrictions. Second, whereas in sublanguages of Classic solvable matching problems have a unique least matcher, this is not the case for languages with existential restrictions. Thus, it is not a priori clear which of the (possibly infinitely many) matchers should be returned by a matching algorithm. After determining the complexity of the decision problem, the present paper first investigates the question of what are 'interesting' sets of matchers, and then describes algorithms for computing these sets for the languages EL (which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions) and ALE (which additionally allows for value restrictions, primitive negation, and the bottom concept).

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5

Jones, Charles. The A.I. Dilemma: Growth versus Existential Risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31837.

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Hooker, Reece. Changing climate an existential threat to sports. Monash University, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/f81f-882f.

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Baader, Franz. Terminological cycles in a description logic with existential restrictions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.120.

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Cyclic definitions in description logics have until now been investigated only for description logics allowing for value restrictions. Even for the most basic language FL₀, which allows for conjunction and value restrictions only, deciding subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles is a PSPACE-complete problem. This report investigates subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles for the language EL, which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions. In contrast to the results for FL₀, subsumption in EL remains polynomial, independent of wether we use least fixpoint semantics, greatest fixpoint semantics, or descriptive semantics. These results are shown via a characterization of subsumption through the existence of certain simulation relations between nodes of the description graph associated with a given cyclic terminology.

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Baader, Franz, Carsten Lutz, Eldar Karabaev, and Manfred Theißen. A New n-ary Existential Quantifier in Description Logics. Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.151.

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Motivated by a chemical process engineering application, we introduce a new concept constructor in Description Logics (DLs), an n-ary variant of the existential restriction constructor, which generalizes both the usual existential restrictions and so-called qualified number restrictions. We show that the new constructor can be expressed in ALCQ, the extension of the basic DL ALC by qualified number restrictions. However, this representation results in an exponential blow-up. By giving direct algorithms for ALC extended with the new constructor, we can show that the complexity of reasoning in this new DL is actually not harder than the one of reasoning in ALCQ. Moreover, in our chemical process engineering application, a restricted DL that provides only the new constructor together with conjunction, and satisfies an additional restriction on the occurrence of roles names, is sufficient. For this DL, the subsumption problem is polynomial.

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Baader, Franz, Ralf Küsters, and Ralf Molitor. Computing Least Common Subsumer in Description Logics with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.85.

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Küsters, Ralf, and Ralf Molitor. Computing Most Specific Concepts in Description Logics with Existential Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.108.

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Computing the most specific concept (msc) is an inference task that can be used to support the 'bottom-up' construction of knowledge bases for KR systems based on description logics. For description logics that allow for number restrictions or existential restrictions, the msc need not exist, though. Previous work on this problem has concentrated on description logics that allow for universal value restrictions and number restrictions, but not for existential restrictions. The main new contribution of this paper is the treatment of description logics with existential restrictions. More precisely, we show that, for the description logic ALE (which allows for conjunction, universal value restrictions, existential restrictions, negation of atomic concepts) the msc of an ABox-individual only exists in case of acyclic ABoxes. For cyclic ABoxes, we show how to compute an approximation of the msc. Our approach for computing the (approximation of the) msc is based on representing concept descriptions by certain trees and ABoxes by certain graphs, and then characterizing instance relationships by homomorphisms from trees into graphs. The msc/approximation operation then mainly corresponds to unraveling the graphs into trees and translating them back into concept descriptions.

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